Molybdenum cofactor sulfurase; Sulfurates the molybdenum cofactor. Sulfation of molybdenum is essential for xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) and aldehyde oxidase (ADO) enzymes in which molybdenum cofactor is liganded by 1 oxygen and 1 sulfur atom in active form. Modulates cold stress- and osmotic stress-responsive gene expression by acting as key regulator of abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis. Belongs to the class-V pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. MOCOS subfamily.

Isochorismate synthase 1, chloroplastic; Involved in the synthesis of salicylic acid (SA) required for both local and systemic acquired resistance (LAR and SAR) while SA synthesized through the phenylalanine ammonium lyase (PAL) pathway seems to potentiate plant cell death. Also involved in phylloquinone (vitamin K1) synthesis. Has no isochorismate pyruvate lyase (IPL) activity.

Protein ACCELERATED CELL DEATH 6; Dose-dependent activator of the defense response against virulent pathogens, including bacteria, fungi and oomycetes, that acts in a positive feedback loop with the defense signal salicylic acid (SA). Regulates the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway leading to cell death and modulating cell fate (e.g. cell enlargement and/or cell division). In response to SA signaling, triggers the accumulation of FLS2 at the plasma membrane, thus priming defenses. Involved in SA-dependent freezing signaling and tolerance.

Disease resistance protein ADR1; Disease resistance (R) protein that mediates resistance against Hyaloperonospora parasitica in a salicylic acid-dependent manner. Also mediates resistance against Erysiphe cichoracearum is both salicylic acid-dependent and partially NPR1-dependent. Resistance proteins guard the plant against pathogens that contain an appropriate avirulence protein via an indirect interaction with this avirulence protein. That triggers a defense system including the hypersensitive response, which restricts the pathogen growth.

Protein ACCELERATED CELL DEATH 6; Dose-dependent activator of the defense response against virulent pathogens, including bacteria, fungi and oomycetes, that acts in a positive feedback loop with the defense signal salicylic acid (SA). Regulates the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway leading to cell death and modulating cell fate (e.g. cell enlargement and/or cell division). In response to SA signaling, triggers the accumulation of FLS2 at the plasma membrane, thus priming defenses. Involved in SA-dependent freezing signaling and tolerance.

Aminotransferase ALD1, chloroplastic; Aminotransferase involved in local and systemic acquired resistance (SAR) to the bacterial pathogen P.syringae. Required for salicylic acid (SA) and camalexin accumulation upon pathogen infection. Possesses aminotransferase activity in vitro and may generate amino- acid-derived defense signals in vivo. May be involved in ethylene- induced senescence signaling. Involved in the biosynthesis of pipecolate (Pip), a metabolite that orchestrates defense amplification, positive regulation of SA biosynthesis, and priming to guarantee effective local resist [...]

Protein ACCELERATED CELL DEATH 6; Dose-dependent activator of the defense response against virulent pathogens, including bacteria, fungi and oomycetes, that acts in a positive feedback loop with the defense signal salicylic acid (SA). Regulates the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway leading to cell death and modulating cell fate (e.g. cell enlargement and/or cell division). In response to SA signaling, triggers the accumulation of FLS2 at the plasma membrane, thus priming defenses. Involved in SA-dependent freezing signaling and tolerance.

Disease resistance protein (TIR-NBS-LRR class) family.

Protein ACCELERATED CELL DEATH 6; Dose-dependent activator of the defense response against virulent pathogens, including bacteria, fungi and oomycetes, that acts in a positive feedback loop with the defense signal salicylic acid (SA). Regulates the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway leading to cell death and modulating cell fate (e.g. cell enlargement and/or cell division). In response to SA signaling, triggers the accumulation of FLS2 at the plasma membrane, thus priming defenses. Involved in SA-dependent freezing signaling and tolerance.

Protein EDS1; Positive regulator of basal resistance and of effector- triggered immunity specifically mediated by TIR-NB-LRR (TNL) resistance proteins. Disruption by bacterial effector of EDS1-TIR-NB-LRR resistance protein interactions constitutes the first step in resistance activation. Acts redundantly with salicylic acid to regulate resistance gene-mediated signaling. Triggers early plant defenses and hypersensitive response independently of PAD4, and then recruits PAD4 to potentiate plant defenses through the accumulation of salicylic acid. Nuclear localization is essential for bas [...]

Protein ACCELERATED CELL DEATH 6; Dose-dependent activator of the defense response against virulent pathogens, including bacteria, fungi and oomycetes, that acts in a positive feedback loop with the defense signal salicylic acid (SA). Regulates the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway leading to cell death and modulating cell fate (e.g. cell enlargement and/or cell division). In response to SA signaling, triggers the accumulation of FLS2 at the plasma membrane, thus priming defenses. Involved in SA-dependent freezing signaling and tolerance.

4-substituted benzoates-glutamate ligase GH3.12; Catalyzes the conjugation of specific amino acids (e.g. Glu and possibly His, Lys, and Met) to their preferred acyl substrates (e.g. 4-substituted benzoates), in a magnesium ion- and ATP-dependent manner. Can use 4-substituted benzoates such as 4-aminobenzoate (pABA), 4-fluorobenzoate and 4-hydroxybenzoate (4-HBA), and, to a lesser extent, benzoate, vanillate and trans-cinnamate, but not 2-substituted benzoates and salicylic acid (SA), as conjugating acyl substrates. Involved in both basal and induced resistance in a SA-dependent manner. [...]

Protein ACCELERATED CELL DEATH 6; Dose-dependent activator of the defense response against virulent pathogens, including bacteria, fungi and oomycetes, that acts in a positive feedback loop with the defense signal salicylic acid (SA). Regulates the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway leading to cell death and modulating cell fate (e.g. cell enlargement and/or cell division). In response to SA signaling, triggers the accumulation of FLS2 at the plasma membrane, thus priming defenses. Involved in SA-dependent freezing signaling and tolerance.

Isochorismate synthase 1, chloroplastic; Involved in the synthesis of salicylic acid (SA) required for both local and systemic acquired resistance (LAR and SAR) while SA synthesized through the phenylalanine ammonium lyase (PAL) pathway seems to potentiate plant cell death. Also involved in phylloquinone (vitamin K1) synthesis. Has no isochorismate pyruvate lyase (IPL) activity.

Protein ACCELERATED CELL DEATH 6; Dose-dependent activator of the defense response against virulent pathogens, including bacteria, fungi and oomycetes, that acts in a positive feedback loop with the defense signal salicylic acid (SA). Regulates the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway leading to cell death and modulating cell fate (e.g. cell enlargement and/or cell division). In response to SA signaling, triggers the accumulation of FLS2 at the plasma membrane, thus priming defenses. Involved in SA-dependent freezing signaling and tolerance.

Regulatory protein NPR1; May act as a substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase complex (CUL3-RBX1-BTB) which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (By similarity). Key positive regulator of the SA-dependent signaling pathway that negatively regulates JA-dependent signaling pathway. Mediates the binding of TGA factors to the as-1 motif found in the pathogenesis-related PR-1 gene, leading to the transcriptional regulation of the gene defense. Controls the onset of systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Upon SAR induction, [...]

Protein ACCELERATED CELL DEATH 6; Dose-dependent activator of the defense response against virulent pathogens, including bacteria, fungi and oomycetes, that acts in a positive feedback loop with the defense signal salicylic acid (SA). Regulates the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway leading to cell death and modulating cell fate (e.g. cell enlargement and/or cell division). In response to SA signaling, triggers the accumulation of FLS2 at the plasma membrane, thus priming defenses. Involved in SA-dependent freezing signaling and tolerance.

Lipase-like PAD4; Probable lipase required downstream of MPK4 for accumulation of the plant defense-potentiating molecule, salicylic acid, thus contributing to the plant innate immunity against invasive biotrophic pathogens and to defense mechanisms upon recognition of microbe- associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). Participates in the regulation of various molecular and physiological processes that influence fitness. Together with SG101, required for programmed cell death (PCD) triggered by NBS-LRR resistance proteins (e.g. RPS4, RPW8.1 and RPW8.2) in response to the fungal toxin fumo [...]

Protein ACCELERATED CELL DEATH 6; Dose-dependent activator of the defense response against virulent pathogens, including bacteria, fungi and oomycetes, that acts in a positive feedback loop with the defense signal salicylic acid (SA). Regulates the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway leading to cell death and modulating cell fate (e.g. cell enlargement and/or cell division). In response to SA signaling, triggers the accumulation of FLS2 at the plasma membrane, thus priming defenses. Involved in SA-dependent freezing signaling and tolerance.

Disease resistance protein RPM1; Disease resistance (R) protein that specifically recognizes the AvrRpm1 type III effector avirulence protein from Pseudomonas syringae. Resistance proteins guard the plant against pathogens that contain an appropriate avirulence protein via an indirect interaction with this avirulence protein. That triggers a defense system including the hypersensitive response, which restricts the pathogen growth. Acts via its interaction with RIN4, and probably triggers the plant resistance when RIN4 is phosphorylated by AvrRpm1. It is then degraded at the onset of th [...]

Protein ACCELERATED CELL DEATH 6; Dose-dependent activator of the defense response against virulent pathogens, including bacteria, fungi and oomycetes, that acts in a positive feedback loop with the defense signal salicylic acid (SA). Regulates the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway leading to cell death and modulating cell fate (e.g. cell enlargement and/or cell division). In response to SA signaling, triggers the accumulation of FLS2 at the plasma membrane, thus priming defenses. Involved in SA-dependent freezing signaling and tolerance.

Disease resistance protein RPP4; TIR-NB-LRR receptor-like protein that confers resistance to the pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsis isolates Emoy2 and Emwa1 (downy mildew disease). Plays a role in the regulation of temperature response during plant growth and survival.

Protein ACCELERATED CELL DEATH 6; Dose-dependent activator of the defense response against virulent pathogens, including bacteria, fungi and oomycetes, that acts in a positive feedback loop with the defense signal salicylic acid (SA). Regulates the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway leading to cell death and modulating cell fate (e.g. cell enlargement and/or cell division). In response to SA signaling, triggers the accumulation of FLS2 at the plasma membrane, thus priming defenses. Involved in SA-dependent freezing signaling and tolerance.

Senescence-associated carboxylesterase 101; Acyl hydrolase that triggers the leaf senescence onset. Can use triolein as substrate to produce oleic acids.

Protein ACCELERATED CELL DEATH 6; Dose-dependent activator of the defense response against virulent pathogens, including bacteria, fungi and oomycetes, that acts in a positive feedback loop with the defense signal salicylic acid (SA). Regulates the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway leading to cell death and modulating cell fate (e.g. cell enlargement and/or cell division). In response to SA signaling, triggers the accumulation of FLS2 at the plasma membrane, thus priming defenses. Involved in SA-dependent freezing signaling and tolerance.

Protein SUPPRESSOR OF npr1-1, CONSTITUTIVE 1; Disease resistance protein of the TIR-NB-LRR-type. Part of the RPP5 locus that contains a cluster of several paralogous disease resistance (R) genes. Resistance proteins guard the plant against pathogens that contain an appropriate avirulence protein via an indirect interaction with this avirulence protein. That triggers a defense system including the hypersensitive response, which restricts the pathogen growth. Probably acts as a NAD(+) hydrolase (NADase): in response to activation, catalyzes cleavage of NAD(+) into ADP-D- ribose (ADPR) an [...]

Protein ACCELERATED CELL DEATH 6; Dose-dependent activator of the defense response against virulent pathogens, including bacteria, fungi and oomycetes, that acts in a positive feedback loop with the defense signal salicylic acid (SA). Regulates the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway leading to cell death and modulating cell fate (e.g. cell enlargement and/or cell division). In response to SA signaling, triggers the accumulation of FLS2 at the plasma membrane, thus priming defenses. Involved in SA-dependent freezing signaling and tolerance.

Toll/interleukin-1 receptor-like protein; Disease resistance protein. Resistance proteins guard the plant against pathogens that contain an appropriate avirulence protein via a direct or indirect interaction with this avirulence protein. That triggers a defense system including the hypersensitive response, which restricts the pathogen growth (By similarity).

Disease resistance protein ADR1; Disease resistance (R) protein that mediates resistance against Hyaloperonospora parasitica in a salicylic acid-dependent manner. Also mediates resistance against Erysiphe cichoracearum is both salicylic acid-dependent and partially NPR1-dependent. Resistance proteins guard the plant against pathogens that contain an appropriate avirulence protein via an indirect interaction with this avirulence protein. That triggers a defense system including the hypersensitive response, which restricts the pathogen growth.

Protein ACCELERATED CELL DEATH 6; Dose-dependent activator of the defense response against virulent pathogens, including bacteria, fungi and oomycetes, that acts in a positive feedback loop with the defense signal salicylic acid (SA). Regulates the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway leading to cell death and modulating cell fate (e.g. cell enlargement and/or cell division). In response to SA signaling, triggers the accumulation of FLS2 at the plasma membrane, thus priming defenses. Involved in SA-dependent freezing signaling and tolerance.

Disease resistance protein ADR1; Disease resistance (R) protein that mediates resistance against Hyaloperonospora parasitica in a salicylic acid-dependent manner. Also mediates resistance against Erysiphe cichoracearum is both salicylic acid-dependent and partially NPR1-dependent. Resistance proteins guard the plant against pathogens that contain an appropriate avirulence protein via an indirect interaction with this avirulence protein. That triggers a defense system including the hypersensitive response, which restricts the pathogen growth.

Calmodulin-binding protein 60 G; Transcription activator that binds DNA in a sequence-specific manner, 5'-GAAATTTTGG-3', to promote the expression of target genes. Recruited to the promoter of ICS1 and other defense-related genes (e.g. PR1, PR2 and EDS5) in response to both biotic (e.g. Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola ES4326, P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000, and microbe- associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) such as flg22) and abiotic stresses (e.g. UV-B, drought and abscisic acid), thus triggering rapid defense responses by stimulating salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis. Involved in b [...]

Disease resistance protein ADR1; Disease resistance (R) protein that mediates resistance against Hyaloperonospora parasitica in a salicylic acid-dependent manner. Also mediates resistance against Erysiphe cichoracearum is both salicylic acid-dependent and partially NPR1-dependent. Resistance proteins guard the plant against pathogens that contain an appropriate avirulence protein via an indirect interaction with this avirulence protein. That triggers a defense system including the hypersensitive response, which restricts the pathogen growth.

Disease resistance protein CHS1; Confers resistance to low temperatures by limiting chloroplast damage and cell death, thus maintaining growth homeostasis. Regulates steryl- esters and sterols accumulation. Limits leaf necrosis associated with virulent bacterial infection (e.g. Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000).

Disease resistance protein ADR1; Disease resistance (R) protein that mediates resistance against Hyaloperonospora parasitica in a salicylic acid-dependent manner. Also mediates resistance against Erysiphe cichoracearum is both salicylic acid-dependent and partially NPR1-dependent. Resistance proteins guard the plant against pathogens that contain an appropriate avirulence protein via an indirect interaction with this avirulence protein. That triggers a defense system including the hypersensitive response, which restricts the pathogen growth.

Protein EDS1; Positive regulator of basal resistance and of effector- triggered immunity specifically mediated by TIR-NB-LRR (TNL) resistance proteins. Disruption by bacterial effector of EDS1-TIR-NB-LRR resistance protein interactions constitutes the first step in resistance activation. Acts redundantly with salicylic acid to regulate resistance gene-mediated signaling. Triggers early plant defenses and hypersensitive response independently of PAD4, and then recruits PAD4 to potentiate plant defenses through the accumulation of salicylic acid. Nuclear localization is essential for bas [...]

Disease resistance protein ADR1; Disease resistance (R) protein that mediates resistance against Hyaloperonospora parasitica in a salicylic acid-dependent manner. Also mediates resistance against Erysiphe cichoracearum is both salicylic acid-dependent and partially NPR1-dependent. Resistance proteins guard the plant against pathogens that contain an appropriate avirulence protein via an indirect interaction with this avirulence protein. That triggers a defense system including the hypersensitive response, which restricts the pathogen growth.

Probable flavin-containing monooxygenase 1; Required for the establishment of systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Not involved in local defense mechanisms. Confers a salicylic acid-dependent (SA) resistance to virulent pathogens such as P.syringae pv tomato and H.parasitica.

Disease resistance protein ADR1; Disease resistance (R) protein that mediates resistance against Hyaloperonospora parasitica in a salicylic acid-dependent manner. Also mediates resistance against Erysiphe cichoracearum is both salicylic acid-dependent and partially NPR1-dependent. Resistance proteins guard the plant against pathogens that contain an appropriate avirulence protein via an indirect interaction with this avirulence protein. That triggers a defense system including the hypersensitive response, which restricts the pathogen growth.

Isochorismate synthase 1, chloroplastic; Involved in the synthesis of salicylic acid (SA) required for both local and systemic acquired resistance (LAR and SAR) while SA synthesized through the phenylalanine ammonium lyase (PAL) pathway seems to potentiate plant cell death. Also involved in phylloquinone (vitamin K1) synthesis. Has no isochorismate pyruvate lyase (IPL) activity.