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LFY | Protein LEAFY; Probable transcription factor that promotes early floral meristem identity in synergy with APETALA1. Is required subsequently for the transition of an inflorescence meristem into a floral meristem, by an immediate upstream regulation of the ABC classes of floral homeotic genes. Activates directly APETALA1, CAULIFLOWER and AGAMOUS, and indirectly APETALA3 and PISTILLATA with the cooperation of UFO. Belongs to the FLO/LFY family. (420 aa) | ||||
AGL16 | Agamous-like MADS-box protein AGL16; Probable transcription factor involved in the regulation of flowering time in long-day photoperiod. Participates in the repression of FT expression and floral transition, by interacting closely with the FLC-SVP pathways. Functions in the satellite meristemoid lineage of stomatal development. (240 aa) | ||||
FIO1 | U6 small nuclear RNA (adenine-(43)-N(6))-methyltransferase; Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. METTL16/RlmF family. (513 aa) | ||||
NDX | Nodulin homeobox; Regulates COOLAIR, a set of antisense transcripts originating from the 3' end of FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC). Associates with single- stranded DNA that is part of an RNA-DNA hybrid, or R-loop, that covers the COOLAIR promoter. R-loop stabilization mediated by NDX inhibits COOLAIR transcription, which in turn modifies FLC expression. (913 aa) | ||||
MAF4 | K-box region and MADS-box transcription factor family protein. (232 aa) | ||||
ELF4 | Protein EARLY FLOWERING 4; Component of the central CCA1/LHY-TOC1 feedback loop in the circadian clock that promotes clock accuracy and is required for sustained rhythms in the absence of daily light/dark cycles. Part of a corepressor complex consisting of ELF4, ELF3, and LUX involved in the transcriptional regulation of APRR9. Increases ELF3 nuclear distribution and localization in nuclear bodies. Required for responsiveness to continuous red, by regulating phytochrome B (phyB) signaling (including during seedling de-etiolation) and gene expression. Mediates both entrainment to an env [...] (111 aa) | ||||
MSI4 | WD-40 repeat-containing protein MSI4; Core histone-binding subunit that may target chromatin assembly factors, chromatin remodeling factors and histone deacetylases to their histone substrates in a manner that is regulated by nucleosomal DNA. Component of the flowering autonomous pathway which positively regulates flowering by promoting transcriptional repression of the flowering repressor FLC. May promote histone deacetylation at the FLC locus leading to the formation of repressive chromatin structures. Also negatively regulates cold-responsive genes. (507 aa) | ||||
PHOT1 | Phototropin-1; Protein kinase that acts as a blue light photoreceptor in a signal-transduction pathway for photo-induced movements. Phosphorylates BLUS1, a kinase involved in stomatal opening. Required for blue light mediated mRNA destabilization. Mediates calcium spiking of extracellular origin in response to a low rate of blue light. Also mediates rapid membrane depolarization and growth inhibition in response to blue light. Necessary for root phototropism. Involved in hypocotyl phototropism under a low rate but not under a high rate of blue light. Contributes to the chloroplast accu [...] (996 aa) | ||||
SOC1 | MADS-box protein SOC1; Transcription activator active in flowering time control. May integrate signals from the photoperiod, vernalization and autonomous floral induction pathways. Can modulate class B and C homeotic genes expression. When associated with AGL24, mediates effect of gibberellins on flowering under short-day conditions, and regulates the expression of LEAFY (LFY), which links floral induction and floral development. (214 aa) | ||||
WRKY34 | Probable WRKY transcription factor 34; Transcription factor. Interacts specifically with the W box (5'-(T)TGAC[CT]-3'), a frequently occurring elicitor-responsive cis- acting element; Belongs to the WRKY group I family. (568 aa) | ||||
CKB3 | Casein kinase II subunit beta-3; Plays a complex role in regulating the basal catalytic activity of the alpha subunit. The tetrameric holoenzyme CK2, composed of two alpha and two beta subunits, phosphorylates the transcription factor PIF1 after an exposure to light, resulting in a proteasome- dependent degradation of PIF1 and promotion of photomorphogenesis. CK2 phosphorylates translation initiation factors. May participate in the regulation of the initiation of translation. Stimulates the binding of CCA1 to promoters (Probable). (276 aa) | ||||
LRB1 | BTB/POZ domain-containing protein At2g46260; May act as a substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase complex (CUL3-RBX1-BTB) which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. (561 aa) | ||||
AGL19 | Agamous-like MADS-box protein AGL19; Probable transcription factor that promotes flowering, especially in response to vernalization by short periods of cold, in an FLC-inpedendent manner. (219 aa) | ||||
AGL24 | MADS-box protein AGL24; Transcription activator that mediates floral transition in response to vernalization. Promotes inflorescence fate in apical meristems. Acts in a dosage-dependent manner. Probably involved in the transduction of RLK-mediated signaling (e.g. IMK3 pathway). Together with AP1 and SVP, controls the identity of the floral meristem and regulates expression of class B, C and E genes. When associated with SOC1, mediates effect of gibberellins on flowering under short-day conditions, and regulates the expression of LEAFY (LFY), which links floral induction and floral deve [...] (220 aa) | ||||
AGL6 | Agamous-like MADS-box protein AGL6; Probable transcription factor. Forms a heterodimer via the K- box domain with AG, that could be involved in genes regulation during floral meristem development. (252 aa) | ||||
AP1 | Floral homeotic protein APETALA 1; Transcription factor that promotes early floral meristem identity in synergy with LEAFY. Is required subsequently for the transition of an inflorescence meristem into a floral meristem. Is indispensable for normal development of sepals and petals in flowers. Regulates positively the B class homeotic proteins APETALA3 and PISTILLATA with the cooperation of LEAFY and UFO. Interacts with SEPALLATA3 or AP3/PI heterodimer to form complexes that could be involved in genes regulation during floral meristem development. Regulates positively AGAMOUS in coopera [...] (256 aa) | ||||
PHYD | Phytochrome D; Regulatory photoreceptor which exists in two forms that are reversibly interconvertible by light: the Pr form that absorbs maximally in the red region of the spectrum and the Pfr form that absorbs maximally in the far-red region. Photoconversion of Pr to Pfr induces an array of morphogenic responses, whereas reconversion of Pfr to Pr cancels the induction of those responses. Pfr controls the expression of a number of nuclear genes including those encoding the small subunit of ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase, chlorophyll A/B binding protein, protochlorophyllide reductas [...] (1164 aa) | ||||
AP2 | Floral homeotic protein APETALA 2; Probable transcriptional activator that promotes early floral meristem identity. Is required subsequently for the transition of an inflorescence meristem into a floral meristem. Plays a central role in the specification of floral identity, particularly for the normal development of sepals and petals in the wild-type flower, by spatially controlling the expression domains of multiple floral organ identity genes. Acts as A class cadastral protein by repressing the C class floral homeotic gene AGAMOUS in association with other repressors like LEUNIG and [...] (432 aa) | ||||
CCA1 | Protein CCA1; Transcription factor involved in the circadian clock and in the phytochrome regulation. Binds to the promoter regions of APRR1/TOC1 and TCP21/CHE to repress their transcription. Binds to the promoter regions of CAB2A and CAB2B to promote their transcription. Represses both LHY and itself. (608 aa) | ||||
TFL1 | Protein TERMINAL FLOWER 1; Controls inflorescence meristem identity and is required for maintenance of an indeterminate inflorescence. Prevents the expression of 'APETALA1' and 'LEAFY'. Also plays a role in the regulation of the time of flowering in the long-day flowering pathway. May form complexes with phosphorylated ligands by interfering with kinases and their effectors (By similarity). (177 aa) | ||||
PHOT2 | Phototropin-2; Protein kinase that acts as a blue light photoreceptor in a signal-transduction pathway for photo-induced movements. Phosphorylates BLUS1, a kinase involved in stomatal opening. Mediates calcium spiking of extra- and intracellular origins in response to blue light. Involved in hypocotyl phototropism. Contributes to the chloroplast accumulation in low blue light and mediates their translocation (avoidance response) at high fluence. Regulates stomata opening and photomorphogenesis response of leaf tissue. Not involved in hypocotyl elongation inhibition, anthocyanin accumul [...] (915 aa) | ||||
AGL14 | Agamous-like MADS-box protein AGL14; Transcriptional activator that regulates root development by controlling meristem size and patterning of the root apical meristem. Regulates auxin transport and gradients in the root meristematic cells via direct regulation of the auxin efflux carrier PIN1 and PIN4 gene expression. Binds specifically to the CArG-box DNA sequences in the promoter regions of PIN1 and PIN4 genes. Involved in the regulation of shoot apical meristem (SAM) cell identities and transitions. Promotes flowering transition and participates in flower meristem maintenance and de [...] (221 aa) | ||||
AGL17 | Agamous-like MADS-box protein AGL17; Probable transcription factor. (227 aa) | ||||
AGL15 | Agamous-like MADS-box protein AGL15; Transcription factor involved in the negative regulation of flowering, probably through the photoperiodic pathway. Acts as both an activator and a repressor of transcription. Binds DNA in a sequence- specific manner in large CArG motif 5'-CC (A/T)8 GG-3'. Participates probably in the regulation of programs active during the early stages of embryo development. Prevents premature perianth senescence and abscission, fruits development and seed desiccation. Stimulates the expression of at least DTA4, LEC2, FUS3, ABI3, AT4G38680/CSP2 and GRP2B/CSP4. Can [...] (268 aa) | ||||
AGL8 | Agamous-like MADS-box protein AGL8; Probable transcription factor that promotes early floral meristem identity in synergy with APETALA1 and CAULIFLOWER. Is required subsequently for the transition of an inflorescence meristem into a floral meristem. Seems to be partially redundant to the function of APETALA1 and CAULIFLOWER in the up-regulation of LEAFY. Is also required for normal pattern of cell division, expansion and differentiation during morphogenesis of the silique. Probably not required for fruit elongation but instead is required to prevent ectopic activity of IND. Represses S [...] (242 aa) | ||||
LWD2 | WD repeat-containing protein LWD2; Clock protein essential for the proper expression phase and period length of both the oscillator and output genes known to participate in photoperiod sensing. Required for the expression of APRR9, APRR7, and APRR5. Regulated by APRR9 and APRR7 at the transcriptional level, indicating the existence of a positive feedback loop within the circadian clock. (346 aa) | ||||
FRI | Inactive protein FRIGIDA. (314 aa) | ||||
MAF5 | Protein MADS AFFECTING FLOWERING 5; Transcription factor involved in the negative regulation of flowering time in short days, probably through the photoperiodic and vernalization pathways. Prevents premature flowering, particularly in the cv. Landsberg erecta background. In non-inductive photoperiods (e.g. short days), required for flowering through VIL2-mediated maintenance of the epigenetically repressed state of MAF5 via H3K9me2 and plant homeodomain / polycomb repressive complex 2 (PHD-PRC2)- dependent H3K27me3. (198 aa) | ||||
SNZ | AP2-like ethylene-responsive transcription factor SNZ; Probably acts as a transcriptional activator. Binds to the GCC-box pathogenesis-related promoter element. May be involved in the regulation of gene expression by stress factors and by components of stress signal transduction pathways (By similarity). Repressor of flowering. (325 aa) | ||||
LHY | Protein LHY; Transcription factor involved in the circadian clock. Binds to the promoter region of APRR1/TOC1 and TCP21/CHE to repress their transcription. Represses both CCA1 and itself. (645 aa) | ||||
ADO2 | Adagio protein 2; Component of an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that plays a central role in blue light-dependent circadian cycles. Acts as a blue light photoreceptor, due to the presence of FMN, that mediates light- regulated protein degradation of critical clock components by targeting them to the proteasome complex. The SCF(ADO2) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex is involved in the regulation of circadian clock-dependent processes including the transition to flowering time, hypocotyl elongation, cotyledons and leaf movement rhythms. APRR1/TOC1 and APRR5 seem to be substrates of the SCF(ADO2 [...] (611 aa) | ||||
CDKC-2 | Cyclin-dependent kinase C-2. (513 aa) | ||||
VRN2 | Polycomb group protein VERNALIZATION 2; Polycomb group (PcG) protein. Plays a central role in vernalization by maintaining repressed the homeotic gene FLC, a floral repressor, after a cold treatment. PcG proteins act by forming multiprotein complexes, which are required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of homeotic genes throughout development. PcG proteins are not required to initiate repression, but to maintain it during later stages of development. They probably act via the methylation of histones, rendering chromatin heritably changed in its expressibility. Associa [...] (440 aa) | ||||
ASHH3 | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase ASHH3; Histone methyltransferase. (363 aa) | ||||
CUL1 | Cullin-1; Involved in ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Regulator of mitotic processes which plays a role during gametogenesis and embryogenesis. Together with SKP1, RBX1 and a F-box protein, it forms a SCF complex. The functional specificity of this complex depends of the type of F-box protein. SCF(UFO) is implicated in floral organ development. SCF(TIR1) is involved in auxin signaling pathway. SCF(COI1) regulates responses to jasmonates. SCF(EID1) and SCF(AFR) are implicated in phytochrome A light signaling. SCF(ADO1/ZTL), SCF(ADO2/LKP2), SCF(A [...] (738 aa) | ||||
ATJ3 | Chaperone protein dnaJ 3; Plays a continuous role in plant development probably in the structural organization of compartments; Belongs to the DnaJ family. A/I subfamily. (420 aa) | ||||
ADO1 | Adagio protein 1; Component of an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that plays a central role in blue light-dependent circadian cycles. Acts as a blue light photoreceptor, due to the presence of FMN, that mediates light- regulated protein degradation of critical clock components by targeting them to the proteasome complex. The SCF(ADO1) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex is involved in the regulation of circadian clock-dependent processes including the transition to flowering time, hypocotyl elongation, cotyledons and leaf movement rhythms. APRR1/TOC1 and APRR5, but not 'GIGANTEA', are proteolytic [...] (609 aa) | ||||
AGL27 | Agamous-like MADS-box protein AGL27; Probable transcription factor involved in the negative regulation of flowering time in both long and short days, probably through the photoperiodic and vernalization pathways. Prevents premature flowering. (196 aa) | ||||
SUF4 | Protein SUPPRESSOR OF FRI 4; Sequence-specific DNA binding factor that recognizes the 5'- CCAAATTTTAAGTTT-3' sequence. Recruits the FRI-C complex to the FLC promoter. Required for FRI-mediated FLC activation, but has no effect on the expression of MAF1, MAF2, MAF3, MAF5, UFC and CO. Dispensable for the reactivation of FLC in early embryogenesis, but required to maintain high levels of FLC expression in later embryonic and vegetative development. (367 aa) | ||||
BHLH76 | Transcription factor bHLH76; Transcriptional activator involved in cell elongation. Regulates the expression of a subset of genes involved in cell expansion by binding to the G-box motif. Binds to chromatin DNA of the FT gene and promotes its expression, and thus triggers flowering in response to blue light. (390 aa) | ||||
CPK33 | Calcium-dependent protein kinase 33; Ca(2+)-dependent protein kinase. Negative regulator of stomatal closure and slow anion currents. Unable to phosphorylate THI1 in vitro, but the kinase activity is essential for the stomatal closure regulation. Phosphorylates FD. May play a role in signal transduction pathways that involve calcium as a second messenger (Probable). (521 aa) | ||||
FRL2 | Inactive FRIGIDA-like protein 2; Inactive FIRGIDA-like 2 protein. Belongs to the Frigida family. (473 aa) | ||||
ADO3 | Adagio protein 3; Component of an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that plays a central role in blue light-dependent circadian cycles. Acts as a blue light photoreceptor, due to the presence of FMN, that mediates light- regulated protein degradation of critical clock components by targeting them to the proteasome complex. The SCF(ADO3) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex is involved in the regulation of circadian clock-dependent processes including transition to flowering time, hypocotyl elongation, cotyledons and leaf movement rhythms. Forms a complex with 'GIGANTEA' (GI) to regulate 'CONSTANS' (C [...] (619 aa) | ||||
BHLH2 | Transcription factor EGL1; Transcription activator, when associated with MYB75/PAP1, MYB90/PAP2 or TT2. Involved in epidermal cell fate specification. Regulates negatively stomata formation but promotes trichome formation. Together with MYB66/WER, promotes the formation of non-hair cells in root epidermis cells in the N position. Whereas together with CPC, promotes the formation of hair cells in root epidermis cells in the H position by inhibiting non-hair cell formation. Seems also to play a role in the activation of anthocyanin biosynthesis, probably together with MYB75/PAP1. Involve [...] (596 aa) | ||||
FRL1 | FRIGIDA-like protein 1; Required for FRI-mediated up-regulation of FLC transcripts, but not redundant with FRI and only partially redundant with FRL2. Required for the stabilization of the FRI-C complex. Belongs to the Frigida family. (470 aa) | ||||
AGL31 | Agamous-like MADS-box protein AGL31; Probable transcription factor that prevents vernalization by short periods of cold. Acts as a floral repressor. (196 aa) | ||||
POB1 | BTB/POZ domain-containing protein POB1; May act as a substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase complex (CUL3-RBX1-BTB) which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. (561 aa) | ||||
VIL1 | VIN3-like protein 1; Involved in both the vernalization and photoperiod pathways by regulating expression of the related floral repressors FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) and FLOWERING LOCUS M (FLM). Together with VIN3, required during vernalization for the modifications of FLC and FLM chromatin that are associated with an epigenetically silenced state (e.g. chromatin modifications, histone deacetylation, and trimethylated H3 'Lys-4' H3K4me3 and 'Lys-27' H3K27me3) and with acquisition of competence to flower. Promotes flowering in short days (SD=8 hours light/16 hours dark). Associates dynamic [...] (602 aa) | ||||
APRR1 | Two-component response regulator-like APRR1; Controls photoperiodic flowering response. Component of the circadian clock. Expression of several members of the ARR-like family is controlled by circadian rhythm. The particular coordinated sequential expression of APRR9, APRR7, APRR5, APRR3 and APPR1 result to circadian waves that may be at the basis of the endogenous circadian clock. Positive regulator of CCA1 and LHY expression. (618 aa) | ||||
AGL70 | Agamous-like MADS-box protein AGL70; Probable transcription factor involved in the negative regulation of flowering time, probably through the photoperiodic and vernalization pathways; more efficient in cv. Landsberg erecta than in cv. Columbia background. Prevents premature flowering. Involved in the modulation of vernalization impact on flowering according to genotype acclimation to altitude. (196 aa) | ||||
BHLH81 | Transcription factor bHLH81. (262 aa) | ||||
AGL18 | Agamous-like MADS-box protein AGL18; Probable transcription factor involved in the negative regulation of flowering, probably through the photoperiodic pathway. Prevents premature flowering. Downstream regulator of a subset of the MIKC* MADS-controlled genes required during pollen maturation. (256 aa) | ||||
WDR5A | COMPASS-like H3K4 histone methylase component WDR5A; Forms multiple COMPASS-like complexes involved in histone methylation by interacting with different histone H3 'Lys-4' methyltransferases such as ATX1, SDG14 or SDG16. Binds to target loci chromatin, increasing H3K4 trimethylation and causing activation of the gene. Upregulates FLC and MAF4 expression to delay flowering. Present at the promoters and at the transcription start sites (TSS) regions of WRKY70 and LTP7; this occupancy is ATX1-dependent. Involved in the transition from transcription initiation to transcription elongation. (317 aa) | ||||
SPL4 | Squamosa promoter-binding-like protein 4; Trans-acting factor that binds specifically to the consensus nucleotide sequence 5'-TNCGTACAA-3' of AP1 promoter. Promotes both vegetative phase change and flowering. (174 aa) | ||||
CPEFG | Elongation factor G, chloroplastic; Chloroplast-localized elongation factor EF-G involved in protein synthesis in plastids. Catalyzes the GTP-dependent ribosomal translocation step during translation elongation. During this step, the ribosome changes from the pre-translocational (PRE) to the post- translocational (POST) state as the newly formed A-site-bound peptidyl- tRNA and P-site-bound deacylated tRNA move to the P and E sites, respectively. Catalyzes the coordinated movement of the two tRNA molecules, the mRNA and conformational changes in the ribosome. Required for the eoplasts r [...] (783 aa) | ||||
MFT | Protein MOTHER of FT and TFL1; May form complexes with phosphorylated ligands by interfering with kinases and their effectors (By similarity). Regulates seed germination via the abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellic acid (GA)signaling pathways. During seed germination, MFT expression is directly repressed by ABI3 or promoted by ABI5 in the ABA signaling pathway. Involved in a negative feedback regulation of ABA signaling. Promotes embryo growth by direct repression of ABI5. In the GA signaling pathway, MFT expression is promoted by the DELLA protein RGL2 during seed germination. May regu [...] (173 aa) | ||||
CUL3A | Cullin-3A; Component of the cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases (CRL), or CUL3-RBX1-BTB protein E3 ligase complexes which mediate the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. The functional specificity of the CRL complex depends on the BTB domain-containing protein as the susbstrate recognition component. Involved in embryo pattern formation and endosperm development. Required for the normal division and organization of the root stem cells and columella root cap cells. Regulates primary root growth by an unknown pathway, but in an ethylene-dependent manner. F [...] (732 aa) | ||||
NFYC3 | Nuclear transcription factor Y subunit C-3; Stimulates the transcription of various genes by recognizing and binding to a CCAAT motif in promoters; Belongs to the NFYC/HAP5 subunit family. (217 aa) |