STRINGSTRING
GA3OX1 GA3OX1 GA20OX1 GA20OX1 SRK2D SRK2D WRI1 WRI1 DOGL4 DOGL4 NFYB6 NFYB6 RGL2 RGL2 ALEU ALEU NFYC2 NFYC2 F18N11.70 F18N11.70 HUB1 HUB1 SRK2E SRK2E CRC-2 CRC-2 ABA2 ABA2 BZIP8 BZIP8 ZEP ZEP AHG1 AHG1 NAC054 NAC054 NCED6 NCED6 HSFA9 HSFA9 FUS3 FUS3 BHLH57 BHLH57 AMP1 AMP1 NCED9 NCED9 ABI5 ABI5 BPC1 BPC1 SNL1 SNL1 GID2 GID2 YUC1 YUC1 TTG1 TTG1 TFIIS TFIIS DPBF2 DPBF2 ABI4 ABI4 DOG1 DOG1 B3H7M7_ARATH B3H7M7_ARATH SDR4 SDR4 RAF10 RAF10 HDA19 HDA19 NCED2 NCED2 TZF6 TZF6 SDR3a SDR3a AT2S3 AT2S3 FAD3 FAD3 PP2CA PP2CA ABI3 ABI3 EM6 EM6 EM1 EM1 T25N20.10 T25N20.10 LEC2 LEC2 MYB96 MYB96
Nodes:
Network nodes represent proteins
splice isoforms or post-translational modifications are collapsed, i.e. each node represents all the proteins produced by a single, protein-coding gene locus.
Node Color
colored nodes:
query proteins and first shell of interactors
white nodes:
second shell of interactors
Node Content
empty nodes:
proteins of unknown 3D structure
filled nodes:
a 3D structure is known or predicted
Edges:
Edges represent protein-protein associations
associations are meant to be specific and meaningful, i.e. proteins jointly contribute to a shared function; this does not necessarily mean they are physically binding to each other.
Known Interactions
from curated databases
experimentally determined
Predicted Interactions
gene neighborhood
gene fusions
gene co-occurrence
Others
textmining
co-expression
protein homology
Your Input:
GA3OX1Gibberellin 3-beta-dioxygenase 1; Converts the inactive gibberellin (GA) precursors GA9 and GA20 in the bioactives gibberellins GA4 and GA1. Involved in the production of bioactive GA for vegetative growth and development. Belongs to the iron/ascorbate-dependent oxidoreductase family. GA3OX subfamily. (358 aa)
GA20OX1Gibberellin 20 oxidase 1; Key oxidase enzyme in the biosynthesis of gibberellin that catalyzes the conversion of GA12 and GA53 to GA9 and GA20 respectively, via a three-step oxidation at C-20 of the GA skeleton. GA53 is less effectively oxidized than GA12, and GA25 is also formed as a minor product. Involved in the promotion of the floral transition, fertility and silique elongation, but plays only a minor role in elongation of seedling organs. Acts redundantly with GA20OX2. Belongs to the iron/ascorbate-dependent oxidoreductase family. GA20OX subfamily. (377 aa)
SRK2DSerine/threonine-protein kinase SRK2D; Together with SRK2I, key component and activator of the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway that regulates numerous ABA responses, such as seed germination, Pro accumulation, root growth inhibition, dormancy and seedling growth, and, to a lesser extent, stomatal closure; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (362 aa)
WRI1Ethylene-responsive transcription factor WRI1; May be involved in the regulation of gene expression by stress factors and by components of stress signal transduction pathways (By similarity). Transcriptional activator involved in the activation of a subset of sugar-responsive genes and the control of carbon flow from sucrose import to oil accumulation in developing seeds. Binds to the GCC-box pathogenesis-related promoter element. Promotes sugar uptake and seed oil accumulation by glycolysis. Required for embryo development, seed germination and, indirectly, for seedling establishment. [...] (430 aa)
DOGL4Protein DOG1-like 4. (232 aa)
NFYB6Nuclear transcription factor Y subunit B-6; Component of the NF-Y/HAP transcription factor complex. The NF-Y complex stimulates the transcription of various genes by recognizing and binding to a CCAAT motif in promoters. Plays a role in the regulation of the embryogenesis. Involved in the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway; Belongs to the NFYB/HAP3 subunit family. (234 aa)
RGL2DELLA protein RGL2; Probable transcriptional regulator that acts as a repressor of the gibberellin (GA) signaling pathway. No effect of the BOI proteins on its stability. Probably acts by participating in large multiprotein complexes that repress transcription of GA-inducible genes. Upon GA application, it is degraded by the proteasome, allowing the GA signaling pathway. Acts as a major GA-response repressor of seed germination, including seed thermoinhibition. Promotes the biosynthesis of abscisic acid (ABA), especially in seed coats to maintain seed dormancy. Delays flowering and adu [...] (547 aa)
ALEUThiol protease aleurain; May play a role in proteolysis leading to mobilization of nitrogen during senescence and starvation. (358 aa)
NFYC2Nuclear transcription factor Y subunit C-2; Stimulates the transcription of various genes by recognizing and binding to a CCAAT motif in promoters; Belongs to the NFYC/HAP5 subunit family. (199 aa)
F18N11.70Thiol protease aleurain-like. (358 aa)
HUB1E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase BRE1-like 1; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that monoubiquitinates H2B to form H2BK143ub1. H2BK143ub1 gives a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation and is also prerequisite for H3K4me and maybe H3K79me. It thereby plays a central role in histone code and gene regulation. Forms a ubiquitin ligase complex in cooperation with the E2 enzyme UBC2/RAD6. Required for the regulation of flowering time and defense against necrotrophic fungal pathogens. Involved in the control of seed dormancy and germination. Belongs to the BRE1 family. (878 aa)
SRK2ESerine/threonine-protein kinase SRK2E; Activator of the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway that regulates numerous ABA responses, such as stomata closure in response to drought, darkness, high CO(2), plant pathogens, or decreases in atmospheric relative humidity (RH). Involved in the resistance to drought by avoiding water loss. Required for the stomata closure mediated by pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs) (e.g. flg22 and LPS) of pathogenic bacteria such as P.syringae pv. tomato (Pst) and E.coli O157:H7. As a plant defense process, stomata are closed transiently in order [...] (362 aa)
CRC-212S seed storage protein CRC alpha chain; Seed storage protein. (524 aa)
ABA2Xanthoxin dehydrogenase; Involved in the biosynthesis of abscisic acid. (285 aa)
BZIP8Basic leucine zipper 8; Belongs to the bZIP family. (138 aa)
ZEPZeaxanthin epoxidase, chloroplastic; Zeaxanthin epoxidase that plays an important role in the xanthophyll cycle and abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis. Converts zeaxanthin into antheraxanthin and subsequently violaxanthin. Required for resistance to osmotic and drought stresses, ABA-dependent stomatal closure, seed development and dormancy, modulation of defense gene expression and disease resistance and non-photochemical quencing (NPQ). Through its role in ABA biosynthesis, regulates the expression of stress-responsive genes such as RD29A during osmotic stress and is required for normal [...] (667 aa)
AHG1Probable protein phosphatase 2C 75; Negative regulator of abscisic acid (ABA) responses during seed germination; Belongs to the PP2C family. (416 aa)
NAC054Protein CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON 1; Transcription activator of STM and KNAT6. Involved in molecular mechanisms regulating shoot apical meristem (SAM) formation during embryogenesis and organ separation. Required for the fusion of septa of gynoecia along the length of the ovaries. Activates the shoot formation in callus in a STM-dependent manner. Seems to act as an inhibitor of cell division. (310 aa)
NCED69-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase NCED6, chloroplastic; Has a 11,12(11',12') 9-cis epoxycarotenoid cleavage activity. Catalyzes the first step of abscisic-acid biosynthesis from carotenoids. Contributes probably to abscisic acid synthesis for the induction of seed dormancy. (577 aa)
HSFA9Heat stress transcription factor A-9; Seed-specific transcriptional regulator that specifically binds DNA sequence 5'-AGAAnnTTCT-3' known as heat shock promoter elements (HSE). Seems to be specialized for the developmental expression of heat shock protein (HSP) genes during seed maturation. Activated by ABI3; Belongs to the HSF family. Class A subfamily. (331 aa)
FUS3B3 domain-containing transcription factor FUS3; Transcription regulator involved in gene regulation during late embryogenesis. Its expression to the epidermis is sufficient to control foliar organ identity by regulating positively the synthesis abscisic acid (ABA) and negatively gibberellin production. Negatively regulates TTG1 in the embryo. Positively regulates the abundance of the ABI3 protein in the seed. Cooperates with KIN10 to regulate developmental phase transitions and lateral organ development and act both as positive regulators of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling during germination. (313 aa)
BHLH57Transcription factor bHLH57. (315 aa)
AMP1Probable glutamate carboxypeptidase AMP1; May modulate the level of one or more small signaling molecules that have a role in regulating meristem function. May play a role in balancing and restricting the meristem-promoting activity of auxin signaling. Involved in ethylene and giberellin (GA) signaling pathways or in a parallel pathway controlling cell and hypocotyl elongation and cellular organization. Involved in abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway. Plays a negative role in ABA-mediated seed germination and seedling development. Acts in association with LAMP1 to suppress ectopic st [...] (705 aa)
NCED99-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase NCED9, chloroplastic; Has a 11,12(11',12') 9-cis epoxycarotenoid cleavage activity. Catalyzes the first step of abscisic-acid biosynthesis from carotenoids. Contributes probably to abscisic acid synthesis for the induction of seed dormancy. (657 aa)
ABI5Protein ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE 5; Participates in ABA-regulated gene expression during seed development and subsequent vegetative stage by acting as the major mediator of ABA repression of growth. Binds to the embryo specification element and the ABA-responsive element (ABRE) of the Dc3 gene promoter and to the ABRE of the Em1 and Em6 genes promoters. Can also trans- activate its own promoter, suggesting that it is autoregulated. Plays a role in sugar-mediated senescence. Belongs to the bZIP family. ABI5 subfamily. (442 aa)
BPC1Protein BASIC PENTACYSTEINE1; Transcriptional regulator that specifically binds to GA-rich elements (GAGA-repeats) present in regulatory sequences of genes involved in developmental processes. Negatively regulates the homeotic gene AGL11/STK, which controls ovule primordium identity, by a cooperative binding to purine-rich elements present in the regulatory sequence leading to DNA conformational changes. Belongs to the BBR/BPC family. (283 aa)
SNL1Paired amphipathic helix protein Sin3-like 1; Acts as a transcriptional repressor. An histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity is required for transcription repression. May play a role in telomere stability. (1372 aa)
GID2F-box protein GID2; Essential component of the SCF-type E3 ligase complex, SCF(GID2), a complex that positively regulates the gibberellin signaling pathway. Upon gibberellin treatment, the SCF(GID2) complex mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of DELLA proteins (GAI, RGA and RGL2), some repressors of the gibberellin pathway, leading to activate the pathway. (151 aa)
YUC1Probable indole-3-pyruvate monooxygenase YUCCA1; Involved in auxin biosynthesis, but not in the tryptamine or the CYP79B2/B3 branches. Catalyzes in vitro the N-oxidation of tryptamine to form N-hydroxyl tryptamine. Involved during embryogenesis and seedling development. Required for the formation of floral organs and vascular tissues. Belongs to the set of redundant YUCCA genes probably responsible for auxin biosynthesis in shoots. (414 aa)
TTG1Protein TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA 1; May regulate MYC transcription factors. Involved in epidermal cell fate specification such as trichome and root hair development, seed mucilage production, and anthocyanin biosynthesis by acting at the dihydroflavonol-4-reductase (DFR) step. Together with GL1 and GL3, promotes trichome formation. Activates the transcription of GL2. (341 aa)
TFIISTranscription elongation factor TFIIS; Necessary for efficient RNA polymerase II transcription elongation past template-encoded arresting sites (Probable). Involved in the control of seed dormancy and germination. (378 aa)
DPBF2ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE 5-like protein 1; Could participate in abscisic acid-regulated gene expression during seed development. (331 aa)
ABI4Ethylene-responsive transcription factor ABI4; Transcription regulator that probably binds to the GCC-box pathogenesis-related promoter element. Binds also to the S-box (5'- CACTTCCA-3') photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes-related (PhANGs- related) promoter element, and thus acts as a transcription inhibitor. Involved in the regulation of gene expression by stress factors and by components of stress signal transduction pathways. May have a function in the deetiolation process. Confers sensitivity to abscisic acid (ABA), and regulates the ABA signaling pathway during seed germinatio [...] (328 aa)
DOG1Protein DELAY OF GERMINATION 1; Required for the induction of seed dormancy. The level of DOG1 protein in freshly harvested seeds determines the level of seed dormancy. Determines the temperature window for germination by regulating the expression of micropylar endosperm-weakening genes through temperature control of the gibberellins metabolism. Regulates seed dormancy and flowering time through an influence on levels of microRNAs miR156 and miR172. Regulator of seed maturation interfering with abscisic acid signaling components and activating ABI5. In cv. Cvi-1, enhances glucose induc [...] (291 aa)
B3H7M7_ARATHCorepressor. (170 aa)
SDR4Short-chain dehydrogenase reductase 4. (298 aa)
RAF10PAS domain-containing protein tyrosine kinase family protein. (831 aa)
HDA19Histone deacetylase 19; Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes. HDA19 is involved in jasmonic acid and ethylene signaling of pathogen response. Part of a repressor complex including APETALA2 (AP2) and TOPLESS (TPL) that control the expression domains of numerous flora [...] (501 aa)
NCED29-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase NCED2, chloroplastic; Has a 11,12(11',12') 9-cis epoxycarotenoid cleavage activity. Catalyzes the first step of abscisic-acid biosynthesis from carotenoids; Belongs to the carotenoid oxygenase family. (583 aa)
TZF6Zinc finger CCCH domain-containing protein 54; Embryo-specific transcription factor required at the globular to heart stage transition in embryo development. (245 aa)
SDR3aShort-chain dehydrogenase reductase 3a; Confers resistance to the incompatible pathogenic bacteria P.syringae pv. tomato DC3000 in a PR1-dependent manner. Seems not involved in abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis. Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family. (257 aa)
AT2S32S seed storage protein 3 large subunit; This is a 2S seed storage protein. (164 aa)
FAD3Acyl-lipid omega-3 desaturase (cytochrome b5), endoplasmic reticulum; Microsomal (ER) omega-3 fatty acid desaturase introduces the third double bond in the biosynthesis of 18:3 fatty acids, important constituents of plant membranes. It is thought to use cytochrome b5 as an electron donor and to act on fatty acids esterified to phosphatidylcholine and, possibly, other phospholipids. (386 aa)
PP2CAProtein phosphatase 2C 37; Major negative regulator of abscisic acid (ABA) responses during seed germination and cold acclimation. Confers insensitivity to ABA. Modulates negatively the AKT2/3 activity, which mediates K(+) transport and membrane polarization during stress situations, probably by dephosphorylation. Prevents stomata closure by inactivating the S- type anion efflux channel SLAC1 and its activator SRK2E. Represses KIN10 activity by the specific dephosphorylation of its T-loop Thr-198, leading to a poststress inactivation of SnRK1 signaling. (399 aa)
ABI3B3 domain-containing transcription factor ABI3; Participates in abscisic acid-regulated gene expression during seed development. Regulates the transcription of SGR1 and SGR2 that are involved in leaf and embryo degreening. (720 aa)
EM6Em-like protein GEA6; It is thought to provide protection for the cytoplasm during the desiccation stage of embryo development. (92 aa)
EM1Em-like protein GEA1; It is thought to provide protection for the cytoplasm during the desiccation stage of embryo development; Belongs to the small hydrophilic plant seed protein family. (152 aa)
T25N20.10Bifunctional inhibitor/lipid-transfer protein/seed storage 2S albumin superfamily protein. (205 aa)
LEC2B3 domain-containing transcription factor LEC2; Transcription regulator that plays a central role in embryo development. Required for the maintenance of suspensor morphology, specification of cotyledon identity, progression through the maturation phase and suppression of premature germination. Ectopic expression is sufficient to promote somatic embryogenesis. (363 aa)
MYB96Transcription factor MYB96; Transcription activator involved in the activation of cuticular wax biosynthesis under drought stress. Binds directly to DNA consensus sequences found in the promoters of genes encoding very-long- chain fatty acid-condensing enzymes involved in cuticular wax biosynthesis. Functions together with MYB94 in the activation of cuticular wax biosynthesis. Involved in drought stress response through abscisic acid (ABA) signaling. Mediates ABA signals that enhance plant resistance to drought by reducing stomatal opening. Mediates ABA-auxin cross-talk to regulate lat [...] (352 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Arabidopsis thaliana
NCBI taxonomy Id: 3702
Other names: A. thaliana, Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh., mouse-ear cress, thale cress, thale-cress
Server load: low (12%) [HD]
STRING is a Core Data Resource as designated by Global Biodata Coalition and ELIXIR.