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TOPP1 | Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1 isozyme 1; Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase that possesses phosphatase activity toward para-nitrophenyl phosphate (pNPP) in vitro. Acts as negative regulator of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling. In vitro, can dephosphorylate and inhibit the kinase activity of SRK2E/SNRK2.6, an activator of ABA signaling. (318 aa) | ||||
TMK1 | Receptor protein kinase TMK1; Transmembrane kinase receptor. Phosphorylates only serine and threonine residues. Involved in auxin signal transduction and cell expansion and proliferation regulation. Forms with ABP1 a cell surface auxin perception complex that activates ROP signaling pathways. Required for auxin promotion of pavement cell interdigitation. Auxin promotes the formation of the ABP1-TMK1 protein complex. (942 aa) | ||||
VAMP722 | Vesicle-associated membrane protein 722; Involved in the targeting and/or fusion of transport vesicles to their target membrane; Belongs to the synaptobrevin family. (221 aa) | ||||
NPF6.3 | Protein NRT1/ PTR FAMILY 6.3; Dual affinity nitrate transporter. Involved in proton- dependent nitrate uptake and in the regulation of the nitrate transporter NRT2.1. Acts also as a nitrate sensor that trigger a specific signaling pathway stimulating lateral root growth and seed germination. The uptake activity is not required for sensor function. Displays an auxin transport facilitation inhibited by high nitrate concentration. Required to prevent auxin accumulation in preemerged lateral root primordia and young lateral roots when external nitrate concentration is low or null. May be i [...] (590 aa) | ||||
D6PKL3 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase D6PKL3; Protein kinase that regulates the auxin transport activity of PIN auxin efflux facilitators by direct phosphorylation. D6PK-mediated PIN phosphorylation promotes auxin transport in the hypocotyl and this is a prerequisite for PHOT1-dependent hypocotyl bending. (578 aa) | ||||
CHC2 | Clathrin heavy chain 2; Clathrin is the major protein of the polyhedral coat of coated pits and vesicles (By similarity). Mediates endocytosis and is required for a correct polar distribution of PIN auxin transporters. (1703 aa) | ||||
CHC1 | Clathrin heavy chain 1; Clathrin is the major protein of the polyhedral coat of coated pits and vesicles (By similarity). Mediates endocytosis and is required for a correct polar distribution of PIN auxin transporters. Belongs to the clathrin heavy chain family. (1705 aa) | ||||
BRX | Protein BREVIS RADIX; Acts as a regulator of cell proliferation and elongation in the root and shoot. Regulates roots architecture and primary root protophloem differentiation. Probable transcription regulator. Regulated by the auxin response factor ARF5. Polarly localized in vascular cells and subject to endocytic recycling. Required for CPD expression and for correct nuclear auxin response. Mediates cross-talk between the auxin and brassinosteroid pathways. BRX is a target for auxin-induced, proteasome-mediated degradation. (344 aa) | ||||
PLDALPHA1 | Phospholipase D alpha 1; Hydrolyzes glycerol-phospholipids at the terminal phosphodiesteric bond to generate phosphatidic acids (PA). Plays an important role in various cellular processes, including phytohormone action and response to stress, characterized by acidification of the cell. Involved in wound induction of jasmonic acid. May be involved in membrane lipid remodeling. Probably involved in freezing tolerance by modulating the cold-responsive genes and accumulation of osmolytes. Can use phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) as subst [...] (810 aa) | ||||
ARAC3 | Rac-like GTP-binding protein ARAC3; Inactive GDP-bound Rho GTPases reside in the cytosol, are found in a complex with Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitors (Rho GDIs), and are released from the GDI protein in order to translocate to membranes upon activation. May be involved in cell polarity control during the actin-dependent tip growth of root hairs. SPK1- dependent activation is required for auxin-mediated inhibition of PIN2 internalization during gravitropic responses. (198 aa) | ||||
SD17 | Receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase SD1-7; Involved in the regulation of cellular expansion and differentiation. Mediates subcellular relocalization of PUB9 from nucleus to plasma membrane in a protein-phosphorylation-dependent manner. May be involved in the abscisic acid-mediated signaling pathway, at least during germination. (843 aa) | ||||
D6PKL2 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase D6PKL2; Protein kinase that regulates the auxin transport activity of PIN auxin efflux facilitators by direct phosphorylation. D6PK-mediated PIN phosphorylation promotes auxin transport in the hypocotyl and this is a prerequisite for PHOT1-dependent hypocotyl bending. (586 aa) | ||||
PIP5K1 | Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase 1; Catalyzes the synthesis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5- bisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate. (752 aa) | ||||
AGD3 | ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein AGD3; GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for ADP ribosylation factor (ARF). Involved in the spatial control of provascular differentiation. Required for the formation of the normal pattern of continuous secondary veins. Involved in auxin signaling but not in polar auxin transport or in auxin responses. Required for PIN1 internalization in roots. (827 aa) | ||||
PID2 | Protein kinase PINOID 2; Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in the regulation of auxin signaling. Plays a minor role in the regulation of cellular auxin efflux and cotyledon organogenesis. (525 aa) | ||||
RGTB1 | Geranylgeranyl transferase type-2 subunit beta 1; Catalyzes the transfer of a geranylgeranyl moiety from geranylgeranyl diphosphate to both cysteines of Rab proteins with the C-terminal sequence -CCXX, CXXX, -XCCX and -XCXC, such as RABA1A, RABA2A, RABF2A and RABG2. Involved in the geranylgeranylation of RABA2A. In vitro, can prenylate PGGTI targets with the C-terminal sequence Cys-aliphatic- aliphatic-X (CaaX) with leucine in the terminal position. Substrates with the C-terminal sequence -CSIL such as ARAC11/ROP1 or GG2/AGG2 are prenylated independently of REP and when the beta subuni [...] (321 aa) | ||||
NPY1 | BTB/POZ domain-containing protein NPY1; May act as a substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase complex (CUL3-RBX1-BTB) which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (By similarity). Coregulates with PID the auxin-mediated plant organogenesis. Regulates cotyledon development through control of PIN1 polarity. May play an essential role in root gravitropic responses. (571 aa) | ||||
PIP5K2 | Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase 2; Possesses phosphatidylinositol kinase activity in vitro. (754 aa) | ||||
Dl4805W | Dynamin. (294 aa) | ||||
CPK29 | Calcium-dependent protein kinase 29; May play a role in signal transduction pathways that involve calcium as a second messenger. (534 aa) | ||||
ENP1 | Bystin; Essential protein required during embryogenesis and pollen development. Required for processing of 20S pre-rRNA precursor and biogenesis of 40S ribosomal subunits. (444 aa) | ||||
CLASP | CLIP-associated protein; Cortical microtubule plus-end tracking protein required for cell morphogenesis and cell division. Promotes the stabilization of dynamic microtubules during mitosis. Regulates microtubule-cortex attachment, thereby contributing to self-organization of cortical microtubules and subsequent cell shape. Belongs to the CLASP family. (1439 aa) | ||||
PIN4 | Auxin efflux carrier component 4; Acts as a component of the auxin efflux carrier. Plays a role in generating a sink for auxin into columella cells. Maintains the endogenous auxin gradient, which is essential for correct root patterning. Involved in EXO70A3-regulated gravitropic responses in columella cells and in root system architecture (RSA). (616 aa) | ||||
VAB | VAN3-binding protein. (498 aa) | ||||
SEC8 | Exocyst complex component SEC8; Component of the exocyst complex involved in the docking of exocytic vesicles with fusion sites on the plasma membrane during regulated or polarized secretion. Involved in polarized cell growth and organ morphogenesis. During cytokinesis, involved in secretory processes during cell plate initiation, cell plate maturation and formation of new primary cell wall. (1053 aa) | ||||
PIN7 | Auxin efflux carrier component 7; Acts as a component of the auxin efflux carrier. Mediates the initial auxin gradient which contributes to the establishment of the apical-basal axis in early embryogenesis. (619 aa) | ||||
SEC6 | Exocyst complex component SEC6; Component of the exocyst complex involved in the docking of exocytic vesicles with fusion sites on the plasma membrane during regulated or polarized secretion. Involved in polarized cell growth and organ morphogenesis. During cytokinesis, involved in cell plate initiation, cell plate maturation and formation of new primary cell wall; Belongs to the SEC6 family. (752 aa) | ||||
WAT1 | Protein WALLS ARE THIN 1; Required for secondary wall formation in fibers, especially in short days conditions. Promotes indole metabolism and transport (e.g. tryptophan, neoglucobrassicin and auxin (indole-3-acetic acid)). May prevent salicylic-acid (SA) accumulation. Belongs to the drug/metabolite transporter (DMT) superfamily. Plant drug/metabolite exporter (P-DME) (TC 2.A.7.4) family. (389 aa) | ||||
AUX1 | Auxin transporter protein 1; Carrier protein involved in proton-driven auxin influx. Mediates the formation of auxin gradient from developing leaves (site of auxin biosynthesis) to tips by contributing to the loading of auxin in vascular tissues and facilitating acropetal (base to tip) auxin transport within inner tissues of the root apex, and basipetal (tip to base) auxin transport within outer tissues of the root apex. Unloads auxin from the mature phloem to deliver the hormone to the root meristem via the protophloem cell files. Coordinated subcellular localization of AUX1 is regula [...] (485 aa) | ||||
PLDDELTA | Phospholipase D delta; Hydrolyzes glycerol-phospholipids at the terminal phosphodiesteric bond to generate phosphatidic acids (PA). May be involved in PA accumulation in the dehydration stress response and in the transduction of hormonal and environmental signals to the microtubules cytoskeleton. Prefers phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine as substrate. Involved in H(2)O(2) and abscisic acid (ABA)-induced stomatal closure. Involved in nitric oxide (NO) signaling during stomatal closure. Plays a positive role in ABA-promoted senescence. Involved in basal defense and nonhost [...] (868 aa) | ||||
WAG1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase WAG1; Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in the regulation of auxin signaling. Acts as a positive regulator of cellular auxin efflux and regulates organ development by enhancing PIN-mediated polar auxin transport. Phosphorylates conserved serine residues in the PIN auxin efflux carriers. Phosphorylation of PIN proteins is required and sufficient for apical-basal PIN polarity that enables directional intercellular auxin fluxes, which mediate differential growth, tissue patterning and organogenesis. Acts as suppressors of root waving. (476 aa) | ||||
PIN5 | Auxin efflux carrier component 5; Auxin transporter regulating intracellular auxin homeostasis and metabolism. Mediates the auxin transport from the cytosol into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. May also act as an auxin efflux carrier when located to the cell membrane. PIN5 and PIN8 may have an antagonistic/compensatory activity. Involved in unfolded protein response (UPR) activation. Involved in the control of vein patterning. Promotes vein formation. PIN5, PIN6, and PIN8 control vein network geometry, but they are expressed in mutually exclusive domains of leaf vascular cells. (351 aa) | ||||
SNX1 | Sorting nexin 1; Plays a role in vesicular protein sorting. Acts at the crossroads between the secretory and endocytic pathways. Is involved in the endosome to vacuole protein transport via its interaction with the BLOS1/2 proteins and, as component of the membrane-associated retromer complex, is also involved in endosome-to-Golgi retrograde transport. Required for the auxin-carrier protein PIN2 sorting to the lytic vacuolar pathway and the trafficking of several plasma membrane proteins. Also involved in the efficient sorting of seed storage protein globulin 12S. (402 aa) | ||||
D6PK | Serine/threonine-protein kinase D6PK; Protein kinase that regulates the auxin transport activity of PIN auxin efflux facilitators by direct phosphorylation. D6PK-mediated PIN phosphorylation promotes auxin transport in the hypocotyl and this is a prerequisite for PHOT1-dependent hypocotyl bending. Phosphorylates PIN1, PIN2, PIN3, PIN4 and PIN7 in vitro and PIN1 in vivo. (498 aa) | ||||
RLK | Leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinase. (751 aa) | ||||
GNL1 | ARF guanine-nucleotide exchange factor GNL1; Activates the ARF proteins by exchanging bound GDP for free GTP. Plays a role in vesicular protein sorting. Acts as the major regulator of retrograde Golgi to endoplasmic reticulum trafficking but is also involved in the endocytosis process. Could function redundantly with GNOM. Regulates vesicle trafficking required for the coordinated polar localization of auxin efflux carriers which in turn determines the direction of auxin flow. Mediates the endocytosis of PIN2 from plasma membrane to endosomal compartments. Required for maintenance of e [...] (1443 aa) | ||||
VAMP714 | Vesicle-associated membrane protein 714; Involved in the targeting and/or fusion of transport vesicles to their target membrane. (221 aa) | ||||
PIN8 | Auxin efflux carrier component 8; Component of the intracellular auxin-transport pathway in the male gametophyte. Involved in the regulation of auxin homeostasis in pollen. Involved in the efflux of auxin from the endoplasmic reticulum into the cytoplasm. PIN5 and PIN8 may have an antagonistic/compensatory activity. Involved in the control of vein patterning. Redundantly with PIN6, inhibits the vein-formation- promoting functions of PIN5. PIN5, PIN6, and PIN8 control vein network geometry, but they are expressed in mutually exclusive domains of leaf vascular cells. (367 aa) | ||||
BIG3 | Brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein 3; Activates the ARF proteins by exchanging bound GDP for free GTP. Plays a role in vesicular protein sorting (By similarity). Involved both in the nuclear division phase and in the nuclear fusion phase. (1750 aa) | ||||
MKK7 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7; May function as a negative regulator of polar auxin transport. Positively regulates plant basal and systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Activates MPK3 and MPK6 in vitro. (307 aa) | ||||
PIN2 | Auxin efflux carrier component 2; Acts as a component of the auxin efflux carrier. Seems to be involved in the root-specific auxin transport, and mediates the root gravitropism. Its particular localization suggest a role in the translocation of auxin towards the elongation zone. (647 aa) | ||||
WAG2 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase WAG2; Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in the regulation of auxin signaling. Acts as a positive regulator of cellular auxin efflux and regulates organ development by enhancing PIN-mediated polar auxin transport. Phosphorylates conserved serine residues in the PIN auxin efflux carriers. Phosphorylation of PIN proteins is required and sufficient for apical-basal PIN polarity that enables directional intercellular auxin fluxes, which mediate differential growth, tissue patterning and organogenesis. Acts as suppressors of root waving. (480 aa) | ||||
BIG2 | Brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein 2; Activates the ARF proteins by exchanging bound GDP for free GTP. Plays a role in vesicular protein sorting (By similarity). (1793 aa) | ||||
CPI1 | Cycloeucalenol cycloisomerase; Converts pentacyclic cyclopropyl sterols to tetracyclic sterols. (280 aa) | ||||
PLPZETA2 | Phospholipase D zeta 2; Hydrolyzes glycerol-phospholipids at the terminal phosphodiesteric bond to generate phosphatidic acids (PA). Phosphatidylcholine-selective. Regulates vesicle trafficking and auxin responses. Required for the normal cycling of PIN-2 containing vesicles. Contributes to the supply of inorganic phosphorus for cell metabolism and diacylglycerol moieties for galactolipid synthesis in phosphorus- starved roots. Involved in root elongation during phosphate limitation. Belongs to the phospholipase D family. PXPH-PLD subfamily. (1046 aa) | ||||
PIN3 | Auxin efflux carrier component 3; Acts as a component of the auxin efflux carrier. Seems to be involved in the lateral auxin transport system and mediates tropic growth. Coordinated polar localization of PIN3 is directly regulated by the vesicle trafficking process. (640 aa) | ||||
PIN6 | Auxin efflux carrier component 6; Component of the intracellular auxin-transport pathway. Regulates auxin transport and auxin homeostasis. Directly involved in the regulation of nectar production. Involved in unfolded protein response (UPR) activation. Involved in the control of vein patterning. Redundantly with PIN8, inhibits the vein-formation-promoting functions of PIN5. PIN5, PIN6, and PIN8 control vein network geometry, but they are expressed in mutually exclusive domains of leaf vascular cells. Belongs to the auxin efflux carrier (TC 2.A.69.1) family. (570 aa) | ||||
VPS29 | Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 29; Plays a role in vesicular protein sorting. Component of the membrane-associated retromer complex which is essential in endosome-to- Golgi retrograde transport. Required for the auxin-carrier protein PIN2 sorting to the lytic vacuolar pathway and the PIN1 recycling to the plasma membrane. Also involved in the efficient sorting of seed storage proteins globulin 12S and albumin 2S. The VPS29-VPS26-VPS35 subcomplex may be involved in recycling of specific cargos from endosome to the plasma membrane. (190 aa) | ||||
D6PKL1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase D6PKL1; Protein kinase that regulates the auxin transport activity of PIN auxin efflux facilitators by direct phosphorylation. D6PK-mediated PIN phosphorylation promotes auxin transport in the hypocotyl and this is a prerequisite for PHOT1-dependent hypocotyl bending. (506 aa) | ||||
FYPP1 | Phytochrome-associated serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 1; Dephosphorylates phosphorylated phytochromes, with a preference toward Pfr forms. Plays a major role in the photoperiodic control of flowering time in long days by modulating phytochrome signals in flowering time control (By similarity). (303 aa) | ||||
PDPK1 | 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1; May couple lipid signals to the activation-loop phosphorylation of several protein kinases of the so-called AGC kinase family. Interacts via its pleckstrin homology domain with phosphatidic acid, PtdIns3P and PtdIns(3,4)P2 and to a lesser extent with PtdIns(4,5)P2 and PtdIns4P. May play a general role in signaling processes controlling the pathogen/stress response, polar auxin transport and development. Transphosphorylates the AGC protein kinases OXI1/AGC2-1, PK1/S6K1, PK19/S6K2 and PID resulting in their activation. (491 aa) | ||||
ALA3 | Phospholipid-transporting ATPase 3; Involved in transport of phospholipids. Contributes to transmembrane flipping of lipids. Required for secretory processes during plant development. Requires an interaction with an ALIS protein for activity. Has activity with phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, but not with lysolipid. Modifies endomembranes in multiple cell types, enabling structural changes, or signaling functions that are critical for normal development and adaptation to varied growth environments. (1213 aa) | ||||
VAMP721 | Vesicle-associated membrane protein 721; Involved in the targeting and/or fusion of transport vesicles to their target membrane; Belongs to the synaptobrevin family. (219 aa) | ||||
RIC1 | CRIB domain-containing protein RIC1; Functions as downstream effector of Rho-related GTP binding proteins of the 'Rho of Plants' (ROPs) family. Participates in the propagation of ROP GTPase signals in specific cellular responses. Required for cortical microtubule organization. Promotes microtubule bundling and formation of well-ordered microtubule arrays in the neck region of pavement cells. This restricts cell lateral expansion to generate the narrow neck morphology of pavement cells. Its function is inhibited when it interacts with activated ARAC4/ROP2. Represses ARAC4/ROP2 activatio [...] (224 aa) | ||||
BIG5 | Brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein 5; Activates the ARF proteins by exchanging bound GDP for free GTP. Plays a role in vesicular protein sorting. Acts as the major regulator of early endosomal vesicle trafficking but is also involved in the endocytosis process. Target of hopM1, a conserved Pseudomonas syringae virulence protein that directs the protein to its own proteasome-mediated degradation. Plays a broad role in PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI), effector-triggered immunity (ETI), and salicylic acid (SA)-regulated immunity. (1739 aa) | ||||
CLC2 | Clathrin light chain 2; Clathrin is the major protein of the polyhedral coat of coated pits and vesicles. (258 aa) |