STRINGSTRING
ARF7 ARF7 IAA17 IAA17 POSF21 POSF21 NPF6.3 NPF6.3 BRX BRX IAA12 IAA12 IAA14 IAA14 HXK1 HXK1 CRY1 CRY1 CKX5 CKX5 WOX11 WOX11 WOX9 WOX9 WOX8 WOX8 WOX1 WOX1 WOX2 WOX2 ARR15 ARR15 AZG2 AZG2 WOX5 WOX5 NPY1 NPY1 RGS1 RGS1 GATA23 GATA23 LOG1 LOG1 PIN4 PIN4 ARF19 ARF19 PLT5 PLT5 IPT3 IPT3 ARR1 ARR1 PIN7 PIN7 WAT1 WAT1 PUP2 PUP2 IPT7 IPT7 IPT5 IPT5 IPT1 IPT1 AUX1 AUX1 HSFB1 HSFB1 CRY2 CRY2 HAG1 HAG1 AHK4 AHK4 AHK3 AHK3 ABCG14 ABCG14 PILS2 PILS2 IDD14 IDD14 LAX3 LAX3 PIN5 PIN5 WOX7 WOX7 D6PK D6PK KRP3 KRP3 E2FA E2FA TOR TOR NAC054 NAC054 CKX7 CKX7 ARR11 ARR11 PUP14 PUP14 ESR2 ESR2 PUP3 PUP3 PUP1 PUP1 YUC4 YUC4 PIN8 PIN8 LBD33 LBD33 ABCB19 ABCB19 WOX14 WOX14 PIN2 PIN2 ABCB21 ABCB21 LBD29 LBD29 PIN3 PIN3 LAX2 LAX2 NAC031 NAC031 ESR1 ESR1 ARR5 ARR5 PILS5 PILS5 WOX3 WOX3 LBD17 LBD17 LBD16 LBD16 PIN6 PIN6 AZG1 AZG1 YUC8 YUC8 CLV1 CLV1 YUC1 YUC1 CLV3 CLV3 IAA28 IAA28 PLT3 PLT3 ABCB1 ABCB1 ARF4 ARF4 CYP735A2 CYP735A2 ARR2 ARR2 ARR6 ARR6 ARR7 ARR7 ARF5 ARF5 NAC098 NAC098 AS2 AS2 LBD18 LBD18 CDF4 CDF4 YUC3 YUC3 ARR10 ARR10 YUC9 YUC9 ABCB4 ABCB4 CLV2 CLV2 AS1 AS1 ARR4 ARR4 PHYA PHYA PHYB PHYB CYCD3-1 CYCD3-1 AP2 AP2 ARR12 ARR12
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ARF7Auxin response factor 7; Auxin response factors (ARFs) are transcriptional factors that bind specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-TGTCTC-3' found in the auxin-responsive promoter elements (AuxREs). Act as a transcriptional activator of several tropic stimulus-induced (TSI) genes, including SAUR50. Formation of heterodimers with Aux/IAA proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. Required for differential growth responses of aerial tissues. Involved in ethylene responses. Regulates lateral root formation through direct regulation of LBD16 and/or LB [...] (1164 aa)
IAA17Auxin-responsive protein IAA17; Aux/IAA proteins are short-lived transcriptional factors that function as repressors of early auxin response genes at low auxin concentrations. Repression is thought to result from the interaction with auxin response factors (ARFs), proteins that bind to the auxin- responsive promoter element (AuxRE). Formation of heterodimers with ARF proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. (229 aa)
POSF21Probable transcription factor PosF21; Putative transcription factor with an activatory role; Belongs to the bZIP family. (398 aa)
NPF6.3Protein NRT1/ PTR FAMILY 6.3; Dual affinity nitrate transporter. Involved in proton- dependent nitrate uptake and in the regulation of the nitrate transporter NRT2.1. Acts also as a nitrate sensor that trigger a specific signaling pathway stimulating lateral root growth and seed germination. The uptake activity is not required for sensor function. Displays an auxin transport facilitation inhibited by high nitrate concentration. Required to prevent auxin accumulation in preemerged lateral root primordia and young lateral roots when external nitrate concentration is low or null. May be i [...] (590 aa)
BRXProtein BREVIS RADIX; Acts as a regulator of cell proliferation and elongation in the root and shoot. Regulates roots architecture and primary root protophloem differentiation. Probable transcription regulator. Regulated by the auxin response factor ARF5. Polarly localized in vascular cells and subject to endocytic recycling. Required for CPD expression and for correct nuclear auxin response. Mediates cross-talk between the auxin and brassinosteroid pathways. BRX is a target for auxin-induced, proteasome-mediated degradation. (344 aa)
IAA12Auxin-responsive protein IAA12; Aux/IAA proteins are short-lived transcriptional factors that function as repressors of early auxin response genes at low auxin concentrations. Repression is thought to result from the interaction with auxin response factors (ARFs), proteins that bind to the auxin- responsive promoter element (AuxRE). Formation of heterodimers with ARF proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. (239 aa)
IAA14Auxin-responsive protein IAA14; Aux/IAA proteins are short-lived transcriptional factors that function as repressors of early auxin response genes at low auxin concentrations. Repression is thought to result from the interaction with auxin response factors (ARFs), proteins that bind to the auxin- responsive promoter element (AuxRE). Formation of heterodimers with ARF proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. (228 aa)
HXK1Hexokinase-1; Fructose and glucose phosphorylating enzyme. May be involved in the phosphorylation of glucose during the export from mitochondrion to cytosol. Acts as sugar sensor which may regulate sugar-dependent gene repression or activation. Mediates the effects of sugar on plant growth and development independently of its catalytic activity or the sugar metabolism. May regulate the execution of program cell death in plant cells. Promotes roots and leaves growth. Belongs to the hexokinase family. (496 aa)
CRY1Cryptochrome-1; Photoreceptor that mediates primarily blue light inhibition of hypocotyl elongation and photoperiodic control of floral initiation, and regulates other light responses, including circadian rhythms, tropic growth, stomata opening, guard cell development, root development, bacterial and viral pathogen responses, abiotic stress responses, cell cycles, programmed cell death, apical dominance, fruit and ovule development, seed dormancy, and magnetoreception. Photoexcited cryptochromes interact with signaling partner proteins to alter gene expression at both transcriptional a [...] (681 aa)
CKX5Cytokinin dehydrogenase 5; Catalyzes the oxidation of cytokinins, a family of N(6)- substituted adenine derivatives that are plant hormones, where the substituent is an isopentenyl group. (540 aa)
WOX11WUSCHEL-related homeobox 11; Transcription factor which may be involved in developmental processes. (268 aa)
WOX9WUSCHEL-related homeobox 9; Homeodomain transcription factor required for meristem growth and early development. Promotes cell proliferation and prevents premature differentiation in meristematic tissues during postembryonic development. Essential for maintaining tissue growth during embryogenesis. May act by repressing TSS to promote meristematic proliferation. Involved in the transcriptional activation of a subset of cytokinin response factors. May act as a negative regulator of cytokinin signaling in the dark. (378 aa)
WOX8WUSCHEL-related homeobox 8; Probable transcription factor, which may be involved in embryonic patterning. May be required for basal embryo development after fertilization. Acts partially redundantly with STIP in promoting embryonic cell division and proliferation. Promotes cotyledon boundary formation by maintaining the symmetry in CUC genes expression domains ; Belongs to the WUS homeobox family. (325 aa)
WOX1WUSCHEL-related homeobox 1; Transcription factor which may be involved in developmental processes. (350 aa)
WOX2WUSCHEL-related homeobox 2; Probable transcription factor involved in embryonic patterning. Required for apical embryo development after fertilization. Its specific localization to the apical daughter cell of the zygote, while WOX8 is confined to the basal cell, suggests that the asymmetric division of the plant zygote separates determinants of apical and basal cell fates. (260 aa)
ARR15Two-component response regulator ARR15; Functions as response regulator involved in His-to-Asp phosphorelay signal transduction system. Phosphorylation of the Asp residue in the receiver domain activates the ability of the protein to promote the transcription of target genes. Type-A response regulators seem to act as negative regulators of the cytokinin signaling. (206 aa)
AZG2Adenine/guanine permease AZG2; Transports natural purines (adenine and guanine) as well as purine analogs. Confers sensitivity to 8-azaadenine and 8-azaguanine (8-azg). (530 aa)
WOX5WUSCHEL-related homeobox 5; Transcription factor, which may be involved in the specification and maintenance of the stem cells (QC cells) in the root apical meristem (RAM). (182 aa)
NPY1BTB/POZ domain-containing protein NPY1; May act as a substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase complex (CUL3-RBX1-BTB) which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (By similarity). Coregulates with PID the auxin-mediated plant organogenesis. Regulates cotyledon development through control of PIN1 polarity. May play an essential role in root gravitropic responses. (571 aa)
RGS1Regulator of G-protein signaling 1; Glucose-regulated GTPase-accelerating protein (GAP) for the GTP-bound self-activating heterotrimeric G alpha protein GPA1. Cooperates with G beta-gamma dimers to maintain an unactivated but fully functional pool of GPA1. Phosphorylation-dependent endocytosis of RGS1 physically uncouples the two proteins, resulting in signal activation. Free AGB1 is essential, but not sufficient, for RGS1 endocytosis. Modulates cell proliferation, abscisic acid (ABA) and drought stress signal transduction by acting in a hexokinase- independent glucose-signaling pathwa [...] (459 aa)
GATA23GATA transcription factor 23; Transcriptional regulator that specifically binds 5'-GATA-3' or 5'-GAT-3' motifs within gene promoters; Belongs to the type IV zinc-finger family. Class B subfamily. (120 aa)
LOG1Cytokinin riboside 5'-monophosphate phosphoribohydrolase LOG1; Cytokinin-activating enzyme working in the direct activation pathway. Phosphoribohydrolase that converts inactive cytokinin nucleotides to the biologically active free-base forms. (213 aa)
PIN4Auxin efflux carrier component 4; Acts as a component of the auxin efflux carrier. Plays a role in generating a sink for auxin into columella cells. Maintains the endogenous auxin gradient, which is essential for correct root patterning. Involved in EXO70A3-regulated gravitropic responses in columella cells and in root system architecture (RSA). (616 aa)
ARF19Auxin response factor 19; Auxin response factors (ARFs) are transcriptional factors that bind specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-TGTCTC-3' found in the auxin-responsive promoter elements (AuxREs). Could act as transcriptional activator or repressor. Formation of heterodimers with Aux/IAA proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. Involved in ethylene responses. Regulates lateral root formation through direct regulation of LBD16 and/or LBD29. Functionally redundant with ARF7. (1086 aa)
PLT5Polyol transporter 5; Plasma membrane broad-spectrum sugar-proton symporter. Mediates the uptake of linear polyols such as sorbitol, xylitol, erythritol or glycerol. Can transport the cyclic polyol myo-inositol and different hexoses, pentoses (including ribose), tetroses and sugar alcohols. (539 aa)
IPT3Adenylate isopentenyltransferase 3, chloroplastic; Involved in cytokinin biosynthesis. Catalyzes the transfer of an isopentenyl group from dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) to ATP and ADP; Belongs to the IPP transferase family. (336 aa)
ARR1Two-component response regulator ARR1; Transcriptional activator that binds specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-[AG]GATT-3'. Functions as a response regulator involved in His-to-Asp phosphorelay signal transduction system. Phosphorylation of the Asp residue in the receiver domain activates the ability of the protein to promote the transcription of target genes. Could directly activate some type-A response regulators in response to cytokinins. Regulates SHY2 by binding to its promoter. Involved in the root-meristem size determination through the regulation of cell differentiation. Belon [...] (690 aa)
PIN7Auxin efflux carrier component 7; Acts as a component of the auxin efflux carrier. Mediates the initial auxin gradient which contributes to the establishment of the apical-basal axis in early embryogenesis. (619 aa)
WAT1Protein WALLS ARE THIN 1; Required for secondary wall formation in fibers, especially in short days conditions. Promotes indole metabolism and transport (e.g. tryptophan, neoglucobrassicin and auxin (indole-3-acetic acid)). May prevent salicylic-acid (SA) accumulation. Belongs to the drug/metabolite transporter (DMT) superfamily. Plant drug/metabolite exporter (P-DME) (TC 2.A.7.4) family. (389 aa)
PUP2Purine permease 2; Mediates adenine transport. May be involved in the uptake of cytokinin analogs; Belongs to the purine permeases (TC 2.A.7.14) family. (358 aa)
IPT7Adenylate isopentenyltransferase 7, mitochondrial; Involved in cytokinin biosynthesis. Catalyzes the transfer of an isopentenyl group from dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) to ATP and ADP. (329 aa)
IPT5Adenylate isopentenyltransferase 5, chloroplastic; Involved in cytokinin biosynthesis. Catalyzes the transfer of an isopentenyl group from dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) to ATP and ADP; Belongs to the IPP transferase family. (330 aa)
IPT1Adenylate isopentenyltransferase 1, chloroplastic; Involved in cytokinin biosynthesis. Catalyzes the transfer of an isopentenyl group from dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) to ATP, ADP and AMP. Adenine, adenosine, isopentenylpyrophosphate and 1-hydroxy-2- methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate (HMBDP) are not used as substrates. (357 aa)
AUX1Auxin transporter protein 1; Carrier protein involved in proton-driven auxin influx. Mediates the formation of auxin gradient from developing leaves (site of auxin biosynthesis) to tips by contributing to the loading of auxin in vascular tissues and facilitating acropetal (base to tip) auxin transport within inner tissues of the root apex, and basipetal (tip to base) auxin transport within outer tissues of the root apex. Unloads auxin from the mature phloem to deliver the hormone to the root meristem via the protophloem cell files. Coordinated subcellular localization of AUX1 is regula [...] (485 aa)
HSFB1Heat stress transcription factor B-1; Transcriptional regulator that specifically binds DNA sequence 5'-AGAAnnTTCT-3' known as heat shock promoter elements (HSE); Belongs to the HSF family. Class B subfamily. (284 aa)
CRY2Cryptochrome-2; Photoreceptor that mediates primarily blue light inhibition of hypocotyl elongation and photoperiodic control of floral initiation, and regulates other light responses, including circadian rhythms, tropic growth, stomata opening, guard cell development, root development, bacterial and viral pathogen responses, abiotic stress responses, cell cycles, programmed cell death, apical dominance, fruit and ovule development, seed dormancy, and magnetoreception. Photoexcited cryptochromes interact with signaling partner proteins to alter gene expression at both transcriptional a [...] (612 aa)
HAG1Histone acetyltransferase GCN5; Acetylates histone H3 and ADA2 proteins in vitro. Acetylates 'Lys-14' of histone H3. Acetylation of histones gives a specific tag for epigenetic transcription activation. Operates in concert with certain DNA-binding transcriptional activators. Acts via the formation of large multiprotein complexes that modify the chromatin (By similarity). Belongs to the acetyltransferase family. GCN5 subfamily. (568 aa)
AHK4Histidine kinase 4; Cytokinins (CK) receptor related to bacterial two-component regulators. Binds also the synthetic urea-type cytokinin thiadiazuron, a potent defoliant and herbicide. Functions as a histidine kinase and transmits the stress signal to a downstream MAPK cascade. This protein undergoes an ATP-dependent autophosphorylation at a conserved histidine residue in the kinase core, and a phosphoryl group is then transferred to a conserved aspartate residue in the receiver domain. In the presence of cytokinin, feeds phosphate to phosphorelay-integrating histidine phosphotransfer [...] (1080 aa)
AHK3Histidine kinase 3; Cytokinins (CK) receptor related to bacterial two-component regulators. Functions as a histidine kinase and transmits the stress signal to a downstream MAPK cascade. This protein undergoes an ATP- dependent autophosphorylation at a conserved histidine residue in the kinase core, and a phosphoryl group is then transferred to a conserved aspartate residue in the receiver domain. In the presence of cytokinin, feeds phosphate to phosphorelay-integrating histidine phosphotransfer protein (HPt) and activates subsequent cascade. Involved in meristems establishment in seedl [...] (1036 aa)
ABCG14ABC transporter G family member 14. (648 aa)
PILS2Protein PIN-LIKES 2; Involved in cellular auxin homeostasis by regulating auxin metabolism. Regulates intracellular auxin accumulation at the endoplasmic reticulum and thus auxin availability for nuclear auxin signaling. (457 aa)
IDD14Protein indeterminate-domain 14; Transcription factor regulating starch metabolism by binding directly to the promoter of QQS. The IDD14beta isoform attenuates the transcription factor activity by competitively forming heterodimers with reduced DNA-binding capacity. Regulates lateral organ morphogenesis and gravitropic responses. Has a redundant role with IDD16 in directing leaf and floral organ morphogenesis. Involved in the establishment of auxin gradients through the regulation of auxin biosynthesis and transport. (419 aa)
LAX3Auxin transporter-like protein 3; Carrier protein involved in proton-driven auxin influx. Mediates the formation of auxin gradient from developing leaves (site of auxin biosynthesis) to tips by contributing to the loading of auxin in vascular tissues and facilitating acropetal (base to tip) auxin transport within inner tissues of the root apex, and basipetal (tip to base) auxin transport within outer tissues of the root apex (By similarity); Belongs to the amino acid/polyamine transporter 2 family. Amino acid/auxin permease (AAAP) (TC 2.A.18.1) subfamily. (470 aa)
PIN5Auxin efflux carrier component 5; Auxin transporter regulating intracellular auxin homeostasis and metabolism. Mediates the auxin transport from the cytosol into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. May also act as an auxin efflux carrier when located to the cell membrane. PIN5 and PIN8 may have an antagonistic/compensatory activity. Involved in unfolded protein response (UPR) activation. Involved in the control of vein patterning. Promotes vein formation. PIN5, PIN6, and PIN8 control vein network geometry, but they are expressed in mutually exclusive domains of leaf vascular cells. (351 aa)
WOX7WUSCHEL-related homeobox 7; Potential transcription factor that plays a central role during developmental processes; Belongs to the WUS homeobox family. (122 aa)
D6PKSerine/threonine-protein kinase D6PK; Protein kinase that regulates the auxin transport activity of PIN auxin efflux facilitators by direct phosphorylation. D6PK-mediated PIN phosphorylation promotes auxin transport in the hypocotyl and this is a prerequisite for PHOT1-dependent hypocotyl bending. Phosphorylates PIN1, PIN2, PIN3, PIN4 and PIN7 in vitro and PIN1 in vivo. (498 aa)
KRP3Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 3; Binds and inhibits CYCD2-1/CDKA-1 complex kinase activity. May target specifically CDKA-1; Belongs to the CDI family. ICK/KRP subfamily. (222 aa)
E2FATranscription factor E2FA; Transcription activator that binds DNA cooperatively with DP proteins through the E2 recognition site, 5'-TTTC[CG]CGC-3' found in the promoter region of a number of genes whose products are involved in cell cycle regulation or in DNA replication. The binding of retinoblastoma-related proteins represses transactivation. Regulates gene expression both positively and negatively. Activates the expression of E2FB. Involved in the control of cell-cycle progression from G1 to S phase. Stimulates cell proliferation and delays differentiation. Belongs to the E2F/DP family. (485 aa)
TORSerine/threonine-protein kinase TOR; Essential cell growth regulator that controls development from early embryo to seed production. Controls plant growth in environmental stress conditions. Acts through the phosphorylation of downstream effectors that are recruited by the binding partner RAPTOR. Acts by activating transcription, protein synthesis and ribosome biogenesis, and inhibiting mRNA degradation and autophagy. Can phosphorylate TAP46, a regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 2A that modulates cell growth and survival. Involved in modulating the transition from heterotrophic [...] (2481 aa)
NAC054Protein CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON 1; Transcription activator of STM and KNAT6. Involved in molecular mechanisms regulating shoot apical meristem (SAM) formation during embryogenesis and organ separation. Required for the fusion of septa of gynoecia along the length of the ovaries. Activates the shoot formation in callus in a STM-dependent manner. Seems to act as an inhibitor of cell division. (310 aa)
CKX7Cytokinin dehydrogenase 7; Catalyzes the oxidation of cytokinins, a family of N(6)- substituted adenine derivatives that are plant hormones, where the substituent is an isopentenyl group. (524 aa)
ARR11Two-component response regulator ARR11; Transcriptional activator that binds specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-[AG]GATT-3'. Functions as a response regulator involved in His-to-Asp phosphorelay signal transduction system. Phosphorylation of the Asp residue in the receiver domain activates the ability of the protein to promote the transcription of target genes. Could directly activate some type-A response regulators in response to cytokinins (By similarity); Belongs to the ARR family. Type-B subfamily. (521 aa)
PUP14Purine permease 14; Purine permease implicated in ATP-dependent cytokinin translocation that controls the spatiotemporal landscape of cytokinin signaling. Depletes ligands from the apoplast, which leads to a suppression of the cytokinin response. (393 aa)
ESR2Ethylene-responsive transcription factor ESR2; Required for correct embryo patterning and cotyledon organogenesis. May regulate positively the gibberellin signaling pathway leading to germination, hypocotyl elongation, and leaf expansion. Involved in the cytokinin signaling pathway that promotes shoot regeneration, probably through transcriptional activation of target genes such as CUC1. Acts as a transcriptional activator. Binds to the GCC-box pathogenesis-related promoter element. May be involved in the regulation of gene expression by stress factors and by components of stress signa [...] (306 aa)
PUP3Purine permease 3; May be involved in transport of purine derivatives during pollen germination and tube elongation. (351 aa)
PUP1Purine permease 1; Proton-coupled purine transporter mediating adenine and trans-zeatin uptake. High affinity transporter for pyridoxine involved in the uptake of vitamin B6. Also able to transport caffeine and adenosine. May be involved in the uptake of cytokinin, caffeine and nicotine from the xylem sap into shoot tissues. (356 aa)
YUC4Probable indole-3-pyruvate monooxygenase YUCCA4; Involved in auxin biosynthesis. Both isoforms are catalitically active. Involved during embryogenesis and seedling development. Required for the formation of floral organs and vascular tissues. Belongs to the set of redundant YUCCA genes probably responsible for auxin biosynthesis in shoots. (411 aa)
PIN8Auxin efflux carrier component 8; Component of the intracellular auxin-transport pathway in the male gametophyte. Involved in the regulation of auxin homeostasis in pollen. Involved in the efflux of auxin from the endoplasmic reticulum into the cytoplasm. PIN5 and PIN8 may have an antagonistic/compensatory activity. Involved in the control of vein patterning. Redundantly with PIN6, inhibits the vein-formation- promoting functions of PIN5. PIN5, PIN6, and PIN8 control vein network geometry, but they are expressed in mutually exclusive domains of leaf vascular cells. (367 aa)
LBD33LOB domain-containing protein 33; Belongs to the LOB domain-containing protein family. (177 aa)
ABCB19ABC transporter B family member 19; Auxin efflux transporter that acts as a negative regulator of light signaling to promote hypocotyl elongation. Mediates the accumulation of chlorophyll and anthocyanin, as well as the expression of genes in response to light. Participates in auxin efflux and thus regulates the polar auxin basipetal transport (from auxin-producing leaves to auxin-sensitive tissues, and from root tips to root elongating zone). Involved in diverse auxin-mediated responses including gravitropism, phototropism and lateral root formation. (1252 aa)
WOX14WUSCHEL-related homeobox 14; Transcription factor which may be involved in developmental processes. (211 aa)
PIN2Auxin efflux carrier component 2; Acts as a component of the auxin efflux carrier. Seems to be involved in the root-specific auxin transport, and mediates the root gravitropism. Its particular localization suggest a role in the translocation of auxin towards the elongation zone. (647 aa)
ABCB21ABC transporter B family member 21. (1296 aa)
LBD29LOB domain-containing protein 29; Involved in lateral root formation. Regulated by the transcriptional activators ARF7 and ARF19. (218 aa)
PIN3Auxin efflux carrier component 3; Acts as a component of the auxin efflux carrier. Seems to be involved in the lateral auxin transport system and mediates tropic growth. Coordinated polar localization of PIN3 is directly regulated by the vesicle trafficking process. (640 aa)
LAX2Auxin transporter-like protein 2; Carrier protein involved in proton-driven auxin influx. Mediates the formation of auxin gradient from developing leaves (site of auxin biosynthesis) to tips by contributing to the loading of auxin in vascular tissues and facilitating acropetal (base to tip) auxin transport within inner tissues of the root apex, and basipetal (tip to base) auxin transport within outer tissues of the root apex (By similarity); Belongs to the amino acid/polyamine transporter 2 family. Amino acid/auxin permease (AAAP) (TC 2.A.18.1) subfamily. (483 aa)
NAC031Protein CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON 3; Transcription activator. Involved in molecular mechanisms regulating shoot apical meristem (SAM) formation during embryogenesis and organ separation. Required for axillary meristem initiation and separation of the meristem from the main stem. May act as an inhibitor of cell division. (334 aa)
ESR1Ethylene-responsive transcription factor ESR1; Regulates gene expression patterns in meristems and thus modulates organ development. Required for correct embryo patterning and cotyledon organogenesis. Modulates auxin signaling pathway in early embryos. Involved in the cytokinin signaling pathway that promotes shoot regeneration. Acts as a transcriptional activator. Binds to the GCC-box pathogenesis-related promoter element. May be involved in the regulation of gene expression by stress factors and by components of stress signal transduction pathways (By similarity). Belongs to the AP2/ [...] (328 aa)
ARR5Two-component response regulator ARR5; Functions as response regulator involved in His-to-Asp phosphorelay signal transduction system. Phosphorylation of the Asp residue in the receiver domain activates the ability of the protein to promote the transcription of target genes. Type-A response regulators seem to act as negative regulators of the cytokinin signaling. Belongs to the ARR family. Type-A subfamily. (184 aa)
PILS5Protein PIN-LIKES 5; Involved in cellular auxin homeostasis by regulating auxin metabolism. Regulates intracellular auxin accumulation at the endoplasmic reticulum and thus auxin availability for nuclear auxin signaling. (396 aa)
WOX3WUSCHEL-related homeobox 3; Probable transcription factor required to initiate organ founder cells in a lateral domain of shoot meristems. Involved in the lateral sepal axis-dependent development of flowers, probably by regulating the proliferation of L1 cells at the lateral region of flower primordia. Required for the formation of the margin cells of the first and second whorl organs. (244 aa)
LBD17LOB domain-containing protein 17; Belongs to the LOB domain-containing protein family. (244 aa)
LBD16LOB domain-containing protein 16; Transcriptional activator. Involved in lateral root formation. Regulated by the transcriptional activators ARF7 and ARF19. Functions in the initiation and emergence of lateral roots, in conjunction with LBD18, downstream of ARF7 and ARF19. Acts downstream of the auxin influx carriers AUX1 and LAX1 in the regulation of lateral root initiation and development. (245 aa)
PIN6Auxin efflux carrier component 6; Component of the intracellular auxin-transport pathway. Regulates auxin transport and auxin homeostasis. Directly involved in the regulation of nectar production. Involved in unfolded protein response (UPR) activation. Involved in the control of vein patterning. Redundantly with PIN8, inhibits the vein-formation-promoting functions of PIN5. PIN5, PIN6, and PIN8 control vein network geometry, but they are expressed in mutually exclusive domains of leaf vascular cells. Belongs to the auxin efflux carrier (TC 2.A.69.1) family. (570 aa)
AZG1Adenine/guanine permease AZG1; Transports natural purines (adenine and guanine) as well as purine analogs. Confers sensitivity to 8-azaadenine and 8-azaguanine (8-azg). (579 aa)
YUC8Probable indole-3-pyruvate monooxygenase YUCCA8; Involved in auxin biosynthesis. Belongs to the set of redundant YUCCA genes probably responsible for auxin biosynthesis in roots. (426 aa)
CLV1Receptor protein kinase CLAVATA1; Involved in the detection of CLV3 and CLV3-like (CLE) peptides, that act as extracellular signals regulating meristem maintenance. Acts with CLV3p as a ligand-receptor pair in a signal transduction pathway coordinating growth between adjacent meristematic regions and controlling the balance between meristem cell proliferation and differentiation; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (980 aa)
YUC1Probable indole-3-pyruvate monooxygenase YUCCA1; Involved in auxin biosynthesis, but not in the tryptamine or the CYP79B2/B3 branches. Catalyzes in vitro the N-oxidation of tryptamine to form N-hydroxyl tryptamine. Involved during embryogenesis and seedling development. Required for the formation of floral organs and vascular tissues. Belongs to the set of redundant YUCCA genes probably responsible for auxin biosynthesis in shoots. (414 aa)
CLV3Protein CLAVATA 3; Extracellular signal that regulates meristem maintenance. Acts with CLV1 as a ligand-receptor pair in a signal transduction pathway coordinating growth between adjacent meristematic regions and controlling the balance between meristem cell proliferation and differentiation; Belongs to the CLV3/ESR signal peptide family. (96 aa)
IAA28Auxin-responsive protein IAA28; Aux/IAA proteins are short-lived transcriptional factors that function as repressors of early auxin response genes at low auxin concentrations. Repression is thought to result from the interaction with auxin response factors (ARFs), proteins that bind to the auxin- responsive promoter element (AuxRE). Formation of heterodimers with ARF proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. (175 aa)
PLT3Probable polyol transporter 3; Plasma membrane sugar-proton symporter; Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Sugar transporter (TC 2.A.1.1) family. (508 aa)
ABCB1ABC transporter B family member 1; Auxin efflux transporter that acts as a negative regulator of light signaling to promote hypocotyl elongation. Mediates the accumulation of chlorophyll and anthocyanin, as well as the expression of genes in response to light. Participates directly in auxin efflux and thus regulates the polar (presumably basipetal) auxin transport (from root tips to root elongating zone). Transports also some auxin metabolites such as oxindoleacetic acid and indoleacetaldehyde. Involved in diverse auxin-mediated responses including gravitropism, phototropism and latera [...] (1286 aa)
ARF4Auxin response factor 4; Auxin response factors (ARFs) are transcriptional factors that bind specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-TGTCTC-3' found in the auxin-responsive promoter elements (AuxREs). Could act as transcriptional activator or repressor. Formation of heterodimers with Aux/IAA proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. (788 aa)
CYP735A2Cytokinin hydroxylase; Cytokinin hydroxylase that catalyzes the biosynthesis of trans-zeatin via the isopentenyladenine riboside 5'-monophosphate (iPRMP)-dependent pathway. Can use isopentenyladenosine-5'- monophosphate, isopentenyladenosine-5'-diphosphate and isopentenyladenosine-5'-triphosphate as substrate. (512 aa)
ARR2Two-component response regulator ARR2; Transcriptional activator that binds specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-[AG]GATT-3'. Functions as a response regulator involved in His-to-Asp phosphorelay signal transduction system. Phosphorylation of the Asp residue in the receiver domain activates the ability of the protein to promote the transcription of target genes. Could directly activate some type-A response regulators in response to cytokinins. Involved in the expression of nuclear genes for components of mitochondrial complex I. Promotes cytokinin-mediated leaf longevity. Involved in th [...] (664 aa)
ARR6Two-component response regulator ARR6; Functions as response regulator involved in His-to-Asp phosphorelay signal transduction system. Phosphorylation of the Asp residue in the receiver domain activates the ability of the protein to promote the transcription of target genes. Type-A response regulators seem to act as negative regulators of the cytokinin signaling. Belongs to the ARR family. Type-A subfamily. (186 aa)
ARR7Two-component response regulator ARR7; Functions as response regulator involved in His-to-Asp phosphorelay signal transduction system. Phosphorylation of the Asp residue in the receiver domain activates the ability of the protein to promote the transcription of target genes. Type-A response regulators seem to act as negative regulators of the cytokinin signaling. Belongs to the ARR family. Type-A subfamily. (206 aa)
ARF5Auxin response factor 5; Auxin response factors (ARFs) are transcriptional factors that bind specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-TGTCTC-3' found in the auxin-responsive promoter elements (AuxREs). Seems to act as transcriptional activator. Formation of heterodimers with Aux/IAA proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. Mediates embryo axis formation and vascular tissues differentiation. Functionally redundant with ARF7. May be necessary to counteract AMP1 activity. (902 aa)
NAC098Protein CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON 2; Transcription activator of STM and KNAT6. Involved in molecular mechanisms regulating shoot apical meristem (SAM) formation during embryogenesis and organ separation. Required for the fusion of septa of gynoecia along the length of the ovaries. Activates the shoot formation in callus in a STM-dependent manner. Controls leaf margin development and required for leaf serration. Involved in axillary meristem initiation and separation of the meristem from the main stem. Regulates the phyllotaxy throughout the plant development. Seems to act as an inhibitor of [...] (375 aa)
AS2Protein ASYMMETRIC LEAVES 2; Negative regulator of cell proliferation in the adaxial side of leaves. Regulates the formation of a symmetric lamina and the establishment of venation. Positively regulates LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES (LOB) within the shoot apex, and the class III HD-ZIP genes REV, PHB, and PHV. Interacts directly with ASYMMETRIC LEAVES 1 (AS1) to repress the knox homeobox genes KNAT1, KNAT2, and KNAT6 and the abaxial determinants ARF3, KAN2 and YAB5. May act in parallel with the RDR6- SGS3-AGO7 pathway, an endogenous RNA silencing pathway, to regulate the leaf morphogenesis. [...] (199 aa)
LBD18LOB domain-containing protein 18; Involved in the positive regulation of tracheary element (TE) differentiation. Involved in a positive feedback loop that maintains or promotes NAC030/VND7 expression that regulates TE differentiation- related genes. Functions in the initiation and emergence of lateral roots, in conjunction with LBD16, downstream of ARF7 and ARF19. Transcriptional activator that directly regulates EXPA14, a gene encoding a cell wall- loosening factor that promotes lateral root emergence. Activates EXPA14 by directly binding to a specific region of its promoter. Transcri [...] (262 aa)
CDF4Cyclic dof factor 4; Transcription factor that binds specifically to a 5'-AA[AG]G- 3' consensus core sequence (By similarity). Transcriptional repressor of 'CONSTANS' expression (By similarity). Regulates a photoperiodic flowering response. (170 aa)
YUC3Probable indole-3-pyruvate monooxygenase YUCCA3; Involved in auxin biosynthesis. Belongs to the set of redundant YUCCA genes probably responsible for auxin biosynthesis in roots. (437 aa)
ARR10Two-component response regulator ARR10; Transcriptional activator that binds specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-[AG]GATT-3'. Functions as a response regulator involved in His-to-Asp phosphorelay signal transduction system. Phosphorylation of the Asp residue in the receiver domain activates the ability of the protein to promote the transcription of target genes. Could directly activate some type-A response regulators in response to cytokinins. (552 aa)
YUC9Probable indole-3-pyruvate monooxygenase YUCCA9; Involved in auxin biosynthesis. Belongs to the set of redundant YUCCA genes probably responsible for auxin biosynthesis in roots. (421 aa)
ABCB4ABC transporter B family member 4; Auxin influx transporter that mediates the transport of auxin in roots. Contributes to the basipetal transport in hypocotyls and root tips by establishing an auxin uptake sink in the root cap. Confers sensitivity to 1-N-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA). Regulates the root elongation, the initiation of lateral roots and the development of root hairs. Can transport IAA, indole-3-propionic acid, NPA syringic acid, vanillic acid and some auxin metabolites, but not 2,4-D and 1- naphthaleneacetic acid. (1286 aa)
CLV2Receptor-like protein CLAVATA2; Involved in the perception of CLV3 and CLV3-like (CLE) peptides, that act as extracellular signals regulating meristems maintenance. Involved in controlling the stem cell population size in shoot and root apical meristems, and during organ development. Promotes the formation of CLV1 multimers. In complex with CRN, perceives secreted CLV3-like effector proteins from plant-parasitic cyst nematodes as ligand mimics of the plant CLE signaling pathway. This recognition is required for proper feeding structure (syncytium) development and ultimately successful [...] (720 aa)
AS1Transcription factor AS1; Transcription factor required for normal cell differentiation. Positively regulates LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES (LOB) within the shoot apex, and the class III HD-ZIP genes REV, PHB, and PHV. Interacts directly with ASYMMETRIC LEAVES 2 (LBD6/AS2) to repress the knox homeobox genes BP/KNAT1, KNAT2, and KNAT6 and the abaxial determinants ARF3/ETT, KAN2 and YAB5. May act in parallel with the RDR6-SGS3-AGO7 pathway, an endogenous RNA silencing pathway, to regulate the leaf morphogenesis. Binds directly to KNAT1, KNAT2, and KNATM chromatin, regulating leaf development. [...] (367 aa)
ARR4Two-component response regulator ARR4; Functions as response regulator involved in His-to-Asp phosphorelay signal transduction system. Phosphorylation of the Asp residue in the receiver domain activates the ability of the protein to promote the transcription of target genes. Type-A response regulators seem to act as negative regulators of the cytokinin signaling. Modulates red light signaling through its interaction with the phytochrome B photoreceptor. (259 aa)
PHYAPhytochrome A; Regulatory photoreceptor which exists in two forms that are reversibly interconvertible by light: the Pr form that absorbs maximally in the red region of the spectrum and the Pfr form that absorbs maximally in the far-red region. Photoconversion of Pr to Pfr induces an array of morphogenetic responses, whereas reconversion of Pfr to Pr cancels the induction of those responses. Pfr controls the expression of a number of nuclear genes including those encoding the small subunit of ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase, chlorophyll A/B binding protein, protochlorophyllide reduct [...] (1122 aa)
PHYBPhytochrome B; Regulatory photoreceptor which exists in two forms that are reversibly interconvertible by light: the Pr form that absorbs maximally in the red region of the spectrum and the Pfr form that absorbs maximally in the far-red region. Photoconversion of Pr to Pfr induces an array of morphogenetic responses, whereas reconversion of Pfr to Pr cancels the induction of those responses. Pfr controls the expression of a number of nuclear genes including those encoding the small subunit of ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase, chlorophyll A/B binding protein, protochlorophyllide reduct [...] (1172 aa)
CYCD3-1Cyclin-D3-1; Involved in the control of the cell cycle at the G1/S (start) transition. Activates the G1/S phase transition in response to cytokinin hormone signal, but declines in response to sucrose starvation leading to G1 arrest. Involved in the induction of mitotic cell division. Plays an important role in the switch from cell proliferation to the final stages of differentiation during plant development. May not be involved in the activation of cell cycle in the root apical meristem (RAM) in the early phase of seed germination. Promotes divisions in the guard cells (GCs) after the [...] (376 aa)
AP2Floral homeotic protein APETALA 2; Probable transcriptional activator that promotes early floral meristem identity. Is required subsequently for the transition of an inflorescence meristem into a floral meristem. Plays a central role in the specification of floral identity, particularly for the normal development of sepals and petals in the wild-type flower, by spatially controlling the expression domains of multiple floral organ identity genes. Acts as A class cadastral protein by repressing the C class floral homeotic gene AGAMOUS in association with other repressors like LEUNIG and [...] (432 aa)
ARR12Two-component response regulator ARR12; Transcriptional activator that binds specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-[AG]GATT-3'. Functions as a response regulator involved in His-to-Asp phosphorelay signal transduction system. Phosphorylation of the Asp residue in the receiver domain activates the ability of the protein to promote the transcription of target genes. Could directly activate some type-A response regulators in response to cytokinins. Involved in the root-meristem size determination through the regulation of cell differentiation. Involved in activating SHY2 during meristem gro [...] (596 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Arabidopsis thaliana
NCBI taxonomy Id: 3702
Other names: A. thaliana, Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh., mouse-ear cress, thale cress, thale-cress
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