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PAL4 PAL4 ICS2 ICS2 ENO3 ENO3 PRB1 PRB1 B9DG91_ARATH B9DG91_ARATH ARPC4 ARPC4 CBP60G CBP60G F18O22.20 F18O22.20 VSP2 VSP2 ENO2 ENO2 PR5 PR5 PR1-2 PR1-2 PAL1 PAL1 PAL2 PAL2 PAL3 PAL3 CCA1 CCA1 NPR1 NPR1 PR1 PR1 GLN2 GLN2 GLN1-1 GLN1-1 NPR4 NPR4 LHY LHY Q8GW13_ARATH Q8GW13_ARATH GLN1-5 GLN1-5 BAD1 BAD1 NPR3 NPR3 GLN1-2 GLN1-2 B'GAMMA B'GAMMA DTX47 DTX47 PHR1 PHR1 SARD1 SARD1 PDF1.2A PDF1.2A GLN1-4 GLN1-4 GLN1-3 GLN1-3 GH3.12 GH3.12 ICS1 ICS1 PAD4 PAD4
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splice isoforms or post-translational modifications are collapsed, i.e. each node represents all the proteins produced by a single, protein-coding gene locus.
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query proteins and first shell of interactors
white nodes:
second shell of interactors
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proteins of unknown 3D structure
filled nodes:
a 3D structure is known or predicted
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Known Interactions
from curated databases
experimentally determined
Predicted Interactions
gene neighborhood
gene fusions
gene co-occurrence
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textmining
co-expression
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PAL4Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 4; This is a key enzyme of plant metabolism catalyzing the first reaction in the biosynthesis from L-phenylalanine of a wide variety of natural products based on the phenylpropane skeleton; Belongs to the PAL/histidase family. (707 aa)
ICS2Isochorismate synthase 2, chloroplastic; Involved in the synthesis of salicylic acid (SA) required for both local and systemic acquired resistance (LAR and SAR) while SA synthesized through the phenylalanine ammonium lyase (PAL) pathway seems to potentiate plant cell death. Also involved in phylloquinone (vitamin K1) synthesis. Has no isochorismate pyruvate lyase (IPL) activity. (562 aa)
ENO3Cytosolic enolase 3. (475 aa)
PRB1Pathogenesis-related protein 1; Probably involved in the defense reaction of plants against pathogens. (161 aa)
B9DG91_ARATHAT3G13950 protein. (207 aa)
ARPC4Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 4; Functions as actin-binding component of the Arp2/3 complex which is involved in regulation of actin polymerization and together with an activating nucleation-promoting factor (NPF) mediates the formation of branched actin networks. Seems to contact the mother actin filament (By similarity). Arp2/3 complex plays a critical role in the control of cell morphogenesis via the modulation of cell polarity development. (169 aa)
CBP60GCalmodulin-binding protein 60 G; Transcription activator that binds DNA in a sequence-specific manner, 5'-GAAATTTTGG-3', to promote the expression of target genes. Recruited to the promoter of ICS1 and other defense-related genes (e.g. PR1, PR2 and EDS5) in response to both biotic (e.g. Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola ES4326, P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000, and microbe- associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) such as flg22) and abiotic stresses (e.g. UV-B, drought and abscisic acid), thus triggering rapid defense responses by stimulating salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis. Involved in b [...] (563 aa)
F18O22.20Ankyrin. (751 aa)
VSP2Vegetative storage protein 2; May function as somatic storage protein during early seedling development; Belongs to the APS1/VSP family. (265 aa)
ENO2Bifunctional enolase 2/transcriptional activator; Multifunctional enzyme that acts as an enolase involved in the metabolism and as a positive regulator of cold-responsive gene transcription. Binds to the cis-element the gene promoter of STZ/ZAT10, a zinc finger transcriptional repressor. (444 aa)
PR5Pathogenesis-related protein 5; Partially responsible for acquired pathogen resistance. (239 aa)
PR1-2Pathogenesis-related protein 1; Partially responsible for acquired pathogen resistance. (161 aa)
PAL1Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 1; This is a key enzyme of plant metabolism catalyzing the first reaction in the biosynthesis from L-phenylalanine of a wide variety of natural products based on the phenylpropane skeleton; Belongs to the PAL/histidase family. (725 aa)
PAL2Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 2; This is a key enzyme of plant metabolism catalyzing the first reaction in the biosynthesis from L-phenylalanine of a wide variety of natural products based on the phenylpropane skeleton; Belongs to the PAL/histidase family. (717 aa)
PAL3Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 3; This is a key enzyme of plant metabolism catalyzing the first reaction in the biosynthesis from L-phenylalanine of a wide variety of natural products based on the phenylpropane skeleton. (694 aa)
CCA1Protein CCA1; Transcription factor involved in the circadian clock and in the phytochrome regulation. Binds to the promoter regions of APRR1/TOC1 and TCP21/CHE to repress their transcription. Binds to the promoter regions of CAB2A and CAB2B to promote their transcription. Represses both LHY and itself. (608 aa)
NPR1Regulatory protein NPR1; May act as a substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase complex (CUL3-RBX1-BTB) which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (By similarity). Key positive regulator of the SA-dependent signaling pathway that negatively regulates JA-dependent signaling pathway. Mediates the binding of TGA factors to the as-1 motif found in the pathogenesis-related PR-1 gene, leading to the transcriptional regulation of the gene defense. Controls the onset of systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Upon SAR induction, [...] (593 aa)
PR1Putative pathogenesis-related protein 1, 18.9K; Belongs to the CRISP family. (166 aa)
GLN2Glutamine synthetase, chloroplastic/mitochondrial; The light-modulated chloroplast/mitochondrial enzyme, encoded by a nuclear gene and expressed primarily in leaves, is responsible for the reassimilation of the ammonia generated by photorespiration. Belongs to the glutamine synthetase family. (430 aa)
GLN1-1Glutamine synthetase cytosolic isozyme 1-1; High-affinity glutamine synthetase. May contribute to the homeostatic control of glutamine synthesis in roots. (356 aa)
NPR4Regulatory protein NPR4; May act as a substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase complex (CUL3-RBX1-BTB) which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (By similarity). Involved in the regulation of basal defense responses against pathogens, and may be implicated in the cross-talk between the SA- and JA-dependent signaling pathways. (574 aa)
LHYProtein LHY; Transcription factor involved in the circadian clock. Binds to the promoter region of APRR1/TOC1 and TCP21/CHE to repress their transcription. Represses both CCA1 and itself. (645 aa)
Q8GW13_ARATHPutative c-myc binding protein. (122 aa)
GLN1-5Glutamine synthetase cytosolic isozyme 1-5; Belongs to the glutamine synthetase family. (353 aa)
BAD1Ankyrin repeat-containing protein BDA1; Involved in plant defense. Required for basal resistance against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. Required for resistance against nonpathogenic bacteria. May be involved in signaling components that function downstream of SNC2 and upstream of NPR1 and WRKY70 to regulate defense responses. (426 aa)
NPR3Regulatory protein NPR3; May act as a substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase complex (CUL3-RBX1-BTB) which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (By similarity). Involved in the regulation of basal defense responses against pathogens. (586 aa)
GLN1-2Glutamine synthetase cytosolic isozyme 1-2; Low-affinity glutamine synthetase. May contribute to the homeostatic control of glutamine synthesis in roots. (356 aa)
B'GAMMASerine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A 59 kDa regulatory subunit B' gamma isoform; The B regulatory subunit may modulate substrate selectivity and catalytic activity, and also may direct the localization of the catalytic enzyme to a particular subcellular compartment (By similarity). Required for the formation of the PP2A holoenzyme that negatively regulates brassinosteroid signaling by dephosphorylating and inactivating BRI1 in the cytoplasm. Seems to be functionally connected with CPR5 and may mediate the negative regulation of defense reactions and senescence under low irradiances. [...] (522 aa)
DTX47Protein DETOXIFICATION 47, chloroplastic; Functions as a multidrug and toxin extrusion transporter in the export of salicylic acid (SA) from the chloroplast to the cytoplasm. Plays an essential function in plant defense via the pathogen-induced salicylic acid (SA) accumulation. Acts also as a key component of the Age-related resistance (ARR) pathway. (543 aa)
PHR1Protein PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE 1; Transcription factor involved in phosphate starvation signaling. Binds as a dimer to P1BS, an imperfect palindromic sequence 5'-GNATATNC-3', to promote the expression of inorganic phosphate (Pi) starvation- responsive genes. SPX1 is a competitive inhibitor of this DNA-binding. PHR1 binding to its targets is low Pi-dependent. Regulates the expression of miR399. Regulates the expression of IPS1 (At3g09922), a non-coding RNA that mimics the target of miR399 to block the cleavage of PHO2 under Pi-deficient conditions. Regulates lipid remodeling and [...] (409 aa)
SARD1Protein SAR DEFICIENT 1; Transcription activator that binds DNA in a sequence-specific manner, 5'-GAAATTTTGG-3', to promote the expression of target genes. Recruited to the promoter of ICS1 and other defense-related genes (e.g. PR1 and SID2) in response to both biotic (e.g. Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola ES4326) and abiotic stresses (e.g. UV-B), thus triggering slow defense responses by stimulating salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis. Required for basal and systemic acquired resistance to P. syringae pv. maculicola and Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis. Belongs to the plant ACBP60 prote [...] (451 aa)
PDF1.2ADefensin-like protein 16; Confers broad-spectrum resistance to pathogens. Has antifungal activity in vitro; Belongs to the DEFL family. (80 aa)
GLN1-4Glutamine synthetase cytosolic isozyme 1-4; High-affinity glutamine synthetase. May contribute to the homeostatic control of glutamine synthesis in roots. (356 aa)
GLN1-3Glutamine synthetase cytosolic isozyme 1-3; Low-affinity glutamine synthetase. May contribute to the homeostatic control of glutamine synthesis in roots. (354 aa)
GH3.124-substituted benzoates-glutamate ligase GH3.12; Catalyzes the conjugation of specific amino acids (e.g. Glu and possibly His, Lys, and Met) to their preferred acyl substrates (e.g. 4-substituted benzoates), in a magnesium ion- and ATP-dependent manner. Can use 4-substituted benzoates such as 4-aminobenzoate (pABA), 4-fluorobenzoate and 4-hydroxybenzoate (4-HBA), and, to a lesser extent, benzoate, vanillate and trans-cinnamate, but not 2-substituted benzoates and salicylic acid (SA), as conjugating acyl substrates. Involved in both basal and induced resistance in a SA-dependent manner. [...] (575 aa)
ICS1Isochorismate synthase 1, chloroplastic; Involved in the synthesis of salicylic acid (SA) required for both local and systemic acquired resistance (LAR and SAR) while SA synthesized through the phenylalanine ammonium lyase (PAL) pathway seems to potentiate plant cell death. Also involved in phylloquinone (vitamin K1) synthesis. Has no isochorismate pyruvate lyase (IPL) activity. (569 aa)
PAD4Lipase-like PAD4; Probable lipase required downstream of MPK4 for accumulation of the plant defense-potentiating molecule, salicylic acid, thus contributing to the plant innate immunity against invasive biotrophic pathogens and to defense mechanisms upon recognition of microbe- associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). Participates in the regulation of various molecular and physiological processes that influence fitness. Together with SG101, required for programmed cell death (PCD) triggered by NBS-LRR resistance proteins (e.g. RPS4, RPW8.1 and RPW8.2) in response to the fungal toxin fumo [...] (541 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Arabidopsis thaliana
NCBI taxonomy Id: 3702
Other names: A. thaliana, Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh., mouse-ear cress, thale cress, thale-cress
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