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RBOHD RBOHD CBP60G CBP60G WRKY22 WRKY22 RBOHF RBOHF SIRK SIRK MKK4 MKK4 AKR4C8 AKR4C8 NPC2 NPC2 RBOHC RBOHC MSD1 MSD1 HSP17.7 HSP17.7 VSP2 VSP2 PAL1 PAL1 PAL2 PAL2 PAL3 PAL3 AP2 AP2 NPR1 NPR1 APX1 APX1 BCB BCB AKR4C9 AKR4C9 MEKK1 MEKK1 MPK3 MPK3 MPK6 MPK6 NPR4 NPR4 WRKY38 WRKY38 NPC6 NPC6 NPR3 NPR3 NPC1 NPC1 ERF1B ERF1B MKK5 MKK5 WRKY28 WRKY28 SAG21 SAG21 BAK1 BAK1 SARD1 SARD1 PDF1.2A PDF1.2A CSD3 CSD3 FSD3 FSD3 NIMIN-1 NIMIN-1 OPR3 OPR3 SWEET15 SWEET15 ERF094 ERF094 OXI1 OXI1 FSD2 FSD2 NIMIN-2 NIMIN-2 PAD4 PAD4 ICS1 ICS1 NPC5 NPC5 GSTU24 GSTU24 WRKY46 WRKY46 NPC4 NPC4 PAL4 PAL4 EDS1 EDS1 HSP17.6A HSP17.6A SAG13 SAG13 GSTU6 GSTU6
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query proteins and first shell of interactors
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second shell of interactors
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proteins of unknown 3D structure
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a 3D structure is known or predicted
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RBOHDRespiratory burst oxidase homolog protein D; Calcium-dependent NADPH oxidase that generates superoxide. Involved in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during incompatible interactions with pathogens and in UV-B and abscisic acid ROS-dependent signaling. Might be required for ROS signal amplification during light stress. Belongs to the RBOH (TC 5.B.1.3) family. (921 aa)
CBP60GCalmodulin-binding protein 60 G; Transcription activator that binds DNA in a sequence-specific manner, 5'-GAAATTTTGG-3', to promote the expression of target genes. Recruited to the promoter of ICS1 and other defense-related genes (e.g. PR1, PR2 and EDS5) in response to both biotic (e.g. Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola ES4326, P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000, and microbe- associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) such as flg22) and abiotic stresses (e.g. UV-B, drought and abscisic acid), thus triggering rapid defense responses by stimulating salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis. Involved in b [...] (563 aa)
WRKY22WRKY transcription factor 22; Transcription factor involved in the expression of defense genes in innate immune response of plants. Interacts specifically with the W box (5'-(T)TGAC[CT]-3'), a frequently occurring elicitor- responsive cis-acting element. Activates WRKY 29, SIRK and its own promoters; Belongs to the WRKY group II-e family. (298 aa)
RBOHFRespiratory burst oxidase homolog protein F; Calcium-dependent NADPH oxidase that generates superoxide. Generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) during incompatible interactions with pathogens and is important in the regulation of the hypersensitive response (HR). Involved in abscisic acid-induced stomatal closing and in UV-B and abscisic acid ROS-dependent signaling. Belongs to the RBOH (TC 5.B.1.3) family. (944 aa)
SIRKSenescence-induced receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase; Involved in innate immune response of plants. Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (876 aa)
MKK4Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4; Involved in the second phase of hydrogen peroxide generation during hypersensitive response-like cell death. Involved in the innate immune MAP kinase signaling cascade (MEKK1, MKK4/MKK5 and MPK3/MPK6) downstream of bacterial flagellin receptor FLS2. Activates by phosphorylation the downstream MPK3 and MPK6. YDA-MKK4/MKK5-MPK3/MPK6 module regulates stomatal cell fate before the guard mother cell (GMC) is specified. This MAPK cascade also functions downstream of the ER receptor in regulating coordinated local cell proliferation, which shapes the [...] (366 aa)
AKR4C8Aldo-keto reductase family 4 member C8; Oxidoreductase acting on a broad range of substrates: reduces ketosteroids, aromatic aldehydes, ketones, sugars and other aliphatic aldehydes, and oxidizes hydroxysteroids. May function as detoxifiying enzyme by reducing a range of toxic aldehydes and ketones produced during stress. (311 aa)
NPC2Non-specific phospholipase C2. (514 aa)
RBOHCRespiratory burst oxidase homolog protein C; Calcium-dependent NADPH oxidase that generates superoxide. Required for H(2)O(2) production in response to K(+) deficiency and for the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that regulate cell expansion through the activation of Ca(2+) channels. Belongs to the RBOH (TC 5.B.1.3) family. (905 aa)
MSD1Superoxide dismutase [Mn] 1, mitochondrial; Destroys superoxide anion radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems; Belongs to the iron/manganese superoxide dismutase family. (231 aa)
HSP17.717.7 kDa class II heat shock protein; Belongs to the small heat shock protein (HSP20) family. (156 aa)
VSP2Vegetative storage protein 2; May function as somatic storage protein during early seedling development; Belongs to the APS1/VSP family. (265 aa)
PAL1Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 1; This is a key enzyme of plant metabolism catalyzing the first reaction in the biosynthesis from L-phenylalanine of a wide variety of natural products based on the phenylpropane skeleton; Belongs to the PAL/histidase family. (725 aa)
PAL2Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 2; This is a key enzyme of plant metabolism catalyzing the first reaction in the biosynthesis from L-phenylalanine of a wide variety of natural products based on the phenylpropane skeleton; Belongs to the PAL/histidase family. (717 aa)
PAL3Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 3; This is a key enzyme of plant metabolism catalyzing the first reaction in the biosynthesis from L-phenylalanine of a wide variety of natural products based on the phenylpropane skeleton. (694 aa)
AP2Floral homeotic protein APETALA 2; Probable transcriptional activator that promotes early floral meristem identity. Is required subsequently for the transition of an inflorescence meristem into a floral meristem. Plays a central role in the specification of floral identity, particularly for the normal development of sepals and petals in the wild-type flower, by spatially controlling the expression domains of multiple floral organ identity genes. Acts as A class cadastral protein by repressing the C class floral homeotic gene AGAMOUS in association with other repressors like LEUNIG and [...] (432 aa)
NPR1Regulatory protein NPR1; May act as a substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase complex (CUL3-RBX1-BTB) which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (By similarity). Key positive regulator of the SA-dependent signaling pathway that negatively regulates JA-dependent signaling pathway. Mediates the binding of TGA factors to the as-1 motif found in the pathogenesis-related PR-1 gene, leading to the transcriptional regulation of the gene defense. Controls the onset of systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Upon SAR induction, [...] (593 aa)
APX1L-ascorbate peroxidase 1, cytosolic; Plays a key role in hydrogen peroxide removal. Constitutes a central component of the reactive oxygen gene network. (250 aa)
BCBBlue copper protein; Probably acts as an electron carrier. (196 aa)
AKR4C9NADPH-dependent aldo-keto reductase, chloroplastic; Oxidoreductase acting on a broad range of substrates: reduces ketosteroids, aromatic aldehydes, ketones, sugars and other aliphatic aldehydes, and oxidizes hydroxysteroids. Aldehyde reductase that catalyzes the reduction of the aldehyde carbonyl groups on saturated and alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes. No activity on alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones. Can use propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, methylglyoxal, (E)-2-pentenal, (E)-2- hexenal, (Z)-3-hexenal and (E)-2-nonenal as substrates, propenal (acrolein), crotonaldehyde, but not 2-butanone [...] (315 aa)
MEKK1Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1; The MEKK1, MKK1/MKK2 and MPK4 function in a signaling pathway that modulates the expression of genes responding to biotic and abiotic stresses and also plays an important role in pathogen defense by negatively regulating innate immunity. Involved in the innate immune MAP kinase signaling cascade (MEKK1, MKK4/MKK5 and MPK3/MPK6) downstream of bacterial flagellin receptor FLS2. May be involved in the cold and salinity stress-mediated MAP kinase signaling cascade (MEKK1, MKK1/MKK2 and MPK4/MPK6). Activates by phosphorylation the downstream [...] (608 aa)
MPK3Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3; Involved in oxidative stress-mediated signaling cascade (such as ozone). Involved in the innate immune MAP kinase signaling cascade (MEKK1, MKK4/MKK5 and MPK3/MPK6) downstream of bacterial flagellin receptor FLS2. May be involved in hypersensitive response (HR)-mediated signaling cascade by modulating LIP5 phosphorylation and subsequent multivesicular bodies (MVBs) trafficking. May phosphorylate regulators of WRKY transcription factors. Mediates the phosphorylation of VIP1 and subsequent stress genes transcription in response to Agrobacterium. MKK9-M [...] (370 aa)
MPK6Mitogen-activated protein kinase 6; Involved in oxidative stress-mediated signaling cascade (such as ozone). Involved in the innate immune MAP kinase signaling cascade (MEKK1, MKK4/MKK5 and MPK3/MPK6) downstream of bacterial flagellin receptor FLS2. May be involved in hypersensitive response (HR)-mediated signaling cascade by modulating LIP5 phosphorylation and subsequent multivesicular bodies (MVBs) trafficking. May phosphorylate regulators of WRKY transcription factors. Phosphorylates 1-aminocyclopropane-1- carboxylic acid synthases (ACS2 and ACS6) and may be involved in the regulati [...] (395 aa)
NPR4Regulatory protein NPR4; May act as a substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase complex (CUL3-RBX1-BTB) which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (By similarity). Involved in the regulation of basal defense responses against pathogens, and may be implicated in the cross-talk between the SA- and JA-dependent signaling pathways. (574 aa)
WRKY38Probable WRKY transcription factor 38; Transcription factor. Interacts specifically with the W box (5'-(T)TGAC[CT]-3'), a frequently occurring elicitor-responsive cis- acting element (By similarity). (289 aa)
NPC6Non-specific phospholipase C6. (520 aa)
NPR3Regulatory protein NPR3; May act as a substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase complex (CUL3-RBX1-BTB) which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (By similarity). Involved in the regulation of basal defense responses against pathogens. (586 aa)
NPC1Non-specific phospholipase C1. (533 aa)
ERF1BEthylene-responsive transcription factor 1B; Acts as a transcriptional activator. Binds to the GCC-box pathogenesis-related promoter element. Involved in the regulation of gene expression during the plant development, and/or mediated by stress factors and by components of stress signal transduction pathways. Seems to be a key integrator of ethylene and jasmonate signals in the regulation of ethylene/jasmonate-dependent defenses. Can mediate resistance to necrotizing fungi (Botrytis cinerea and Plectosphaerella cucumerina) and to soil borne fungi (Fusarium oxysporum conglutinans and Fus [...] (218 aa)
MKK5Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 5; Involved in the second phase of hydrogen peroxide generation during hypersensitive response-like cell death. Involved in the innate immune MAP kinase signaling cascade (MEKK1, MKK4/MKK5 and MPK3/MPK6) downstream of bacterial flagellin receptor FLS2. Activates by phosphorylation the downstream MPK3 and MPK6. YDA-MKK4/MKK5-MPK3/MPK6 module regulates stomatal cell fate before the guard mother cell (GMC) is specified. This MAPK cascade also functions downstream of the ER receptor in regulating coordinated local cell proliferation, which shapes the [...] (348 aa)
WRKY28WRKY transcription factor 28; Transcription factor. Interacts specifically with the W box (5'-(T)TGAC[CT]-3'), a frequently occurring elicitor-responsive cis- acting element (By similarity); Belongs to the WRKY group II-c family. (318 aa)
SAG21Protein SENESCENCE-ASSOCIATED GENE 21, mitochondrial; Mediates tolerance to oxidative stresses (e.g. hydrogen peroxide H(2)O(2), diamide, menadione and tert-butyl hydroperoxide) by minimizing the negative effects of oxidation and monitoring photosynthesis during stress. Promotes root development. Prevents premature aging (e.g. senescence and flowering). Involved in resistance against compatible pathogens such as Botrytis cinerea and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. (97 aa)
BAK1BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1-associated receptor kinase 1; Dual specificity kinase acting on both serine/threonine- and tyrosine-containing substrates. Controls the expression of genes associated with innate immunity in the absence of pathogens or elicitors. Involved in brassinosteroid (BR) signal transduction. Phosphorylates BRI1. May be involved in changing the equilibrium between plasma membrane-located BRI1 homodimers and endocytosed BRI1- BAK1 heterodimers. Interaction with MSBP1 stimulates the endocytosis of BAK1 and suppresses brassinosteroid signaling. Acts in pathogen- associ [...] (615 aa)
SARD1Protein SAR DEFICIENT 1; Transcription activator that binds DNA in a sequence-specific manner, 5'-GAAATTTTGG-3', to promote the expression of target genes. Recruited to the promoter of ICS1 and other defense-related genes (e.g. PR1 and SID2) in response to both biotic (e.g. Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola ES4326) and abiotic stresses (e.g. UV-B), thus triggering slow defense responses by stimulating salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis. Required for basal and systemic acquired resistance to P. syringae pv. maculicola and Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis. Belongs to the plant ACBP60 prote [...] (451 aa)
PDF1.2ADefensin-like protein 16; Confers broad-spectrum resistance to pathogens. Has antifungal activity in vitro; Belongs to the DEFL family. (80 aa)
CSD3Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] 3; Destroys radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems. (164 aa)
FSD3Superoxide dismutase [Fe] 3, chloroplastic; Destroys superoxide anion radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems (By similarity). Plays important role in chloroplast development, particularly in the maintenance of thylakoids membranes. Seems to act as a heterodimer with FSD2; Belongs to the iron/manganese superoxide dismutase family. (263 aa)
NIMIN-1Protein NIM1-INTERACTING 1; Belongs to the NPR1-interactor family. (142 aa)
OPR312-oxophytodienoate reductase 3, N-terminally processed; Specifically cleaves olefinic bonds in cyclic enones. Involved in the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid (JA) and perhaps in biosynthesis or metabolism of other oxylipin signaling moleclules. Required for the spatial and temporal regulation of JA levels during dehiscence of anthers, promoting the stomium degeneration program. In vitro, reduces 9S,13S-12- oxophytodienoic acid (9S,13S-OPDA) and 9R,13R-OPDA to 9S,13S-OPC-8:0 and 9R,13R-OPC-8:0, respectively. Can detoxify the explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in vitro by catalyzing it [...] (391 aa)
SWEET15Bidirectional sugar transporter SWEET15; Mediates both low-affinity uptake and efflux of sugar across the plasma membrane. Regulates cell viability under high salinity. Promotes senescence and sensitivity to salt stress. Contributes to seed filling by triggering sucrose efflux involved in the transfer of sugars from seed coat to embryos. (292 aa)
ERF094Ethylene-responsive transcription factor ERF094; Probably acts as a transcriptional activator. Binds to the GCC-box pathogenesis-related promoter element. May be involved in the regulation of gene expression by stress factors and by components of stress signal transduction pathways. Acts as an essential integrator of the JA and ethylene signal transduction pathways. Activates the expression of the PDF1.2A gene; Belongs to the AP2/ERF transcription factor family. ERF subfamily. (244 aa)
OXI1Serine/threonine-protein kinase OXI1; Involved in oxidative burst-mediated signaling. Required for basal resistance to P.parasitica infection and root hair growth. Partly required for the activation of MPK3 and MPK6 by hydrogen peroxide and cellulase elicitor. (421 aa)
FSD2Superoxide dismutase [Fe] 2, chloroplastic; Destroys superoxide anion radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems (By similarity). Plays important role in chloroplast development, particularly in the maintenance of thylakoids membranes. Seems to act as a heterodimer with FSD3. (305 aa)
NIMIN-2Protein NIM1-INTERACTING 2. (122 aa)
PAD4Lipase-like PAD4; Probable lipase required downstream of MPK4 for accumulation of the plant defense-potentiating molecule, salicylic acid, thus contributing to the plant innate immunity against invasive biotrophic pathogens and to defense mechanisms upon recognition of microbe- associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). Participates in the regulation of various molecular and physiological processes that influence fitness. Together with SG101, required for programmed cell death (PCD) triggered by NBS-LRR resistance proteins (e.g. RPS4, RPW8.1 and RPW8.2) in response to the fungal toxin fumo [...] (541 aa)
ICS1Isochorismate synthase 1, chloroplastic; Involved in the synthesis of salicylic acid (SA) required for both local and systemic acquired resistance (LAR and SAR) while SA synthesized through the phenylalanine ammonium lyase (PAL) pathway seems to potentiate plant cell death. Also involved in phylloquinone (vitamin K1) synthesis. Has no isochorismate pyruvate lyase (IPL) activity. (569 aa)
NPC5Non-specific phospholipase C5; Non-specific phospholipase C (PLC) which assumes minor PLC activity during inorganic phosphate starvation. Can hydrolyze both phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Required for normal accumulation of digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) during phosphate limitation and may contribute to the conversion of phospholipids to diacylglycerol, the substrate for galactolipid synthesis. (521 aa)
GSTU24Glutathione S-transferase U24; May be involved in the conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles and have a detoxification role against certain herbicides; Belongs to the GST superfamily. Tau family. (218 aa)
WRKY46Probable WRKY transcription factor 46; Transcription factor involved in the regulation of osmotic stress responses and stomatal movement. Interacts specifically with the W box (5'-(T)TGAC[CT]-3'), a frequently occurring elicitor-responsive cis-acting element (By similarity). Positive regulator of EDS1-dependent defense against E.amylovora. Together with WRKY70 and WRKY53, promotes resistance to P.syringae, probably by enhancing salicylic acid (SA)- dependent genes. Contributes to the suppression of jasmonic acid (MeJA)-induced expression of PDF1.2. Together with WRKY54 and WRKY70, prom [...] (295 aa)
NPC4Non-specific phospholipase C4; Non-specific phospholipase C (PLC) which assumes major PLC activity during inorganic phosphate starvation. Substrate preference is phosphatidylcholine (PC), but can also hydrolyze phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) with lower efficiency. Has no activity toward phosphatidic acid (PA). Plays an important role in the supply of both inorganic phosphate and diacylglycerol from membrane-localized phospholipids during phosphate deprivation. May be required for lipid- derived signaling molecules that positively modulate abscisic acid (ABA) response and promote plant t [...] (538 aa)
PAL4Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 4; This is a key enzyme of plant metabolism catalyzing the first reaction in the biosynthesis from L-phenylalanine of a wide variety of natural products based on the phenylpropane skeleton; Belongs to the PAL/histidase family. (707 aa)
EDS1Protein EDS1; Positive regulator of basal resistance and of effector- triggered immunity specifically mediated by TIR-NB-LRR (TNL) resistance proteins. Disruption by bacterial effector of EDS1-TIR-NB-LRR resistance protein interactions constitutes the first step in resistance activation. Acts redundantly with salicylic acid to regulate resistance gene-mediated signaling. Triggers early plant defenses and hypersensitive response independently of PAD4, and then recruits PAD4 to potentiate plant defenses through the accumulation of salicylic acid. Nuclear localization is essential for bas [...] (623 aa)
HSP17.6A17.6 kDa class I heat shock protein 1; Possesses chaperone activity. (155 aa)
SAG13Senescence-associated protein 13; Unspecific reductase providing both diastereomeric alcohols from the prochiral ketones. Active on cyclic monoterpenes and small flexible lipophilic carbonyls. No activity with tropinone, nitrogen- containing tropinone analogs, tropine or pseudotropine as substrate. (269 aa)
GSTU6Glutathione S-transferase U6; May be involved in the conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles and have a detoxification role against certain herbicides. (223 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Arabidopsis thaliana
NCBI taxonomy Id: 3702
Other names: A. thaliana, Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh., mouse-ear cress, thale cress, thale-cress
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