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| | ACS9 | 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 9; 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACS) enzymes catalyze the conversion of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) into 1- aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC), a direct precursor of ethylene; Belongs to the class-I pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. (470 aa) |
| | A0A1P8ARU2 | Phosphotransferase. (186 aa) |
| | ABI4 | Ethylene-responsive transcription factor ABI4; Transcription regulator that probably binds to the GCC-box pathogenesis-related promoter element. Binds also to the S-box (5'- CACTTCCA-3') photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes-related (PhANGs- related) promoter element, and thus acts as a transcription inhibitor. Involved in the regulation of gene expression by stress factors and by components of stress signal transduction pathways. May have a function in the deetiolation process. Confers sensitivity to abscisic acid (ABA), and regulates the ABA signaling pathway during seed germinatio [...] (328 aa) |
| | DOG1 | Protein DELAY OF GERMINATION 1; Required for the induction of seed dormancy. The level of DOG1 protein in freshly harvested seeds determines the level of seed dormancy. Determines the temperature window for germination by regulating the expression of micropylar endosperm-weakening genes through temperature control of the gibberellins metabolism. Regulates seed dormancy and flowering time through an influence on levels of microRNAs miR156 and miR172. Regulator of seed maturation interfering with abscisic acid signaling components and activating ABI5. In cv. Cvi-1, enhances glucose induc [...] (291 aa) |
| | F6N18.16 | Alcohol dehydrogenase-like 3. (394 aa) |
| | CHR10 | Probable helicase CHR10; Probable helicase-like transcription factor. (877 aa) |
| | SPS4 | Probable sucrose-phosphate synthase 4; Plays a role in photosynthetic sucrose synthesis by catalyzing the rate-limiting step of sucrose biosynthesis from UDP- glucose and fructose- 6-phosphate. Involved in the regulation of carbon partitioning in the leaves of plants. May regulate the synthesis of sucrose and therefore play a major role as a limiting factor in the export of photoassimilates out of the leaf. Plays a role for sucrose availability that is essential for plant growth and fiber elongation; Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 1 family. (1050 aa) |
| | SUS5 | Sucrose synthase 5; Sucrose-cleaving enzyme that provides UDP-glucose and fructose for various metabolic pathways. Functions in callose synthesis at the site of phloem sieve elements. (836 aa) |
| | ABI2 | Protein phosphatase 2C 77; Repressor of the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway that regulates numerous ABA responses, such as stomatal closure, osmotic water permeability of the plasma membrane (Pos), high light stress, response to glucose, seed germination and inhibition of vegetative growth. During the stomatal closure regulation, modulates the inward calcium-channel permeability as well as H(2)O(2) and oxidative burst in response to ABA and dehydration. Represses GHR1 and, to some extent, SRK2E/OST1, kinases involved in the regulation of SLAC1-dependent stomatal closure. Controls [...] (423 aa) |
| | EIN3 | Protein ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 3; Probable transcription factor acting as a positive regulator in the ethylene response pathway. Is required for ethylene responsiveness in adult plant tissues. Binds a primary ethylene response element present in the ETHYLENE-RESPONSE-FACTOR1 promoter with consequence to activate the transcription of this gene. (628 aa) |
| | PGM3 | Probable phosphoglucomutase, cytoplasmic 1; This enzyme participates in both the breakdown and synthesis of glucose; Belongs to the phosphohexose mutase family. (583 aa) |
| | ACX2 | Acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 2, peroxisomal; Catalyzes the desaturation of long-chain acyl-CoAs to 2- trans-enoyl-CoAs. Active on substrates longer than C14 and mostly with C18-CoA. Activity on long-chain mono-unsaturated substrates is double than with the corresponding saturated substrates. (692 aa) |
| | ACX1 | Peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1; Catalyzes the desaturation of both long- and medium-chain acyl-CoAs to 2-trans-enoyl-CoAs. Most active with C14-CoA. Activity on long-chain mono-unsaturated substrates is 40% higher than with the corresponding saturated substrates. Seems to be an important factor in the general metabolism of root tips. May be involved in the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid. (664 aa) |
| | CYP707A2 | Abscisic acid 8'-hydroxylase 2; Involved in the oxidative degradation of abscisic acid, but not in the isomerization of the produced 8'-hydroxyabscisic acid (8'- OH-ABA) to (-)-phaseic acid (PA). Involved in the control of seed dormancy and germination. (482 aa) |
| | F24G24.60 | Probable fructokinase-5; May play an important role in maintaining the flux of carbon towards starch formation. (324 aa) |
| | AGL24 | MADS-box protein AGL24; Transcription activator that mediates floral transition in response to vernalization. Promotes inflorescence fate in apical meristems. Acts in a dosage-dependent manner. Probably involved in the transduction of RLK-mediated signaling (e.g. IMK3 pathway). Together with AP1 and SVP, controls the identity of the floral meristem and regulates expression of class B, C and E genes. When associated with SOC1, mediates effect of gibberellins on flowering under short-day conditions, and regulates the expression of LEAFY (LFY), which links floral induction and floral deve [...] (220 aa) |
| | ACX3 | Acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 3, peroxisomal; Catalyzes the desaturation of medium-chain acyl-CoAs to 2- trans-enoyl-CoAs. Active on C8:0- to C14:0-CoA with a maximal activity on C12:0-CoA. (675 aa) |
| | F3E22.17 | Putative acyl-coenzyme A oxidase At3g06690. (187 aa) |
| | CSY4 | Citrate synthase 4, mitochondrial; Belongs to the citrate synthase family. (474 aa) |
| | ICL | Isocitrate lyase; Involved in storage lipid mobilization during the growth of higher plant seedling; Belongs to the isocitrate lyase/PEP mutase superfamily. Isocitrate lyase family. (576 aa) |
| | PGIC | Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, cytosolic; Belongs to the GPI family. (560 aa) |
| | LOX2 | Lipoxygenase 2, chloroplastic; 13S-lipoxygenase that can use linolenic acid as substrates. Plant lipoxygenases may be involved in a number of diverse aspects of plant physiology including growth and development, pest resistance, and senescence or responses to wounding. Catalyzes the hydroperoxidation of lipids containing a cis,cis-1,4-pentadiene structure. Required for the wound-induced synthesis of jasmonic acid (JA) in leaves. (896 aa) |
| | SUS1 | Sucrose synthase 1; Sucrose-cleaving enzyme that provides UDP-glucose and fructose for various metabolic pathways; Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 1 family. Plant sucrose synthase subfamily. (808 aa) |
| | ABI1 | Protein phosphatase 2C 56; Key component and repressor of the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway that regulates numerous ABA responses, such as stomatal closure, osmotic water permeability of the plasma membrane (Pos), drought-induced resistance and rhizogenesis, response to glucose, high light stress, seed germination and inhibition of vegetative growth. During the stomatal closure regulation, modulates the inward calcium-channel permeability as well as the actin reorganization in guard cells in response to ABA. Involved in the resistance to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syrin [...] (434 aa) |
| | PP2CA | Protein phosphatase 2C 37; Major negative regulator of abscisic acid (ABA) responses during seed germination and cold acclimation. Confers insensitivity to ABA. Modulates negatively the AKT2/3 activity, which mediates K(+) transport and membrane polarization during stress situations, probably by dephosphorylation. Prevents stomata closure by inactivating the S- type anion efflux channel SLAC1 and its activator SRK2E. Represses KIN10 activity by the specific dephosphorylation of its T-loop Thr-198, leading to a poststress inactivation of SnRK1 signaling. (399 aa) |
| | APS1 | Glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase small subunit, chloroplastic; This protein plays a role in synthesis of starch. It catalyzes the synthesis of the activated glycosyl donor, ADP-glucose from Glc-1-P and ATP. (520 aa) |
| | ADG2 | Glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 1, chloroplastic; This protein plays a role in synthesis of starch. It catalyzes the synthesis of the activated glycosyl donor, ADP-glucose from Glc-1-P and ATP. (522 aa) |
| | APL2 | Glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic; This protein plays a role in synthesis of starch. It catalyzes the synthesis of the activated glycosyl donor, ADP-glucose from Glc-1-P and ATP. (518 aa) |
| | APL3 | Glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 3, chloroplastic; This protein plays a role in synthesis of starch. It catalyzes the synthesis of the activated glycosyl donor, ADP-glucose from Glc-1-P and ATP. (521 aa) |
| | RAV2 | AP2/ERF and B3 domain-containing transcription repressor RAV2; Probably acts as a transcriptional activator. Binds to the GCC-box pathogenesis-related promoter element. May be involved in the regulation of gene expression by stress factors and by components of stress signal transduction pathways (By similarity). Transcriptional repressor of flowering time on long day plants. Acts directly on FT expression by binding 5'-CAACA-3' and 5'-CACCTG-3 sequences (Probable). Functionally redundant with TEM1. (352 aa) |
| | HXK2 | Hexokinase-2; Fructose and glucose phosphorylating enzyme. May be involved in the phosphorylation of glucose during the export from mitochondrion to cytosol. Acts as sugar sensor which may regulate sugar-dependent gene repression or activation. Mediates the effects of sugar on plant growth and development independently of its catalytic activity or the sugar metabolism. May regulate the execution of program cell death in plant cells ; Belongs to the hexokinase family. (502 aa) |
| | SUS2 | Sucrose synthase 2; Sucrose-cleaving enzyme that provides UDP-glucose and fructose for various metabolic pathways. Modulates metabolic homeostasis and directs carbon towards starch synthesis in developing seeds. (807 aa) |
| | ABI3 | B3 domain-containing transcription factor ABI3; Participates in abscisic acid-regulated gene expression during seed development. Regulates the transcription of SGR1 and SGR2 that are involved in leaf and embryo degreening. (720 aa) |
| | ACS5 | 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 5; 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACS) enzymes catalyze the conversion of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) into 1- aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC), a direct precursor of ethylene. (470 aa) |
| | HXK1 | Hexokinase-1; Fructose and glucose phosphorylating enzyme. May be involved in the phosphorylation of glucose during the export from mitochondrion to cytosol. Acts as sugar sensor which may regulate sugar-dependent gene repression or activation. Mediates the effects of sugar on plant growth and development independently of its catalytic activity or the sugar metabolism. May regulate the execution of program cell death in plant cells. Promotes roots and leaves growth. Belongs to the hexokinase family. (496 aa) |
| | ACO1 | Aconitate hydratase 1; Catalyzes the isomerization of citrate to isocitrate via cis- aconitate. Contributes to oxidative stress tolerance. May have a role in respiration. Belongs to the aconitase/IPM isomerase family. (898 aa) |
| | CYP90A1 | Cytochrome P450 90A1. (472 aa) |
| | ATS1 | Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, chloroplastic; Esterifies acyl-group from acyl-ACP to the sn-1 position of glycerol-3-phosphate. The enzyme from chilling-resistant plants discriminates against non-fluid palmitic acid and selects oleic acid whereas the enzyme from sensitive plants accepts both fatty acids. This is an oleate-selective acyltransferase. (459 aa) |
| | ACS4 | 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 4; 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACS) enzymes catalyze the conversion of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) into 1- aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC), a direct precursor of ethylene. (474 aa) |
| | ATHXK4 | Hexokinase-4; Fructose and glucose phosphorylating enzyme (By similarity). May be involved in the phosphorylation of glucose during the export from mitochondrion to cytosol (By similarity). (502 aa) |
| | TIR1 | Protein TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE 1; Auxin receptor that mediates Aux/IAA proteins proteasomal degradation and auxin-regulated transcription. The SCF(TIR1) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex is involved in auxin-mediated signaling pathway that regulate root and hypocotyl growth, lateral root formation, cell elongation, and gravitropism. Appears to allow pericycle cells to overcome G2 arrest prior to lateral root development. Plays a role in ethylene signaling in roots. Confers sensitivity to the virulent bacterial pathogen P.syringae. (594 aa) |
| | RGL2 | DELLA protein RGL2; Probable transcriptional regulator that acts as a repressor of the gibberellin (GA) signaling pathway. No effect of the BOI proteins on its stability. Probably acts by participating in large multiprotein complexes that repress transcription of GA-inducible genes. Upon GA application, it is degraded by the proteasome, allowing the GA signaling pathway. Acts as a major GA-response repressor of seed germination, including seed thermoinhibition. Promotes the biosynthesis of abscisic acid (ABA), especially in seed coats to maintain seed dormancy. Delays flowering and adu [...] (547 aa) |
| | PGI1 | Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1, chloroplastic; Promotes the synthesis of starch in leaves. (613 aa) |
| | TIFY5A | Protein TIFY 5A; Repressor of jasmonate responses. Unable to associate strongly with COI1 in the presence of jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile) and is therefore more resistant to JA-mediated-degradation than other TIFY/JAZ proteins. Repress gene expression through direct recruitment of the corepressor TOPLESS to cognate transcription factors. (131 aa) |
| | GA2OX1 | Gibberellin 2-beta-dioxygenase 1; Catalyzes the 2-beta-hydroxylation of several biologically active gibberellins, leading to the homeostatic regulation of their endogenous level. Catabolism of gibberellins (GAs) plays a central role in plant development. Converts GA9/GA20 to GA51/GA29 and GA4/GA1 to GA34/GA8; Belongs to the iron/ascorbate-dependent oxidoreductase family. GA2OX subfamily. (329 aa) |
| | T4C12_30 | Alcohol dehydrogenase-like 6. (381 aa) |
| | AMY2 | Probable alpha-amylase 2; Probable alpha-amylase that does not seem to be required for breakdown of transitory starch in leaves. (413 aa) |
| | SPS3-2 | Probable sucrose-phosphate synthase 3; Plays a role in photosynthetic sucrose synthesis by catalyzing the rate-limiting step of sucrose biosynthesis from UDP- glucose and fructose- 6-phosphate. Involved in the regulation of carbon partitioning in the leaves of plants. May regulate the synthesis of sucrose and therefore play a major role as a limiting factor in the export of photoassimilates out of the leaf. Plays a role for sucrose availability that is essential for plant growth and fiber elongation. (1062 aa) |
| | F13O11.3 | Alcohol dehydrogenase-like 4; Belongs to the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family. Class-III subfamily. (380 aa) |
| | AMY1 | Alpha-amylase 1; Possesses alpha-amylase activity in vitro, but seems not required for breakdown of transitory starch in leaves. (423 aa) |
| | KO | Ent-kaurene oxidase, chloroplastic; Catalyzes three successive oxidations of the 4-methyl group of ent-kaurene giving kaurenoic acid, a key step in gibberellins (GAs) biosynthesis. GAs, which are involved many processes, including stem elongation, play a central role in plant development. (509 aa) |
| | AMY3 | Alpha-amylase 3, chloroplastic; Possesses endoamylolytic activity in vitro, but seems not required for breakdown of transitory starch in leaves. May be involved in the determination of the final structure of glucans by shortening long linear phospho-oligosaccharides in the chloroplast stroma. Can act on both soluble and insoluble glucan substrates to release small linear and branched malto-oligosaccharides. Works synergistically with beta-amylase toward efficient starch degradation. Has activity against p-nitrophenyl maltoheptaoside (BPNP-G7), amylopectin and beta-limit dextrin. Involv [...] (887 aa) |
| | SPS1-2 | Sucrose-phosphate synthase 1; Plays a major role in photosynthetic sucrose synthesis by catalyzing the rate-limiting step of sucrose biosynthesis from UDP- glucose and fructose- 6-phosphate. Involved in the regulation of carbon partitioning in the leaves of plants. May regulate the synthesis of sucrose and therefore play a major role as a limiting factor in the export of photoassimilates out of the leaf. Plays a role for sucrose availability that is essential for plant growth and fiber elongation. Required for nectar secretion. (1043 aa) |
| | ACX4 | Acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 4, peroxisomal; Catalyzes the desaturation of short-chain acyl-CoAs to 2- trans-enoyl-CoAs. Active on butyryl-CoA (C4), hexanoyl-CoA (C6), and octanoyl-CoA (C8). Has no activity as acyl-CoA dehydrogenase or on crotonyl-CoA (an unsaturated C4:1 carbocyclic ester) or glutaryl-CoA (a dicarboxylic ester). (436 aa) |
| | F28G11.11 | Probable fructokinase-6, chloroplastic; May play an important role in maintaining the flux of carbon towards starch formation; Belongs to the carbohydrate kinase PfkB family. (384 aa) |
| | BZIP8 | Basic leucine zipper 8; Belongs to the bZIP family. (138 aa) |
| | LOX6 | Lipoxygenase 6, chloroplastic; Plant lipoxygenases may be involved in a number of diverse aspects of plant physiology including growth and development, pest resistance, and senescence or responses to wounding. Catalyzes the hydroperoxidation of lipids containing a cis,cis-1,4-pentadiene structure (By similarity). 13S-lipoxygenase that can use linolenic acid as substrates. (917 aa) |
| | HAB1 | Protein phosphatase 2C 16; Key component and repressor of the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway that regulates numerous ABA responses, such as stomatal closure, seed germination and inhibition of vegetative growth. Confers enhanced sensitivity to drought. Belongs to the PP2C family. (511 aa) |
| | ERF114 | Ethylene-responsive transcription factor ERF114; Transcriptional regulator of cell proliferation and axillary bud outgrowth. Involved in maintaining the structure of the shoot apical meristem as well as plastochron and phyllotaxy. Activates several genes involved in cell cycle regulation and dormancy breaking, including CYCD3-3, DPA, and BARD1. Strongly down-regulates DRM1, DRMH1, MARD1 and several genes encoding different types of cell wall- remodeling proteins; Belongs to the AP2/ERF transcription factor family. ERF subfamily. (248 aa) |
| | SDH | Sorbitol dehydrogenase; Polyol dehydrogenase that catalyzes the NAD(+)-dependent oxidation of various sugar alcohols. Is mostly active with D-sorbitol (D-glucitol), ribitol and xylitol as substrates, leading to the C2- oxidized products D-fructose, D-ribulose and D-xylulose, respectively. To a lesser extent, can also oxidize arabitol, mannitol, lactitol and maltitol in vitro. Is required for sorbitol metabolism. Cannot use NADP(+) as the electron acceptor. (364 aa) |
| | MIO24.3 | Probable fructokinase-7; May play an important role in maintaining the flux of carbon towards starch formation. (343 aa) |
| | AHG1 | Probable protein phosphatase 2C 75; Negative regulator of abscisic acid (ABA) responses during seed germination; Belongs to the PP2C family. (416 aa) |
| | PDAT1 | Phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1; Triacylglycerol formation by an acyl-CoA independent pathway. The enzyme preferentially transfers acyl groups from the sn-2 position of a phospholipid to diacylglycerol, thus forming an sn-1- lysophospholipid. Involved in epoxy and hydroxy fatty acid accumulation in seeds. Has complementary functions with DAG1 that are essential for triacylglycerol synthesis and normal development of both seeds and pollen. (671 aa) |
| | LOX4 | Lipoxygenase 4, chloroplastic; Plant lipoxygenases may be involved in a number of diverse aspects of plant physiology including growth and development, pest resistance, and senescence or responses to wounding. Catalyzes the hydroperoxidation of lipids containing a cis,cis-1,4-pentadiene structure (By similarity). 13S-lipoxygenase that can use linolenic acid as substrates. (926 aa) |
| | SUS6 | Sucrose synthase 6; Sucrose-cleaving enzyme that provides UDP-glucose and fructose for various metabolic pathways. Functions in callose synthesis at the site of phloem sieve elements. (942 aa) |
| | SPS2-2 | Probable sucrose-phosphate synthase 2; Plays a role in photosynthetic sucrose synthesis by catalyzing the rate-limiting step of sucrose biosynthesis from UDP- glucose and fructose- 6-phosphate. Involved in the regulation of carbon partitioning in the leaves of plants. May regulate the synthesis of sucrose and therefore play a major role as a limiting factor in the export of photoassimilates out of the leaf. Plays a role for sucrose availability that is essential for plant growth and fiber elongation. Required for nectar secretion. (1047 aa) |
| | PDAT2 | Putative phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2; Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily. Lipase family. (665 aa) |
| | HXK3 | Hexokinase-like 1 protein; Fructose and glucose phosphorylating enzyme. Belongs to the hexokinase family. (493 aa) |
| | ACX3.2 | Putative acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 3.2, peroxisomal; Catalyzes the desaturation of acyl-CoAs to 2-trans-enoyl- CoAs. (675 aa) |
| | DREB1F | Dehydration-responsive element-binding protein 1F; Transcriptional activator that binds specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-[AG]CCGAC-3'. Binding to the C-repeat/DRE element mediates cold or dehydration-inducible transcription. CBF/DREB1 factors play a key role in freezing tolerance and cold acclimation. (209 aa) |
| | T21E18.8 | Probable fructokinase-2; May play an important role in maintaining the flux of carbon towards starch formation. (329 aa) |
| | T21E18.7 | Probable fructokinase-3; May play an important role in maintaining the flux of carbon towards starch formation. (345 aa) |
| | HAB2 | Protein phosphatase 2C 7; Key component and repressor of the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway that regulates numerous ABA responses, such as stomatal closure, seed germination and inhibition of vegetative growth. (511 aa) |
| | LOX3 | Lipoxygenase 3, chloroplastic; 13S-lipoxygenase that can use linolenic acid as substrates. Plant lipoxygenases may be involved in a number of diverse aspects of plant physiology including growth and development, pest resistance, and senescence or responses to wounding. Catalyzes the hydroperoxidation of lipids containing a cis,cis-1,4-pentadiene structure (By similarity). (919 aa) |
| | HKL1 | Hexokinase-3; Fructose and glucose phosphorylating enzyme (By similarity). May be involved in the phosphorylation of glucose during the export from mitochondrion to cytosol (By similarity). (498 aa) |
| | GAI | DELLA protein GAI; Transcriptional regulator that acts as a repressor of the gibberellin (GA) signaling pathway. Transcription coactivator of the zinc finger transcription factors GAF1/IDD2 and ENY/IDD1 in regulation of gibberellin homeostasis and signaling. No effect of the BOI proteins on its stability. Probably acts by participating in large multiprotein complexes that repress transcription of GA-inducible genes. Positively regulates XERICO expression. In contrast to RGA, it is less sensitive to GA. Its activity is probably regulated by other phytohormones such as auxin and ethylene [...] (533 aa) |
| | SCRM | Transcription factor ICE1; Transcriptional activator that regulates the cold-induced transcription of CBF/DREB1 genes. Binds specifically to the MYC recognition sites (5'-CANNTG-3') found in the CBF3/DREB1A promoter. Mediates stomatal differentiation in the epidermis probably by controlling successive roles of SPCH, MUTE, and FAMA. Functions as a dimer with SPCH during stomatal initiation. (494 aa) |
| | SUS4 | Sucrose synthase 4; Sucrose-cleaving enzyme that provides UDP-glucose and fructose for various metabolic pathways; Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 1 family. Plant sucrose synthase subfamily. (808 aa) |
| | CSY2 | Citrate synthase 2, peroxisomal; Peroxisomal citrate synthase required for the fatty acid respiration in seedlings, citrate being exported from peroxisomes into mitochondria during respiration of triacylglycerol (TAG). Indeed, complete respiration requires the transfer of carbon in the form of citrate from the peroxisome to the mitochondria. (514 aa) |
| | CSY1 | Citrate synthase 1, peroxisomal; Belongs to the citrate synthase family. (480 aa) |
| | MLS | Malate synthase; Does not seem to be essential for lipid utilization and gluconeogenesis in seedlings; Belongs to the malate synthase family. (562 aa) |
| | SUS3 | Sucrose synthase 3; Sucrose-cleaving enzyme that provides UDP-glucose and fructose for various metabolic pathways. Modulates metabolic homeostasis and direct carbon towards starch synthesis in developing seeds. (809 aa) |
| | T16L24.30 | Probable fructokinase-4; May play an important role in maintaining the flux of carbon towards starch formation. (326 aa) |
| | CSY5 | Citrate synthase 5, mitochondrial; Belongs to the citrate synthase family. (464 aa) |
| | GBSS1 | Granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic; Required for the synthesis of amylose. Destroyed as it is released from the starch granules during the night. The circadian expression is controlled by CCA1 and LHY transcription factors. (610 aa) |
| | PKL | CHD3-type chromatin-remodeling factor PICKLE; Chromatin remodeling factor that represses the expression of embryonic trait genes (such as NFYB9/LEC1) upon and after seed germination and thus enables the developmental switch to post- germinative growth. Silences some MADS-box proteins such as PHE1 and PHE2. Plays a role during carpel differentiation. Regulates late processes in cytokinin signaling. (1384 aa) |
| | ACS11 | 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 11; 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACS) enzymes catalyze the conversion of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) into 1- aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC), a direct precursor of ethylene; Belongs to the class-I pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. (460 aa) |
| | GA2 | Ent-kaur-16-ene synthase, chloroplastic; Catalyzes the conversion of ent-copalyl diphosphate to the gibberellin precursor ent-kaur-16-ene. (785 aa) |
| | PGMP | Phosphoglucomutase, chloroplastic; This enzyme participates in both the breakdown and synthesis of glucose; Belongs to the phosphohexose mutase family. (623 aa) |
| | PGM2 | Probable phosphoglucomutase, cytoplasmic 2; This enzyme participates in both the breakdown and synthesis of glucose. (585 aa) |
| | DREB1E | Dehydration-responsive element-binding protein 1E; Transcriptional activator that binds specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-[AG]CCGAC-3'. Binding to the C-repeat/DRE element mediates cold or dehydration-inducible transcription. CBF/DREB1 factors play a key role in freezing tolerance and cold acclimation. Belongs to the AP2/ERF transcription factor family. ERF subfamily. (181 aa) |
| | T28P16.12 | Probable fructokinase-1; May play an important role in maintaining the flux of carbon towards starch formation. (325 aa) |
| | APL4 | Probable glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit, chloroplastic; This protein plays a role in synthesis of starch. It catalyzes the synthesis of the activated glycosyl donor, ADP-glucose from Glc-1-P and ATP (By similarity); Belongs to the bacterial/plant glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase family. (523 aa) |
| | CSY3 | Citrate synthase 3, peroxisomal; Peroxisomal citrate synthase required for the fatty acid respiration in seedlings, citrate being exported from peroxisomes into mitochondria during respiration of triacylglycerol (TAG). Indeed, complete respiration requires the transfer of carbon in the form of citrate from the peroxisome to the mitochondria. (509 aa) |
| | ABI5 | Protein ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE 5; Participates in ABA-regulated gene expression during seed development and subsequent vegetative stage by acting as the major mediator of ABA repression of growth. Binds to the embryo specification element and the ABA-responsive element (ABRE) of the Dc3 gene promoter and to the ABRE of the Em1 and Em6 genes promoters. Can also trans- activate its own promoter, suggesting that it is autoregulated. Plays a role in sugar-mediated senescence. Belongs to the bZIP family. ABI5 subfamily. (442 aa) |
| | RGA | DELLA protein RGA; Probable transcriptional regulator that acts as a repressor of the gibberellin (GA) signaling pathway. Probably acts by participating in large multiprotein complexes that repress transcription of GA-inducible genes. Positively regulates XERICO expression in seeds. Upon GA application, it is degraded by the proteasome, allowing the GA signaling pathway. Compared to other DELLA proteins, it is the most sensitive to GA application. No effect of the BOI proteins on its stability. Its activity is probably regulated by other phytohormones such as auxin and ethylene, attenu [...] (587 aa) |
| | ACS7 | 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 7; 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACS) enzymes catalyze the conversion of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) into 1- aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC), a direct precursor of ethylene. (447 aa) |
| | GID2 | F-box protein GID2; Essential component of the SCF-type E3 ligase complex, SCF(GID2), a complex that positively regulates the gibberellin signaling pathway. Upon gibberellin treatment, the SCF(GID2) complex mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of DELLA proteins (GAI, RGA and RGL2), some repressors of the gibberellin pathway, leading to activate the pathway. (151 aa) |
| | YUC1 | Probable indole-3-pyruvate monooxygenase YUCCA1; Involved in auxin biosynthesis, but not in the tryptamine or the CYP79B2/B3 branches. Catalyzes in vitro the N-oxidation of tryptamine to form N-hydroxyl tryptamine. Involved during embryogenesis and seedling development. Required for the formation of floral organs and vascular tissues. Belongs to the set of redundant YUCCA genes probably responsible for auxin biosynthesis in shoots. (414 aa) |
| | ACS8 | 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 8; 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACS) enzymes catalyze the conversion of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) into 1- aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC), a direct precursor of ethylene. (469 aa) |
| | HKL3 | Probable hexokinase-like 2 protein; Fructose and glucose phosphorylating enzyme. (493 aa) |
| | DDM1 | ATP-dependent DNA helicase DDM1; ATP-dependent DNA helicase that plays a role in formation, organization, stability and heritability of heterochromatin and thus regulates several physiological traits. Binds to the nucleosome and promotes chromatin remodeling in an ATP-dependent manner; induces nucleosome repositioning on a short DNA fragment, and, possibly, could be guided to target sites (including silent transposable elements) by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). Can bind both free and nucleosomal DNA. Required for the heritable maintenance of genome integrity and transcriptional gene [...] (764 aa) |
| | GA2OX2 | Gibberellin 2-beta-dioxygenase 2; Catalyzes the 2-beta-hydroxylation of several biologically active gibberellins, leading to the homeostatic regulation of their endogenous level. Catabolism of gibberellins (GAs) plays a central role in plant development. Converts GA9/GA20 to GA51/GA29 and GA4/GA1 to GA34/GA8. (341 aa) |
| | ACX1.2 | Putative peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1.2; Catalyzes the desaturation of acyl-CoAs to 2-trans-enoyl- CoAs. (664 aa) |
| | CHR8 | Protein CHROMATIN REMODELING 8; Essential factor involved in transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TCR) which allows RNA polymerase II-blocking lesions to be rapidly removed from the transcribed strand of active genes. Upon DNA-binding, it locally modifies DNA conformation by wrapping the DNA around itself, thereby modifying the interface between stalled RNA polymerase II and DNA. It is required for transcription-coupled repair complex formation; Belongs to the SNF2/RAD54 helicase family. (1187 aa) |
| | T4E14.7 | 2-oxoglutarate (2OG) and Fe(II)-dependent oxygenase superfamily protein. (148 aa) |
