STRINGSTRING
BETA-OHASE_1 BETA-OHASE_1 DXR DXR DXPS1 DXPS1 BAS BAS ISPG ISPG HEME2 HEME2 ISPE ISPE PSY1 PSY1 CAS1 CAS1 HMG2 HMG2 MK MK HMGS HMGS PDS PDS LAS1 LAS1 DXS DXS ZDS1 ZDS1 LUT2 LUT2 LCY1 LCY1 SMT2 SMT2 CYP97C1 CYP97C1 LUP2 LUP2 CYP97A3 CYP97A3 HEME1 HEME1 ISPH ISPH LOS1 LOS1 PMK PMK ABA2 ABA2 ISPF ISPF ZEP ZEP MGN6.20 MGN6.20 SMT1 SMT1 DXPS3 DXPS3 BETA-OHASE_2 BETA-OHASE_2 CRTISO CRTISO F3H F3H Z-ISO Z-ISO
Nodes:
Network nodes represent proteins
splice isoforms or post-translational modifications are collapsed, i.e. each node represents all the proteins produced by a single, protein-coding gene locus.
Node Color
colored nodes:
query proteins and first shell of interactors
white nodes:
second shell of interactors
Node Content
empty nodes:
proteins of unknown 3D structure
filled nodes:
a 3D structure is known or predicted
Edges:
Edges represent protein-protein associations
associations are meant to be specific and meaningful, i.e. proteins jointly contribute to a shared function; this does not necessarily mean they are physically binding to each other.
Known Interactions
from curated databases
experimentally determined
Predicted Interactions
gene neighborhood
gene fusions
gene co-occurrence
Others
textmining
co-expression
protein homology
Your Input:
BETA-OHASE_1Beta-carotene 3-hydroxylase 1, chloroplastic; Nonheme diiron monooxygenase involved in the biosynthesis of xanthophylls. Specific for beta-ring hydroxylations of beta-carotene. Has also a low activity toward the beta- and epsilon-rings of alpha- carotene. No activity with acyclic carotenoids such as lycopene and neurosporene. Uses ferredoxin as an electron donor. Belongs to the sterol desaturase family. (310 aa)
DXR1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase, chloroplastic; Enzyme of the plastid non-mevalonate pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis that catalyzes the NADP-dependent rearrangement and reduction of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate (DXP) to 2-C-methyl-D- erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP). Required for chloroplast development. (477 aa)
DXPS11-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase 1. (677 aa)
BASBeta-amyrin synthase; Converts oxidosqualene to beta-amyrin. Belongs to the terpene cyclase/mutase family. (759 aa)
ISPG4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate synthase (ferredoxin), chloroplastic; Enzyme of the plastid non-mevalonate pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis that converts 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate (ME-2,4cPP) into 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate. Is essential for chloroplast development and required for the salicylic acid (SA)-mediated disease resistance to biotrophic pathogens. (741 aa)
HEME2Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase 2, chloroplastic; Catalyzes the decarboxylation of four acetate groups of uroporphyrinogen-III to yield coproporphyrinogen-III. (394 aa)
ISPE4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol kinase, chloroplastic; Enzyme of the plastid non-mevalonate pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis that catalyzes the phosphorylation of the position 2 hydroxy group of 4-diphosphocytidyl-2C-methyl-D-erythritol. Is essential for chloroplast development. (383 aa)
PSY1Phytoene synthase, chloroplastic; Catalyzes the reaction from prephytoene diphosphate to phytoene; Belongs to the phytoene/squalene synthase family. (422 aa)
CAS1Cycloartenol synthase; Converts oxidosqualene to cycloartenol and 1% parkeol. Involved in plastid biogenesis. Essential for the male gametophyte function; Belongs to the terpene cyclase/mutase family. (759 aa)
HMG23-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase 2; Catalyzes the synthesis of mevalonate. The specific precursor of all isoprenoid compounds present in plants. Belongs to the HMG-CoA reductase family. (562 aa)
MKMevalonate kinase; Catalyzes the phosphorylation of mevalonate to mevalonate 5- phosphate, a key step in isoprenoid and cholesterol biosynthesis. Belongs to the GHMP kinase family. Mevalonate kinase subfamily. (378 aa)
HMGSHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase; This enzyme condenses acetyl-CoA with acetoacetyl-CoA to form HMG-CoA, which is the substrate for HMG-CoA reductase. Devoided of acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (AACT) activity. Required for the development of both tapetosomes and elaioplasts in tapetal cells and for pollen viability during pollen tube elongation; Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. HMG-CoA synthase family. (461 aa)
PDS15-cis-phytoene desaturase, chloroplastic/chromoplastic; Converts phytoene into zeta-carotene via the intermediary of phytofluene by the symmetrical introduction of two double bonds at the C-11 and C-11' positions of phytoene with a concomitant isomerization of two neighboring double bonds at the C9 and C9' positions from trans to cis; Belongs to the carotenoid/retinoid oxidoreductase family. (566 aa)
LAS1Lanosterol synthase; Converts oxidosqualene to lanosterol. Belongs to the terpene cyclase/mutase family. (756 aa)
DXS1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase, chloroplastic; Catalyzes the acyloin condensation reaction between C atoms 2 and 3 of pyruvate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to yield 1-deoxy-D- xylulose-5-phosphate (DXP). Is a limiting enzyme for plastidic isoprenoid biosynthesis and essential for chloroplast development. Belongs to the transketolase family. DXPS subfamily. (717 aa)
ZDS1Zeta-carotene desaturase, chloroplastic/chromoplastic; Plays a crucial role in plant growth and development. Is essential for the biosynthesis of carotenoids. Carotenoids are involved in different physiological processes, including coloration, photoprotection, biosynthesis of abscisic acid (ABA) and chloroplast biogenesis. Catalyzes the conversion of zeta-carotene to lycopene via the intermediary of neurosporene. It carries out two consecutive desaturations (introduction of double bonds) at positions C-7 and C-7'. Shows stereoselectivity toward trans C15-C15'zeta-carotene double bond. [...] (558 aa)
LUT2Lycopene epsilon cyclase, chloroplastic; Involved in carotenoid biosynthesis. Catalyzes the single epsilon-cyclization reaction which converts lycopene to delta-carotene and neurosporene to alpha-zeacarotene. Required for lutein biosynthesis. (524 aa)
LCY1Lycopene beta cyclase, chloroplastic; Involved in carotenoid biosynthesis. Catalyzes the double cyclization reaction which converts lycopene to beta-carotene and neurosporene to beta-zeacarotene. Major lycopene beta- cyclase that does not seem to be involved in neoxanthin synthesis. Involved in salt tolerance improvement by increasing synthesis of carotenoids, which impairs reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protects the photosynthetic system under salt stress. (501 aa)
SMT224-methylenesterol C-methyltransferase 2; Catalyzes the methyl transfer from S-adenosyl-methionine to the methylene group of 24-methylene lophenol to form 24-ethylidene lophenol. (361 aa)
CYP97C1Carotene epsilon-monooxygenase, chloroplastic; Heme-containing cytochrome P450 involved in the biosynthesis of xanthophylls. Specific for epsilon- and beta-ring hydroxylation of alpha-carotene. Has only a low activity toward the beta-rings of beta- carotene. The preferred substrate in planta is not alpha-carotene but the epsilon-ring of zeinoxanthin. (539 aa)
LUP2Amyrin synthase LUP2; Multifunctional enzyme that converts oxidosqualene to nine different triterpenes, mainly lupeol, beta-amyrin and alpha-amyrin in a 15:50:30 ratio; Belongs to the terpene cyclase/mutase family. (763 aa)
CYP97A3Protein LUTEIN DEFICIENT 5, chloroplastic; Heme-containing cytochrome P450 involved in the biosynthesis of xanthophylls. Specific for beta-ring hydroxylation of alpha- and beta-carotene. Has also a low activity toward the epsilon-rings of alpha-carotene. The beta-ring of alpha-carotene is the preferred substrate in planta. (595 aa)
HEME1Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase 1, chloroplastic; Catalyzes the decarboxylation of four acetate groups of uroporphyrinogen-III to yield coproporphyrinogen-III. (418 aa)
ISPH4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase, chloroplastic; Enzyme of the plastid non-mevalonate pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis that converts 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4- diphosphate into isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP). Is essential for chloroplast development. (466 aa)
LOS1Elongation factor 2; Catalyzes the GTP-dependent ribosomal translocation step during translation elongation. During this step, the ribosome changes from the pre-translocational (PRE) to the post-translocational (POST) state as the newly formed A-site-bound peptidyl-tRNA and P-site-bound deacylated tRNA move to the P and E sites, respectively. Catalyzes the coordinated movement of the two tRNA molecules, the mRNA and conformational changes in the ribosome (By similarity). Involved in cold responses leading to freezing tolerance via the induction of cold- responsive genes. Belongs to the [...] (843 aa)
PMKPhosphomevalonate kinase, peroxisomal. (505 aa)
ABA2Xanthoxin dehydrogenase; Involved in the biosynthesis of abscisic acid. (285 aa)
ISPF2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase, chloroplastic; Enzyme of the plastid non-mevalonate pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis that converts 4-diphosphocytidyl-2C-methyl-D-erythritol 2- phosphate into 2C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate and CMP. Also converts 4-diphosphocytidyl-2C-methyl-D-erythritol into 2C-methyl- D-erythritol 3,4-cyclophosphate and CMP. Is essential for chloroplast development; Belongs to the IspF family. (231 aa)
ZEPZeaxanthin epoxidase, chloroplastic; Zeaxanthin epoxidase that plays an important role in the xanthophyll cycle and abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis. Converts zeaxanthin into antheraxanthin and subsequently violaxanthin. Required for resistance to osmotic and drought stresses, ABA-dependent stomatal closure, seed development and dormancy, modulation of defense gene expression and disease resistance and non-photochemical quencing (NPQ). Through its role in ABA biosynthesis, regulates the expression of stress-responsive genes such as RD29A during osmotic stress and is required for normal [...] (667 aa)
MGN6.20Caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase-like protein; Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Cation-independent O-methyltransferase family. (378 aa)
SMT1Cycloartenol-C-24-methyltransferase; Catalyzes the methyl transfer from S-adenosyl-methionine to the C-24 of cycloartenol to form 24-methylene cycloartenol; Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Erg6/SMT family. (336 aa)
DXPS31-D-deoxyxylulose 5-phosphate synthase-like protein. (700 aa)
BETA-OHASE_2Beta-carotene 3-hydroxylase 2, chloroplastic; Nonheme diiron monooxygenase involved in the biosynthesis of xanthophylls. Specific for beta-ring hydroxylations of beta-carotene. Has also a low activity toward the beta- and epsilon-rings of alpha- carotene. No activity with acyclic carotenoids such as lycopene and neurosporene. Uses ferredoxin as an electron donor. Belongs to the sterol desaturase family. (303 aa)
CRTISOProlycopene isomerase, chloroplastic; Carotene cis-trans-isomerase that converts 7,9,9'-tri-cis- neurosporene to 9'-cis-neurosporene and 7,9,9',7'-tetra-cis-lycopene (also known as prolycopene) into all-trans-lycopene. Isomerization requires redox-active components, suggesting that isomerization is achieved by a reversible redox reaction acting at specific double bonds. Isomerizes adjacent cis-double bonds at C7 and C9 pairwise into the trans-configuration, but is incapable of isomerizing single cis- double bonds at C9 and C9'. Carotenoid biosynthesis is partly required to form the pro [...] (595 aa)
F3HNaringenin,2-oxoglutarate 3-dioxygenase; Catalyzes the 3-beta-hydroxylation of 2S-flavanones to 2R,3R- dihydroflavonols which are intermediates in the biosynthesis of flavonols, anthocyanidins, catechins and proanthocyanidins in plants. (358 aa)
Z-ISO15-cis-zeta-carotene isomerase, chloroplastic; Isomerase involved in the biosynthesis of carotenoids. Catalyzes the cis- to trans-conversion of the 15-cis-bond in 9,15,9'- tri-cis-zeta-carotene. (367 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Arabidopsis thaliana
NCBI taxonomy Id: 3702
Other names: A. thaliana, Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh., mouse-ear cress, thale cress, thale-cress
Server load: low (18%) [HD]
STRING is a Core Data Resource as designated by Global Biodata Coalition and ELIXIR.