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SWI2 | Switch 2; May be involved in early DNA damage response (By similarity). Probable chromatin remodeling factor. (862 aa) | ||||
SYD | Chromatin structure-remodeling complex protein SYD; Catalytic component of the chromatin structure-remodeling complex (RSC), which is involved in transcription regulation and nucleosome positioning. Controls stem cell fate via the transcription regulation of WUS in the shoot apical meristem, by modulating its promoter. LFY-dependent repressor of the meristem identity switch from vegetative to reproductive development probably by modulating chromatin state. Involved in the regulation of floral homeotic gene expression in response to environmental stimuli. Required for carpel and ovule d [...] (3574 aa) | ||||
CHR12 | Probable ATP-dependent DNA helicase CHR12; Probable chromatin-remodeling factor that is functionally redundant with CHR23 in root and shoot stem cell initiation, and root apical meristem (RAM) and shoot apical meristem (SAM) maintenance. Plays an important role in mediating the temporary plant growth arrest induced upon perception of stress. May promote seed maturation and repress initiation of germination. (1102 aa) | ||||
CHR17 | ISWI chromatin-remodeling complex ATPase CHR17; Possesses intrinsic ATP-dependent nucleosome-remodeling activity. Constitutes the catalytic subunit of several complexes capable of forming ordered nucleosome arrays on chromatin (By similarity). Involved in the formation of nucleosome distribution patterns. Required for the maintenance of the plant vegetative phase. In association with RLT1 or RLT2 may prevent the early activation of the vegetative-to-reproductive transition by regulating key genes that contribute to flower timing, such as FT, SEP1, SEP3, AGL8/FUL, SOC1 and FLC. Necessar [...] (1069 aa) | ||||
CHR4 | Protein CHROMATIN REMODELING 4; Chromatin-remodeling protein that binds DNA through histones and regulates gene transcription. May specifically recognize and bind trimethylated 'Lys-27' (H3K27me3) and non-methylated 'Lys-4' of histone H3 (By similarity). Probable chromatin remodeling factor. Belongs to the SNF2/RAD54 helicase family. (2223 aa) | ||||
AS1 | Transcription factor AS1; Transcription factor required for normal cell differentiation. Positively regulates LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES (LOB) within the shoot apex, and the class III HD-ZIP genes REV, PHB, and PHV. Interacts directly with ASYMMETRIC LEAVES 2 (LBD6/AS2) to repress the knox homeobox genes BP/KNAT1, KNAT2, and KNAT6 and the abaxial determinants ARF3/ETT, KAN2 and YAB5. May act in parallel with the RDR6-SGS3-AGO7 pathway, an endogenous RNA silencing pathway, to regulate the leaf morphogenesis. Binds directly to KNAT1, KNAT2, and KNATM chromatin, regulating leaf development. [...] (367 aa) | ||||
IAA14 | Auxin-responsive protein IAA14; Aux/IAA proteins are short-lived transcriptional factors that function as repressors of early auxin response genes at low auxin concentrations. Repression is thought to result from the interaction with auxin response factors (ARFs), proteins that bind to the auxin- responsive promoter element (AuxRE). Formation of heterodimers with ARF proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. (228 aa) | ||||
BRM | ATP-dependent helicase BRM; ATPase subunit of a multiprotein complex equivalent of the SWI/SNF complex that acts by remodeling the chromatin by catalyzing an ATP-dependent alteration in the structure of nucleosomal DNA. Represses embryonic genes in leaves and controls shoot development and flowering. Activates flower homeotic genes. The association of BRM with its target genes requires REF6. Necessary to acquire heat stress (HS) memory, by globally binding to HS memory genes. (2193 aa) | ||||
PIE1 | Protein PHOTOPERIOD-INDEPENDENT EARLY FLOWERING 1; Component of the SWR1 complex which mediates the ATP- dependent exchange of histone H2A for the H2A variant H2A.F/Z leading to transcriptional regulation of selected genes (e.g. FLC) by chromatin remodeling. Probable DNA-dependent ATPase. Not involved in the repression of FLC in gametophytes, but required for the reactivation of FLC in early embryos and for the maintenance of full activation of FLC in late embryos. Belongs to the SNF2/RAD54 helicase family. SWR1 subfamily. (2055 aa) | ||||
RGL2 | DELLA protein RGL2; Probable transcriptional regulator that acts as a repressor of the gibberellin (GA) signaling pathway. No effect of the BOI proteins on its stability. Probably acts by participating in large multiprotein complexes that repress transcription of GA-inducible genes. Upon GA application, it is degraded by the proteasome, allowing the GA signaling pathway. Acts as a major GA-response repressor of seed germination, including seed thermoinhibition. Promotes the biosynthesis of abscisic acid (ABA), especially in seed coats to maintain seed dormancy. Delays flowering and adu [...] (547 aa) | ||||
CHR11 | ISWI chromatin-remodeling complex ATPase CHR11; Possesses intrinsic ATP-dependent nucleosome-remodeling activity. Constitutes the catalytic subunit of several complexes capable of forming ordered nucleosome arrays on chromatin (By similarity). Involved in the formation of nucleosome distribution patterns. Involved in nuclear proliferation during megagametogenesis and cell expansion in the sporophyte. Required for the maintenance of the plant vegetative phase. In association with RLT1 or RLT2 may prevent the early activation of the vegetative-to-reproductive transition by regulating key [...] (1056 aa) | ||||
GID1C | Gibberellin receptor GID1C; Functions as soluble gibberellin (GA) receptor. GA is an essential hormone that regulates growth and development in plants. Binds with high affinity the biologically active gibberellin GA4, but has no affinity for the biologically inactive GAs. In response to GA, interacts with specific DELLA proteins, known as repressors of GA- induced growth, and targets them for degradation via proteasome. Seems to be required for GA signaling that controls root growth, seed germination and stem elongation. Partially redundant with GID1A and GID1B; Belongs to the 'GDXG' l [...] (344 aa) | ||||
RGL1 | DELLA protein RGL1; Probable transcriptional regulator that acts as a repressor of the gibberellin (GA) signaling pathway. No effect of the BOI proteins on its stability. Probably acts by participating in large multiprotein complexes that repress transcription of GA-inducible genes. Has overlapping but distinct roles in GA signaling compared to RGA and GAI. Regulates the floral development. May also participate in seed germination and in ovule and anther development. Its activity is probably regulated by other phytohormones such as auxin and ethylene. (511 aa) | ||||
GT-1 | Trihelix transcription factor GT-1; Probable transcription factor that binds specifically to the core DNA sequence 5'-GGTTAA-3'. May act as a molecular switch in response to light signals. (406 aa) | ||||
RGL3 | DELLA protein RGL3; Probable transcriptional regulator that acts as a repressor of the gibberellin (GA) signaling pathway. No effect of the BOI proteins on its stability. Probably acts by participating in large multiprotein complexes that repress transcription of GA-inducible genes. Its activity may be regulated by phytohormones such as auxin and ethylene (By similarity); Belongs to the GRAS family. DELLA subfamily. (523 aa) | ||||
GAI | DELLA protein GAI; Transcriptional regulator that acts as a repressor of the gibberellin (GA) signaling pathway. Transcription coactivator of the zinc finger transcription factors GAF1/IDD2 and ENY/IDD1 in regulation of gibberellin homeostasis and signaling. No effect of the BOI proteins on its stability. Probably acts by participating in large multiprotein complexes that repress transcription of GA-inducible genes. Positively regulates XERICO expression. In contrast to RGA, it is less sensitive to GA. Its activity is probably regulated by other phytohormones such as auxin and ethylene [...] (533 aa) | ||||
SNE | F-box protein SNE; Essential component of a SCF-type E3 ligase complex that positively regulates the gibberellin signaling pathway. Upon gibberellin treatment, such complex probably mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of DELLA proteins (GAI, RGA and RGL2), some repressors of the gibberellin pathway, leading to activate the pathway. Can partially complement the absence of GID2/SLY1. (157 aa) | ||||
GID1B | Gibberellin receptor GID1B; Functions as soluble gibberellin (GA) receptor. GA is an essential hormone that regulates growth and development in plants. Binds with high affinity the biologically active gibberellin GA4, but has no affinity for the biologically inactive GAs. In response to GA, interacts with specific DELLA proteins, known as repressors of GA- induced growth, and targets them for degradation via proteasome. Seems to be required for GA signaling that controls root growth, seed germination and flower development. May function as a dominant GA receptor at low GA concentration [...] (358 aa) | ||||
ABCF4 | ABC transporter F family member 4; Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. ABCF family. EF3 (TC 3.A.1.121) subfamily. (723 aa) | ||||
GID1A | Gibberellin receptor GID1A; Functions as soluble gibberellin (GA) receptor. GA is an essential hormone that regulates growth and development in plants. Binds with high affinity the biologically active gibberellin GA4, but has no affinity for the biologically inactive GAs. In response to GA, interacts with specific DELLA proteins, known as repressors of GA- induced growth, and targets them for degradation via proteasome. Seems to be required for GA signaling that controls root growth, seed germination, stem elongation and flower development. Partially redundant with GID1B and GID1C; Bel [...] (345 aa) | ||||
HTH | Protein HOTHEAD; Probable FAD-dependent enzyme. Involved in regulating post- genital organ fusion. Required to limit cellular interactions between contacting epidermal cells during floral development. (594 aa) | ||||
SLY1 | SEC1 family transport protein SLY1; May be involved in the early secretory pathway. (627 aa) | ||||
RGA | DELLA protein RGA; Probable transcriptional regulator that acts as a repressor of the gibberellin (GA) signaling pathway. Probably acts by participating in large multiprotein complexes that repress transcription of GA-inducible genes. Positively regulates XERICO expression in seeds. Upon GA application, it is degraded by the proteasome, allowing the GA signaling pathway. Compared to other DELLA proteins, it is the most sensitive to GA application. No effect of the BOI proteins on its stability. Its activity is probably regulated by other phytohormones such as auxin and ethylene, attenu [...] (587 aa) | ||||
GID2 | F-box protein GID2; Essential component of the SCF-type E3 ligase complex, SCF(GID2), a complex that positively regulates the gibberellin signaling pathway. Upon gibberellin treatment, the SCF(GID2) complex mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of DELLA proteins (GAI, RGA and RGL2), some repressors of the gibberellin pathway, leading to activate the pathway. (151 aa) | ||||
CHR8 | Protein CHROMATIN REMODELING 8; Essential factor involved in transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TCR) which allows RNA polymerase II-blocking lesions to be rapidly removed from the transcribed strand of active genes. Upon DNA-binding, it locally modifies DNA conformation by wrapping the DNA around itself, thereby modifying the interface between stalled RNA polymerase II and DNA. It is required for transcription-coupled repair complex formation; Belongs to the SNF2/RAD54 helicase family. (1187 aa) |