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EMB2360 | Glutathione reductase, chloroplastic; Maintains high levels of reduced glutathione in the chloroplast. (565 aa) | ||||
GSH1 | Glutamate--cysteine ligase, chloroplastic; Seems to play an important role in controlling the expression of resistance responses like the regulation of salicylic acid (SA) and phytoalexin (camalexin) production. Involved in resistance to fungal and bacterial pathogens. Required for the regulation of cell proliferation in root apical meristems through the GSH-dependent developmental pathway. Also participates in the detoxification process, the antioxidant response and is essential for embryo development and proper seed maturation. Belongs to the carboxylate-amine ligase family. Glutamat [...] (522 aa) | ||||
GSH2 | Glutathione synthetase, chloroplastic. (539 aa) | ||||
GPX1 | Phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase 1, chloroplastic; Protects cells and enzymes from oxidative damage, by catalyzing the reduction of hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxides and organic hydroperoxide, by glutathione. (236 aa) | ||||
MDAR5 | Monodehydroascorbate reductase, chloroplastic/mitochondrial; Catalyzes the conversion of monodehydroascorbate (MDA) to ascorbate, oxidizing NADH in the process. Can also use 2,4,6- trinitrotoluene (TNT) and 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) as substrates, but not 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene (CNB). Belongs to the FAD-dependent oxidoreductase family. (493 aa) | ||||
APX1 | L-ascorbate peroxidase 1, cytosolic; Plays a key role in hydrogen peroxide removal. Constitutes a central component of the reactive oxygen gene network. (250 aa) | ||||
ACO4 | 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase 4; Enzyme involved in the ethylene biosynthesis. May promote stem elongation by maximizing the extensibility cells, possibly by activating ethylene biosynthesis, in response to very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs C20:0 to C30:0); Belongs to the iron/ascorbate-dependent oxidoreductase family. (323 aa) | ||||
VDE1 | Violaxanthin de-epoxidase, chloroplastic; Part of the xanthophyll (or violaxanthin) cycle for controlling the concentration of zeaxanthin in chloroplasts. Catalyzes the two-step mono de-epoxidation reaction. Stereospecific for all-trans xanthophylls. Zeaxanthin induces the dissipation of excitation energy in the chlorophyll of the light-harvesting protein complex of photosystem II; Belongs to the calycin superfamily. Lipocalin family. (462 aa) | ||||
PGL3-2 | 6-phosphogluconolactonase 3, chloroplastic; Catalyzes the hydrolysis of 6-phosphogluconolactone to 6- phosphogluconate. Involved in the regulation of cellular redox state; enzymatic activity is required for this function. Required for sugar-dependent expression of nitrate assimilation genes in the nucleus of root cells. Belongs to the glucosamine/galactosamine-6-phosphate isomerase family. 6-phosphogluconolactonase subfamily. (325 aa) | ||||
T6D22.20 | Lactoylglutathione lyase; Catalyzes the conversion of hemimercaptal, formed from methylglyoxal and glutathione, to S-lactoylglutathione. (185 aa) | ||||
GPX4 | Probable glutathione peroxidase 4; May constitute a glutathione peroxidase-like protective system against oxidative stresses; Belongs to the glutathione peroxidase family. (170 aa) | ||||
GPX8 | Probable glutathione peroxidase 8; May constitute a glutathione peroxidase-like protective system against oxidative stresses; Belongs to the glutathione peroxidase family. (167 aa) | ||||
GLX2-4 | Probable hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase 2, chloroplastic; Thiolesterase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of S-D-lactoyl- glutathione to form glutathione and D-lactic acid; Belongs to the metallo-beta-lactamase superfamily. Glyoxalase II family. (331 aa) | ||||
DHAR3 | Glutathione S-transferase DHAR3, chloroplastic; Displays a dual function. As a soluble protein, exhibits glutathione-dependent thiol transferase and dehydroascorbate (DHA) reductase activities. Key component of the ascorbate recycling system. Involved in the redox homeostasis, especially in scavenging of ROS under oxidative stresses (By similarity). (258 aa) | ||||
PGL5 | Probable 6-phosphogluconolactonase 5; Catalyzes the hydrolysis of 6-phosphogluconolactone to 6- phosphogluconate. (252 aa) | ||||
PGL2-2 | Probable 6-phosphogluconolactonase 2; Catalyzes the hydrolysis of 6-phosphogluconolactone to 6- phosphogluconate. (259 aa) | ||||
VTC2 | GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase 1; Catalyzes a reaction of the Smirnoff-Wheeler pathway, the major route to ascorbate biosynthesis in plants. Acts as a phosphorylase rather than as a transferase. Uses preferentially GDP-L- galactose and GDP-D-glucose as substrates. Lower activity with GDP-L- fucose, very low activity with GDP-D-mannose, and no activity with UDP- D-glucose, UDP-D-galactose or ADP-D-glucose. Highly specific for inorganic phosphate as the guanylyl acceptor. (442 aa) | ||||
F1N21.10 | Probable lactoylglutathione lyase, chloroplastic; Catalyzes the conversion of hemimercaptal, formed from methylglyoxal and glutathione, to S-lactoylglutathione. (350 aa) | ||||
GLY3 | Persulfide dioxygenase ETHE1 homolog, mitochondrial; Sulfur dioxygenase that plays an essential role in hydrogen sulfide catabolism in the mitochondrial matrix. Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) gives rise to cysteine persulfide residues. ETHE1 consumes molecular oxygen to catalyze the oxidation of the persulfide, once it has been transferred to a thiophilic acceptor, such as glutathione (R- SSH). Plays an important role in metabolic homeostasis in mitochondria by metabolizing hydrogen sulfide and preventing the accumulation of supraphysiological H(2)S levels that have toxic effects, due to the [...] (294 aa) | ||||
LOX6 | Lipoxygenase 6, chloroplastic; Plant lipoxygenases may be involved in a number of diverse aspects of plant physiology including growth and development, pest resistance, and senescence or responses to wounding. Catalyzes the hydroperoxidation of lipids containing a cis,cis-1,4-pentadiene structure (By similarity). 13S-lipoxygenase that can use linolenic acid as substrates. (917 aa) | ||||
PGL4 | Probable 6-phosphogluconolactonase 4; Catalyzes the hydrolysis of 6-phosphogluconolactone to 6- phosphogluconate; Belongs to the glucosamine/galactosamine-6-phosphate isomerase family. 6-phosphogluconolactonase subfamily. (261 aa) | ||||
OXP1 | 5-oxoprolinase; Catalyzes the cleavage of 5-oxo-L-proline to form L-glutamate coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and inorganic phosphate. Acts in the glutathione degradation pathway. (1266 aa) | ||||
LOX4 | Lipoxygenase 4, chloroplastic; Plant lipoxygenases may be involved in a number of diverse aspects of plant physiology including growth and development, pest resistance, and senescence or responses to wounding. Catalyzes the hydroperoxidation of lipids containing a cis,cis-1,4-pentadiene structure (By similarity). 13S-lipoxygenase that can use linolenic acid as substrates. (926 aa) | ||||
DHAR2 | Glutathione S-transferase DHAR2; Displays a dual function. As a soluble protein, exhibits glutathione-dependent thiol transferase and dehydroascorbate (DHA) reductase activities. Exhibits glutathione-dependent thiol transferase and dehydroascorbate (DHA) reductase activities. Key component of the ascorbate recycling system. Involved in the redox homeostasis, especially in scavenging of ROS under oxidative stresses. Plays a role in ozone tolerance; Belongs to the GST superfamily. DHAR family. (213 aa) | ||||
DHAR1 | Glutathione S-transferase DHAR1, mitochondrial; Displays a dual function. As a soluble protein, exhibits glutathione-dependent thiol transferase and dehydroascorbate (DHA) reductase activities. Key component of the ascorbate recycling system. Involved in the redox homeostasis, especially in scavenging of ROS under oxidative stresses, subsequently to biotic or abiotic inducers. As a peripheral membrane protein, could also function as voltage-gated ion channel. Belongs to the GST superfamily. DHAR family. (213 aa) | ||||
CML32 | Probable calcium-binding protein CML32; Potential calcium sensor. (146 aa) | ||||
PGL1-2 | Probable 6-phosphogluconolactonase 1; Catalyzes the hydrolysis of 6-phosphogluconolactone to 6- phosphogluconate. (268 aa) | ||||
LOX3 | Lipoxygenase 3, chloroplastic; 13S-lipoxygenase that can use linolenic acid as substrates. Plant lipoxygenases may be involved in a number of diverse aspects of plant physiology including growth and development, pest resistance, and senescence or responses to wounding. Catalyzes the hydroperoxidation of lipids containing a cis,cis-1,4-pentadiene structure (By similarity). (919 aa) | ||||
GLYR1 | Glyoxylate/succinic semialdehyde reductase 1; Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of glyoxylate to glycolate as well as succinic semialdehyde (SSA) to gamma- hydroxybutyrate in vitro. May function in redox homeostasis and play a role in oxidative stress tolerance by detoxifying glyoxylate and SSA generated in glycolate metabolism and GABA metabolism, respectively. (289 aa) | ||||
GPX5 | Probable glutathione peroxidase 5; May constitute a glutathione peroxidase-like protective system against oxidative stresses. (173 aa) | ||||
GLX2-5 | Hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase 2, mitochondrial; Thiolesterase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of S-D-lactoyl- glutathione to form glutathione and D-lactic acid. (324 aa) | ||||
MDAR3 | Monodehydroascorbate reductase 3; Catalyzes the conversion of monodehydroascorbate to ascorbate, oxidizing NADH in the process. Required for producing sufficient ascorbate to maintain the interaction between Piriformospora indica and Arabidopsis in a mutualistic state. (441 aa) | ||||
GPX7 | Putative glutathione peroxidase 7, chloroplastic; May constitute a glutathione peroxidase-like protective system against oxidative stresses. (233 aa) | ||||
F1C9.19 | Transferase. (666 aa) | ||||
GPX2 | Probable glutathione peroxidase 2; May constitute a glutathione peroxidase-like protective system against oxidative stresses; Belongs to the glutathione peroxidase family. (169 aa) | ||||
GPX3 | Probable glutathione peroxidase 3, mitochondrial; May constitute a glutathione peroxidase-like protective system against oxidative stresses. Involved positively in abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway that regulates numerous ABA responses, such as stomatal closure, seed germination and inhibition of vegetative growth. Oxidizes and represses target proteins (e.g. the phosphatase activity of ABI1 and ABI2) when oxidized by H(2)O(2), probably after ABA signaling. Modulates the calcium channel activity in guard cells in response to ABA or H(2)O(2). Confers tolerance to drought stress, by [...] (206 aa) | ||||
GLX2-1 | Hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase 1, mitochondrial; Thiolesterase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of S-D-lactoyl- glutathione to form glutathione and D-lactic acid. (331 aa) | ||||
GLX2-2 | Hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase cytoplasmic; Thiolesterase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of S-D-lactoyl- glutathione to form glutathione and D-lactic acid. Belongs to the metallo-beta-lactamase superfamily. Glyoxalase II family. (258 aa) | ||||
GPX6 | Probable phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase 6, mitochondrial; Protects cells and enzymes from oxidative damage, by catalyzing the reduction of hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxides and organic hydroperoxide, by glutathione. (232 aa) | ||||
GLX1 | Lactoylglutathione lyase GLX1; Catalyzes the conversion of hemimercaptal, formed from methylglyoxal and glutathione, to S-lactoylglutathione. (283 aa) | ||||
LOX2 | Lipoxygenase 2, chloroplastic; 13S-lipoxygenase that can use linolenic acid as substrates. Plant lipoxygenases may be involved in a number of diverse aspects of plant physiology including growth and development, pest resistance, and senescence or responses to wounding. Catalyzes the hydroperoxidation of lipids containing a cis,cis-1,4-pentadiene structure. Required for the wound-induced synthesis of jasmonic acid (JA) in leaves. (896 aa) |