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| | F1C9.19 | Transferase. (666 aa) |
| | F11I4.15 | Auxin-responsive GH3 family protein. (576 aa) |
| | F13F21.31 | DNA ligase. (657 aa) |
| | F5A9.20 | S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferases superfamily protein. (291 aa) |
| | T22N19.10 | Auxin-responsive GH3 family protein. (672 aa) |
| | T22N19.30 | Auxin-responsive GH3 family protein. (624 aa) |
| | T29J13.130 | Histidine containing phosphotransfer protein. (114 aa) |
| | GH3.3 | Indole-3-acetic acid-amido synthetase GH3.3; Catalyzes the synthesis of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-amino acid conjugates, providing a mechanism for the plant to cope with the presence of excess auxin. Strongly reactive with Glu, Gln, Trp, Asp, Ala, Leu, Phe, Gly, Tyr, Met, Ile and Val. Little or no product formation with His, Ser, Thr, Arg, Lys, or Cys. Also active on pyruvic and butyric acid analogs of IAA, PAA and the synthetic auxin naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The two chlorinated synthetic auxin herbicides 2,4-D and 3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid (dicamba) cannot be used as substrates [...] (595 aa) |
| | EIN3 | Protein ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 3; Probable transcription factor acting as a positive regulator in the ethylene response pathway. Is required for ethylene responsiveness in adult plant tissues. Binds a primary ethylene response element present in the ETHYLENE-RESPONSE-FACTOR1 promoter with consequence to activate the transcription of this gene. (628 aa) |
| | EXPA4 | Expansin-A4; Causes loosening and extension of plant cell walls by disrupting non-covalent bonding between cellulose microfibrils and matrix glucans. No enzymatic activity has been found (By similarity). (257 aa) |
| | T26J12.7 | Auxin-responsive GH3 family protein. (578 aa) |
| | CCOAOMT1 | Caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase 1; Methylates caffeoyl-CoA to feruloyl-CoA. Has a very low activity with caffeic acid and esculetin. Involved in scopoletin biosynthesis in roots; Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Cation-dependent O-methyltransferase family. CCoAMT subfamily. (259 aa) |
| | ACX2 | Acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 2, peroxisomal; Catalyzes the desaturation of long-chain acyl-CoAs to 2- trans-enoyl-CoAs. Active on substrates longer than C14 and mostly with C18-CoA. Activity on long-chain mono-unsaturated substrates is double than with the corresponding saturated substrates. (692 aa) |
| | ACX1 | Peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1; Catalyzes the desaturation of both long- and medium-chain acyl-CoAs to 2-trans-enoyl-CoAs. Most active with C14-CoA. Activity on long-chain mono-unsaturated substrates is 40% higher than with the corresponding saturated substrates. Seems to be an important factor in the general metabolism of root tips. May be involved in the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid. (664 aa) |
| | GH3.5 | Indole-3-acetic acid-amido synthetase GH3.5; Catalyzes the synthesis of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-amino acid conjugates, providing a mechanism for the plant to cope with the presence of excess auxin. Strongly reactive with Glu, Gln, Trp, Asp, Ala, Leu, Phe, Gly, Tyr, Met, Ile and Val. Little or no product formation with His, Ser, Thr, Arg, Lys, or Cys. Also active on pyruvic and butyric acid analogs of IAA, PAA and the synthetic auxin naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The two chlorinated synthetic auxin herbicides 2,4-D and 3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid (dicamba) cannot be used as substrates [...] (612 aa) |
| | GH3.9 | Putative indole-3-acetic acid-amido synthetase GH3.9; Catalyzes the synthesis of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-amino acid conjugates, providing a mechanism for the plant to cope with the presence of excess auxin; Belongs to the IAA-amido conjugating enzyme family. (585 aa) |
| | GH3.1 | Probable indole-3-acetic acid-amido synthetase GH3.1; Catalyzes the synthesis of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-amino acid conjugates, providing a mechanism for the plant to cope with the presence of excess auxin; Belongs to the IAA-amido conjugating enzyme family. (590 aa) |
| | ACX3 | Acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 3, peroxisomal; Catalyzes the desaturation of medium-chain acyl-CoAs to 2- trans-enoyl-CoAs. Active on C8:0- to C14:0-CoA with a maximal activity on C12:0-CoA. (675 aa) |
| | F3E22.17 | Putative acyl-coenzyme A oxidase At3g06690. (187 aa) |
| | A1 | Elongation factor 1-alpha 1; This protein promotes the GTP-dependent binding of aminoacyl- tRNA to the A-site of ribosomes during protein biosynthesis. (449 aa) |
| | SAM1 | S-adenosylmethionine synthase 1; Catalyzes the formation of S-adenosylmethionine from methionine and ATP. The reaction comprises two steps that are both catalyzed by the same enzyme: formation of S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) and triphosphate, and subsequent hydrolysis of the triphosphate; Belongs to the AdoMet synthase family. (393 aa) |
| | GAPC1 | Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase GAPC1, cytosolic; Key enzyme in glycolysis that catalyzes the first step of the pathway by converting D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) into 3- phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate. Essential for the maintenance of cellular ATP levels and carbohydrate metabolism. Required for full fertility. Involved in response to oxidative stress by mediating plant responses to abscisic acid (ABA) and water deficits through the activation of PLDDELTA and production of phosphatidic acid (PA), a multifunctional stress signaling lipid in plants. Associates with FBA6 to [...] (338 aa) |
| | PR5 | Pathogenesis-related protein 5; Partially responsible for acquired pathogen resistance. (239 aa) |
| | PAL1 | Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 1; This is a key enzyme of plant metabolism catalyzing the first reaction in the biosynthesis from L-phenylalanine of a wide variety of natural products based on the phenylpropane skeleton; Belongs to the PAL/histidase family. (725 aa) |
| | PSY1 | Phytoene synthase, chloroplastic; Catalyzes the reaction from prephytoene diphosphate to phytoene; Belongs to the phytoene/squalene synthase family. (422 aa) |
| | LOX2 | Lipoxygenase 2, chloroplastic; 13S-lipoxygenase that can use linolenic acid as substrates. Plant lipoxygenases may be involved in a number of diverse aspects of plant physiology including growth and development, pest resistance, and senescence or responses to wounding. Catalyzes the hydroperoxidation of lipids containing a cis,cis-1,4-pentadiene structure. Required for the wound-induced synthesis of jasmonic acid (JA) in leaves. (896 aa) |
| | HEL | Hevein-like preproprotein; Fungal growth inhibitors. Neither CB-HEL nor CD-HEL have chitinase activity, but both have antimicrobial activities. CD-HEL has RNase, but no DNase activity. (212 aa) |
| | PAL2 | Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 2; This is a key enzyme of plant metabolism catalyzing the first reaction in the biosynthesis from L-phenylalanine of a wide variety of natural products based on the phenylpropane skeleton; Belongs to the PAL/histidase family. (717 aa) |
| | PAL3 | Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 3; This is a key enzyme of plant metabolism catalyzing the first reaction in the biosynthesis from L-phenylalanine of a wide variety of natural products based on the phenylpropane skeleton. (694 aa) |
| | NPR1 | Regulatory protein NPR1; May act as a substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase complex (CUL3-RBX1-BTB) which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (By similarity). Key positive regulator of the SA-dependent signaling pathway that negatively regulates JA-dependent signaling pathway. Mediates the binding of TGA factors to the as-1 motif found in the pathogenesis-related PR-1 gene, leading to the transcriptional regulation of the gene defense. Controls the onset of systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Upon SAR induction, [...] (593 aa) |
| | CTR1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase CTR1; Acts as a negative regulator in the ethylene response pathway. Phosphorylates the cytosolic C-terminal domain of EIN2, preventing the signaling in the absence of ethylene. (821 aa) |
| | ACO4 | 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase 4; Enzyme involved in the ethylene biosynthesis. May promote stem elongation by maximizing the extensibility cells, possibly by activating ethylene biosynthesis, in response to very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs C20:0 to C30:0); Belongs to the iron/ascorbate-dependent oxidoreductase family. (323 aa) |
| | MPK3 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3; Involved in oxidative stress-mediated signaling cascade (such as ozone). Involved in the innate immune MAP kinase signaling cascade (MEKK1, MKK4/MKK5 and MPK3/MPK6) downstream of bacterial flagellin receptor FLS2. May be involved in hypersensitive response (HR)-mediated signaling cascade by modulating LIP5 phosphorylation and subsequent multivesicular bodies (MVBs) trafficking. May phosphorylate regulators of WRKY transcription factors. Mediates the phosphorylation of VIP1 and subsequent stress genes transcription in response to Agrobacterium. MKK9-M [...] (370 aa) |
| | GA3OX1 | Gibberellin 3-beta-dioxygenase 1; Converts the inactive gibberellin (GA) precursors GA9 and GA20 in the bioactives gibberellins GA4 and GA1. Involved in the production of bioactive GA for vegetative growth and development. Belongs to the iron/ascorbate-dependent oxidoreductase family. GA3OX subfamily. (358 aa) |
| | GA20OX1 | Gibberellin 20 oxidase 1; Key oxidase enzyme in the biosynthesis of gibberellin that catalyzes the conversion of GA12 and GA53 to GA9 and GA20 respectively, via a three-step oxidation at C-20 of the GA skeleton. GA53 is less effectively oxidized than GA12, and GA25 is also formed as a minor product. Involved in the promotion of the floral transition, fertility and silique elongation, but plays only a minor role in elongation of seedling organs. Acts redundantly with GA20OX2. Belongs to the iron/ascorbate-dependent oxidoreductase family. GA20OX subfamily. (377 aa) |
| | GA20OX2 | Gibberellin 20 oxidase 2; Key oxidase enzyme in the biosynthesis of gibberellin that catalyzes the conversion of GA12 and GA53 to GA9 and GA20 respectively, via a three-step oxidation at C-20 of the GA skeleton. GA53 is less effectively oxidized than GA12, and GA25 is also formed as a minor product. Involved in the promotion of the floral transition, fertility and silique elongation, but plays only a minor role in elongation of seedling organs. Acts redundantly with GA20OX1. (378 aa) |
| | GA20OX3 | Gibberellin 20 oxidase 3; Key oxidase enzyme in the biosynthesis of gibberellin that catalyzes the conversion of GA12 and GA53 to GA9 and GA20 respectively, via a three-step oxidation at C-20 of the GA skeleton. GA53 is less effectively oxidized than GA12, and GA25 is also formed as a minor product; Belongs to the iron/ascorbate-dependent oxidoreductase family. GA20OX subfamily. (380 aa) |
| | MYC2 | Transcription factor MYC2; Transcriptional activator. Common transcription factor of light, abscisic acid (ABA), and jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathways. With MYC3 and MYC4, controls additively subsets of JA-dependent responses. In cooperation with MYB2 is involved in the regulation of ABA-inducible genes under drought stress conditions. Can form complexes with all known glucosinolate-related MYBs to regulate glucosinolate biosynthesis. Binds to the MYC recognition site (5'-CACATG-3'), and to the G-box (5'-CACNTG-3') and Z-box (5'-ATACGTGT-3') of promoters. Binds directly to the prom [...] (623 aa) |
| | 4CL1 | 4-coumarate--CoA ligase 1; Produces CoA thioesters of a variety of hydroxy- and methoxy- substituted cinnamic acids, which are used to synthesize several phenylpropanoid-derived compounds, including anthocyanins, flavonoids, isoflavonoids, coumarins, lignin, suberin and wall-bound phenolics; Belongs to the ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family. (561 aa) |
| | ACO1 | Aconitate hydratase 1; Catalyzes the isomerization of citrate to isocitrate via cis- aconitate. Contributes to oxidative stress tolerance. May have a role in respiration. Belongs to the aconitase/IPM isomerase family. (898 aa) |
| | LIG1 | DNA ligase 1; Essential protein. DNA ligase that seals nicks in double- stranded DNA during DNA replication, DNA recombination and DNA repair. Involved in repair of both single strand breaks (SSBs) and double strand breaks (DSBs). Required in the endosperm for embryogenesis, probably to repair DNA-breaks generated by DME. (790 aa) |
| | GAPCP2 | Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase GAPCP2, chloroplastic; Involved in plastidial glycolytic pathway and plays a specific role in glycolytic energy production in non-green plastids and chloroplasts. Essential for breakdown of starch to form sucrose for export to non-photosynthetic tissues, and to generate primary metabolites for anabolic pathways such as fatty acid and amino acid synthesis. Plays an important role in plant development by providing substrates for the phosphorylated pathway of serine biosynthesis in roots. Plays a crucial role in pollen development. Functionally red [...] (420 aa) |
| | NPR4 | Regulatory protein NPR4; May act as a substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase complex (CUL3-RBX1-BTB) which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (By similarity). Involved in the regulation of basal defense responses against pathogens, and may be implicated in the cross-talk between the SA- and JA-dependent signaling pathways. (574 aa) |
| | TFIIIA | Transcription factor IIIA; Essential protein. Isoform 1 is a transcription activator the binds both 5S rDNA and 5S rRNA and stimulates the transcription of 5S rRNA gene. Isoform 1 regulates 5S rRNA levels during development. (412 aa) |
| | 4CLL9 | 4-coumarate--CoA ligase-like 9; Contributes to jasmonic acid biosynthesis by initiating the beta-oxidative chain shortening of its precursors. Converts 12-oxo- phytodienoic acid (OPDA) into OPDA-CoA; Belongs to the ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family. (562 aa) |
| | 4CLL6 | 4-coumarate--CoA ligase-like 6; Belongs to the ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family. (566 aa) |
| | RGL2 | DELLA protein RGL2; Probable transcriptional regulator that acts as a repressor of the gibberellin (GA) signaling pathway. No effect of the BOI proteins on its stability. Probably acts by participating in large multiprotein complexes that repress transcription of GA-inducible genes. Upon GA application, it is degraded by the proteasome, allowing the GA signaling pathway. Acts as a major GA-response repressor of seed germination, including seed thermoinhibition. Promotes the biosynthesis of abscisic acid (ABA), especially in seed coats to maintain seed dormancy. Delays flowering and adu [...] (547 aa) |
| | GH3.15 | Indole-3-acetic acid-amido synthetase GH3.15; Indole-3-acetic acid-amido (IAA) synthetase that catalyzes the conjugation of amino acids to auxin specifically using the auxin precursor indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and glutamine and, possibly, cysteine as substrates. Displays high catalytic activity with the auxinic phenoxyalkanoic acid herbicides 4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid (2,4-DB) and to some extent 2,4-dichlorophenoxylacetic acid (2,4-D) as substrates, thus confering resistance to herbicides. Belongs to the IAA-amido conjugating enzyme family. (595 aa) |
| | NPR3 | Regulatory protein NPR3; May act as a substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase complex (CUL3-RBX1-BTB) which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (By similarity). Involved in the regulation of basal defense responses against pathogens. (586 aa) |
| | IAA26 | Auxin-responsive protein IAA26; Aux/IAA proteins are short-lived transcriptional factors that function as repressors of early auxin response genes at low auxin concentrations. Repression is thought to result from the interaction with auxin response factors (ARFs), proteins that bind to the auxin- responsive promoter element (AuxRE). Formation of heterodimers with ARF proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. (269 aa) |
| | RPL5A | 60S ribosomal protein L5-1; Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell. The small ribosomal subunit (SSU) binds messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates the encoded message by selecting cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. The large subunit (LSU) contains the ribosomal catalytic site termed the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, thereby polymerizing the amino acids delivered by tRNAs into a polypeptide chain. The nascent polypeptides leave the ribosome throug [...] (301 aa) |
| | RCCR | Red chlorophyll catabolite reductase, chloroplastic; Catalyzes the key reaction of chlorophyll catabolism, porphyrin macrocycle cleavage of pheophorbide a (pheide a) to a primary fluorescent catabolite (pFCC). Works in a two-step reaction with pheophorbide a oxygenase (PaO) by reducing the C20/C1 double bond of the intermediate, RCC. Belongs to the chlorophyll catabolic enzymes (CCEs). (319 aa) |
| | PIF4 | Transcription factor PIF4; Transcription factor acting negatively in the phytochrome B signaling pathway. May regulate the expression of a subset of genes involved in cell expansion by binding to the G-box motif (By similarity). Activated by CRY1 and CRY2 in response to low blue light (LBL) by direct binding at chromatin on E-box variant 5'-CA[CT]GTG-3' to stimulate specific gene expression to adapt global physiology (e.g. hypocotyl elongation in low blue light). Belongs to the bHLH protein family. (430 aa) |
| | MLP423 | MLP-like protein 423; Belongs to the MLP family. (155 aa) |
| | BIB | Zinc finger protein BALDIBIS; Transcription factor that, together with JKD, regulates tissue boundaries and asymmetric cell division in roots by a rapid up- regulation of 'SCARECROW' (SCR), thus controlling the nuclear localization of 'SHORT-ROOT' (SHR) and restricting its action. Confines CYCD6 expression to the cortex-endodermis initial/daughter (CEI/CEID) tissues. Binds DNA via its zinc fingers. Recognizes and binds to SCL3 promoter sequence 5'-AGACAA-3' to promotes its expression when in complex with RGA. (446 aa) |
| | AUX1 | Auxin transporter protein 1; Carrier protein involved in proton-driven auxin influx. Mediates the formation of auxin gradient from developing leaves (site of auxin biosynthesis) to tips by contributing to the loading of auxin in vascular tissues and facilitating acropetal (base to tip) auxin transport within inner tissues of the root apex, and basipetal (tip to base) auxin transport within outer tissues of the root apex. Unloads auxin from the mature phloem to deliver the hormone to the root meristem via the protophloem cell files. Coordinated subcellular localization of AUX1 is regula [...] (485 aa) |
| | ACX4 | Acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 4, peroxisomal; Catalyzes the desaturation of short-chain acyl-CoAs to 2- trans-enoyl-CoAs. Active on butyryl-CoA (C4), hexanoyl-CoA (C6), and octanoyl-CoA (C8). Has no activity as acyl-CoA dehydrogenase or on crotonyl-CoA (an unsaturated C4:1 carbocyclic ester) or glutaryl-CoA (a dicarboxylic ester). (436 aa) |
| | EXPA1 | Expansin-A1; Causes loosening and extension of plant cell walls by disrupting non-covalent bonding between cellulose microfibrils and matrix glucans. No enzymatic activity has been found (By similarity). Belongs to the expansin family. Expansin A subfamily. (250 aa) |
| | T25K17.30 | Probable caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase At4g26220; Methylates caffeoyl-CoA to feruloyl-CoA and 5- hydroxyferuloyl-CoA to sinapoyl-CoA. Plays a role in the synthesis of feruloylated polysaccharides. Involved in the reinforcement of the plant cell wall. Also involved in the responding to wounding or pathogen challenge by the increased formation of cell wall-bound ferulic acid polymers (By similarity); Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Cation-dependent O-methyltransferase family. CCoAMT subfamily. (232 aa) |
| | F11I4.14 | Auxin-responsive GH3 family protein. (525 aa) |
| | RGL1 | DELLA protein RGL1; Probable transcriptional regulator that acts as a repressor of the gibberellin (GA) signaling pathway. No effect of the BOI proteins on its stability. Probably acts by participating in large multiprotein complexes that repress transcription of GA-inducible genes. Has overlapping but distinct roles in GA signaling compared to RGA and GAI. Regulates the floral development. May also participate in seed germination and in ovule and anther development. Its activity is probably regulated by other phytohormones such as auxin and ethylene. (511 aa) |
| | CCOAMT | Putative caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase At1g67980; Methylates caffeoyl-CoA to feruloyl-CoA and 5- hydroxyferuloyl-CoA to sinapoyl-CoA. Plays a role in the synthesis of feruloylated polysaccharides. Involved in the reinforcement of the plant cell wall. Also involved in the responding to wounding or pathogen challenge by the increased formation of cell wall-bound ferulic acid polymers (By similarity). (232 aa) |
| | BZIP8 | Basic leucine zipper 8; Belongs to the bZIP family. (138 aa) |
| | LOX6 | Lipoxygenase 6, chloroplastic; Plant lipoxygenases may be involved in a number of diverse aspects of plant physiology including growth and development, pest resistance, and senescence or responses to wounding. Catalyzes the hydroperoxidation of lipids containing a cis,cis-1,4-pentadiene structure (By similarity). 13S-lipoxygenase that can use linolenic acid as substrates. (917 aa) |
| | K17N15.2 | Auxin-responsive GH3 family protein. (581 aa) |
| | CHLH | Magnesium-chelatase subunit ChlH, chloroplastic; Multifunctional protein involved in chlorophyll synthesis, plastid-to-nucleus retrograde signaling and abscisic acid (ABA) perception. In chlorophyll synthesis, catalyzes the insertion of magnesium ion into protoporphyrin IX to yield Mg-protoporphyrin IX. The reaction takes place in two steps, with an ATP-dependent activation followed by an ATP-dependent chelation step. In addition to its function in the Mg-chelatase enzyme, is required for the plastid-to- nucleus retrograde signaling. The plastid-to-nucleus signal plays an important rol [...] (1381 aa) |
| | LOX4 | Lipoxygenase 4, chloroplastic; Plant lipoxygenases may be involved in a number of diverse aspects of plant physiology including growth and development, pest resistance, and senescence or responses to wounding. Catalyzes the hydroperoxidation of lipids containing a cis,cis-1,4-pentadiene structure (By similarity). 13S-lipoxygenase that can use linolenic acid as substrates. (926 aa) |
| | OPR3 | 12-oxophytodienoate reductase 3, N-terminally processed; Specifically cleaves olefinic bonds in cyclic enones. Involved in the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid (JA) and perhaps in biosynthesis or metabolism of other oxylipin signaling moleclules. Required for the spatial and temporal regulation of JA levels during dehiscence of anthers, promoting the stomium degeneration program. In vitro, reduces 9S,13S-12- oxophytodienoic acid (9S,13S-OPDA) and 9R,13R-OPDA to 9S,13S-OPC-8:0 and 9R,13R-OPC-8:0, respectively. Can detoxify the explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in vitro by catalyzing it [...] (391 aa) |
| | GAPC2 | Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase GAPC2, cytosolic; Key enzyme in glycolysis that catalyzes the first step of the pathway by converting D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) into 3- phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate. Essential for the maintenance of cellular ATP levels and carbohydrate metabolism (By similarity). Binds DNA in vitro. (338 aa) |
| | PAO | Pheophorbide a oxygenase, chloroplastic; Catalyzes the key reaction of chlorophyll catabolism, porphyrin macrocycle cleavage of pheophorbide a (pheide a) to a primary fluorescent catabolite (pFCC). Works in a two-step reaction with red chlorophyll catabolite reductase (RCCR). Creates the intermediate RCC through the opening of the porphyrin macrocycle by the introduction of one atom of molecular oxygen at the alpha-methine bridge. Seems to be specific for pheide a. Belongs to the chlorophyll catabolic enzymes (CCEs). (537 aa) |
| | GH3.17 | Indole-3-acetic acid-amido synthetase GH3.17; Catalyzes the synthesis of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-amino acid conjugates, providing a mechanism for the plant to cope with the presence of excess auxin. Strongly reactive with Glu, Gln, Trp, Asp, Ala, Leu, Phe, Gly, Tyr, Met, Ile and Val. Appears to favor Glu over Asp while the other GH3 favor Asp over Glu. Little or no product formation with His, Ser, Thr, Arg, Lys, or Cys. Also active on pyruvic and butyric acid analogs of IAA, PAA and the synthetic auxin naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The two chlorinated synthetic auxin herbicides 2,4- [...] (609 aa) |
| | EXPA12 | Expansin-A12; Causes loosening and extension of plant cell walls by disrupting non-covalent bonding between cellulose microfibrils and matrix glucans. No enzymatic activity has been found (By similarity). Belongs to the expansin family. Expansin A subfamily. (252 aa) |
| | RGL3 | DELLA protein RGL3; Probable transcriptional regulator that acts as a repressor of the gibberellin (GA) signaling pathway. No effect of the BOI proteins on its stability. Probably acts by participating in large multiprotein complexes that repress transcription of GA-inducible genes. Its activity may be regulated by phytohormones such as auxin and ethylene (By similarity); Belongs to the GRAS family. DELLA subfamily. (523 aa) |
| | LAX1 | Auxin transporter-like protein 1; Carrier protein involved in proton-driven auxin influx. Mediates the formation of auxin gradient from developing leaves (site of auxin biosynthesis) to tips by contributing to the loading of auxin in vascular tissues and facilitating acropetal (base to tip) auxin transport within inner tissues of the root apex, and basipetal (tip to base) auxin transport within outer tissues of the root apex (By similarity). (488 aa) |
| | ACX3.2 | Putative acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 3.2, peroxisomal; Catalyzes the desaturation of acyl-CoAs to 2-trans-enoyl- CoAs. (675 aa) |
| | LOX3 | Lipoxygenase 3, chloroplastic; 13S-lipoxygenase that can use linolenic acid as substrates. Plant lipoxygenases may be involved in a number of diverse aspects of plant physiology including growth and development, pest resistance, and senescence or responses to wounding. Catalyzes the hydroperoxidation of lipids containing a cis,cis-1,4-pentadiene structure (By similarity). (919 aa) |
| | 4CLL1 | 4-coumarate--CoA ligase-like 1; Belongs to the ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family. (542 aa) |
| | GH3.4 | Indole-3-acetic acid-amido synthetase GH3.4; Catalyzes the synthesis of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-amino acid conjugates, providing a mechanism for the plant to cope with the presence of excess auxin. Strongly reactive with Glu, Gln, Trp, Asp, Ala, Leu, Phe, Gly, Tyr, Met, Ile and Val. Little or no product formation with His, Ser, Thr, Arg, Lys, or Cys. Also active on pyruvic and butyric acid analogs of IAA, PAA and the synthetic auxin naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The two chlorinated synthetic auxin herbicides 2,4-D and 3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid (dicamba) cannot be used as substrates [...] (597 aa) |
| | GAI | DELLA protein GAI; Transcriptional regulator that acts as a repressor of the gibberellin (GA) signaling pathway. Transcription coactivator of the zinc finger transcription factors GAF1/IDD2 and ENY/IDD1 in regulation of gibberellin homeostasis and signaling. No effect of the BOI proteins on its stability. Probably acts by participating in large multiprotein complexes that repress transcription of GA-inducible genes. Positively regulates XERICO expression. In contrast to RGA, it is less sensitive to GA. Its activity is probably regulated by other phytohormones such as auxin and ethylene [...] (533 aa) |
| | GH3.6 | Indole-3-acetic acid-amido synthetase GH3.6; Catalyzes the synthesis of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-amino acid conjugates, providing a mechanism for the plant to cope with the presence of excess auxin. Strongly reactive with Glu, Gln, Trp, Asp, Ala, Leu, Phe, Gly, Tyr, Met, Ile and Val. Little or no product formation with His, Ser, Thr, Arg, Lys, or Cys. Also active on pyruvic and butyric acid analogs of IAA, PAA and the synthetic auxin naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The two chlorinated synthetic auxin herbicides 2,4-D and 3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid (dicamba) cannot be used as substrates [...] (612 aa) |
| | MYA6.2 | Putative F-box protein At3g16210. (360 aa) |
| | 4CL4 | 4-coumarate--CoA ligase 4; Produces CoA thioesters of a variety of hydroxy- and methoxy- substituted cinnamic acids, which are used to synthesize several phenylpropanoid-derived compounds, including anthocyanins, flavonoids, isoflavonoids, coumarins, lignin, suberin and wall-bound phenolics. (570 aa) |
| | T31B5_170 | Auxin-responsive GH3 family protein. (587 aa) |
| | GH3.12 | 4-substituted benzoates-glutamate ligase GH3.12; Catalyzes the conjugation of specific amino acids (e.g. Glu and possibly His, Lys, and Met) to their preferred acyl substrates (e.g. 4-substituted benzoates), in a magnesium ion- and ATP-dependent manner. Can use 4-substituted benzoates such as 4-aminobenzoate (pABA), 4-fluorobenzoate and 4-hydroxybenzoate (4-HBA), and, to a lesser extent, benzoate, vanillate and trans-cinnamate, but not 2-substituted benzoates and salicylic acid (SA), as conjugating acyl substrates. Involved in both basal and induced resistance in a SA-dependent manner. [...] (575 aa) |
| | EXPB3 | Expansin-B3; May cause loosening and extension of plant cell walls by disrupting non-covalent bonding between cellulose microfibrils and matrix glucans. No enzymatic activity has been found (By similarity). (264 aa) |
| | 4CLL7 | 4-coumarate--CoA ligase-like 7; Contributes to jasmonic acid biosynthesis by initiating the beta-oxidative chain shortening of its precursors. (544 aa) |
| | EXT2 | Extensin-2; Structural component which strengthens the primary cell wall. (743 aa) |
| | NPR6 | Regulatory protein NPR6; May act as a substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase complex (CUL3-RBX1-BTB) which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (By similarity). Acts redundantly with BOP2. BOP1/2 promote leaf and floral meristem fate and determinacy in a pathway targeting AP1 and AGL24. BOP1/2 act as transcriptional co-regulators through direct interaction with TGA factors, including PAN, a direct regulator of AP1. Controls lateral organ fate through positive regulation of adaxial-abaxial polarity genes ATHB-14/PHB [...] (467 aa) |
| | 4CL2 | 4-coumarate--CoA ligase 2; Produces CoA thioesters of a variety of hydroxy- and methoxy- substituted cinnamic acids, which are used to synthesize several phenylpropanoid-derived compounds, including anthocyanins, flavonoids, isoflavonoids, coumarins, lignin, suberin and wall-bound phenolics. (556 aa) |
| | 4CL3 | 4-coumarate--CoA ligase 3; Produces CoA thioesters of a variety of hydroxy- and methoxy- substituted cinnamic acids, which are used to synthesize several phenylpropanoid-derived compounds, including anthocyanins, flavonoids, isoflavonoids, coumarins, lignin, suberin and wall-bound phenolics; Belongs to the ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family. (561 aa) |
| | CALS11 | Callose synthase 11; Required the formation of the callose wall separating the tetraspores (interstitial wall), but not for the callose wall surrounding the pollen mother cells (peripheral wall). Functionally redudant to CALS12 (GSL5). During plant growth and development, callose is found as a transitory component of the cell plate in dividing cells, is a major component of pollen mother cell walls and pollen tubes, and is found as a structural component of plasmodesmatal canals. (1768 aa) |
| | CSP41B | Chloroplast stem-loop binding protein of 41 kDa b, chloroplastic; Binds and cleaves RNA, particularly in stem-loops. Associates with pre-ribosomal particles in chloroplasts, and participates in chloroplast ribosomal RNA metabolism, probably during the final steps of 23S rRNA maturation. May enhance transcription by the plastid- encoded polymerase and translation in plastid via the stabilization of ribosome assembly intermediates. Required for chloroplast integrity. Involved in the regulation of the circadian system. Involved in the regulation of heteroglycans and monosaccharide mobiliz [...] (378 aa) |
| | WRKY40 | Probable WRKY transcription factor 40; Transcription factor (By similarity). Interacts specifically with the W box (5'-(T)TGAC[CT]-3'), a frequently occurring elicitor- responsive cis-acting element (By similarity). (302 aa) |
| | GAPCP1 | Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase GAPCP1, chloroplastic; Involved in plastidial glycolytic pathway and plays a specific role in glycolytic energy production in non-green plastids and chloroplasts. Essential for breakdown of starch to form sucrose for export to non-photosynthetic tissues, and to generate primary metabolites for anabolic pathways such as fatty acid and amino acid synthesis. Plays an important role in plant development by providing substrates for the phosphorylated pathway of serine biosynthesis in roots. Plays a crucial role in pollen development. Functionally red [...] (422 aa) |
| | EXPB1 | Expansin-B1; May cause loosening and extension of plant cell walls by disrupting non-covalent bonding between cellulose microfibrils and matrix glucans. No enzymatic activity has been found (By similarity). Belongs to the expansin family. Expansin B subfamily. (271 aa) |
| | RGA | DELLA protein RGA; Probable transcriptional regulator that acts as a repressor of the gibberellin (GA) signaling pathway. Probably acts by participating in large multiprotein complexes that repress transcription of GA-inducible genes. Positively regulates XERICO expression in seeds. Upon GA application, it is degraded by the proteasome, allowing the GA signaling pathway. Compared to other DELLA proteins, it is the most sensitive to GA application. No effect of the BOI proteins on its stability. Its activity is probably regulated by other phytohormones such as auxin and ethylene, attenu [...] (587 aa) |
| | PAL4 | Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 4; This is a key enzyme of plant metabolism catalyzing the first reaction in the biosynthesis from L-phenylalanine of a wide variety of natural products based on the phenylpropane skeleton; Belongs to the PAL/histidase family. (707 aa) |
| | ENDO1 | Endonuclease 1; Endonuclease that can use RNA, single-stranded and double- stranded DNA as substrates. Hydrolyzes single- stranded DNA and RNA without apparent specificity for bases during senescence. Endonuclease that recognizes and cleaves all types of mismatches with high efficiency, including heteroduplex double-stranded DNA. Maybe involved in programmed cell death (PCD) and senescence. (305 aa) |
| | NPR2 | Regulatory protein NPR2; May act as a substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase complex (CUL3-RBX1-BTB) which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. (600 aa) |
| | GH3.2 | Indole-3-acetic acid-amido synthetase GH3.2; Catalyzes the synthesis of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-amino acid conjugates, providing a mechanism for the plant to cope with the presence of excess auxin. Strongly reactive with Glu, Gln, Trp, Asp, Ala, Leu, Phe, Gly, Tyr, Met, Ile and Val. Little or no product formation with His, Ser, Thr, Arg, Lys, or Cys. Also active on pyruvic and butyric acid analogs of IAA, PAA and the synthetic auxin naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The two chlorinated synthetic auxin herbicides 2,4-D and 3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid (dicamba) cannot be used as substrates [...] (549 aa) |
| | ARF9 | Auxin response factor 9; Auxin response factors (ARFs) are transcriptional factors that bind specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-TGTCTC-3' found in the auxin-responsive promoter elements (AuxREs). Could act as transcriptional activator or repressor. Formation of heterodimers with Aux/IAA proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. (638 aa) |
| | GH3.10 | Indole-3-acetic acid-amido synthetase GH3.10; Catalyzes the synthesis of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-amino acid conjugates, providing a mechanism for the plant to cope with the presence of excess auxin (By similarity). Involved in red light- specific hypocotyl elongation. May act downstream of a red light signal transduction and determine the degree of hypocotyl elongation ; Belongs to the IAA-amido conjugating enzyme family. (591 aa) |
| | ACX1.2 | Putative peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1.2; Catalyzes the desaturation of acyl-CoAs to 2-trans-enoyl- CoAs. (664 aa) |
| | CALS12 | Callose synthase 12; Involved in sporophytic and gametophytic development. Required for normal leaf development. During pollen formation, required for the formation of the callose wall separating the tetraspores of the tetrad (interstitial wall), but not for the callose wall surrounding the pollen mother cells (peripheral wall). Functionally redudant to CALS11 (GSL1). May play a role later in pollen grain maturation. Required for callose formation induced by wounding and pathogen attack. May interfere with salicylic acid-induced signaling pathway during defense response. During plant g [...] (1780 aa) |
| | NPR5 | Regulatory protein NPR5; May act as a substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase complex (CUL3-RBX1-BTB) which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (By similarity). Acts redundantly with BOP2. BOP1/2 promote leaf and floral meristem fate and determinacy in a pathway targeting AP1 and AGL24. BOP1/2 act as transcriptional co-regulators through direct interaction with TGA factors, including PAN, a direct regulator of AP1. Controls lateral organ fate through positive regulation of adaxial-abaxial polarity genes ATHB-14/PHB [...] (491 aa) |
