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DIR11 DIR11 CBP60G CBP60G MGD1 MGD1 PHYA PHYA PHYB PHYB DMT1 DMT1 FAD7 FAD7 ACBP6 ACBP6 NPR1 NPR1 SD17 SD17 TGA4 TGA4 EARLI1 EARLI1 TGA1 TGA1 Q3EB10_ARATH Q3EB10_ARATH DCL2 DCL2 BSMT1 BSMT1 ACS12 ACS12 DTX47 DTX47 GLY1 GLY1 SERK1 SERK1 SAMC1 SAMC1 BAK1 BAK1 WRKY6 WRKY6 SMC2-1 SMC2-1 DCL DCL SARD1 SARD1 FLD FLD DHAR2 DHAR2 FMO1 FMO1 ACS10 ACS10 LOX5 LOX5 DCL3 DCL3 GLPK GLPK SRK2C SRK2C PAD4 PAD4 DGD1 DGD1 ICS1 ICS1 SERK4 SERK4 AZI1 AZI1 EDS1 EDS1 HMGB6 HMGB6 WRKY29 WRKY29 ALD1 ALD1
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proteins of unknown 3D structure
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DIR11Dirigent protein 11; Dirigent proteins impart stereoselectivity on the phenoxy radical-coupling reaction, yielding optically active lignans from two molecules of coniferyl alcohol in the biosynthesis of lignans, flavonolignans, and alkaloids and thus plays a central role in plant secondary metabolism. (193 aa)
CBP60GCalmodulin-binding protein 60 G; Transcription activator that binds DNA in a sequence-specific manner, 5'-GAAATTTTGG-3', to promote the expression of target genes. Recruited to the promoter of ICS1 and other defense-related genes (e.g. PR1, PR2 and EDS5) in response to both biotic (e.g. Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola ES4326, P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000, and microbe- associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) such as flg22) and abiotic stresses (e.g. UV-B, drought and abscisic acid), thus triggering rapid defense responses by stimulating salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis. Involved in b [...] (563 aa)
MGD1Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase 1, chloroplastic; Involved in the synthesis of the major structural component of photosynthetic membranes. Required for proper thylakoid membrane biogenesis. Does not discriminate between prokaryotic (18:1/16:0) or eukaryotic (18:2/18:2) 1,2-diacylglycerol species, but operates with some preference for the prokaryotic one. Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 28 family. (533 aa)
PHYAPhytochrome A; Regulatory photoreceptor which exists in two forms that are reversibly interconvertible by light: the Pr form that absorbs maximally in the red region of the spectrum and the Pfr form that absorbs maximally in the far-red region. Photoconversion of Pr to Pfr induces an array of morphogenetic responses, whereas reconversion of Pfr to Pr cancels the induction of those responses. Pfr controls the expression of a number of nuclear genes including those encoding the small subunit of ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase, chlorophyll A/B binding protein, protochlorophyllide reduct [...] (1122 aa)
PHYBPhytochrome B; Regulatory photoreceptor which exists in two forms that are reversibly interconvertible by light: the Pr form that absorbs maximally in the red region of the spectrum and the Pfr form that absorbs maximally in the far-red region. Photoconversion of Pr to Pfr induces an array of morphogenetic responses, whereas reconversion of Pfr to Pr cancels the induction of those responses. Pfr controls the expression of a number of nuclear genes including those encoding the small subunit of ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase, chlorophyll A/B binding protein, protochlorophyllide reduct [...] (1172 aa)
DMT1DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1; Maintains chromatin CpG methylation that plays a role in genomic imprinting, regulation of embryogenesis and seed viability. Required for proper patterns of CG DNA methylation in dividing cells. Required for MEA promoter methylation in seeds. (1534 aa)
FAD7Sn-2 acyl-lipid omega-3 desaturase (ferredoxin), chloroplastic; Chloroplast omega-3 fatty acid desaturase introduces the third double bond in the biosynthesis of 16:3 and 18:3 fatty acids, important constituents of plant membranes. It is thought to use ferredoxin as an electron donor and to act on fatty acids esterified to galactolipids, sulfolipids and phosphatidylglycerol. (446 aa)
ACBP6Acyl-CoA-binding domain-containing protein 6; Binds medium- and long-chain acyl-CoA esters with very high affinity. May function as an intracellular carrier of acyl-CoA esters. Confers resistance to cold and freezing. Interacts with phosphatidylcholine and derivatives, but not phosphatidic acid and lysophosphatidylcholine. May be involved in phospholipid metabolism. Belongs to the ACBP family. (92 aa)
NPR1Regulatory protein NPR1; May act as a substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase complex (CUL3-RBX1-BTB) which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (By similarity). Key positive regulator of the SA-dependent signaling pathway that negatively regulates JA-dependent signaling pathway. Mediates the binding of TGA factors to the as-1 motif found in the pathogenesis-related PR-1 gene, leading to the transcriptional regulation of the gene defense. Controls the onset of systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Upon SAR induction, [...] (593 aa)
SD17Receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase SD1-7; Involved in the regulation of cellular expansion and differentiation. Mediates subcellular relocalization of PUB9 from nucleus to plasma membrane in a protein-phosphorylation-dependent manner. May be involved in the abscisic acid-mediated signaling pathway, at least during germination. (843 aa)
TGA4Transcription factor TGA4; Transcriptional activator that binds specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-TGACG-3'. Recognizes ocs elements like the as-1 motif of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. Binding to the as-1-like cis elements mediate auxin- and salicylic acid-inducible transcription. May be involved in the induction of the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) via its interaction with NPR1. Could also bind to the Hex-motif (5'- TGACGTGG-3') another cis-acting element found in plant histone promoters. (364 aa)
EARLI1Lipid transfer protein EARLI 1; Probable lipid transfer protein (LTP). May improve freezing survival. Seems to control the flowering process and lignin synthesis. Has an auxiliary role for germinability and early seedling development under low temperature and salt stress conditions, probably in an abscisic acid- (ABA) dependent manner. Confers resistance to Botrytis cinerea and exhibits anti-fungal activity, at least against S.cerevisiae, B. cinerea and Fusarium oxysporum, probably by increasing their membrane permeability. Belongs to the plant LTP family. PEARLI1 subfamily. (168 aa)
TGA1Transcription factor TGA1; Transcriptional activator that binds specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-TGACG-3'. Recognizes ocs elements like the as-1 motif of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. Binding to the as-1-like cis elements mediate auxin- and salicylic acid-inducible transcription. May be involved in the induction of the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) via its interaction with NPR1. Could also bind to the Hex-motif (5'- TGACGTGG-3') another cis-acting element found in plant histone promoters; Belongs to the bZIP family. (368 aa)
Q3EB10_ARATHLyase. (74 aa)
DCL2Endoribonuclease Dicer homolog 2; Ribonuclease (RNase) III involved in RNA-mediated post- transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS). Involved in the processing of natural small interfering RNAs (nat-siRNAs, derived from cis-natural antisense transcripts) by cleaving small dsRNAs into 24 nucleotide nat- siRNAs. Plays an essential role in transitive silencing of transgenes by processing secondary siRNAs. This pathway, which requires DCL4 and RDR6, amplifies silencing by using the target RNA as substrate to generate secondary siRNAs, providing an efficient mechanism for long- distance silenci [...] (1388 aa)
BSMT1Salicylate/benzoate carboxyl methyltransferase; Methyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of methylsalicylate in response to stresses. Utilizes salicylic acid (SA) more efficiently than benzoic acid (BA). Can also use anthranilic acid and m-hydroxybenzoic acid as substrate. (379 aa)
ACS12Probable aminotransferase ACS12; Probable aminotransferase. Does not have 1-aminocyclopropane- 1-carboxylate synthase (ACS) activity, suggesting that it is not involved in ethylene biosynthesis. (495 aa)
DTX47Protein DETOXIFICATION 47, chloroplastic; Functions as a multidrug and toxin extrusion transporter in the export of salicylic acid (SA) from the chloroplast to the cytoplasm. Plays an essential function in plant defense via the pathogen-induced salicylic acid (SA) accumulation. Acts also as a key component of the Age-related resistance (ARR) pathway. (543 aa)
GLY1Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] 2, chloroplastic; Required to supply glycerol-3-phosphate in the chloroplast for the synthesis of glycerolipids. Required for activation of systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Provision of glycerol-3-phosphate may be involved in generating lipid signals necessary for mediating defense responses and SAR. Belongs to the NAD-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase family. (420 aa)
SERK1Somatic embryogenesis receptor kinase 1; Dual specificity kinase acting on both serine/threonine- and tyrosine-containing substrates. Phosphorylates BRI1 on 'Ser-887' and CDC48 on at least one threonine residue and on 'Ser-41'. Confers embryogenic competence. Acts redundantly with SERK2 as a control point for sporophytic development controlling male gametophyte production. Involved in the brassinolide signaling pathway. (625 aa)
SAMC1S-adenosylmethionine carrier 1, chloroplastic/mitochondrial; Transporter involved in exchange reactions through membranes. Has a low uniporter activity. Specifically mediates the transport of S- adenosylmethionine (SAM) and its closest analogs. Probably involved in the uptake of SAM in exchange for S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAHC), which is produced from SAM in the mitochondrial matrix and plastidial stroma by methyltransferase activities; Belongs to the mitochondrial carrier (TC 2.A.29) family. (325 aa)
BAK1BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1-associated receptor kinase 1; Dual specificity kinase acting on both serine/threonine- and tyrosine-containing substrates. Controls the expression of genes associated with innate immunity in the absence of pathogens or elicitors. Involved in brassinosteroid (BR) signal transduction. Phosphorylates BRI1. May be involved in changing the equilibrium between plasma membrane-located BRI1 homodimers and endocytosed BRI1- BAK1 heterodimers. Interaction with MSBP1 stimulates the endocytosis of BAK1 and suppresses brassinosteroid signaling. Acts in pathogen- associ [...] (615 aa)
WRKY6WRKY transcription factor 6; Transcription factor involved in the control of processes related to senescence and pathogen defense. Interacts specifically with the W box (5'-(T)TGAC[CT]-3'), a frequently occurring elicitor-responsive cis-acting element. Activates the transcription of the SIRK gene and represses its own expression and that of the WRKY42 genes. Modulates phosphate homeostasis and Pi translocation by regulating PHO1 expression ; Belongs to the WRKY group II-b family. (553 aa)
SMC2-1Structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 2-1; Central component of the condensin complex, a complex required for conversion of interphase chromatin into mitotic-like condense chromosomes. The condensin complex probably introduces positive supercoils into relaxed DNA in the presence of type I topoisomerases and converts nicked DNA into positive knotted forms in the presence of type II topoisomerases. Also involved in chromosome segregation in meiosis. (1175 aa)
DCLProtein DCL homolog, chloroplastic; Required for normal plastid function and plant development. Required for correct plastid ribosome assembly. Required for processing and maturation of 4.5S rRNA. (219 aa)
SARD1Protein SAR DEFICIENT 1; Transcription activator that binds DNA in a sequence-specific manner, 5'-GAAATTTTGG-3', to promote the expression of target genes. Recruited to the promoter of ICS1 and other defense-related genes (e.g. PR1 and SID2) in response to both biotic (e.g. Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola ES4326) and abiotic stresses (e.g. UV-B), thus triggering slow defense responses by stimulating salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis. Required for basal and systemic acquired resistance to P. syringae pv. maculicola and Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis. Belongs to the plant ACBP60 prote [...] (451 aa)
FLDProtein FLOWERING LOCUS D; Probable histone demethylase that promotes flowering independently of the photoperiod and vernalization pathways by repressing FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), a floral repressor that blocks the transition from vegetative to reproductive development. Probably mediates histone H3 'Lys-4' demethylation at FLC locus. Seems to act in partial redundancy with LDL1 and LDL2 to repress FLC expression. Required for histone H4 deacetylation of FLC locus. May be a component of the histone deacetylase complex. (789 aa)
DHAR2Glutathione S-transferase DHAR2; Displays a dual function. As a soluble protein, exhibits glutathione-dependent thiol transferase and dehydroascorbate (DHA) reductase activities. Exhibits glutathione-dependent thiol transferase and dehydroascorbate (DHA) reductase activities. Key component of the ascorbate recycling system. Involved in the redox homeostasis, especially in scavenging of ROS under oxidative stresses. Plays a role in ozone tolerance; Belongs to the GST superfamily. DHAR family. (213 aa)
FMO1Probable flavin-containing monooxygenase 1; Required for the establishment of systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Not involved in local defense mechanisms. Confers a salicylic acid-dependent (SA) resistance to virulent pathogens such as P.syringae pv tomato and H.parasitica. (530 aa)
ACS10Probable aminotransferase ACS10; Probable aminotransferase. Does not have 1-aminocyclopropane- 1-carboxylate synthase (ACS) activity, suggesting that it is not involved in ethylene biosynthesis. (557 aa)
LOX5Linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase 5; 9S-lipoxygenase that can use linoleic acid or linolenic acid as substrates. Plant lipoxygenases may be involved in a number of diverse aspects of plant physiology including growth and development, pest resistance, and senescence or responses to wounding. Catalyzes the hydroperoxidation of lipids containing a cis,cis-1,4-pentadiene structure. Function as regulators of root development by controlling the emergence of lateral roots. (886 aa)
DCL3Endoribonuclease Dicer homolog 3; Ribonuclease (RNase) III involved in RNA-mediated post- transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS). Involved in the processing of repeat-associated small interfering RNAs (ra-siRNAs, derived from heterochromatin and DNA repeats such as transposons) by cleaving small dsRNAs into 24 nucleotide ra-siRNAs. Plays a role in antiviral RNA silencing. Involved in the production of viral siRNAs derived from the cabbage leaf curl virus (CaLCuV) and tobacco rattle virus (TRV). Targeted by the viral silencing suppressor (VSR) protein 2b of the cucumber mosaic virus (CMV [...] (1580 aa)
GLPKGlycerol kinase; Key enzyme in the regulation of glycerol uptake and metabolism. Required for resistance to nonhost Pseudomonas bacteria and to the pathogenic fungus B.cinerea. (522 aa)
SRK2CSerine/threonine-protein kinase SRK2C; Involved in gene regulation and confers tolerance to drought and osmotic stress; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (343 aa)
PAD4Lipase-like PAD4; Probable lipase required downstream of MPK4 for accumulation of the plant defense-potentiating molecule, salicylic acid, thus contributing to the plant innate immunity against invasive biotrophic pathogens and to defense mechanisms upon recognition of microbe- associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). Participates in the regulation of various molecular and physiological processes that influence fitness. Together with SG101, required for programmed cell death (PCD) triggered by NBS-LRR resistance proteins (e.g. RPS4, RPW8.1 and RPW8.2) in response to the fungal toxin fumo [...] (541 aa)
DGD1Digalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase 1, chloroplastic; Involved in the synthesis of diacylglycerol galactolipids that are specifically found in thylakoid membranes. Specific for alpha- glycosidic linkages. Responsible for the final assembly of galactolipids in photosynthetic membranes. Digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) provides stability to the photosystem I (PSI) complex, especially to the PsaA, PsaB, PsaC, PsaL and PsaH subunits. Belongs to the glycosyltransferase group 1 family. Glycosyltransferase 4 subfamily. (808 aa)
ICS1Isochorismate synthase 1, chloroplastic; Involved in the synthesis of salicylic acid (SA) required for both local and systemic acquired resistance (LAR and SAR) while SA synthesized through the phenylalanine ammonium lyase (PAL) pathway seems to potentiate plant cell death. Also involved in phylloquinone (vitamin K1) synthesis. Has no isochorismate pyruvate lyase (IPL) activity. (569 aa)
SERK4Somatic embryogenesis receptor kinase 4; Dual specificity kinase acting on both serine/threonine- and tyrosine-containing substrates. Positively regulates the BR-dependent plant growth pathway and negatively regulates the BR-independent cell- death pathway. (620 aa)
AZI1pEARLI1-like lipid transfer protein 1; Probable lipid transfer protein (LTP). Seems to control the flowering process and lignin synthesis. Together with DIR1, required for glycerol-3-phosphate- (G3P) and azelaic acid- (AA) induced systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Component of plant systemic immunity involved in priming defenses in a AA-dependent manner, by modulating production and/or translocation of a mobile signal(s) during SAR. Confers resistance to Botrytis cinerea and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 and PmaDG3. May be involved in induced systemic resistance (ISR) mediat [...] (161 aa)
EDS1Protein EDS1; Positive regulator of basal resistance and of effector- triggered immunity specifically mediated by TIR-NB-LRR (TNL) resistance proteins. Disruption by bacterial effector of EDS1-TIR-NB-LRR resistance protein interactions constitutes the first step in resistance activation. Acts redundantly with salicylic acid to regulate resistance gene-mediated signaling. Triggers early plant defenses and hypersensitive response independently of PAD4, and then recruits PAD4 to potentiate plant defenses through the accumulation of salicylic acid. Nuclear localization is essential for bas [...] (623 aa)
HMGB6High mobility group B protein 6. (456 aa)
WRKY29Probable WRKY transcription factor 29; Transcription factor involved in the expression of defense genes in innate immune response of plants. Interacts specifically with the W box (5'-(T)TGAC[CT]-3'), a frequently occurring elicitor- responsive cis-acting element. Activates WRKY 22, SIRK and its own promoters; Belongs to the WRKY group II-e family. (304 aa)
ALD1Aminotransferase ALD1, chloroplastic; Aminotransferase involved in local and systemic acquired resistance (SAR) to the bacterial pathogen P.syringae. Required for salicylic acid (SA) and camalexin accumulation upon pathogen infection. Possesses aminotransferase activity in vitro and may generate amino- acid-derived defense signals in vivo. May be involved in ethylene- induced senescence signaling. Involved in the biosynthesis of pipecolate (Pip), a metabolite that orchestrates defense amplification, positive regulation of SA biosynthesis, and priming to guarantee effective local resist [...] (456 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Arabidopsis thaliana
NCBI taxonomy Id: 3702
Other names: A. thaliana, Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh., mouse-ear cress, thale cress, thale-cress
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