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YUC9 YUC9 PIF3 PIF3 PHYA PHYA PHYB PHYB HRF1 HRF1 PHYC PHYC PHYD PHYD PHYE PHYE HY5 HY5 COP1 COP1 HAT2 HAT2 HAT3 HAT3 ATHB-4 ATHB-4 ARF7 ARF7 CLF CLF HAT4 HAT4 ATHB-8 ATHB-8 SKP1A SKP1A CRY1 CRY1 TIR1 TIR1 BHLH72 BHLH72 YUC3 YUC3 PIF5 PIF5 PIF6 PIF6 PIL1 PIL1 CUL4 CUL4 PIN4 PIN4 HYH HYH PIF4 PIF4 KAN1 KAN1 PIN7 PIN7 ERF003 ERF003 AUX1 AUX1 CRY2 CRY2 LAX3 LAX3 BZIP8 BZIP8 HFR1 HFR1 ARF8 ARF8 GH3.17 GH3.17 YUC5 YUC5 PIN2 PIN2 CKX6 CKX6 TAA1 TAA1 PIN3 PIN3 LAX2 LAX2 PAR1 PAR1 GI GI T6H20.60 T6H20.60 YUC2 YUC2 YUC8 YUC8 SPA1 SPA1 F16J13.170 F16J13.170 YUC1 YUC1 ARF6 ARF6
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YUC9Probable indole-3-pyruvate monooxygenase YUCCA9; Involved in auxin biosynthesis. Belongs to the set of redundant YUCCA genes probably responsible for auxin biosynthesis in roots. (421 aa)
PIF3Transcription factor PIF3; Transcription factor acting positively in the phytochrome signaling pathway. Activates transcription by binding to the G box (5'- CACGTG-3'). (524 aa)
PHYAPhytochrome A; Regulatory photoreceptor which exists in two forms that are reversibly interconvertible by light: the Pr form that absorbs maximally in the red region of the spectrum and the Pfr form that absorbs maximally in the far-red region. Photoconversion of Pr to Pfr induces an array of morphogenetic responses, whereas reconversion of Pfr to Pr cancels the induction of those responses. Pfr controls the expression of a number of nuclear genes including those encoding the small subunit of ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase, chlorophyll A/B binding protein, protochlorophyllide reduct [...] (1122 aa)
PHYBPhytochrome B; Regulatory photoreceptor which exists in two forms that are reversibly interconvertible by light: the Pr form that absorbs maximally in the red region of the spectrum and the Pfr form that absorbs maximally in the far-red region. Photoconversion of Pr to Pfr induces an array of morphogenetic responses, whereas reconversion of Pfr to Pr cancels the induction of those responses. Pfr controls the expression of a number of nuclear genes including those encoding the small subunit of ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase, chlorophyll A/B binding protein, protochlorophyllide reduct [...] (1172 aa)
HRF1Integral membrane HRF1 family protein. (269 aa)
PHYCPhytochrome C; Regulatory photoreceptor which exists in two forms that are reversibly interconvertible by light: the Pr form that absorbs maximally in the red region of the spectrum and the Pfr form that absorbs maximally in the far-red region. Photoconversion of Pr to Pfr induces an array of morphogenic responses, whereas reconversion of Pfr to Pr cancels the induction of those responses. Pfr controls the expression of a number of nuclear genes including those encoding the small subunit of ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase, chlorophyll A/B binding protein, protochlorophyllide reductas [...] (1111 aa)
PHYDPhytochrome D; Regulatory photoreceptor which exists in two forms that are reversibly interconvertible by light: the Pr form that absorbs maximally in the red region of the spectrum and the Pfr form that absorbs maximally in the far-red region. Photoconversion of Pr to Pfr induces an array of morphogenic responses, whereas reconversion of Pfr to Pr cancels the induction of those responses. Pfr controls the expression of a number of nuclear genes including those encoding the small subunit of ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase, chlorophyll A/B binding protein, protochlorophyllide reductas [...] (1164 aa)
PHYEPhytochrome E; Regulatory photoreceptor which exists in two forms that are reversibly interconvertible by light: the Pr form that absorbs maximally in the red region of the spectrum and the Pfr form that absorbs maximally in the far-red region. Photoconversion of Pr to Pfr induces an array of morphogenic responses, whereas reconversion of Pfr to Pr cancels the induction of those responses. Pfr controls the expression of a number of nuclear genes including those encoding the small subunit of ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase, chlorophyll A/B binding protein, protochlorophyllide reductas [...] (1112 aa)
HY5Transcription factor HY5; Transcription factor that promotes photomorphogenesis in light. Acts downstream of the light receptor network and directly affects transcription of light-induced genes. Specifically involved in the blue light specific pathway, suggesting that it participates in transmission of cryptochromes (CRY1 and CRY2) signals to downstream responses. In darkness, its degradation prevents the activation of light-induced genes (Probable). Acts coordinately with SPL7 to regulate the microRNA miR408 and its target genes in response to changes in light and copper conditions. R [...] (168 aa)
COP1E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase COP1; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that acts as a repressor of photomorphogenesis and as an activator of etiolation in darkness. E3 ubiquitin ligases accept ubiquitin from an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in the form of a thioester and then directly transfers the ubiquitin to targeted substrates. Represses photomorphogenesis in darkness by mediating ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of light-induced transcription factors such as HY5, HYH and LAF1. Down-regulates MYB21, probably via ubiquitination process. Light stimuli abrogate the repre [...] (675 aa)
HAT2Homeobox-leucine zipper protein HAT2; Probable transcription factor that plays a role in auxin- mediated morphogenesis. Negatively regulates lateral root elongation. (283 aa)
HAT3Homeobox-leucine zipper protein HAT3; Probable transcription factor. (315 aa)
ATHB-4Homeobox-leucine zipper protein ATHB-4; Probable transcription factor; Belongs to the HD-ZIP homeobox family. Class II subfamily. (318 aa)
ARF7Auxin response factor 7; Auxin response factors (ARFs) are transcriptional factors that bind specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-TGTCTC-3' found in the auxin-responsive promoter elements (AuxREs). Act as a transcriptional activator of several tropic stimulus-induced (TSI) genes, including SAUR50. Formation of heterodimers with Aux/IAA proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. Required for differential growth responses of aerial tissues. Involved in ethylene responses. Regulates lateral root formation through direct regulation of LBD16 and/or LB [...] (1164 aa)
CLFHistone-lysine N-methyltransferase CLF; Polycomb group (PcG) protein. Catalytic subunit of some PcG multiprotein complex, which methylates 'Lys-27' of histone H3, leading to transcriptional repression of the affected target genes. Required to regulate floral development by repressing the AGAMOUS homeotic gene in leaves, inflorescence stems and flowers. Together with ATX1, modulates AG nucleosome methylation statement. Regulates the antero-posterior organization of the endosperm, as well as the division and elongation rates of leaf cells. PcG proteins act by forming multiprotein complex [...] (902 aa)
HAT4Homeobox-leucine zipper protein HAT4; Probable transcription factor involved in the negative regulation of cell elongation and specific cell proliferation processes such as lateral root formation and secondary growth of the vascular system. Acts as mediator of the red/far-red light effects on leaf cell expansion in the shading response. Binds to the DNA sequence 5'- CAAT[GC]ATTG-3'. Negatively regulates its own expression. Belongs to the HD-ZIP homeobox family. Class II subfamily. (284 aa)
ATHB-8Homeobox-leucine zipper protein ATHB-8; Probable transcription factor involved in the regulation of vascular development. May promote differentiation of precambial and cambial cells. (833 aa)
SKP1ASKP1-like protein 1A; Involved in ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Together with CUL1, RBX1 and a F-box protein, it forms a SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. The functional specificity of this complex depends on the type of F-box protein. In the SCF complex, it serves as an adapter that links the F-box protein to CUL1. SCF(UFO) is required for vegetative and floral organ development as well as for male gametogenesis. SCF(TIR1) is involved in auxin signaling pathway. SCF(COI1) regulates responses to jasmonates. SCF(EID1) and SCF(AFR) are implicate [...] (160 aa)
CRY1Cryptochrome-1; Photoreceptor that mediates primarily blue light inhibition of hypocotyl elongation and photoperiodic control of floral initiation, and regulates other light responses, including circadian rhythms, tropic growth, stomata opening, guard cell development, root development, bacterial and viral pathogen responses, abiotic stress responses, cell cycles, programmed cell death, apical dominance, fruit and ovule development, seed dormancy, and magnetoreception. Photoexcited cryptochromes interact with signaling partner proteins to alter gene expression at both transcriptional a [...] (681 aa)
TIR1Protein TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE 1; Auxin receptor that mediates Aux/IAA proteins proteasomal degradation and auxin-regulated transcription. The SCF(TIR1) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex is involved in auxin-mediated signaling pathway that regulate root and hypocotyl growth, lateral root formation, cell elongation, and gravitropism. Appears to allow pericycle cells to overcome G2 arrest prior to lateral root development. Plays a role in ethylene signaling in roots. Confers sensitivity to the virulent bacterial pathogen P.syringae. (594 aa)
BHLH72Transcription factor PIF7; Transcription factor acting negatively in the phytochrome B signaling pathway under prolonged red light. Regulates PHYB abundance at the post-transcriptional level, possibly via the ubiquitin- proteasome pathway. May regulate the expression of a subset of genes by binding to the G-box motif. (366 aa)
YUC3Probable indole-3-pyruvate monooxygenase YUCCA3; Involved in auxin biosynthesis. Belongs to the set of redundant YUCCA genes probably responsible for auxin biosynthesis in roots. (437 aa)
PIF5Transcription factor PIF5; Transcription factor acting negatively in the phytochrome B signaling pathway to promote the shade-avoidance response. Regulates PHYB abundance at the post-transcriptional level, possibly via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Promotes ethylene activity in the dark. May regulate the expression of a subset of genes by binding to the G- box motif. Might be involved in the integration of light-signals to control both circadian and photomorphogenic processes. Activated by CRY1 and CRY2 in response to low blue light (LBL) by direct binding at chromatin on E-box var [...] (444 aa)
PIF6Transcription factor PIF6. (363 aa)
PIL1Transcription factor PIL1; Transcription factor. Involved in responses to transient and long-term shade. Required for the light-mediated inhibition of hypocotyl elongation. Necessary for rapid light-induced expression of the photomorphogenesis- and circadian-related gene APRR9. Seems to play a role in multiple PHYB responses, such as flowering transition and petiole elongation. (416 aa)
CUL4Cullin-4; Component of the CUL4-RBX1-CDD (COP10-DDB1a-DET1) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Participates in the CDD complex to light-mediated control of development. May repress photomorphogenesis through enhancing COP1 E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity. Acts together with the CUL4-DDB1-COP1-SPA E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase complexes in the repression of photomorphogenesis and flowering time. Component ot the CUL4-RBX1-DDB1-PRL1 E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase complex which mediates ubiquit [...] (792 aa)
PIN4Auxin efflux carrier component 4; Acts as a component of the auxin efflux carrier. Plays a role in generating a sink for auxin into columella cells. Maintains the endogenous auxin gradient, which is essential for correct root patterning. Involved in EXO70A3-regulated gravitropic responses in columella cells and in root system architecture (RSA). (616 aa)
HYHTranscription factor HY5-like; Transcription factor that promotes photomorphogenesis in light. Acts downstream of the light receptor network and directly affects transcription of light-induced genes. Specifically involved in the blue light specific pathway, suggesting that it participates in transmission of cryptochromes (CRY1 and CRY2) signals to downstream responses. In darkness, its degradation prevents the activation of light-induced genes; Belongs to the bZIP family. (149 aa)
PIF4Transcription factor PIF4; Transcription factor acting negatively in the phytochrome B signaling pathway. May regulate the expression of a subset of genes involved in cell expansion by binding to the G-box motif (By similarity). Activated by CRY1 and CRY2 in response to low blue light (LBL) by direct binding at chromatin on E-box variant 5'-CA[CT]GTG-3' to stimulate specific gene expression to adapt global physiology (e.g. hypocotyl elongation in low blue light). Belongs to the bHLH protein family. (430 aa)
KAN1Transcription repressor KAN1; Transcriptional repressor that regulates lateral organ polarity. Promotes lateral organ abaxial identity by repressing the adaxial regulator ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2 (AS2) in abaxial cells. Required for abaxial identity in both leaves and carpels. Functions with KAN2 in the specification of polarity of the ovule outer integument. Regulates cambium activity by repressing the auxin efflux carrier PIN1. Plays a role in lateral root formation and development. (403 aa)
PIN7Auxin efflux carrier component 7; Acts as a component of the auxin efflux carrier. Mediates the initial auxin gradient which contributes to the establishment of the apical-basal axis in early embryogenesis. (619 aa)
ERF003Ethylene-responsive transcription factor ERF003; Probably acts as a transcriptional activator. Binds to the GCC-box pathogenesis-related promoter element. May be involved in the regulation of gene expression by stress factors and by components of stress signal transduction pathways (By similarity); Belongs to the AP2/ERF transcription factor family. ERF subfamily. (181 aa)
AUX1Auxin transporter protein 1; Carrier protein involved in proton-driven auxin influx. Mediates the formation of auxin gradient from developing leaves (site of auxin biosynthesis) to tips by contributing to the loading of auxin in vascular tissues and facilitating acropetal (base to tip) auxin transport within inner tissues of the root apex, and basipetal (tip to base) auxin transport within outer tissues of the root apex. Unloads auxin from the mature phloem to deliver the hormone to the root meristem via the protophloem cell files. Coordinated subcellular localization of AUX1 is regula [...] (485 aa)
CRY2Cryptochrome-2; Photoreceptor that mediates primarily blue light inhibition of hypocotyl elongation and photoperiodic control of floral initiation, and regulates other light responses, including circadian rhythms, tropic growth, stomata opening, guard cell development, root development, bacterial and viral pathogen responses, abiotic stress responses, cell cycles, programmed cell death, apical dominance, fruit and ovule development, seed dormancy, and magnetoreception. Photoexcited cryptochromes interact with signaling partner proteins to alter gene expression at both transcriptional a [...] (612 aa)
LAX3Auxin transporter-like protein 3; Carrier protein involved in proton-driven auxin influx. Mediates the formation of auxin gradient from developing leaves (site of auxin biosynthesis) to tips by contributing to the loading of auxin in vascular tissues and facilitating acropetal (base to tip) auxin transport within inner tissues of the root apex, and basipetal (tip to base) auxin transport within outer tissues of the root apex (By similarity); Belongs to the amino acid/polyamine transporter 2 family. Amino acid/auxin permease (AAAP) (TC 2.A.18.1) subfamily. (470 aa)
BZIP8Basic leucine zipper 8; Belongs to the bZIP family. (138 aa)
HFR1Transcription factor HFR1; Atypical bHLH transcription factor that regulates photomorphogenesis through modulation of phytochrome (e.g. PHYA) and cryptochrome signalings (Ref.4,. Suppresses the transcriptional regulation activity of PIF4 by forming non-DNA-binding heterodimer. (292 aa)
ARF8Auxin response factor 8; Auxin response factors (ARFs) are transcriptional factors that bind specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-TGTCTC-3' found in the auxin-responsive promoter elements (AuxREs). Seems to act as transcriptional activator. Formation of heterodimers with Aux/IAA proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. Regulates both stamen and gynoecium maturation. Promotes jasmonic acid production. Partially redundant with ARF6. Involved in fruit initiation. Acts as an inhibitor to stop further carpel development in the absence of fertilizati [...] (811 aa)
GH3.17Indole-3-acetic acid-amido synthetase GH3.17; Catalyzes the synthesis of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-amino acid conjugates, providing a mechanism for the plant to cope with the presence of excess auxin. Strongly reactive with Glu, Gln, Trp, Asp, Ala, Leu, Phe, Gly, Tyr, Met, Ile and Val. Appears to favor Glu over Asp while the other GH3 favor Asp over Glu. Little or no product formation with His, Ser, Thr, Arg, Lys, or Cys. Also active on pyruvic and butyric acid analogs of IAA, PAA and the synthetic auxin naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The two chlorinated synthetic auxin herbicides 2,4- [...] (609 aa)
YUC5Probable indole-3-pyruvate monooxygenase YUCCA5; Involved in auxin biosynthesis. Belongs to the set of redundant YUCCA genes probably responsible for auxin biosynthesis in roots. (424 aa)
PIN2Auxin efflux carrier component 2; Acts as a component of the auxin efflux carrier. Seems to be involved in the root-specific auxin transport, and mediates the root gravitropism. Its particular localization suggest a role in the translocation of auxin towards the elongation zone. (647 aa)
CKX6Cytokinin dehydrogenase 6; Catalyzes the oxidation of cytokinins, a family of N(6)- substituted adenine derivatives that are plant hormones, where the substituent is an isopentenyl group; Belongs to the oxygen-dependent FAD-linked oxidoreductase family. (533 aa)
TAA1L-tryptophan--pyruvate aminotransferase 1; L-tryptophan aminotransferase involved in auxin (IAA) biosynthesis. Can convert L-tryptophan and pyruvate to indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPA) and alanine. Catalyzes the first step in IPA branch of the auxin biosynthetic pathway. Required for auxin production to initiate multiple change in growth in response to environmental and developmental cues. It is also active with phenylalanine, tyrosine, leucine, alanine, methionine and glutamine. Both TAA1 and TAR2 are required for maintaining proper auxin levels in roots, while TAA1, TAR1 and TAR2 are requ [...] (391 aa)
PIN3Auxin efflux carrier component 3; Acts as a component of the auxin efflux carrier. Seems to be involved in the lateral auxin transport system and mediates tropic growth. Coordinated polar localization of PIN3 is directly regulated by the vesicle trafficking process. (640 aa)
LAX2Auxin transporter-like protein 2; Carrier protein involved in proton-driven auxin influx. Mediates the formation of auxin gradient from developing leaves (site of auxin biosynthesis) to tips by contributing to the loading of auxin in vascular tissues and facilitating acropetal (base to tip) auxin transport within inner tissues of the root apex, and basipetal (tip to base) auxin transport within outer tissues of the root apex (By similarity); Belongs to the amino acid/polyamine transporter 2 family. Amino acid/auxin permease (AAAP) (TC 2.A.18.1) subfamily. (483 aa)
PAR1Transcription factor PAR1; Atypical bHLH transcription factor that acts as negative regulator of a variety of shade avoidance syndrome (SAS) responses, including seedling elongation and photosynthetic pigment accumulation. Acts as direct transcriptional repressor of two auxin-responsive genes, SAUR15 and SAUR68. May function in integrating shade and hormone transcriptional networks in response to light and auxin changes. (118 aa)
GIProtein GIGANTEA; Involved in regulation of circadian rhythm and photoperiodic flowering. May play a role in maintenance of circadian amplitude and period length. Is involved in phytochrome B signaling. Stabilizes ADO3 and the circadian photoreceptor ADO1/ZTL. Regulates 'CONSTANS' (CO) in the long-day flowering pathway by modulating the ADO3-dependent protein stability of CDF1 and CDF2, but is not essential to activate CO transcription. Regulates, via the microRNA miR172, a CO-independent pathway that promotes photoperiodic flowering by inducing 'FLOWERING LOCUS T'. (1173 aa)
T6H20.60Putative cullin-like protein 4; Belongs to the cullin family. (247 aa)
YUC2Indole-3-pyruvate monooxygenase YUCCA2; Involved in auxin biosynthesis. Converts the indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPA) produced by the TAA family to indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Unable to use tryptamine (TAM) as substrate. Required for the formation of floral organs and vascular tissues. Belongs to the set of redundant YUCCA genes probably responsible for auxin biosynthesis in shoots. (415 aa)
YUC8Probable indole-3-pyruvate monooxygenase YUCCA8; Involved in auxin biosynthesis. Belongs to the set of redundant YUCCA genes probably responsible for auxin biosynthesis in roots. (426 aa)
SPA1Protein SUPPRESSOR OF PHYA-105 1; Controls normal photoperiodic flowering and regulates circadian rhythms. Required for suppression of photomorphogenesis in dark-grown seedlings and for normal elongation growth of adult plants. Integral component of the COP1/SPA E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex. Involved in HY5, HFR1, LAF1 and CO degradation. (1029 aa)
F16J13.170Cullin-like protein 5; Belongs to the cullin family. (434 aa)
YUC1Probable indole-3-pyruvate monooxygenase YUCCA1; Involved in auxin biosynthesis, but not in the tryptamine or the CYP79B2/B3 branches. Catalyzes in vitro the N-oxidation of tryptamine to form N-hydroxyl tryptamine. Involved during embryogenesis and seedling development. Required for the formation of floral organs and vascular tissues. Belongs to the set of redundant YUCCA genes probably responsible for auxin biosynthesis in shoots. (414 aa)
ARF6Auxin response factor 6; Auxin response factors (ARFs) are transcriptional factors that bind specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-TGTCTC-3' found in the auxin-responsive promoter elements (AuxREs). Seems to act as transcriptional activator. Formation of heterodimers with Aux/IAA proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. Regulates both stamen and gynoecium maturation. Promotes jasmonic acid production. Partially redundant with ARF8. (935 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Arabidopsis thaliana
NCBI taxonomy Id: 3702
Other names: A. thaliana, Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh., mouse-ear cress, thale cress, thale-cress
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