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PPC3 PPC3 GLYR2 GLYR2 SPS4 SPS4 CLPX2 CLPX2 CRT1 CRT1 CRT3 CRT3 GPX2 GPX2 GPX3 GPX3 PPDK PPDK GPX6 GPX6 PSBY PSBY MKK4 MKK4 FD2 FD2 GAPC1 GAPC1 PSBR PSBR HEMA1 HEMA1 PSAN PSAN HEMA2 HEMA2 GPX1 GPX1 petB petB HXK2 HXK2 DVR DVR CRT2 CRT2 FTSH1 FTSH1 PSBW PSBW HXK1 HXK1 CP29A CP29A ATHXK4 ATHXK4 PPC2 PPC2 CLPX3 CLPX3 PPC4 PPC4 HSCB HSCB GPX4 GPX4 GPX8 GPX8 DHAR3 DHAR3 SPS3-2 SPS3-2 SPP3A SPP3A SPP3B SPP3B SPS1-2 SPS1-2 AHK3 AHK3 SPP1 SPP1 BZIP8 BZIP8 DHAR2 DHAR2 DHAR1 DHAR1 GAPC2 GAPC2 SPS2-2 SPS2-2 MYB64 MYB64 HXK3 HXK3 HSP70-4 HSP70-4 LHCB6 LHCB6 F18O14.31 F18O14.31 HKL1 HKL1 ERF106 ERF106 GPX5 GPX5 PPC1 PPC1 GBSS1 GBSS1 CAO-2 CAO-2 PSAG PSAG SPP2 SPP2 HEMA3 HEMA3 AtMYB103 AtMYB103 PSAL PSAL PSAK PSAK GPX7 GPX7 HKL3 HKL3 PSBS PSBS PSBQ1 PSBQ1 MYB80 MYB80 grpE grpE A0A1P8ARU2 A0A1P8ARU2
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splice isoforms or post-translational modifications are collapsed, i.e. each node represents all the proteins produced by a single, protein-coding gene locus.
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query proteins and first shell of interactors
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second shell of interactors
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proteins of unknown 3D structure
filled nodes:
a 3D structure is known or predicted
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Edges represent protein-protein associations
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Known Interactions
from curated databases
experimentally determined
Predicted Interactions
gene neighborhood
gene fusions
gene co-occurrence
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textmining
co-expression
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PPC3Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase 3; Through the carboxylation of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) it forms oxaloacetate, a four-carbon dicarboxylic acid source for the tricarboxylic acid cycle. (968 aa)
GLYR2Glyoxylate/succinic semialdehyde reductase 2, chloroplastic; Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of glyoxylate to glycolate as well as succinic semialdehyde (SSA) to gamma- hydroxybutyrate in vitro. May function in redox homeostasis and play a role in oxidative stress tolerance by detoxifying glyoxylate and SSA generated in glycolate metabolism and GABA metabolism, respectively. Belongs to the HIBADH-related family. NP60 subfamily. (358 aa)
SPS4Probable sucrose-phosphate synthase 4; Plays a role in photosynthetic sucrose synthesis by catalyzing the rate-limiting step of sucrose biosynthesis from UDP- glucose and fructose- 6-phosphate. Involved in the regulation of carbon partitioning in the leaves of plants. May regulate the synthesis of sucrose and therefore play a major role as a limiting factor in the export of photoassimilates out of the leaf. Plays a role for sucrose availability that is essential for plant growth and fiber elongation; Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 1 family. (1050 aa)
CLPX2CLP protease regulatory subunit CLPX2, mitochondrial; ATP-dependent specificity component of the mitochondrial Clp protease. It directs the protease to specific substrates. Can perform chaperone functions in the absence of ClpP. (608 aa)
CRT1Calreticulin-1; Molecular calcium-binding chaperone promoting folding, oligomeric assembly and quality control in the ER via the calreticulin/calnexin cycle. This lectin may interact transiently with almost all of the monoglucosylated glycoproteins that are synthesized in the ER (By similarity). (425 aa)
CRT3Calreticulin-3; Molecular calcium-binding chaperone promoting folding, oligomeric assembly and quality control in the ER via the calreticulin/calnexin cycle. This lectin may interact transiently with almost all of the monoglucosylated glycoproteins that are synthesized in the ER. Required for elongation factor Tu receptor (EFR) accumulation and for EFR, but not flagellin-sensing 2 (FLS2) signaling. (424 aa)
GPX2Probable glutathione peroxidase 2; May constitute a glutathione peroxidase-like protective system against oxidative stresses; Belongs to the glutathione peroxidase family. (169 aa)
GPX3Probable glutathione peroxidase 3, mitochondrial; May constitute a glutathione peroxidase-like protective system against oxidative stresses. Involved positively in abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway that regulates numerous ABA responses, such as stomatal closure, seed germination and inhibition of vegetative growth. Oxidizes and represses target proteins (e.g. the phosphatase activity of ABI1 and ABI2) when oxidized by H(2)O(2), probably after ABA signaling. Modulates the calcium channel activity in guard cells in response to ABA or H(2)O(2). Confers tolerance to drought stress, by [...] (206 aa)
PPDKPyruvate, phosphate dikinase 1, chloroplastic; Formation of phosphoenolpyruvate. May be involved in regulating the flux of carbon into starch and fatty acids of seeds and in the remobilization of nitrogen reserves in senescing leaves. (963 aa)
GPX6Probable phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase 6, mitochondrial; Protects cells and enzymes from oxidative damage, by catalyzing the reduction of hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxides and organic hydroperoxide, by glutathione. (232 aa)
PSBYPhotosystem II core complex proteins psbY, chloroplastic; PSBY-1 and -2 are manganese-binding polypeptides with L- arginine metabolizing enzyme activity. They are a component of the core of photosystem II. (189 aa)
MKK4Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4; Involved in the second phase of hydrogen peroxide generation during hypersensitive response-like cell death. Involved in the innate immune MAP kinase signaling cascade (MEKK1, MKK4/MKK5 and MPK3/MPK6) downstream of bacterial flagellin receptor FLS2. Activates by phosphorylation the downstream MPK3 and MPK6. YDA-MKK4/MKK5-MPK3/MPK6 module regulates stomatal cell fate before the guard mother cell (GMC) is specified. This MAPK cascade also functions downstream of the ER receptor in regulating coordinated local cell proliferation, which shapes the [...] (366 aa)
FD2Ferredoxin-2, chloroplastic; Ferredoxins are iron-sulfur proteins that transfer electrons in a wide variety of metabolic reactions; Belongs to the 2Fe2S plant-type ferredoxin family. (148 aa)
GAPC1Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase GAPC1, cytosolic; Key enzyme in glycolysis that catalyzes the first step of the pathway by converting D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) into 3- phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate. Essential for the maintenance of cellular ATP levels and carbohydrate metabolism. Required for full fertility. Involved in response to oxidative stress by mediating plant responses to abscisic acid (ABA) and water deficits through the activation of PLDDELTA and production of phosphatidic acid (PA), a multifunctional stress signaling lipid in plants. Associates with FBA6 to [...] (338 aa)
PSBRPhotosystem II 10 kDa polypeptide, chloroplastic; Associated with the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II. (140 aa)
HEMA1Glutamyl-tRNA reductase 1, chloroplastic; Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of glutamyl-tRNA(Glu) to glutamate 1-semialdehyde (GSA). Probably involved in the tetrapyrrole synthesis required for the chlorophyll biosynthesis. (543 aa)
PSANPhotosystem I reaction center subunit N, chloroplastic; May function in mediating the binding of the antenna complexes to the PSI reaction center and core antenna. Plays an important role in docking plastocyanin to the PSI complex. Does not bind pigments. (171 aa)
HEMA2Glutamyl-tRNA reductase 2, chloroplastic; Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of glutamyl-tRNA(Glu) to glutamate 1-semialdehyde (GSA). Probably involved in wound-induced supply of heme to defensive hemoproteins outside plastids. (530 aa)
GPX1Phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase 1, chloroplastic; Protects cells and enzymes from oxidative damage, by catalyzing the reduction of hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxides and organic hydroperoxide, by glutathione. (236 aa)
petBCytochrome b6; Component of the cytochrome b6-f complex, which mediates electron transfer between photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI), cyclic electron flow around PSI, and state transitions. (215 aa)
HXK2Hexokinase-2; Fructose and glucose phosphorylating enzyme. May be involved in the phosphorylation of glucose during the export from mitochondrion to cytosol. Acts as sugar sensor which may regulate sugar-dependent gene repression or activation. Mediates the effects of sugar on plant growth and development independently of its catalytic activity or the sugar metabolism. May regulate the execution of program cell death in plant cells ; Belongs to the hexokinase family. (502 aa)
DVRDivinyl chlorophyllide a 8-vinyl-reductase, chloroplastic; Catalyzes the conversion of divinyl chlorophyllide to monovinyl chlorophyllide. Reduces the 8-vinyl group of the tetrapyrrole to an ethyl group using NADPH as the reductant. The best substrate is (3,8-divinyl)-chlorophyllide a (DV-Chlidea). Very low activity with (3,8-divinyl)-protochlorophyllide a (DV-Pchlidea) and (3,8-divinyl)- magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester (DV-MPE). No activity with (3,8-divinyl)-chlorophyllide b (DV-Chlideb), (3,8-divinyl)-magnesium- protoporphyrin IX (DV-Mg-Proto) and either (3,8-divinyl)-c [...] (417 aa)
CRT2Calreticulin-2; Molecular calcium-binding chaperone promoting folding, oligomeric assembly and quality control in the ER via the calreticulin/calnexin cycle. This lectin may interact transiently with almost all of the monoglucosylated glycoproteins that are synthesized in the ER (By similarity). (424 aa)
FTSH1ATP-dependent zinc metalloprotease FTSH 1, chloroplastic; Part of a complex that function as an ATP-dependent zinc metallopeptidase. Involved in the thylakoid formation and in the removal of damaged D1 in the photosystem II, preventing cell death under high-intensity light conditions. (716 aa)
PSBWPhotosystem II reaction center W protein, chloroplastic; Stabilizes dimeric photosystem II (PSII). In its absence no dimeric PSII accumulates and there is a reduction of monomeric PSII. Belongs to the psbW family. (133 aa)
HXK1Hexokinase-1; Fructose and glucose phosphorylating enzyme. May be involved in the phosphorylation of glucose during the export from mitochondrion to cytosol. Acts as sugar sensor which may regulate sugar-dependent gene repression or activation. Mediates the effects of sugar on plant growth and development independently of its catalytic activity or the sugar metabolism. May regulate the execution of program cell death in plant cells. Promotes roots and leaves growth. Belongs to the hexokinase family. (496 aa)
CP29A29 kDa ribonucleoprotein, chloroplastic; Stabilizes specific chloroplast mRNAs. Required for normal chloroplast development under cold stress conditions by stabilizing transcripts of numerous mRNAs under these conditions. (342 aa)
ATHXK4Hexokinase-4; Fructose and glucose phosphorylating enzyme (By similarity). May be involved in the phosphorylation of glucose during the export from mitochondrion to cytosol (By similarity). (502 aa)
PPC2Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase 2; Through the carboxylation of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) it forms oxaloacetate, a four-carbon dicarboxylic acid source for the tricarboxylic acid cycle. (963 aa)
CLPX3CLP protease regulatory subunit CLPX3, mitochondrial; ATP-dependent specificity component of the mitochondrial Clp protease. It directs the protease to specific substrates. Can perform chaperone functions in the absence of ClpP. (656 aa)
PPC4Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase 4; Through the carboxylation of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) it forms oxaloacetate, a four-carbon dicarboxylic acid source for the tricarboxylic acid cycle; Belongs to the PEPCase type 1 family. (1032 aa)
HSCBIron-sulfur cluster co-chaperone protein HscB homolog; Co-chaperone required for the assembly of iron-sulfur [Fe-S] clusters in both mitochondria and cytosol. Required for the activity of iron-sulfur proteins such as aconitase and succinate dehydrogenase. Involved in iron homeostasis and may take part in the control of iron translocation from roots to shoots ; Belongs to the HscB family. (252 aa)
GPX4Probable glutathione peroxidase 4; May constitute a glutathione peroxidase-like protective system against oxidative stresses; Belongs to the glutathione peroxidase family. (170 aa)
GPX8Probable glutathione peroxidase 8; May constitute a glutathione peroxidase-like protective system against oxidative stresses; Belongs to the glutathione peroxidase family. (167 aa)
DHAR3Glutathione S-transferase DHAR3, chloroplastic; Displays a dual function. As a soluble protein, exhibits glutathione-dependent thiol transferase and dehydroascorbate (DHA) reductase activities. Key component of the ascorbate recycling system. Involved in the redox homeostasis, especially in scavenging of ROS under oxidative stresses (By similarity). (258 aa)
SPS3-2Probable sucrose-phosphate synthase 3; Plays a role in photosynthetic sucrose synthesis by catalyzing the rate-limiting step of sucrose biosynthesis from UDP- glucose and fructose- 6-phosphate. Involved in the regulation of carbon partitioning in the leaves of plants. May regulate the synthesis of sucrose and therefore play a major role as a limiting factor in the export of photoassimilates out of the leaf. Plays a role for sucrose availability that is essential for plant growth and fiber elongation. (1062 aa)
SPP3AProbable sucrose-phosphatase 3a; Catalyzes the final step of sucrose synthesis. (425 aa)
SPP3BProbable sucrose-phosphatase 3b; Catalyzes the final step of sucrose synthesis; Belongs to the sucrose phosphatase family. (423 aa)
SPS1-2Sucrose-phosphate synthase 1; Plays a major role in photosynthetic sucrose synthesis by catalyzing the rate-limiting step of sucrose biosynthesis from UDP- glucose and fructose- 6-phosphate. Involved in the regulation of carbon partitioning in the leaves of plants. May regulate the synthesis of sucrose and therefore play a major role as a limiting factor in the export of photoassimilates out of the leaf. Plays a role for sucrose availability that is essential for plant growth and fiber elongation. Required for nectar secretion. (1043 aa)
AHK3Histidine kinase 3; Cytokinins (CK) receptor related to bacterial two-component regulators. Functions as a histidine kinase and transmits the stress signal to a downstream MAPK cascade. This protein undergoes an ATP- dependent autophosphorylation at a conserved histidine residue in the kinase core, and a phosphoryl group is then transferred to a conserved aspartate residue in the receiver domain. In the presence of cytokinin, feeds phosphate to phosphorelay-integrating histidine phosphotransfer protein (HPt) and activates subsequent cascade. Involved in meristems establishment in seedl [...] (1036 aa)
SPP1Probable sucrose-phosphatase 1; Catalyzes the final step of sucrose synthesis. (423 aa)
BZIP8Basic leucine zipper 8; Belongs to the bZIP family. (138 aa)
DHAR2Glutathione S-transferase DHAR2; Displays a dual function. As a soluble protein, exhibits glutathione-dependent thiol transferase and dehydroascorbate (DHA) reductase activities. Exhibits glutathione-dependent thiol transferase and dehydroascorbate (DHA) reductase activities. Key component of the ascorbate recycling system. Involved in the redox homeostasis, especially in scavenging of ROS under oxidative stresses. Plays a role in ozone tolerance; Belongs to the GST superfamily. DHAR family. (213 aa)
DHAR1Glutathione S-transferase DHAR1, mitochondrial; Displays a dual function. As a soluble protein, exhibits glutathione-dependent thiol transferase and dehydroascorbate (DHA) reductase activities. Key component of the ascorbate recycling system. Involved in the redox homeostasis, especially in scavenging of ROS under oxidative stresses, subsequently to biotic or abiotic inducers. As a peripheral membrane protein, could also function as voltage-gated ion channel. Belongs to the GST superfamily. DHAR family. (213 aa)
GAPC2Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase GAPC2, cytosolic; Key enzyme in glycolysis that catalyzes the first step of the pathway by converting D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) into 3- phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate. Essential for the maintenance of cellular ATP levels and carbohydrate metabolism (By similarity). Binds DNA in vitro. (338 aa)
SPS2-2Probable sucrose-phosphate synthase 2; Plays a role in photosynthetic sucrose synthesis by catalyzing the rate-limiting step of sucrose biosynthesis from UDP- glucose and fructose- 6-phosphate. Involved in the regulation of carbon partitioning in the leaves of plants. May regulate the synthesis of sucrose and therefore play a major role as a limiting factor in the export of photoassimilates out of the leaf. Plays a role for sucrose availability that is essential for plant growth and fiber elongation. Required for nectar secretion. (1047 aa)
MYB64Transcription factor MYB64; Transcription factor required for female gametophyte fertility. Acts redundantly with MYB119 to initiate the FG5 transition during female gametophyte development. The FG5 transition represents the switch between free nuclear divisions and cellularization-differentiation in female gametophyte, and occurs during developmental stage FG5. (423 aa)
HXK3Hexokinase-like 1 protein; Fructose and glucose phosphorylating enzyme. Belongs to the hexokinase family. (493 aa)
HSP70-4Heat shock 70 kDa protein 4; In cooperation with other chaperones, Hsp70s are key components that facilitate folding of de novo synthesized proteins, assist translocation of precursor proteins into organelles, and are responsible for degradation of damaged protein under stress conditions (Probable). ATP-dependent molecular chaperone that assists folding of unfolded or misfolded proteins under stress conditions. Mediates plastid precursor degradation to prevent cytosolic precursor accumulation, together with the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase CHIP. Recognizes specific sequence motifs in tr [...] (650 aa)
LHCB6Chlorophyll a-b binding protein, chloroplastic; The light-harvesting complex (LHC) functions as a light receptor, it captures and delivers excitation energy to photosystems with which it is closely associated; Belongs to the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding (LHC) protein family. (258 aa)
F18O14.31Glutathione S-transferase family protein. (153 aa)
HKL1Hexokinase-3; Fructose and glucose phosphorylating enzyme (By similarity). May be involved in the phosphorylation of glucose during the export from mitochondrion to cytosol (By similarity). (498 aa)
ERF106Ethylene-responsive transcription factor ERF106; Probably acts as a transcriptional activator. Binds to the GCC-box pathogenesis-related promoter element. May be involved in the regulation of gene expression by stress factors and by components of stress signal transduction pathways (By similarity); Belongs to the AP2/ERF transcription factor family. ERF subfamily. (207 aa)
GPX5Probable glutathione peroxidase 5; May constitute a glutathione peroxidase-like protective system against oxidative stresses. (173 aa)
PPC1Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase 1; Through the carboxylation of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) it forms oxaloacetate, a four-carbon dicarboxylic acid source for the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Contributes probably to the adaptation to inorganic phosphate (Pi) deprivation; Belongs to the PEPCase type 1 family. (967 aa)
GBSS1Granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic; Required for the synthesis of amylose. Destroyed as it is released from the starch granules during the night. The circadian expression is controlled by CCA1 and LHY transcription factors. (610 aa)
CAO-2Chlorophyllide a oxygenase, chloroplastic; Catalyzes a two-step oxygenase reaction involved in the synthesis of chlorophyll b. Acts specifically on the non-esterified chlorophyllide a and not on chlorophyll a. (536 aa)
PSAGPhotosystem I reaction center subunit V, chloroplastic; Not yet known; Belongs to the PsaG/PsaK family. (160 aa)
SPP2Probable sucrose-phosphatase 2; Catalyzes the final step of sucrose synthesis. (422 aa)
HEMA3Probable glutamyl-tRNA reductase 3, chloroplastic; Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of glutamyl-tRNA(Glu) to glutamate 1-semialdehyde (GSA). (524 aa)
AtMYB103Putative MYB family transcription factor; 19087-20744. (370 aa)
PSALPhotosystem I reaction center subunit XI, chloroplastic; Belongs to the PsaL family. (219 aa)
PSAKPhotosystem I reaction center subunit psaK, chloroplastic. (130 aa)
GPX7Putative glutathione peroxidase 7, chloroplastic; May constitute a glutathione peroxidase-like protective system against oxidative stresses. (233 aa)
HKL3Probable hexokinase-like 2 protein; Fructose and glucose phosphorylating enzyme. (493 aa)
PSBSPhotosystem II 22 kDa protein, chloroplastic; Plays an important role in non-photochemical quenching, a process maintains the balance between dissipation and utilization of light energy to minimize generation of oxidizing molecules, thereby protecting the plant against photo-oxidative damage. Is not necessary for efficient light harvesting and photosynthesis. Belongs to the ELIP/psbS family. (265 aa)
PSBQ1Oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 3-1, chloroplastic; Required for photosystem II assembly/stability and photoautotrophic growth under low light conditions. (224 aa)
MYB80Transcription factor MYB80; Transcription factor that binds to the DNA sequence 5'- CCAACC-3'. Regulates directly PME5, UND and GLOX1. Essential for tapetum development in anthers and microsporogenesis. Regulates the timing of tapetal programmed cell death (PCD) which is critical for pollen development. May act through the activation of UND, encoding an A1 aspartic protease. Required for anther development by regulating tapetum development, callose dissolution and exine formation. Acts upstream of A6 and FAR2/MS2, two genes required for pollen exine formation. Negatively regulates tric [...] (320 aa)
grpEGrpE protein homolog; Essential component of the PAM complex, a complex required for the translocation of transit peptide-containing proteins from the inner membrane into the mitochondrial matrix in an ATP-dependent manner; Belongs to the GrpE family. (326 aa)
A0A1P8ARU2Phosphotransferase. (186 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Arabidopsis thaliana
NCBI taxonomy Id: 3702
Other names: A. thaliana, Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh., mouse-ear cress, thale cress, thale-cress
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