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PAL4 PAL4 TGA2 TGA2 PAL2 PAL2 PAL3 PAL3 GSTF2 GSTF2 SOT12 SOT12 NPR1 NPR1 TGA6 TGA6 TGA5 TGA5 PR-1-LIKE PR-1-LIKE PR1 PR1 MYC2 MYC2 SAG101 SAG101 NPR4 NPR4 NPR3 NPR3 MES1 MES1 MES10 MES10 BAK1 BAK1 GSTF8 GSTF8 GSTF11 GSTF11 CUL3B CUL3B SARD1 SARD1 EPS1 EPS1 PI4KB1 PI4KB1 GAPC2 GAPC2 Q9LJM5_ARATH Q9LJM5_ARATH FMO1 FMO1 F2J10.6 F2J10.6 GAPA2 GAPA2 WRKY70 WRKY70 GH3.12 GH3.12 ICS2 ICS2 PAD4 PAD4 ICS1 ICS1 F-ATMBP F-ATMBP SERK4 SERK4 GSTF7 GSTF7 TIR TIR EDS1 EDS1 SEC3A SEC3A NPR2 NPR2 OTP51 OTP51 PRB1 PRB1 CUL3A CUL3A F1C9.19 F1C9.19 MED15A MED15A TPP2 TPP2 PHB3 PHB3 MES9 MES9 UGT76D1 UGT76D1 ACX2 ACX2 GH3.5 GH3.5 T16L1.210 T16L1.210 T16L1.220 T16L1.220 ACX3 ACX3 TSB1 TSB1 CAT2 CAT2 GAPA1 GAPA1 GAPC1 GAPC1 BCA1 BCA1 PR1-2 PR1-2 PAL1 PAL1 GSTF10 GSTF10
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query proteins and first shell of interactors
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second shell of interactors
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proteins of unknown 3D structure
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a 3D structure is known or predicted
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PAL4Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 4; This is a key enzyme of plant metabolism catalyzing the first reaction in the biosynthesis from L-phenylalanine of a wide variety of natural products based on the phenylpropane skeleton; Belongs to the PAL/histidase family. (707 aa)
TGA2Transcription factor TGA2; Transcriptional activator that binds specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-TGACG-3'. Recognizes ocs elements like the as-1 motif of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. Binding to the as-1-like cis elements mediate auxin- and salicylic acid-inducible transcription. Required to induce the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) via the regulation of pathogenesis-related genes expression. Binding to the as- 1 element of PR-1 promoter is salicylic acid-inducible and mediated by NPR1. Could also bind to the C-boxes (5'-ATGACGTCAT-3') with high affinity. (330 aa)
PAL2Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 2; This is a key enzyme of plant metabolism catalyzing the first reaction in the biosynthesis from L-phenylalanine of a wide variety of natural products based on the phenylpropane skeleton; Belongs to the PAL/histidase family. (717 aa)
PAL3Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 3; This is a key enzyme of plant metabolism catalyzing the first reaction in the biosynthesis from L-phenylalanine of a wide variety of natural products based on the phenylpropane skeleton. (694 aa)
GSTF2Glutathione S-transferase F2; Binds auxin, endogenous flavonoids and the phytoalexin camalexin and may be involved in regulating the binding and transport of small bioactive natural products and defense-related compounds during plant stress. Binds a series of heterocyclic compounds, including lumichrome, harmane, norharmane and indole-3-aldehyde. In vitro, possesses glutathione S-transferase activity toward 1-chloro- 2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) and benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC). Acts as glutathione peroxidase on cumene hydroperoxide, linoleic acid-13- hydroperoxide and trans-stilbene oxid [...] (212 aa)
SOT12Cytosolic sulfotransferase 12; Sulfotransferase that utilizes 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate (PAPS) as sulfonate donor to catalyze the stereospecific sulfate conjugation of 24-epibrassinosteroids. Preferred substrates are 24- epicathasterone and 6-deoxo-24-epicathasterone. Low activity with 22- deoxy-24-epiteasterone. No activity with 24-epimers catasterone and brassinolide. Sulfonates salicylic acid. May be involved in detoxification. Enhances plant response to pathogen infection and contributes to long distance signaling in systemic acquired resistance (SAR). (326 aa)
NPR1Regulatory protein NPR1; May act as a substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase complex (CUL3-RBX1-BTB) which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (By similarity). Key positive regulator of the SA-dependent signaling pathway that negatively regulates JA-dependent signaling pathway. Mediates the binding of TGA factors to the as-1 motif found in the pathogenesis-related PR-1 gene, leading to the transcriptional regulation of the gene defense. Controls the onset of systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Upon SAR induction, [...] (593 aa)
TGA6Transcription factor TGA6; Transcriptional activator that binds specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-TGACG-3'. Recognizes ocs elements like the as-1 motif of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. Binding to the as-1-like cis elements mediate auxin- and salicylic acid-inducible transcription. May be involved in the induction of the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) via its interaction with NPR1. Could also bind to the Hex-motif (5'- TGACGTGG-3') another cis-acting element found in plant histone promoters (By similarity). (330 aa)
TGA5Transcription factor TGA5; Transcriptional activator that binds specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-TGACG-3'. Recognizes ocs elements like the as-1 motif of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. Binding to the as-1-like cis elements mediate auxin- and salicylic acid-inducible transcription. May be involved in the induction of the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) via its interaction with NPR1. Could also bind to the Hex-motif (5'- TGACGTGG-3') another cis-acting element found in plant histone promoters. (330 aa)
PR-1-LIKEPathogenesis-related protein-1-like protein; Belongs to the CRISP family. (176 aa)
PR1Putative pathogenesis-related protein 1, 18.9K; Belongs to the CRISP family. (166 aa)
MYC2Transcription factor MYC2; Transcriptional activator. Common transcription factor of light, abscisic acid (ABA), and jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathways. With MYC3 and MYC4, controls additively subsets of JA-dependent responses. In cooperation with MYB2 is involved in the regulation of ABA-inducible genes under drought stress conditions. Can form complexes with all known glucosinolate-related MYBs to regulate glucosinolate biosynthesis. Binds to the MYC recognition site (5'-CACATG-3'), and to the G-box (5'-CACNTG-3') and Z-box (5'-ATACGTGT-3') of promoters. Binds directly to the prom [...] (623 aa)
SAG101Senescence-associated carboxylesterase 101; Acyl hydrolase that triggers the leaf senescence onset. Can use triolein as substrate to produce oleic acids. (537 aa)
NPR4Regulatory protein NPR4; May act as a substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase complex (CUL3-RBX1-BTB) which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (By similarity). Involved in the regulation of basal defense responses against pathogens, and may be implicated in the cross-talk between the SA- and JA-dependent signaling pathways. (574 aa)
NPR3Regulatory protein NPR3; May act as a substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase complex (CUL3-RBX1-BTB) which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (By similarity). Involved in the regulation of basal defense responses against pathogens. (586 aa)
MES1Methylesterase 1; Methylesterase shown to have carboxylesterase activity, methyl indole-3-acetic acid (MeIAA) esterase activity, methyl salicylate (MeSA) esterase activity and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) esterase activity in vitro. Required to convert methyl salicylate (MeSA) to salicylic acid (SA) as part of the signal transduction pathways that activate systemic acquired resistance in systemic tissue. MeSA is believed to be an inactive form that needs to be demethylated to exert a biological effect. (263 aa)
MES10Methylesterase 10; Methylesterase shown to have methyl jasmonate (MeJA) esterase activity in vitro. (275 aa)
BAK1BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1-associated receptor kinase 1; Dual specificity kinase acting on both serine/threonine- and tyrosine-containing substrates. Controls the expression of genes associated with innate immunity in the absence of pathogens or elicitors. Involved in brassinosteroid (BR) signal transduction. Phosphorylates BRI1. May be involved in changing the equilibrium between plasma membrane-located BRI1 homodimers and endocytosed BRI1- BAK1 heterodimers. Interaction with MSBP1 stimulates the endocytosis of BAK1 and suppresses brassinosteroid signaling. Acts in pathogen- associ [...] (615 aa)
GSTF8Glutathione S-transferase F8, chloroplastic; In vitro, possesses glutathione S-transferase activity toward 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) and glutathione peroxidase activity toward cumene hydroperoxide and linoleic acid-13-hydroperoxide. May be involved in the conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles and have a detoxification role against certain herbicides. Belongs to the GST superfamily. Phi family. (263 aa)
GSTF11Glutathione S-transferase F11; May be involved in the conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles and have a detoxification role against certain herbicides. (214 aa)
CUL3BCullin-3B; Component of the cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases (CRL), or CUL3-RBX1-BTB protein E3 ligase complexes which mediate the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. The functional specificity of the CRL complex depends on the BTB domain-containing protein as the susbstrate recognition component. Involved in embryo pattern formation and endosperm development. Required for the normal division and organization of the root stem cells and columella root cap cells. Regulates primary root growth by an unknown pathway, but in an ethylene-dependent manner. F [...] (732 aa)
SARD1Protein SAR DEFICIENT 1; Transcription activator that binds DNA in a sequence-specific manner, 5'-GAAATTTTGG-3', to promote the expression of target genes. Recruited to the promoter of ICS1 and other defense-related genes (e.g. PR1 and SID2) in response to both biotic (e.g. Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola ES4326) and abiotic stresses (e.g. UV-B), thus triggering slow defense responses by stimulating salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis. Required for basal and systemic acquired resistance to P. syringae pv. maculicola and Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis. Belongs to the plant ACBP60 prote [...] (451 aa)
EPS1Protein ENHANCED PSEUDOMONAS SUSCEPTIBILITY 1; Required for pathogen-induced salicylic acid (SA) accumulation and SA-mediated resistance to virulent and avirulent pathogens (e.g. P.syringae). (434 aa)
PI4KB1Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase beta 1; Acts on phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) in the first committed step in the production of the second messenger inositol-1,4,5- trisphosphate. Necessary for proper organization of the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and post-Golgi secretion in root hairs. Together with PI4KB2, required during polarized root hair expansion and pollen tube elongation. Functions redundantly with PI4KB2 upstream of the cold response phosphoinositide-dependent phospholipase C (PI-PLC) pathway. (1121 aa)
GAPC2Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase GAPC2, cytosolic; Key enzyme in glycolysis that catalyzes the first step of the pathway by converting D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) into 3- phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate. Essential for the maintenance of cellular ATP levels and carbohydrate metabolism (By similarity). Binds DNA in vitro. (338 aa)
Q9LJM5_ARATHPathogenesis-related protein-like; Belongs to the CRISP family. (161 aa)
FMO1Probable flavin-containing monooxygenase 1; Required for the establishment of systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Not involved in local defense mechanisms. Confers a salicylic acid-dependent (SA) resistance to virulent pathogens such as P.syringae pv tomato and H.parasitica. (530 aa)
F2J10.6F2J10.6 protein; Belongs to the CRISP family. (161 aa)
GAPA2Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase GAPA2, chloroplastic; Involved in the photosynthetic reductive pentose phosphate pathway (Calvin-Benson cycle). Catalyzes the reduction of 1,3- diphosphoglycerate by NADPH (By similarity). (399 aa)
WRKY70Probable WRKY transcription factor 70; Transcription factor involved in senescence, biotic and abiotic stress responses by modulating various phytohormones signaling pathways. Interacts specifically with the W box (5'- (T)TGAC[CT]-3'), a frequently occurring elicitor-responsive cis-acting element (By similarity). Binds to the 5'-[CT]GACTTTT-3' motif in promoters of target genes to induce their expression. Plays an important but not indispensable role in jasmonate and salicylic acid signaling. Regulates positively the salicylic acid (SA)-mediated signal pathway, but negatively the jasmo [...] (294 aa)
GH3.124-substituted benzoates-glutamate ligase GH3.12; Catalyzes the conjugation of specific amino acids (e.g. Glu and possibly His, Lys, and Met) to their preferred acyl substrates (e.g. 4-substituted benzoates), in a magnesium ion- and ATP-dependent manner. Can use 4-substituted benzoates such as 4-aminobenzoate (pABA), 4-fluorobenzoate and 4-hydroxybenzoate (4-HBA), and, to a lesser extent, benzoate, vanillate and trans-cinnamate, but not 2-substituted benzoates and salicylic acid (SA), as conjugating acyl substrates. Involved in both basal and induced resistance in a SA-dependent manner. [...] (575 aa)
ICS2Isochorismate synthase 2, chloroplastic; Involved in the synthesis of salicylic acid (SA) required for both local and systemic acquired resistance (LAR and SAR) while SA synthesized through the phenylalanine ammonium lyase (PAL) pathway seems to potentiate plant cell death. Also involved in phylloquinone (vitamin K1) synthesis. Has no isochorismate pyruvate lyase (IPL) activity. (562 aa)
PAD4Lipase-like PAD4; Probable lipase required downstream of MPK4 for accumulation of the plant defense-potentiating molecule, salicylic acid, thus contributing to the plant innate immunity against invasive biotrophic pathogens and to defense mechanisms upon recognition of microbe- associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). Participates in the regulation of various molecular and physiological processes that influence fitness. Together with SG101, required for programmed cell death (PCD) triggered by NBS-LRR resistance proteins (e.g. RPS4, RPW8.1 and RPW8.2) in response to the fungal toxin fumo [...] (541 aa)
ICS1Isochorismate synthase 1, chloroplastic; Involved in the synthesis of salicylic acid (SA) required for both local and systemic acquired resistance (LAR and SAR) while SA synthesized through the phenylalanine ammonium lyase (PAL) pathway seems to potentiate plant cell death. Also involved in phylloquinone (vitamin K1) synthesis. Has no isochorismate pyruvate lyase (IPL) activity. (569 aa)
F-ATMBPMyrosinase-binding protein 2; Belongs to the jacalin lectin family. (642 aa)
SERK4Somatic embryogenesis receptor kinase 4; Dual specificity kinase acting on both serine/threonine- and tyrosine-containing substrates. Positively regulates the BR-dependent plant growth pathway and negatively regulates the BR-independent cell- death pathway. (620 aa)
GSTF7Glutathione S-transferase F7; May be involved in the conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles and have a detoxification role against certain herbicides; Belongs to the GST superfamily. Phi family. (209 aa)
TIRToll/interleukin-1 receptor-like protein; Disease resistance protein. Resistance proteins guard the plant against pathogens that contain an appropriate avirulence protein via a direct or indirect interaction with this avirulence protein. That triggers a defense system including the hypersensitive response, which restricts the pathogen growth (By similarity). (176 aa)
EDS1Protein EDS1; Positive regulator of basal resistance and of effector- triggered immunity specifically mediated by TIR-NB-LRR (TNL) resistance proteins. Disruption by bacterial effector of EDS1-TIR-NB-LRR resistance protein interactions constitutes the first step in resistance activation. Acts redundantly with salicylic acid to regulate resistance gene-mediated signaling. Triggers early plant defenses and hypersensitive response independently of PAD4, and then recruits PAD4 to potentiate plant defenses through the accumulation of salicylic acid. Nuclear localization is essential for bas [...] (623 aa)
SEC3AExocyst complex component SEC3A; Component of the exocyst complex involved in the docking of exocytic vesicles with fusion sites on the plasma membrane during regulated or polarized secretion. Involved in polarized cell growth and organ morphogenesis. During cytokinesis, involved in cell plate initiation, cell plate maturation and formation of new primary cell wall. During cytokinesis, involved in cell plate initiation, cell plate maturation and formation of new primary cell wall. Belongs to the SEC3 family. (887 aa)
NPR2Regulatory protein NPR2; May act as a substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase complex (CUL3-RBX1-BTB) which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. (600 aa)
OTP51Pentatricopeptide repeat-containing protein At2g15820, chloroplastic; Promotes the splicing of group II introns in chloroplasts. Required for the splicing of intron 2 of plastid ycf3 transcripts, a factor required for the assembly of photosystem I (PSI). Involved in the splicing of several other group-IIa introns. May be involved in the splicing of precursor forms of trnL, trnG, trnI, and trnA. Required for the assembly of PSI and PSII. (849 aa)
PRB1Pathogenesis-related protein 1; Probably involved in the defense reaction of plants against pathogens. (161 aa)
CUL3ACullin-3A; Component of the cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases (CRL), or CUL3-RBX1-BTB protein E3 ligase complexes which mediate the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. The functional specificity of the CRL complex depends on the BTB domain-containing protein as the susbstrate recognition component. Involved in embryo pattern formation and endosperm development. Required for the normal division and organization of the root stem cells and columella root cap cells. Regulates primary root growth by an unknown pathway, but in an ethylene-dependent manner. F [...] (732 aa)
F1C9.19Transferase. (666 aa)
MED15AMediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 15a; Component of the Mediator complex, a coactivator involved in the regulated transcription of nearly all RNA polymerase II-dependent genes. Mediator functions as a bridge to convey information from gene- specific regulatory proteins to the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. The Mediator complex, having a compact conformation in its free form, is recruited to promoters by direct interactions with regulatory proteins and serves for the assembly of a functional preinitiation complex with RNA polymerase II and the general [...] (1335 aa)
TPP2Tripeptidyl-peptidase 2; Serine protease of the proteasome pathway that may function with the 20S proteasome to degrade oxidized proteins generated by environmental stress; Belongs to the peptidase S8 family. (1380 aa)
PHB3Prohibitin-3, mitochondrial; Prohibitin probably acts as a holdase/unfoldase for the stabilization of newly synthesized mitochondrial proteins (By similarity). Necessary for mitochondrial and cell metabolism and biogenesis. Required to regulate the ethylene-mediated signaling; involved in growth maintenance in the presence of ethylene. Functions in nitric oxide (NO)-mediated responses and in hydrogen peroxide- induced NO accumulation. (277 aa)
MES9Methylesterase 9; Methylesterase shown to have carboxylesterase activity, methyl indole-3-acetic acid (MeIAA) esterase activity, methyl salicylate (MeSA) esterase activity and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) esterase activity in vitro. Required to convert methyl salicylate (MeSA) to salicylic acid (SA) as part of the signal transduction pathways that activate systemic acquired resistance in systemic tissue. MeSA is believed to be an inactive form that needs to be demethylated to exert a biological effect; Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily. Methylesterase family. (256 aa)
UGT76D1UDP-glycosyltransferase 76D1; Possesses low quercetin 7-O-glucosyltransferase activity in vitro. (452 aa)
ACX2Acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 2, peroxisomal; Catalyzes the desaturation of long-chain acyl-CoAs to 2- trans-enoyl-CoAs. Active on substrates longer than C14 and mostly with C18-CoA. Activity on long-chain mono-unsaturated substrates is double than with the corresponding saturated substrates. (692 aa)
GH3.5Indole-3-acetic acid-amido synthetase GH3.5; Catalyzes the synthesis of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-amino acid conjugates, providing a mechanism for the plant to cope with the presence of excess auxin. Strongly reactive with Glu, Gln, Trp, Asp, Ala, Leu, Phe, Gly, Tyr, Met, Ile and Val. Little or no product formation with His, Ser, Thr, Arg, Lys, or Cys. Also active on pyruvic and butyric acid analogs of IAA, PAA and the synthetic auxin naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The two chlorinated synthetic auxin herbicides 2,4-D and 3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid (dicamba) cannot be used as substrates [...] (612 aa)
T16L1.210Putative pathogenesis-related protein 1, 19.3K; Belongs to the CRISP family. (163 aa)
T16L1.220Pathogenesis-related protein-like; Belongs to the CRISP family. (172 aa)
ACX3Acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 3, peroxisomal; Catalyzes the desaturation of medium-chain acyl-CoAs to 2- trans-enoyl-CoAs. Active on C8:0- to C14:0-CoA with a maximal activity on C12:0-CoA. (675 aa)
TSB1Tryptophan synthase beta chain 1, chloroplastic; The beta subunit is responsible for the synthesis of L- tryptophan from indole and L-serine; Belongs to the TrpB family. (470 aa)
CAT2Catalase-2; Occurs in almost all aerobically respiring organisms and serves to protect cells from the toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide; Belongs to the catalase family. (492 aa)
GAPA1Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase GAPA1, chloroplastic; Involved in the photosynthetic reductive pentose phosphate pathway (Calvin-Benson cycle). Catalyzes the reduction of 1,3- diphosphoglycerate by NADPH (By similarity). (396 aa)
GAPC1Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase GAPC1, cytosolic; Key enzyme in glycolysis that catalyzes the first step of the pathway by converting D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) into 3- phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate. Essential for the maintenance of cellular ATP levels and carbohydrate metabolism. Required for full fertility. Involved in response to oxidative stress by mediating plant responses to abscisic acid (ABA) and water deficits through the activation of PLDDELTA and production of phosphatidic acid (PA), a multifunctional stress signaling lipid in plants. Associates with FBA6 to [...] (338 aa)
BCA1Beta carbonic anhydrase 1, chloroplastic; Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. Required for photosynthesis in cotyledons. Binds salicylic acid. Together with BCA4, involved in the CO(2) signaling pathway which controls gas-exchange between plants and the atmosphere by modulating stomatal development and movements. Promotes water use efficiency. (347 aa)
PR1-2Pathogenesis-related protein 1; Partially responsible for acquired pathogen resistance. (161 aa)
PAL1Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 1; This is a key enzyme of plant metabolism catalyzing the first reaction in the biosynthesis from L-phenylalanine of a wide variety of natural products based on the phenylpropane skeleton; Belongs to the PAL/histidase family. (725 aa)
GSTF10Glutathione S-transferase F10; In vitro, possesses glutathione S-transferase activity toward 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) and benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC). May be involved in the conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles and have a detoxification role against certain herbicides. (215 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Arabidopsis thaliana
NCBI taxonomy Id: 3702
Other names: A. thaliana, Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh., mouse-ear cress, thale cress, thale-cress
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