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| | RAP2-2 | Ethylene-responsive transcription factor RAP2-2; Transcription factor involved in carotenoid biosynthesis regulation. Binds to the 5'-ATCTA-3' element present in the promoter of phytoene synthase (PSY) and phytoene desaturase (PDS). Involved in ethylene response and resistance to necrotrophic pathogens. Acts as a downstream regulator in the ethylene signaling pathway. Partially redundant with RAP2-12; Belongs to the AP2/ERF transcription factor family. ERF subfamily. (379 aa) |
| | NAC096 | NAC domain-containing protein 96; Transcriptional activator involved in the positive regulation of abscisic acid (ABA) responsive genes. Acts as a positive factor of ABA-mediated responses. Involved in the transcriptional activation of ABA-inducible genes in response to dehydration and osmotic stresses. Plays a positive role in both stomatal closure and water loss under dehydration stress conditions. Acts synergistically with ABF2 to activate the dehydration stress-response factor RD29A transcription. Binds to the consensus core cis-acting elements 5'-CGTA-3' and 5'-CACG- 3' at the RD2 [...] (292 aa) |
| | SCRM | Transcription factor ICE1; Transcriptional activator that regulates the cold-induced transcription of CBF/DREB1 genes. Binds specifically to the MYC recognition sites (5'-CANNTG-3') found in the CBF3/DREB1A promoter. Mediates stomatal differentiation in the epidermis probably by controlling successive roles of SPCH, MUTE, and FAMA. Functions as a dimer with SPCH during stomatal initiation. (494 aa) |
| | CBL9 | Calcineurin B-like protein 9; Acts as a calcium sensor involved in abscisic acid (ABA) signaling and stress-induced ABA biosynthesis pathways. Contributes to the regulation of early stress-related CBF/DREB transcription factors. CBL proteins interact with CIPK serine-threonine protein kinases. Binding of a CBL protein to the regulatory NAF domain of a CIPK protein lead to the activation of the kinase in a calcium-dependent manner. May function as a negative regulator of stress and ABA responses. Mediates the activation of AKT1 by CIPK proteins (CIPK6, CIPK16, and CIPK23) in response to [...] (213 aa) |
| | MYB15 | Transcription factor MYB15; Transcription factor involved in cold-regulation of CBF genes and in the development of freezing tolerance. May be part of a complex network of transcription factors controlling the expression of CBF genes and other genes in response to cold stress. Binds to the MYB recognition sequences in the promoters of CBF1, CBF2 and CBF3 genes. Involved in drought and salt tolerance. May enhance expression levels of genes involved in abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis and signaling, as well as those encoding stress-protective proteins. (285 aa) |
| | HSFA6b | Heat stress transcription factor A-6b; Transcriptional activator that specifically binds DNA sequence 5'-AGAAnnTTCT-3' known as heat shock promoter elements (HSE). (406 aa) |
| | MBF1C | Multiprotein-bridging factor 1c; Transcriptional coactivator that stimulates transcriptional activity by bridging regulatory proteins and TBP, thereby recruiting TBP to promoters occupied by DNA-binding regulators. Involved in the tolerance to heat and osmotic stress by partially activating the ethylene-response signal transduction pathway. Belongs to the MBF1 family. (148 aa) |
| | HDT3 | Histone deacetylase HDT3; Probably mediates the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Involved in the modulation of abscisic acid and stress-responsive genes. (294 aa) |
| | DREB1A | Dehydration-responsive element-binding protein 1A; Transcriptional activator that binds specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-[AG]CCGAC-3'. Binding to the C-repeat/DRE element mediates cold-inducible transcription. CBF/DREB1 factors play a key role in freezing tolerance and cold acclimation; Belongs to the AP2/ERF transcription factor family. ERF subfamily. (216 aa) |
| | BOR2 | Probable boron transporter 2; Probable boron transporter. Boron is essential for maintaining the integrity of plants cell walls (By similarity). Belongs to the anion exchanger (TC 2.A.31.3) family. (703 aa) |
| | CHX20 | Cation/H(+) antiporter 20; Operates as a K(+)/H(+) antiporter that maintains K(+) homeostasis in guard cells and could regulate pH. Plays a critical role in osmoregulation through the control of stomates opening. Belongs to the monovalent cation:proton antiporter 2 (CPA2) transporter (TC 2.A.37) family. CHX (TC 2.A.37.4) subfamily. (842 aa) |
| | ABF4 | ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE 5-like protein 7; Functions as transcriptional activator in the ABA-inducible expression of rd29B. Binds specifically to the ABA-responsive element (ABRE) of the rd29B gene promoter. (431 aa) |
| | ABF2 | ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE 5-like protein 5; Involved in ABA and stress responses and acts as a positive component of glucose signal transduction. Functions as transcriptional activator in the ABA-inducible expression of rd29B. Binds specifically to the ABA-responsive element (ABRE) of the rd29B gene promoter. (416 aa) |
| | ABF1 | ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE 5-like protein 4; Binds to the ABA-responsive element (ABRE). Could participate in abscisic acid-regulated gene expression; Belongs to the bZIP family. ABI5 subfamily. (392 aa) |
| | DRIP1 | E3 ubiquitin protein ligase DRIP1; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that acts as a negative regulator of the response to water stress. Mediates ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of the drought-induced transcriptional activator DREB2A. Functionally redundant with DRIP2. (421 aa) |
| | SULTR1;2 | Sulfate transporter 1.2; High-affinity H(+)/sulfate cotransporter that mediates the uptake of the environmental sulfate by plant roots. Plays a central role in the regulation of sulfate assimilation. Unable to transport molybdate; Belongs to the SLC26A/SulP transporter (TC 2.A.53.1) family. (653 aa) |
| | HSFB2A | Heat stress transcription factor B-2a; Transcriptional regulator that specifically binds DNA sequence 5'-AGAAnnTTCT-3' known as heat shock promoter elements (HSE). (299 aa) |
| | SR45 | Serine/arginine-rich splicing factor SR45; Involved in 5' and 3' splicing site selection of introns, and may bridge the 5' and 3' components of the spliceosome. Isoform 1 is required during flower petal development and isoform 2 is involved in root growth. Regulates negatively glucose and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling during early seedling development. Involved in the RNA- directed DNA methylation pathway. Modulates KIN10 stability in response to sugars, probably through the splicing regulation of 5PTASE13, a protein implicated in the proteasomal degradation of KIN10. Belongs to the sp [...] (414 aa) |
| | ABI5 | Protein ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE 5; Participates in ABA-regulated gene expression during seed development and subsequent vegetative stage by acting as the major mediator of ABA repression of growth. Binds to the embryo specification element and the ABA-responsive element (ABRE) of the Dc3 gene promoter and to the ABRE of the Em1 and Em6 genes promoters. Can also trans- activate its own promoter, suggesting that it is autoregulated. Plays a role in sugar-mediated senescence. Belongs to the bZIP family. ABI5 subfamily. (442 aa) |
| | CUL2 | Cullin-2; Core component of multiple SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes. Involved in ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (By similarity). (742 aa) |
| | RGLG1 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RGLG1; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates the formation of 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitin chains. Regulates apical dominance by acting on the auxin transport proteins abundance. Together with RGLG5, mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of the target protein PP2CA. Functions as positive regulator of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling through ABA-dependent degradation of PP2CA, a major inhibitor of ABA signaling. Acts as a negative regulator of drought stress response. (489 aa) |
| | RAP2-12 | Ethylene-responsive transcription factor RAP2-12; Transcription factor involved in the activation of hypoxic gene expression and in ethylene response. Partially redundant with RAP2-2. Acts as a downstream regulator in the ethylene signaling pathway; Belongs to the AP2/ERF transcription factor family. ERF subfamily. (358 aa) |
| | BOR5 | Putative boron transporter 5; Putative boron transporter. Boron is essential for maintaining the integrity of plants cell walls (By similarity). Belongs to the anion exchanger (TC 2.A.31.3) family. (683 aa) |
| | T6H20.60 | Putative cullin-like protein 4; Belongs to the cullin family. (247 aa) |
| | BOR7 | Probable boron transporter 7; Putative boron transporter. Boron is essential for maintaining the integrity of plants cell walls (By similarity). Belongs to the anion exchanger (TC 2.A.31.3) family. (673 aa) |
| | HSFA7A | Heat stress transcription factor A-7a; Transcriptional activator that specifically binds DNA sequence 5'-AGAAnnTTCT-3' known as heat shock promoter elements (HSE). (272 aa) |
| | NIP5-1 | Probable aquaporin NIP5-1; Boric acid transporter. Low water transport activity. Plays an important role as plasma membrane boric acid channel for the boron uptake required for plant growth and development under boron limitation; Belongs to the MIP/aquaporin (TC 1.A.8) family. NIP (TC 1.A.8.12) subfamily. (304 aa) |
| | F16J13.170 | Cullin-like protein 5; Belongs to the cullin family. (434 aa) |
| | HSFB2B | Heat stress transcription factor B-2b; Transcriptional regulator that specifically binds DNA sequence 5'-AGAAnnTTCT-3' known as heat shock promoter elements (HSE). (377 aa) |
| | BOR4 | Boron transporter 4; Efflux-type boron transporter polarly localized in roots. Boron is essential for maintaining the integrity of plants cell walls. Belongs to the anion exchanger (TC 2.A.31.3) family. (683 aa) |
| | F23H11.12 | Cullin-like protein 3; Belongs to the cullin family. (255 aa) |
| | F23H11.11 | Putative cullin-like protein 2; Belongs to the cullin family. (374 aa) |
| | PIP2-6 | Probable aquaporin PIP2-6; Aquaporins facilitate the transport of water and small neutral solutes across cell membranes; Belongs to the MIP/aquaporin (TC 1.A.8) family. PIP (TC 1.A.8.11) subfamily. (289 aa) |
| | CUL3A | Cullin-3A; Component of the cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases (CRL), or CUL3-RBX1-BTB protein E3 ligase complexes which mediate the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. The functional specificity of the CRL complex depends on the BTB domain-containing protein as the susbstrate recognition component. Involved in embryo pattern formation and endosperm development. Required for the normal division and organization of the root stem cells and columella root cap cells. Regulates primary root growth by an unknown pathway, but in an ethylene-dependent manner. F [...] (732 aa) |
| | PQT3 | E3 ubiquitin ligase PARAQUAT TOLERANCE 3; E3 ubiquitin ligase acting as a negative regulator of oxidative stress tolerance, probably by mediating 26S proteasome- mediated degradation of PRMT13/PRMT4B, thus preventing APX1 and GPX1 accumulation via the reduction of histone H3 methylation (H3R17me2a). Confers sensitivity to cadmium CdCl(2) and salt NaCl stresses. (826 aa) |
| | DES1 | Bifunctional cystathionine gamma-lyase/cysteine synthase; Involved in maintaining Cys homeostasis through the desulfuration of L-cysteine. Modulates the generation of the signaling molecule sulfide in plant cytosol. Probably unable to interact with SAT and to form the decameric Cys synthase complex (CSC) and is therefore not an enzymatically true OASTL protein. (323 aa) |
| | ABI2 | Protein phosphatase 2C 77; Repressor of the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway that regulates numerous ABA responses, such as stomatal closure, osmotic water permeability of the plasma membrane (Pos), high light stress, response to glucose, seed germination and inhibition of vegetative growth. During the stomatal closure regulation, modulates the inward calcium-channel permeability as well as H(2)O(2) and oxidative burst in response to ABA and dehydration. Represses GHR1 and, to some extent, SRK2E/OST1, kinases involved in the regulation of SLAC1-dependent stomatal closure. Controls [...] (423 aa) |
| | SULTR2;1 | Sulfate transporter 2.1; Low-affinity H(+)/sulfate cotransporter that may be involved in root-to-shoot translocation of sulfate. Plays a central role in the regulation of sulfate assimilation; Belongs to the SLC26A/SulP transporter (TC 2.A.53) family. (677 aa) |
| | GH3.3 | Indole-3-acetic acid-amido synthetase GH3.3; Catalyzes the synthesis of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-amino acid conjugates, providing a mechanism for the plant to cope with the presence of excess auxin. Strongly reactive with Glu, Gln, Trp, Asp, Ala, Leu, Phe, Gly, Tyr, Met, Ile and Val. Little or no product formation with His, Ser, Thr, Arg, Lys, or Cys. Also active on pyruvic and butyric acid analogs of IAA, PAA and the synthetic auxin naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The two chlorinated synthetic auxin herbicides 2,4-D and 3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid (dicamba) cannot be used as substrates [...] (595 aa) |
| | HDA19 | Histone deacetylase 19; Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes. HDA19 is involved in jasmonic acid and ethylene signaling of pathogen response. Part of a repressor complex including APETALA2 (AP2) and TOPLESS (TPL) that control the expression domains of numerous flora [...] (501 aa) |
| | MSI1 | Histone-binding protein MSI1; Core histone-binding subunit that may target chromatin assembly factors, chromatin remodeling factors and histone deacetylases to their histone substrates in a manner that is regulated by nucleosomal DNA. Component of several complexes which regulate chromatin metabolism. These include the chromatin assembly factor 1 (CAF-1) complex, which is required for chromatin assembly following DNA replication and DNA repair, and the fertilization independent seed (FIS) complex, a polycomb group protein complex which is required to maintain the transcriptionally repr [...] (424 aa) |
| | CIPK11 | CBL-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 11; CIPK serine-threonine protein kinases interact with CBL proteins. Binding of a CBL protein to the regulatory NAF domain of CIPK protein lead to the activation of the kinase in a calcium-dependent manner. Acts as a negative regulator of the plasma membrane proton pump AHA2 by preventing its interaction with 14-3-3 protein. Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family. SNF1 subfamily. (435 aa) |
| | H2B | Histone H2B.6; Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. (150 aa) |
| | SNL3 | Paired amphipathic helix protein Sin3-like 3; Acts as a transcriptional repressor. Interacts with ERF7 to repress genes in abscisic acid and drought stress responses. The heterodimer represses transcription by tethering SNL3 to DNA. (1330 aa) |
| | VAMP711 | Vesicle-associated membrane protein 711; Involved in the targeting and/or fusion of transport vesicles to their target membrane; Belongs to the synaptobrevin family. (219 aa) |
| | JMJ15 | Lysine-specific demethylase JMJ15; Histone demethylase that demethylates 'Lys-4' (H3K4me) of histone H3 with a specific activity for H3K4me3. No activity on H3K4me2, H3K4me1, H3K9me3/2, H3K27me3/2 and H3K36me3/2. Involved in the control of flowering time by demethylating H3K4me3 at the FLC locus and repressing its expression. The repression of FLC level and reduction in H3K4me3 at the FLC locus results in induction of the flowering activator FT, which is a downstream target of FLC. (806 aa) |
| | CIPK6 | CBL-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 6; CIPK serine-threonine protein kinases interact with CBL proteins. Binding of a CBL protein to the regulatory NAF domain of CIPK protein lead to the activation of the kinase in a calcium-dependent manner. Downstream of CBL1, CBL2, CBL3 and CBL9, regulates by phosphorylation the K(+) conductance and uptake of AKT1. Binds to CBL4 to modulate AKT2 activity by promoting a kinase interaction-dependent but phosphorylation-independent translocation of the channel to the plasma membrane. (441 aa) |
| | PYL4 | Abscisic acid receptor PYL4; Receptor for abscisic acid (ABA) required for ABA-mediated responses such as stomatal closure and germination inhibition. Inhibits the activity of group-A protein phosphatases type 2C (PP2Cs) when activated by ABA. Can be activated by both (-)-ABA and (+)-ABA. (207 aa) |
| | HSFA2 | Heat stress transcription factor A-2; Transcriptional activator that specifically binds DNA sequence 5'-AGAAnnTTCT-3' known as heat shock promoter elements (HSE). Involved in heat stress responses. Seems to be involved in other environmental stress responses. Activates ascorbate peroxidase 2 (APX2) in addition to several heat shock protein (HSPs). Belongs to the HSF family. Class A subfamily. (345 aa) |
| | CBL4 | Calcineurin B-like protein 4; Acts as a calcium sensor involved in the regulatory pathway for the control of intracellular Na(+) and K(+) homeostasis and salt tolerance. Binding of a CBL protein to the regulatory NAF domain of a CIPK serine-threonine protein kinase lead to the activation of the kinase in a calcium-dependent manner. Operates in synergy with CIPK24/SOS2 to activate the plasma membrane Na(+)/H(+) antiporter SOS1. Involved in salt stress responses by mediating calcium-dependent microfilament reorganization. The CBL4/CIPK6 complex mediates translocation of AKT2 from the end [...] (222 aa) |
| | CBL1 | Calcineurin B-like protein 1; Acts as a calcium sensor involved in the signaling pathway during growth and development and in response to abiotic stresses. May function as a positive regulator of salt and drought responses and as a negative regulator of cold response. Contributes to the regulation of early stress-related CBF/DREB transcription factors. CBL proteins interact with CIPK serine-threonine protein kinases. Binding of a CBL protein to the regulatory NAF domain of a CIPK protein lead to the activation of the kinase in a calcium-dependent manner. Mediates the activation of AKT1 [...] (213 aa) |
| | HSFA1B | Heat stress transcription factor A-1b; Transcriptional activator that specifically binds DNA sequence 5'-AGAAnnTTCT-3' known as heat shock promoter elements (HSE); Belongs to the HSF family. Class A subfamily. (481 aa) |
| | DREB2A | Dehydration-responsive element-binding protein 2A; Transcriptional activator that binds specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-[AG]CCGAC-3'. Binding to the C-repeat/DRE element mediates high salinity- and dehydration-inducible transcription. Belongs to the AP2/ERF transcription factor family. ERF subfamily. (335 aa) |
| | GH3.1 | Probable indole-3-acetic acid-amido synthetase GH3.1; Catalyzes the synthesis of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-amino acid conjugates, providing a mechanism for the plant to cope with the presence of excess auxin; Belongs to the IAA-amido conjugating enzyme family. (590 aa) |
| | F1I21.19 | Putative cullin-like protein 1; Belongs to the cullin family. (721 aa) |
| | AHA2 | ATPase 2, plasma membrane-type; The plasma membrane H(+) ATPase of plants and fungi generates a proton gradient that drives the active transport of nutrients by H(+)-symport. The resulting external acidification and/or internal alkinization may mediate growth responses. Involved in maintaining the membrane potential and delta-pH, together forming the plasma membrane protonmotive force (PMF) required for root and hypocotyl elongation and root tropism. Important for root growth and development during different nitrogen regimes. Forms a functional cation-translocating unit with CNGC17 tha [...] (948 aa) |
| | KIN2 | Stress-induced protein KIN2. (66 aa) |
| | CLPB1 | Chaperone protein ClpB1; Molecular chaperone that plays an important role in thermotolerance. Together with HSA32, required for long-term acquired thermotolerance (LAT) in plants and naturally high basal thermotolerance observed in germinating seedlings. Belongs to the ClpA/ClpB family. (911 aa) |
| | OASA1 | Cysteine synthase 1; Acts as a major cysteine synthase, probably involved in maintaining organic sulfur level; Belongs to the cysteine synthase/cystathionine beta- synthase family. (322 aa) |
| | ABI1 | Protein phosphatase 2C 56; Key component and repressor of the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway that regulates numerous ABA responses, such as stomatal closure, osmotic water permeability of the plasma membrane (Pos), drought-induced resistance and rhizogenesis, response to glucose, high light stress, seed germination and inhibition of vegetative growth. During the stomatal closure regulation, modulates the inward calcium-channel permeability as well as the actin reorganization in guard cells in response to ABA. Involved in the resistance to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syrin [...] (434 aa) |
| | PP2CA | Protein phosphatase 2C 37; Major negative regulator of abscisic acid (ABA) responses during seed germination and cold acclimation. Confers insensitivity to ABA. Modulates negatively the AKT2/3 activity, which mediates K(+) transport and membrane polarization during stress situations, probably by dephosphorylation. Prevents stomata closure by inactivating the S- type anion efflux channel SLAC1 and its activator SRK2E. Represses KIN10 activity by the specific dephosphorylation of its T-loop Thr-198, leading to a poststress inactivation of SnRK1 signaling. (399 aa) |
| | CLC-A | Chloride channel protein CLC-a; Voltage-gated chloride channel that could play a role in the regulation of nitrate content. (775 aa) |
| | RS41 | Serine/arginine-rich splicing factor RS41; Required for constitutive and alternative pre-mRNA splicing (Probable). Involved in primary miRNA processing and pri-miRNA biogenesis. Binds both intronless and intron-containing pri-miRNAs. (356 aa) |
| | CCA1 | Protein CCA1; Transcription factor involved in the circadian clock and in the phytochrome regulation. Binds to the promoter regions of APRR1/TOC1 and TCP21/CHE to repress their transcription. Binds to the promoter regions of CAB2A and CAB2B to promote their transcription. Represses both LHY and itself. (608 aa) |
| | DREB1B | Dehydration-responsive element-binding protein 1B; Transcriptional activator that binds specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-[AG]CCGAC-3'. Binding to the C-repeat/DRE element mediates cold-inducible transcription. CBF/DREB1 factors play a key role in freezing tolerance and cold acclimation; Belongs to the AP2/ERF transcription factor family. ERF subfamily. (213 aa) |
| | LTI65 | Low-temperature-induced 65 kDa protein; Belongs to the LTI78/LTI65 family. (619 aa) |
| | NPF6.3 | Protein NRT1/ PTR FAMILY 6.3; Dual affinity nitrate transporter. Involved in proton- dependent nitrate uptake and in the regulation of the nitrate transporter NRT2.1. Acts also as a nitrate sensor that trigger a specific signaling pathway stimulating lateral root growth and seed germination. The uptake activity is not required for sensor function. Displays an auxin transport facilitation inhibited by high nitrate concentration. Required to prevent auxin accumulation in preemerged lateral root primordia and young lateral roots when external nitrate concentration is low or null. May be i [...] (590 aa) |
| | RD29A | Low-temperature-induced 78 kDa protein; Involved in responses to abiotic stresses. Regulates probably root elongation in cold conditions ; Belongs to the LTI78/LTI65 family. (710 aa) |
| | JMJ32 | 2-oxoglutarate (2OG) and Fe(II)-dependent oxygenase superfamily protein. (345 aa) |
| | IRT1 | Fe(2+) transport protein 1; High-affinity iron transporter that plays a key role in the uptake of iron from the rhizosphere across the plasma membrane in the root epidermal layer. Acts as the principal regulator of iron homeostasis in planta. Also mediates the heavy metals uptake under iron-deficiency by its ability to transport cobalt, cadmium, manganese and/or zinc ions; Belongs to the ZIP transporter (TC 2.A.5) family. (347 aa) |
| | AKT2 | Potassium channel AKT2/3; Highly selective and weak inward-rectifying potassium channel. Plays a role in both loading and unloading potassium into/from the phloem sap. Seems to control sugar loading into phloem via a voltage-dependent process. Blocked by physiological concentrations of external calcium and by external acidification. May interact with the cytoskeleton or with regulatory proteins. Dephosphorylation by PP2CA not only leads to the inhibition of potassium currents but also to an increase of the voltage-dependence of the channel. Regulated by the CBL4/CIPK6 calcium sensor/pr [...] (802 aa) |
| | FKBP62 | Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP62; PPIases accelerate the folding of proteins. It catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides (By similarity). Co-chaperone that positively modulates thermotolerance by interacting with HSP90.1 and increasing the HSFA2- mediated accumulation of chaperones of the small-HSPs family. (551 aa) |
| | AKT1 | Potassium channel AKT1; Highly selective inward-rectifying potassium channel that mediate potassium uptake by plant roots in response to low K(+) conditions, by a calcium-, CBL-, and CIPK-dependent pathway. Positively regulated by phosphorylation by CIPK23. Negatively regulated by a kinase-independent regulatory mechanism involving a competing direct binding of CBL10. Involved in the stomatal regulation by monitoring the turgor pressure in guard cells. Assuming opened or closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, the channel is activated by hyperpol [...] (857 aa) |
| | MPK3 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3; Involved in oxidative stress-mediated signaling cascade (such as ozone). Involved in the innate immune MAP kinase signaling cascade (MEKK1, MKK4/MKK5 and MPK3/MPK6) downstream of bacterial flagellin receptor FLS2. May be involved in hypersensitive response (HR)-mediated signaling cascade by modulating LIP5 phosphorylation and subsequent multivesicular bodies (MVBs) trafficking. May phosphorylate regulators of WRKY transcription factors. Mediates the phosphorylation of VIP1 and subsequent stress genes transcription in response to Agrobacterium. MKK9-M [...] (370 aa) |
| | MPK6 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase 6; Involved in oxidative stress-mediated signaling cascade (such as ozone). Involved in the innate immune MAP kinase signaling cascade (MEKK1, MKK4/MKK5 and MPK3/MPK6) downstream of bacterial flagellin receptor FLS2. May be involved in hypersensitive response (HR)-mediated signaling cascade by modulating LIP5 phosphorylation and subsequent multivesicular bodies (MVBs) trafficking. May phosphorylate regulators of WRKY transcription factors. Phosphorylates 1-aminocyclopropane-1- carboxylic acid synthases (ACS2 and ACS6) and may be involved in the regulati [...] (395 aa) |
| | KTI1 | Kunitz trypsin inhibitor 1; Exhibits Kunitz trypsin protease inhibitor activity. Belongs to the protease inhibitor I3 (leguminous Kunitz- type inhibitor) family. (209 aa) |
| | SRK2D | Serine/threonine-protein kinase SRK2D; Together with SRK2I, key component and activator of the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway that regulates numerous ABA responses, such as seed germination, Pro accumulation, root growth inhibition, dormancy and seedling growth, and, to a lesser extent, stomatal closure; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (362 aa) |
| | SRK2I | Serine/threonine-protein kinase SRK2I; Together with SRK2D, key component and activator of the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway that regulates numerous ABA responses, such as seed germination, Pro accumulation, root growth inhibition, dormancy and seedling growth, and, to a lesser extent, stomatal closure. (361 aa) |
| | CAX1 | Vacuolar cation/proton exchanger 1; Vacuolar cation/proton exchanger (CAX). Translocates Ca(2+) and other metal ions into vacuoles using the proton gradient formed by H(+)-ATPase and H(+)-pyrophosphatase. Involved in ion homeostasis in association with CAX3. May play a role in cold-acclimation response. Belongs to the Ca(2+):cation antiporter (CaCA) (TC 2.A.19) family. Cation/proton exchanger (CAX) subfamily. (463 aa) |
| | SKP1A | SKP1-like protein 1A; Involved in ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Together with CUL1, RBX1 and a F-box protein, it forms a SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. The functional specificity of this complex depends on the type of F-box protein. In the SCF complex, it serves as an adapter that links the F-box protein to CUL1. SCF(UFO) is required for vegetative and floral organ development as well as for male gametogenesis. SCF(TIR1) is involved in auxin signaling pathway. SCF(COI1) regulates responses to jasmonates. SCF(EID1) and SCF(AFR) are implicate [...] (160 aa) |
| | BOR6 | Probable boron transporter 6; Probable boron transporter. Boron is essential for maintaining the integrity of plants cell walls (By similarity). Belongs to the anion exchanger (TC 2.A.31.3) family. (671 aa) |
| | ZAT12 | Zinc finger protein ZAT12; Transcriptional repressor involved in light acclimation, cold and oxidative stress responses. May regulate a collection of transcripts involved in response to high-light, cold and oxidative stress. (162 aa) |
| | CPK3 | Calcium-dependent protein kinase 3; May play a role in signal transduction pathways that involve calcium as a second messenger. Functions in abscisic acid (ABA) regulation of guard cell S-type anion- and Ca(2+)-permeable channels and stomatal closure. (529 aa) |
| | COR15A | Protein COLD-REGULATED 15A, chloroplastic; Exhibits cryoprotective activity toward stromal substrates (e.g. LDH and rubisco) in chloroplasts and in protoplasts and confers freezing tolerance to plants in a CBF-dependent manner. Protectant against various stresses (e.g. cold, drought and heat stress) by preventing protein aggregation (e.g. LDH) and attenuating enzyme inactivation. Influences the intrinsic curvature of the inner membrane of the chloroplast envelope, and modulates the freeze-induced lamellar-to-hexagonal II phase transitions that occur in regions where the plasma membrane [...] (139 aa) |
| | MYB1 | Transcription factor MYB1. (393 aa) |
| | SWI3B | SWI/SNF complex subunit SWI3B; Component of a multiprotein complex equivalent of the SWI/SNF complex, an ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling complex, which is required for the positive and negative regulation of gene expression of a large number of genes. It changes chromatin structure by altering DNA-histone contacts within a nucleosome, leading eventually to a change in nucleosome position, thus facilitating or repressing binding of gene-specific transcription factors. May play an essential role in the transition from the vegetative to the reproductive phase of development. May be a p [...] (469 aa) |
| | HKT1 | Sodium transporter HKT1; Sodium transporter protein, which plays a central role in plant tolerance to salt. Upon prolongated exposure to high concentrations, Na(+) translocates from the roots to the transpiring leaves where it can increase to toxic level. Involved in Na(+) recirculation from shoots to roots, probably by mediating Na(+) loading into the phloem sap in shoots and unloading in roots, thereby removing large amounts of Na(+) from the shoot. Does not transport K(+) but regulates K(+) nutrient status via its ability to facilitate Na(+) homeostasis. Probably not involved in roo [...] (506 aa) |
| | PRMT13 | Probable histone-arginine methyltransferase 1.3; Methylates (mono- and asymmetric dimethylation) the guanidino nitrogens of arginyl residues in several proteins involved in DNA packaging, transcription regulation, and mRNA stability (By similarity). Recruited to promoters upon gene activation, methylates histone H3 and activates transcription via chromatin remodeling. Positive regulator in the oxidative stress tolerance that promotes the expression of enzymes preventing oxidative stress such as APX1 and GPX1 by histone methylation (H3R17me2a). Confers tolerance to cadmium CdCl(2) and s [...] (535 aa) |
| | CDC25 | Dual specificity phosphatase Cdc25; Tyrosine protein phosphatase that dephosphorylates CDK complex and activate its kinase activity in vitro. Belongs to the MPI phosphatase family. (146 aa) |
| | HDA9 | Histone deacetylase 9; Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes (By similarity); Belongs to the histone deacetylase family. HD type 1 subfamily. (426 aa) |
| | CBL2 | Calcineurin B-like protein 2; Acts as a calcium sensor. CBL proteins interact with CIPK serine-threonine protein kinases. Binding of a CBL protein to the regulatory NAF domain of a CIPK protein lead to the activation of the kinase in a calcium-dependent manner. Binds four calcium ions per subunit. Mediates the activation of AKT1 by CIPK proteins (CIPK6, CIPK16, and CIPK23) in response to low potassium conditions and in the context of stomatal movement. Mediates the inactivation of the proton pump AHA2 by CIPK11. Probably involved in regulating signaling responses to abscisic acid. (226 aa) |
| | RGLG5 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RGLG5; Together with RGLG1, mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of the target protein PP2CA. Functions as positive regulator of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling through ABA-dependent degradation of PP2CA, a major inhibitor of ABA signaling. (433 aa) |
| | CUL4 | Cullin-4; Component of the CUL4-RBX1-CDD (COP10-DDB1a-DET1) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Participates in the CDD complex to light-mediated control of development. May repress photomorphogenesis through enhancing COP1 E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity. Acts together with the CUL4-DDB1-COP1-SPA E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase complexes in the repression of photomorphogenesis and flowering time. Component ot the CUL4-RBX1-DDB1-PRL1 E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase complex which mediates ubiquit [...] (792 aa) |
| | HTR12 | Histone H3-like centromeric protein HTR12; Histone H3-like variant which exclusively replaces conventional H3 in the nucleosome core of centromeric chromatin at the inner plate of the kinetochore. Required for recruitment and assembly of kinetochore proteins, mitotic progression and chromosome segregation. May serve as an epigenetic mark that propagates centromere identity through replication and cell division (By similarity). (178 aa) |
| | JMJ30 | Lysine-specific demethylase JMJ30; Histone demethylase that demethylates 'Lys-36' (H3K36me) of histone H3 with a specific activity for H3K36me3 and H3K36me2. No activity on H3K36me1. Involved in the control of flowering time by demethylating H3K36me2 at the FT locus and repressing its expression. Acts within the central clock. Works in concert with TOC1 to promote the morning-phased clock genes CCA1 and LHY which function as components of the central oscillator. (429 aa) |
| | HDC1 | Zinc finger CCCH domain protein. (918 aa) |
| | HRA1 | Sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor. (431 aa) |
| | NHX5 | Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 5; Involved in trafficking to the vacuole. Required for cell proliferation and cell expansion, but not for cell differentiation. Acts in low affinity electroneutral exchange of protons for cations such as Na(+) or K(+) across membranes. May also exchange Li(+) and Cs(+) with a lower affinity. (521 aa) |
| | BOR1 | Boron transporter 1; Efflux-type boron transporter for xylem loading, responsive of boron translocation from roots to shoots under boron limitation. Under boron excess, BOR1 is transferred from the plasma membrane via the endosomes to the vacuole for degradation. Boron is essential for maintaining the integrity of plants cell walls. Belongs to the anion exchanger (TC 2.A.31.3) family. (704 aa) |
| | CIPK23 | CBL-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 23; CIPK serine-threonine protein kinases interact with CBL proteins. Binding of a CBL protein to the regulatory NAF domain of CIPK protein leads to activation of the kinase in a calcium-dependent manner. Downstream of CBL1, CBL2, CBL3 and CBL9, regulates by phosphorylation the K(+) conductance and uptake of AKT1 in low K(+) condition, in response to calcium signaling and during the stomatal opening regulation by monitoring the turgor pressure in guard cells. In response to low nitrate concentration, phosphorylates NRT1.1, switching it fr [...] (482 aa) |
| | NAC072 | NAC domain-containing protein 72; Transcription factors that bind specifically to the 5'- CATGTG-3' motif. (297 aa) |
| | BOR3 | Probable boron transporter 3; Probable boron transporter. Boron is essential for maintaining the integrity of plants cell walls (By similarity). Belongs to the anion exchanger (TC 2.A.31.3) family. (732 aa) |
| | TIFY9 | Protein TIFY 9; Modulator of growth inhibition. Isoform 2 and isoform 3, but not isoform 1, confer a strong methyl-jasmonate insensitivity. Not involved in the growth response to salicylic acid or indole-3-acetic acid. Isoform 3 acts as an endogenous repressor of JA signal output in JA-stimulated cells ; Belongs to the TIFY/JAZ family. (197 aa) |
| | SRK2E | Serine/threonine-protein kinase SRK2E; Activator of the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway that regulates numerous ABA responses, such as stomata closure in response to drought, darkness, high CO(2), plant pathogens, or decreases in atmospheric relative humidity (RH). Involved in the resistance to drought by avoiding water loss. Required for the stomata closure mediated by pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs) (e.g. flg22 and LPS) of pathogenic bacteria such as P.syringae pv. tomato (Pst) and E.coli O157:H7. As a plant defense process, stomata are closed transiently in order [...] (362 aa) |
| | CUL1 | Cullin-1; Involved in ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Regulator of mitotic processes which plays a role during gametogenesis and embryogenesis. Together with SKP1, RBX1 and a F-box protein, it forms a SCF complex. The functional specificity of this complex depends of the type of F-box protein. SCF(UFO) is implicated in floral organ development. SCF(TIR1) is involved in auxin signaling pathway. SCF(COI1) regulates responses to jasmonates. SCF(EID1) and SCF(AFR) are implicated in phytochrome A light signaling. SCF(ADO1/ZTL), SCF(ADO2/LKP2), SCF(A [...] (738 aa) |
| | HSFB1 | Heat stress transcription factor B-1; Transcriptional regulator that specifically binds DNA sequence 5'-AGAAnnTTCT-3' known as heat shock promoter elements (HSE); Belongs to the HSF family. Class B subfamily. (284 aa) |
| | HAG1 | Histone acetyltransferase GCN5; Acetylates histone H3 and ADA2 proteins in vitro. Acetylates 'Lys-14' of histone H3. Acetylation of histones gives a specific tag for epigenetic transcription activation. Operates in concert with certain DNA-binding transcriptional activators. Acts via the formation of large multiprotein complexes that modify the chromatin (By similarity). Belongs to the acetyltransferase family. GCN5 subfamily. (568 aa) |
| | FREE1 | Protein FREE1; Endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) component regulating multivesicular body (MVB) protein sorting and plant growth. Required for the formation of intra- luminal vesicles (ILVs)in MVBs. Binds to phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PI3P) and ubiquitin. Controls IRT1 recycling to the plasma membrane and impacts the polar delivery of this transporter to the outer plasma membrane domain. Regulates ubiquitin-dependent membrane protein degradation, vacuolar transport, autophagy, and vacuole biogenesis. (601 aa) |
| | ADA2B | Transcriptional adapter ADA2b; Required for the function of some acidic activation domains, which activate transcription from a distant site. The exact mechanism of action is not yet known (By similarity). ADA2 stimulates the acetyltransferase activity of GCN5 on free histones or nucleosomes, probably by opening up the promoter region. Mediates auxin and cytokinin signals in the control of cell proliferation and might be involved in repression of a freezing tolerance pathway at warm temperature. Involved in the positive regulation of salt-induced gene expression by maintaining locus-sp [...] (487 aa) |
| | ABA3 | Molybdenum cofactor sulfurase; Sulfurates the molybdenum cofactor. Sulfation of molybdenum is essential for xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) and aldehyde oxidase (ADO) enzymes in which molybdenum cofactor is liganded by 1 oxygen and 1 sulfur atom in active form. Modulates cold stress- and osmotic stress-responsive gene expression by acting as key regulator of abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis. Belongs to the class-V pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. MOCOS subfamily. (819 aa) |
| | NAC019 | NAC domain-containing protein 19; Transcription factors that bind specifically to the 5'- CATGTG-3' motif. (317 aa) |
| | BZIP8 | Basic leucine zipper 8; Belongs to the bZIP family. (138 aa) |
| | SNX1 | Sorting nexin 1; Plays a role in vesicular protein sorting. Acts at the crossroads between the secretory and endocytic pathways. Is involved in the endosome to vacuole protein transport via its interaction with the BLOS1/2 proteins and, as component of the membrane-associated retromer complex, is also involved in endosome-to-Golgi retrograde transport. Required for the auxin-carrier protein PIN2 sorting to the lytic vacuolar pathway and the trafficking of several plasma membrane proteins. Also involved in the efficient sorting of seed storage protein globulin 12S. (402 aa) |
| | ZEP | Zeaxanthin epoxidase, chloroplastic; Zeaxanthin epoxidase that plays an important role in the xanthophyll cycle and abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis. Converts zeaxanthin into antheraxanthin and subsequently violaxanthin. Required for resistance to osmotic and drought stresses, ABA-dependent stomatal closure, seed development and dormancy, modulation of defense gene expression and disease resistance and non-photochemical quencing (NPQ). Through its role in ABA biosynthesis, regulates the expression of stress-responsive genes such as RD29A during osmotic stress and is required for normal [...] (667 aa) |
| | PYL8 | Abscisic acid receptor PYL8; Receptor for abscisic acid (ABA) required for ABA-mediated responses such as stomatal closure and germination inhibition. Inhibits the activity of group-A protein phosphatases type 2C (PP2Cs) in an ABA- independent manner but more efficiently when activated by ABA. Confers enhanced sensitivity to ABA. Can be activated by both (-)-ABA and (+)-ABA. Mediates crosstalk between ABA and auxin signaling to regulate lateral root growth. Required for lateral root growth suppression by ABA. In response to auxin, promotes lateral root growth by enhancing MYB77- depend [...] (188 aa) |
| | DREB1D | Dehydration-responsive element-binding protein 1D; Transcriptional activator that binds specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-[AG]CCGAC-3'. Binding to the C-repeat/DRE element mediates abscisic acid- and dehydration-inducible transcription. CBF/DREB1 factors play a key role in freezing tolerance and cold acclimation. (224 aa) |
| | GRF7-2 | Growth-regulating factor 7; Transcription activator that plays a role in the regulation of cell expansion in leaf and cotyledons tissues. Component of a network formed by miR396, the GRFs and their interacting factors (GIFs) acting in the regulation of meristem function, at least partially through the control of cell proliferation. (365 aa) |
| | HDA6 | Histone deacetylase 6; Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Might remove acetyl residues only from specific targets, such as rDNA repeats or complex transgenes. Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes. Required for rRNA gene silencing in nucleolar dominance. Plays a role in transgene silencing, but this e [...] (471 aa) |
| | KEG | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase KEG; Mediates E2-dependent protein ubiquitination. Acts as a negative regulator of abscisic acid signaling. Required for ABI5 degradation, by mediating its ubiquitination. Together with EDR1, may regulate endocytic trafficking and/or the formation of signaling complexes on trans-Golgi network (TGN)/ early endosome (EE) vesicles during stress responses. (1625 aa) |
| | CBF5 | H/ACA ribonucleoprotein complex subunit 4; Plays a central role in ribosomal RNA processing. Probable catalytic subunit of H/ACA small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein (H/ACA snoRNP) complex, which catalyzes pseudouridylation of rRNA. This involves the isomerization of uridine such that the ribose is subsequently attached to C5, instead of the normal N1. Pseudouridine ('psi') residues may serve to stabilize the conformation of rRNAs (By similarity); Belongs to the pseudouridine synthase TruB family. (565 aa) |
| | CIPK24 | CBL-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 24; Involved in the regulatory pathway for the control of intracellular Na(+) and K(+) homeostasis and salt tolerance. Activates the vacuolar H(+)/Ca(2+) antiporter CAX1 and operates in synergy with CBL4/SOS3 to activate the plasma membrane Na(+)/H(+) antiporter SOS1. CIPK serine-threonine protein kinases interact with CBL proteins. Binding of a CBL protein to the regulatory NAF domain of CIPK protein lead to the activation of the kinase in a calcium-dependent manner. Phosphorylates CBL1, CBL4 and CBL10. (446 aa) |
| | NAC055 | NAC domain-containing protein 55; Transcription factors that bind specifically to the 5'- CATGTG-3' motif. (317 aa) |
| | AT4G08810.1 | Calcium binding protein involved in cryptochrome and phytochrome coaction. (552 aa) |
| | HSP70-4 | Heat shock 70 kDa protein 4; In cooperation with other chaperones, Hsp70s are key components that facilitate folding of de novo synthesized proteins, assist translocation of precursor proteins into organelles, and are responsible for degradation of damaged protein under stress conditions (Probable). ATP-dependent molecular chaperone that assists folding of unfolded or misfolded proteins under stress conditions. Mediates plastid precursor degradation to prevent cytosolic precursor accumulation, together with the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase CHIP. Recognizes specific sequence motifs in tr [...] (650 aa) |
| | OASA2 | Putative inactive cysteine synthase 2; Belongs to the cysteine synthase/cystathionine beta- synthase family. (188 aa) |
| | COP10 | Constitutive photomorphogenesis protein 10; Component of light signal transduction machinery. Involved in repression of photomorphogenesis in darkness by participating in the CDD complex, a complex probably required to regulate the activity of ubiquitin conjugating enzymes (E2s). Repression of photomorphogenesis is probably mediated by ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of photomorphogenesis-promoting factors such as HY5, HYH and LAF1. Although strongly related to ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, it has no catalytic activity by itself due to the absence of the conserved Cys active [...] (182 aa) |
| | NHX7 | Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 7; Acts in electroneutral exchange of protons for cations such as Na(+) or Li(+) across plasma membrane. Involved in Na(+) and K(+) homeostasis. Required for cytoplasmic Na(+) and Li(+) detoxification by secreting them from the cytoplasm to the extracellular space. Regulates Na(+) content of the xylem sap. Belongs to the monovalent cation:proton antiporter 1 (CPA1) transporter (TC 2.A.36) family. (1146 aa) |
