Accelerated cell death 11; Exhibits selective intermembrane transfer of ceramide-1- phosphate (C1P) and phytoceramide-1-phosphate. Does not transport ceramide (Cer) or GalCer, suggesting a requirement for phosphate in the headgroup for functionality. Transports in vitro sphingosine, but not glycosphigolipids. Has also some in vitro activity with sphingomyelin, a lipid not detected in plant tissues. The transport function may be not directly involved in regulating cell death. Rather, perturbations in the function of ACD11 or related components could be monitored by R-proteins, which the [...]

Protein CPR-5; May play a role in transcriptional processes. Regulates negatively the senescence and chlorotic lesions induced by biotic (e.g. pathogens) and abiotic (e.g. sugars, darkness) agents, probably by controlling programmed cell death (pcd). Negative regulator of plant programmed cell death (PCD) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Promotes cell division and endoreduplication (e.g. in trichomes).

Accelerated cell death 11; Exhibits selective intermembrane transfer of ceramide-1- phosphate (C1P) and phytoceramide-1-phosphate. Does not transport ceramide (Cer) or GalCer, suggesting a requirement for phosphate in the headgroup for functionality. Transports in vitro sphingosine, but not glycosphigolipids. Has also some in vitro activity with sphingomyelin, a lipid not detected in plant tissues. The transport function may be not directly involved in regulating cell death. Rather, perturbations in the function of ACD11 or related components could be monitored by R-proteins, which the [...]

Serine/threonine-protein kinase EDR1; MAPKKK serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in the regulation of a MAP kinase cascade (probably including MPK3 and MPK6) that negatively regulates salicylic acid- (SA-) dependent defense responses, abscisic acid (ABA) signaling, and ethylene-induced senescence. Modulates also stress response (e.g. drought) signaling and cell death, in an ORE9-dependent manner. Functions at a point of cross talk between ethylene, ABA and SA signaling that impinges on senescence and cell death. On the other hand, it confers sensitivity to various pathogens such a [...]

Accelerated cell death 11; Exhibits selective intermembrane transfer of ceramide-1- phosphate (C1P) and phytoceramide-1-phosphate. Does not transport ceramide (Cer) or GalCer, suggesting a requirement for phosphate in the headgroup for functionality. Transports in vitro sphingosine, but not glycosphigolipids. Has also some in vitro activity with sphingomyelin, a lipid not detected in plant tissues. The transport function may be not directly involved in regulating cell death. Rather, perturbations in the function of ACD11 or related components could be monitored by R-proteins, which the [...]

Protein EDS1; Positive regulator of basal resistance and of effector- triggered immunity specifically mediated by TIR-NB-LRR (TNL) resistance proteins. Disruption by bacterial effector of EDS1-TIR-NB-LRR resistance protein interactions constitutes the first step in resistance activation. Acts redundantly with salicylic acid to regulate resistance gene-mediated signaling. Triggers early plant defenses and hypersensitive response independently of PAD4, and then recruits PAD4 to potentiate plant defenses through the accumulation of salicylic acid. Nuclear localization is essential for bas [...]

Accelerated cell death 11; Exhibits selective intermembrane transfer of ceramide-1- phosphate (C1P) and phytoceramide-1-phosphate. Does not transport ceramide (Cer) or GalCer, suggesting a requirement for phosphate in the headgroup for functionality. Transports in vitro sphingosine, but not glycosphigolipids. Has also some in vitro activity with sphingomyelin, a lipid not detected in plant tissues. The transport function may be not directly involved in regulating cell death. Rather, perturbations in the function of ACD11 or related components could be monitored by R-proteins, which the [...]

Isochorismate synthase 1, chloroplastic; Involved in the synthesis of salicylic acid (SA) required for both local and systemic acquired resistance (LAR and SAR) while SA synthesized through the phenylalanine ammonium lyase (PAL) pathway seems to potentiate plant cell death. Also involved in phylloquinone (vitamin K1) synthesis. Has no isochorismate pyruvate lyase (IPL) activity.

Accelerated cell death 11; Exhibits selective intermembrane transfer of ceramide-1- phosphate (C1P) and phytoceramide-1-phosphate. Does not transport ceramide (Cer) or GalCer, suggesting a requirement for phosphate in the headgroup for functionality. Transports in vitro sphingosine, but not glycosphigolipids. Has also some in vitro activity with sphingomyelin, a lipid not detected in plant tissues. The transport function may be not directly involved in regulating cell death. Rather, perturbations in the function of ACD11 or related components could be monitored by R-proteins, which the [...]

LRR protein.

Accelerated cell death 11; Exhibits selective intermembrane transfer of ceramide-1- phosphate (C1P) and phytoceramide-1-phosphate. Does not transport ceramide (Cer) or GalCer, suggesting a requirement for phosphate in the headgroup for functionality. Transports in vitro sphingosine, but not glycosphigolipids. Has also some in vitro activity with sphingomyelin, a lipid not detected in plant tissues. The transport function may be not directly involved in regulating cell death. Rather, perturbations in the function of ACD11 or related components could be monitored by R-proteins, which the [...]

Regulatory protein NPR1; May act as a substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase complex (CUL3-RBX1-BTB) which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (By similarity). Key positive regulator of the SA-dependent signaling pathway that negatively regulates JA-dependent signaling pathway. Mediates the binding of TGA factors to the as-1 motif found in the pathogenesis-related PR-1 gene, leading to the transcriptional regulation of the gene defense. Controls the onset of systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Upon SAR induction, [...]

Accelerated cell death 11; Exhibits selective intermembrane transfer of ceramide-1- phosphate (C1P) and phytoceramide-1-phosphate. Does not transport ceramide (Cer) or GalCer, suggesting a requirement for phosphate in the headgroup for functionality. Transports in vitro sphingosine, but not glycosphigolipids. Has also some in vitro activity with sphingomyelin, a lipid not detected in plant tissues. The transport function may be not directly involved in regulating cell death. Rather, perturbations in the function of ACD11 or related components could be monitored by R-proteins, which the [...]

Lipase-like PAD4; Probable lipase required downstream of MPK4 for accumulation of the plant defense-potentiating molecule, salicylic acid, thus contributing to the plant innate immunity against invasive biotrophic pathogens and to defense mechanisms upon recognition of microbe- associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). Participates in the regulation of various molecular and physiological processes that influence fitness. Together with SG101, required for programmed cell death (PCD) triggered by NBS-LRR resistance proteins (e.g. RPS4, RPW8.1 and RPW8.2) in response to the fungal toxin fumo [...]

Accelerated cell death 11; Exhibits selective intermembrane transfer of ceramide-1- phosphate (C1P) and phytoceramide-1-phosphate. Does not transport ceramide (Cer) or GalCer, suggesting a requirement for phosphate in the headgroup for functionality. Transports in vitro sphingosine, but not glycosphigolipids. Has also some in vitro activity with sphingomyelin, a lipid not detected in plant tissues. The transport function may be not directly involved in regulating cell death. Rather, perturbations in the function of ACD11 or related components could be monitored by R-proteins, which the [...]

Toll/interleukin-1 receptor-like protein; Disease resistance protein. Resistance proteins guard the plant against pathogens that contain an appropriate avirulence protein via a direct or indirect interaction with this avirulence protein. That triggers a defense system including the hypersensitive response, which restricts the pathogen growth (By similarity).

Protein CDC73 homolog; Component of the PAF1 complex (PAF1C) which is involved in histone modifications such as methylation on histone H3 'Lys-4' (H3K4me3). Involved in regulation of flowering time. Required for the expression of the flowering repressors FLC and MADS- box genes of the MAF family. Required for histone H3 trimethylation on 'Lys-4' (H3K4me3) at the FLC locus. Prevents trimethylation on 'Lys-27' (H3K27me3) at the same locus.

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase GAPC1, cytosolic; Key enzyme in glycolysis that catalyzes the first step of the pathway by converting D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) into 3- phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate. Essential for the maintenance of cellular ATP levels and carbohydrate metabolism. Required for full fertility. Involved in response to oxidative stress by mediating plant responses to abscisic acid (ABA) and water deficits through the activation of PLDDELTA and production of phosphatidic acid (PA), a multifunctional stress signaling lipid in plants. Associates with FBA6 to [...]

Protein CDC73 homolog; Component of the PAF1 complex (PAF1C) which is involved in histone modifications such as methylation on histone H3 'Lys-4' (H3K4me3). Involved in regulation of flowering time. Required for the expression of the flowering repressors FLC and MADS- box genes of the MAF family. Required for histone H3 trimethylation on 'Lys-4' (H3K4me3) at the FLC locus. Prevents trimethylation on 'Lys-27' (H3K27me3) at the same locus.

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase GAPC2, cytosolic; Key enzyme in glycolysis that catalyzes the first step of the pathway by converting D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) into 3- phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate. Essential for the maintenance of cellular ATP levels and carbohydrate metabolism (By similarity). Binds DNA in vitro.

Protein CDC73 homolog; Component of the PAF1 complex (PAF1C) which is involved in histone modifications such as methylation on histone H3 'Lys-4' (H3K4me3). Involved in regulation of flowering time. Required for the expression of the flowering repressors FLC and MADS- box genes of the MAF family. Required for histone H3 trimethylation on 'Lys-4' (H3K4me3) at the FLC locus. Prevents trimethylation on 'Lys-27' (H3K27me3) at the same locus.

Toll/interleukin-1 receptor-like protein; Disease resistance protein. Resistance proteins guard the plant against pathogens that contain an appropriate avirulence protein via a direct or indirect interaction with this avirulence protein. That triggers a defense system including the hypersensitive response, which restricts the pathogen growth (By similarity).

Coronatine-insensitive protein 1; Required for jasmonate-regulated plant fertility and defense processes, and for coronatine and/or other elicitors perceptions/responses. Seems to not be required for meiosis. Required for the regulation of some genes induced by wounding, but not for all. Component of SCF(COI1) E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes, which may mediate the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (probably including the ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase small chain 1B RBCS-1B and the histone deacetylase HDA6). These SCF complexes play crucial roles [...]

Protein CPR-5; May play a role in transcriptional processes. Regulates negatively the senescence and chlorotic lesions induced by biotic (e.g. pathogens) and abiotic (e.g. sugars, darkness) agents, probably by controlling programmed cell death (pcd). Negative regulator of plant programmed cell death (PCD) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Promotes cell division and endoreduplication (e.g. in trichomes).

Coronatine-insensitive protein 1; Required for jasmonate-regulated plant fertility and defense processes, and for coronatine and/or other elicitors perceptions/responses. Seems to not be required for meiosis. Required for the regulation of some genes induced by wounding, but not for all. Component of SCF(COI1) E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes, which may mediate the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (probably including the ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase small chain 1B RBCS-1B and the histone deacetylase HDA6). These SCF complexes play crucial roles [...]

Serine/threonine-protein kinase EDR1; MAPKKK serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in the regulation of a MAP kinase cascade (probably including MPK3 and MPK6) that negatively regulates salicylic acid- (SA-) dependent defense responses, abscisic acid (ABA) signaling, and ethylene-induced senescence. Modulates also stress response (e.g. drought) signaling and cell death, in an ORE9-dependent manner. Functions at a point of cross talk between ethylene, ABA and SA signaling that impinges on senescence and cell death. On the other hand, it confers sensitivity to various pathogens such a [...]

Coronatine-insensitive protein 1; Required for jasmonate-regulated plant fertility and defense processes, and for coronatine and/or other elicitors perceptions/responses. Seems to not be required for meiosis. Required for the regulation of some genes induced by wounding, but not for all. Component of SCF(COI1) E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes, which may mediate the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (probably including the ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase small chain 1B RBCS-1B and the histone deacetylase HDA6). These SCF complexes play crucial roles [...]

Protein EDS1; Positive regulator of basal resistance and of effector- triggered immunity specifically mediated by TIR-NB-LRR (TNL) resistance proteins. Disruption by bacterial effector of EDS1-TIR-NB-LRR resistance protein interactions constitutes the first step in resistance activation. Acts redundantly with salicylic acid to regulate resistance gene-mediated signaling. Triggers early plant defenses and hypersensitive response independently of PAD4, and then recruits PAD4 to potentiate plant defenses through the accumulation of salicylic acid. Nuclear localization is essential for bas [...]

Coronatine-insensitive protein 1; Required for jasmonate-regulated plant fertility and defense processes, and for coronatine and/or other elicitors perceptions/responses. Seems to not be required for meiosis. Required for the regulation of some genes induced by wounding, but not for all. Component of SCF(COI1) E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes, which may mediate the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (probably including the ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase small chain 1B RBCS-1B and the histone deacetylase HDA6). These SCF complexes play crucial roles [...]

Isochorismate synthase 1, chloroplastic; Involved in the synthesis of salicylic acid (SA) required for both local and systemic acquired resistance (LAR and SAR) while SA synthesized through the phenylalanine ammonium lyase (PAL) pathway seems to potentiate plant cell death. Also involved in phylloquinone (vitamin K1) synthesis. Has no isochorismate pyruvate lyase (IPL) activity.

Coronatine-insensitive protein 1; Required for jasmonate-regulated plant fertility and defense processes, and for coronatine and/or other elicitors perceptions/responses. Seems to not be required for meiosis. Required for the regulation of some genes induced by wounding, but not for all. Component of SCF(COI1) E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes, which may mediate the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (probably including the ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase small chain 1B RBCS-1B and the histone deacetylase HDA6). These SCF complexes play crucial roles [...]

Regulatory protein NPR1; May act as a substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase complex (CUL3-RBX1-BTB) which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (By similarity). Key positive regulator of the SA-dependent signaling pathway that negatively regulates JA-dependent signaling pathway. Mediates the binding of TGA factors to the as-1 motif found in the pathogenesis-related PR-1 gene, leading to the transcriptional regulation of the gene defense. Controls the onset of systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Upon SAR induction, [...]

Coronatine-insensitive protein 1; Required for jasmonate-regulated plant fertility and defense processes, and for coronatine and/or other elicitors perceptions/responses. Seems to not be required for meiosis. Required for the regulation of some genes induced by wounding, but not for all. Component of SCF(COI1) E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes, which may mediate the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (probably including the ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase small chain 1B RBCS-1B and the histone deacetylase HDA6). These SCF complexes play crucial roles [...]

Lipase-like PAD4; Probable lipase required downstream of MPK4 for accumulation of the plant defense-potentiating molecule, salicylic acid, thus contributing to the plant innate immunity against invasive biotrophic pathogens and to defense mechanisms upon recognition of microbe- associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). Participates in the regulation of various molecular and physiological processes that influence fitness. Together with SG101, required for programmed cell death (PCD) triggered by NBS-LRR resistance proteins (e.g. RPS4, RPW8.1 and RPW8.2) in response to the fungal toxin fumo [...]

Coronatine-insensitive protein 1; Required for jasmonate-regulated plant fertility and defense processes, and for coronatine and/or other elicitors perceptions/responses. Seems to not be required for meiosis. Required for the regulation of some genes induced by wounding, but not for all. Component of SCF(COI1) E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes, which may mediate the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (probably including the ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase small chain 1B RBCS-1B and the histone deacetylase HDA6). These SCF complexes play crucial roles [...]

Defensin-like protein 16; Confers broad-spectrum resistance to pathogens. Has antifungal activity in vitro; Belongs to the DEFL family.

Coronatine-insensitive protein 1; Required for jasmonate-regulated plant fertility and defense processes, and for coronatine and/or other elicitors perceptions/responses. Seems to not be required for meiosis. Required for the regulation of some genes induced by wounding, but not for all. Component of SCF(COI1) E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes, which may mediate the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (probably including the ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase small chain 1B RBCS-1B and the histone deacetylase HDA6). These SCF complexes play crucial roles [...]

Pathogenesis-related protein 5; Partially responsible for acquired pathogen resistance.

Coronatine-insensitive protein 1; Required for jasmonate-regulated plant fertility and defense processes, and for coronatine and/or other elicitors perceptions/responses. Seems to not be required for meiosis. Required for the regulation of some genes induced by wounding, but not for all. Component of SCF(COI1) E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes, which may mediate the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (probably including the ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase small chain 1B RBCS-1B and the histone deacetylase HDA6). These SCF complexes play crucial roles [...]

Respiratory burst oxidase homolog protein D; Calcium-dependent NADPH oxidase that generates superoxide. Involved in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during incompatible interactions with pathogens and in UV-B and abscisic acid ROS-dependent signaling. Might be required for ROS signal amplification during light stress. Belongs to the RBOH (TC 5.B.1.3) family.