STRINGSTRING
FAMA FAMA GATA21 GATA21 WOX1 WOX1 ERL2 ERL2 GIF1 GIF1 EPF2 EPF2 CURT1B CURT1B XTH9 XTH9 EPF1 EPF1 PIF4 PIF4 SAG21 SAG21 SAUR66 SAUR66 ERF9 ERF9 DAPB3 DAPB3 SAUR20 SAUR20 MUTE MUTE PSAG PSAG PSBX PSBX THF1 THF1 PSAK PSAK EPFL9 EPFL9 SAUR14 SAUR14 ARF11 ARF11 CYCD6-1 CYCD6-1 SAUR72 SAUR72 ERL1 ERL1 SBT1.2 SBT1.2 SAUR50 SAUR50 ERF5 ERF5 CYCD3-1 CYCD3-1 HEMA1 HEMA1 PSAN PSAN psaB psaB EPFL6 EPFL6 SAUR75 SAUR75
Nodes:
Network nodes represent proteins
splice isoforms or post-translational modifications are collapsed, i.e. each node represents all the proteins produced by a single, protein-coding gene locus.
Node Color
colored nodes:
query proteins and first shell of interactors
white nodes:
second shell of interactors
Node Content
empty nodes:
proteins of unknown 3D structure
filled nodes:
a 3D structure is known or predicted
Edges:
Edges represent protein-protein associations
associations are meant to be specific and meaningful, i.e. proteins jointly contribute to a shared function; this does not necessarily mean they are physically binding to each other.
Known Interactions
from curated databases
experimentally determined
Predicted Interactions
gene neighborhood
gene fusions
gene co-occurrence
Others
textmining
co-expression
protein homology
Your Input:
FAMATranscription factor FAMA; Transcription activator. Together with MYB88 and MYB124, ensures that stomata contain just two guard cells (GCs) by enforcing a single symmetric precursor cell division before stomatal maturity. Together with SPCH and MUTE, regulates the stomata formation. Required to promote differentiation and morphogenesis of stomatal guard cells and to halt proliferative divisions in their immediate precursors. Mediates the formation of stomata. Prevents histone H3K27me3 marks and derepresses stem cell gene expression. (414 aa)
GATA21GATA transcription factor 21; Transcriptional regulator that specifically binds 5'-GATA-3' or 5'-GAT-3' motifs within gene promoters. Involved in the modulation of chloroplast development, growth and division in a cytokinin-dependent manner. Repressor of the gibberellic acid (GA) signaling pathway that represses flowering and modulates greening, in a SOC1-dependent manner. Prevents the accumulation of SOC1 during flowering. Promotes chlorophyll biosynthesis throughout the plant, by regulating chlorophyll biosynthetic genes (e.g. HEMA1 and GUN4) and chloroplast localized glutamate synth [...] (398 aa)
WOX1WUSCHEL-related homeobox 1; Transcription factor which may be involved in developmental processes. (350 aa)
ERL2LRR receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase ERL2; Receptor kinase that regulates inflorescence architecture and organ shape as well as stomatal patterning, including density and clustering, together with ERL1 and ER. (967 aa)
GIF1GRF1-interacting factor 1; Transcription coactivator that plays a role in the regulation of cell expansion in leaf and cotyledons tissues. Component of a network formed by miR396, the GRFs and their interacting factors (GIFs) acting in the regulation of meristem function, at least partially through the control of cell proliferation. Appears to function synergistically with GRF1 as a transcriptional coactivator. Acts together with GRF5 for the development of appropriate leaf size and shape through the promotion and/or maintenance of cell proliferation activity in leaf primordia. Plays a [...] (210 aa)
EPF2Protein EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR 2; Controls stomatal patterning. Regulates the number of cells that enter, and remain in, the stomatal lineage by inhibiting protodermal cells from adopting the meristemoid mother cell (MMC) fate in a non-cell-autonomous manner. Mediates stomatal development inhibition. MEPF2: mobile signal controlling stomatal development in a non-cell-autonomous manner. Uses ERECTA as major receptor. Inactivated by cleavage by CRSP (AC Q9LNU1). May act by competing with somatogen (AC Q9SV72) for the same receptor, TMM (AC Q9SSD1). (120 aa)
CURT1BProtein CURVATURE THYLAKOID 1B, chloroplastic; Determines thylakoid architecture by inducing membrane curvature. (174 aa)
XTH9Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase protein 9; Catalyzes xyloglucan endohydrolysis (XEH) and/or endotransglycosylation (XET). Cleaves and religates xyloglucan polymers, an essential constituent of the primary cell wall, and thereby participates in cell wall construction of growing tissues. Involved in internodal cell elongation; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 16 family. XTH group 1 subfamily. (290 aa)
EPF1Protein EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR 1; Controls stomatal patterning. Regulates asymmetric cell division during guard cell differentiation. Mediates stomatal development inhibition. Not cleaved by the protease CRSP (AC Q9LNU1). MEPF1: mobile signal controlling stomatal development in a non-cell-autonomous manner. Uses ERL1 as major receptor. May act by competing with somatogen (AC Q9SV72) for the same receptor, TMM (AC Q9SSD1). Belongs to the plant cysteine rich small secretory peptide family. Epidermal patterning factor subfamily. (104 aa)
PIF4Transcription factor PIF4; Transcription factor acting negatively in the phytochrome B signaling pathway. May regulate the expression of a subset of genes involved in cell expansion by binding to the G-box motif (By similarity). Activated by CRY1 and CRY2 in response to low blue light (LBL) by direct binding at chromatin on E-box variant 5'-CA[CT]GTG-3' to stimulate specific gene expression to adapt global physiology (e.g. hypocotyl elongation in low blue light). Belongs to the bHLH protein family. (430 aa)
SAG21Protein SENESCENCE-ASSOCIATED GENE 21, mitochondrial; Mediates tolerance to oxidative stresses (e.g. hydrogen peroxide H(2)O(2), diamide, menadione and tert-butyl hydroperoxide) by minimizing the negative effects of oxidation and monitoring photosynthesis during stress. Promotes root development. Prevents premature aging (e.g. senescence and flowering). Involved in resistance against compatible pathogens such as Botrytis cinerea and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. (97 aa)
SAUR66Auxin-responsive protein SAUR66; May promote auxin-stimulated organ elongation, such as hypocotyls, stamen filaments and petals. Belongs to the ARG7 family. (135 aa)
ERF9Ethylene-responsive transcription factor 9; Involved in the regulation of gene expression by stress factors and by components of stress signal transduction pathways. Transcription factor that binds to the GCC-box pathogenesis-related promoter element. Acts as a transcriptional inhibitor and may regulate other AtERFs (By similarity). (200 aa)
DAPB3Dihydrodipicolinate reductase-like protein CRR1, chloroplastic; Dihydrodipicolinate reductase (DHPR)-like protein that may not function as DHPR in lysine biosynthesis. Required for both formation and activity of the chloroplast NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDH) complex of the photosynthetic electron transport chain. May function in assembly or stabilization of the NDH complex. (298 aa)
SAUR20Auxin-responsive protein SAUR20; Functions as positive effectors of cell expansion through modulation of auxin transport. (91 aa)
MUTETranscription factor MUTE; Transcription factor. Together with FMA and SPCH, regulates the stomata formation. Required for the differentiation of stomatal guard cells, by promoting successive asymmetric cell divisions and the formation of guard mother cells. Promotes the conversion of the leaf epidermis into stomata. (202 aa)
PSAGPhotosystem I reaction center subunit V, chloroplastic; Not yet known; Belongs to the PsaG/PsaK family. (160 aa)
PSBXPhotosystem II subunit X. (116 aa)
THF1Protein THYLAKOID FORMATION 1, chloroplastic; Involved in a dynamic process of vesicle-mediated thylakoid membrane biogenesis. Required for the normal organization of vesicles into mature thylakoid stacks and ultimately for leaf development. Also involved in a sugar-signaling mechanism in roots by mediating signaling between the plasma membrane and the plastid. Probably acts downstream of the plasma membrane-delimited heterotrimeric G-protein GPA1 in a D- glucose signaling pathway; Belongs to the THF1 family. (300 aa)
PSAKPhotosystem I reaction center subunit psaK, chloroplastic. (130 aa)
EPFL9EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR-like protein 9; [Stomagen]: Positively regulates stomatal density and patterning. Acts by competing with EPF2 (AC Q8LC53) for the same receptors, ERECTA (AC Q42371) and TMM (AC Q9SSD1). Not cleaved by the protease CRSP (AC Q9LNU1). Belongs to the plant cysteine rich small secretory peptide family. Epidermal patterning factor subfamily. (102 aa)
SAUR14SAUR-like auxin-responsive protein family. (99 aa)
ARF11Auxin response factor 11; Auxin response factors (ARFs) are transcriptional factors that bind specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-TGTCTC-3' found in the auxin-responsive promoter elements (AuxREs). Could act as transcriptional activator or repressor. Formation of heterodimers with Aux/IAA proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. (622 aa)
CYCD6-1Putative cyclin-D6-1; Belongs to the cyclin family. Cyclin D subfamily. (302 aa)
SAUR72Auxin-responsive protein SAUR72; Plays a role in the regulation of cell expansion, root meristem patterning and auxin transport. (132 aa)
ERL1LRR receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase ERL1; Receptor kinase that regulates inflorescence architecture and organ shape as well as stomatal patterning, including density and clustering, together with ER and ERL2. Redundantly involved with ER in procambial development regulation. Forms a functional ligand-receptor pair with EPF1 (AC Q8S8I4). Forms a constitutive complex with TMM involved in the recognition of the stomatal regulatory peptides EPF1, EPF2 and EPFL9/STOMAGEN. Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (966 aa)
SBT1.2Subtilisin-like protease SBT1.2; Serine protease involved in the negative regulation of stomatal density and distribution. Not active on EPFL6 (AC Q1PEY6). Positive regulator of water use efficiency (WUE). (775 aa)
SAUR50Auxin-responsive protein SAUR50; Effector of hormonal and environmental signals in plant growth. (107 aa)
ERF5Ethylene-responsive transcription factor 5; Acts as a transcriptional activator. Binds to the GCC-box pathogenesis-related promoter element. Involved in the regulation of gene expression by stress factors and by components of stress signal transduction pathways; Belongs to the AP2/ERF transcription factor family. ERF subfamily. (300 aa)
CYCD3-1Cyclin-D3-1; Involved in the control of the cell cycle at the G1/S (start) transition. Activates the G1/S phase transition in response to cytokinin hormone signal, but declines in response to sucrose starvation leading to G1 arrest. Involved in the induction of mitotic cell division. Plays an important role in the switch from cell proliferation to the final stages of differentiation during plant development. May not be involved in the activation of cell cycle in the root apical meristem (RAM) in the early phase of seed germination. Promotes divisions in the guard cells (GCs) after the [...] (376 aa)
HEMA1Glutamyl-tRNA reductase 1, chloroplastic; Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of glutamyl-tRNA(Glu) to glutamate 1-semialdehyde (GSA). Probably involved in the tetrapyrrole synthesis required for the chlorophyll biosynthesis. (543 aa)
PSANPhotosystem I reaction center subunit N, chloroplastic; May function in mediating the binding of the antenna complexes to the PSI reaction center and core antenna. Plays an important role in docking plastocyanin to the PSI complex. Does not bind pigments. (171 aa)
psaBPhotosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A2; PsaA and PsaB bind P700, the primary electron donor of photosystem I (PSI), as well as the electron acceptors A0, A1 and FX. PSI is a plastocyanin-ferredoxin oxidoreductase, converting photonic excitation into a charge separation, which transfers an electron from the donor P700 chlorophyll pair to the spectroscopically characterized acceptors A0, A1, FX, FA and FB in turn. Oxidized P700 is reduced on the lumenal side of the thylakoid membrane by plastocyanin. (734 aa)
EPFL6EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR-like protein 6; Acts primarily as positive regulator of inflorescence growth. Endodermal expression is sufficient for proper inflorescence architecture. Redundantly involved with EPFL4 in procambial development regulation. Acts also as tissue-specific regulator of epidermal pattern. Controls stomatal patterning by repressing stomatal production. TMM (AC Q9SSD1) functions to dampen or block CHAL signaling. Not processed by SDD1 (AC O64495). Acts as growth-regulatory ligand for ERECTA family receptors. Belongs to the plant cysteine rich small secretory peptide [...] (156 aa)
SAUR75SAUR-like auxin-responsive protein family. (142 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Arabidopsis thaliana
NCBI taxonomy Id: 3702
Other names: A. thaliana, Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh., mouse-ear cress, thale cress, thale-cress
Server load: low (18%) [HD]
STRING is a Core Data Resource as designated by Global Biodata Coalition and ELIXIR.