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| | XTH9 | Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase protein 9; Catalyzes xyloglucan endohydrolysis (XEH) and/or endotransglycosylation (XET). Cleaves and religates xyloglucan polymers, an essential constituent of the primary cell wall, and thereby participates in cell wall construction of growing tissues. Involved in internodal cell elongation; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 16 family. XTH group 1 subfamily. (290 aa) |
| | IAA16 | Auxin-responsive protein IAA16; Aux/IAA proteins are short-lived transcriptional factors that function as repressors of early auxin response genes at low auxin concentrations. Repression is thought to result from the interaction with auxin response factors (ARFs), proteins that bind to the auxin- responsive promoter element (AuxRE). Formation of heterodimers with ARF proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. (236 aa) |
| | EIN3 | Protein ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 3; Probable transcription factor acting as a positive regulator in the ethylene response pathway. Is required for ethylene responsiveness in adult plant tissues. Binds a primary ethylene response element present in the ETHYLENE-RESPONSE-FACTOR1 promoter with consequence to activate the transcription of this gene. (628 aa) |
| | CESA2 | Cellulose synthase A catalytic subunit 2 [UDP-forming]; Catalytic subunit of cellulose synthase terminal complexes ('rosettes'), required for beta-1,4-glucan microfibril crystallization, a major mechanism of the cell wall formation. Involved in the primary cell wall formation. (1084 aa) |
| | PGM3 | Probable phosphoglucomutase, cytoplasmic 1; This enzyme participates in both the breakdown and synthesis of glucose; Belongs to the phosphohexose mutase family. (583 aa) |
| | NAC073 | NAC domain-containing protein 73; Transcriptional activator that plays a regulatory role in the development of secondary cell wall fibers. Involved in the regulation of cellulose and hemicellulose biosynthetic genes as well as of genes involved in lignin polymerization and signaling. Is not a direct target of SND1. (305 aa) |
| | CCOAOMT1 | Caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase 1; Methylates caffeoyl-CoA to feruloyl-CoA. Has a very low activity with caffeic acid and esculetin. Involved in scopoletin biosynthesis in roots; Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Cation-dependent O-methyltransferase family. CCoAMT subfamily. (259 aa) |
| | FLA5 | Fasciclin-like arabinogalactan protein 5; May be a cell surface adhesion protein; Belongs to the fasciclin-like AGP family. (278 aa) |
| | ETO1 | Ethylene-overproduction protein 1; Essential regulator of the ethylene pathway, which acts by regulating the stability of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACS) enzymes. May act as a substrate-specific adapter that connects ACS enzymes, such as ACS5, to ubiquitin ligase complexes, leading to proteasomal degradation of ACS enzymes; Belongs to the ETO1 family. (951 aa) |
| | ERF2 | Ethylene-responsive transcription factor 2; Acts as a transcriptional activator. Binds to the GCC-box pathogenesis-related promoter element. Involved in the regulation of gene expression by stress factors and by components of stress signal transduction pathways. Involved in disease resistance pathways. Belongs to the AP2/ERF transcription factor family. ERF subfamily. (243 aa) |
| | ERF3 | Ethylene-responsive transcription factor 3; Acts as a transcriptional repressor. Binds to the GCC-box pathogenesis-related promoter element. Involved in the regulation of gene expression by stress factors and by components of stress signal transduction pathways and could also regulate other AtERFs. (225 aa) |
| | PYL4 | Abscisic acid receptor PYL4; Receptor for abscisic acid (ABA) required for ABA-mediated responses such as stomatal closure and germination inhibition. Inhibits the activity of group-A protein phosphatases type 2C (PP2Cs) when activated by ABA. Can be activated by both (-)-ABA and (+)-ABA. (207 aa) |
| | SCL9 | Scarecrow-like protein 9; Probable transcription factor involved in plant development. (718 aa) |
| | LAC2 | Laccase-2; Lignin degradation and detoxification of lignin-derived products (By similarity). Required for root elongation in dehydration conditions; Belongs to the multicopper oxidase family. (573 aa) |
| | SCL6 | Scarecrow-like protein 6; Probable transcription factor involved in plant development. (558 aa) |
| | F4L23.19 | 3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase, chloroplastic; Catalyzes the transfer of the enolpyruvyl moiety of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to the 5-hydroxyl of shikimate-3-phosphate (S3P) to produce enolpyruvyl shikimate-3-phosphate and inorganic phosphate. (520 aa) |
| | AHA2 | ATPase 2, plasma membrane-type; The plasma membrane H(+) ATPase of plants and fungi generates a proton gradient that drives the active transport of nutrients by H(+)-symport. The resulting external acidification and/or internal alkinization may mediate growth responses. Involved in maintaining the membrane potential and delta-pH, together forming the plasma membrane protonmotive force (PMF) required for root and hypocotyl elongation and root tropism. Important for root growth and development during different nitrogen regimes. Forms a functional cation-translocating unit with CNGC17 tha [...] (948 aa) |
| | AHA3 | ATPase 3, plasma membrane-type; The plasma membrane H(+) ATPase of plants and fungi generates a proton gradient that drives the active transport of nutrients by H(+)-symport. The resulting external acidification and/or internal alkinization may mediate growth responses; Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type IIIA subfamily. (949 aa) |
| | AHA1 | ATPase 1, plasma membrane-type; The plasma membrane H(+) ATPase of plants and fungi generates a proton gradient that drives the active transport of nutrients by H(+)-symport. The resulting external acidification and/or internal alkinization may mediate growth responses. Forms a functional cation- translocating unit with CNGC17 that is activated by PSKR1/BAK1 and possibly other BAK1/RLK complexes. (949 aa) |
| | PAL1 | Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 1; This is a key enzyme of plant metabolism catalyzing the first reaction in the biosynthesis from L-phenylalanine of a wide variety of natural products based on the phenylpropane skeleton; Belongs to the PAL/histidase family. (725 aa) |
| | PAL2 | Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 2; This is a key enzyme of plant metabolism catalyzing the first reaction in the biosynthesis from L-phenylalanine of a wide variety of natural products based on the phenylpropane skeleton; Belongs to the PAL/histidase family. (717 aa) |
| | PAL3 | Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 3; This is a key enzyme of plant metabolism catalyzing the first reaction in the biosynthesis from L-phenylalanine of a wide variety of natural products based on the phenylpropane skeleton. (694 aa) |
| | GASA3 | Gibberellin-regulated protein 3; Gibberellin-regulated protein that may function in hormonal controlled steps of development such as seed germination, flowering and seed maturation; Belongs to the GASA family. (99 aa) |
| | GASA1 | Gibberellin-regulated protein 1; Gibberellin-regulated protein that may function in hormonal controlled steps of development such as seed germination, flowering and seed maturation; Belongs to the GASA family. (98 aa) |
| | AP2 | Floral homeotic protein APETALA 2; Probable transcriptional activator that promotes early floral meristem identity. Is required subsequently for the transition of an inflorescence meristem into a floral meristem. Plays a central role in the specification of floral identity, particularly for the normal development of sepals and petals in the wild-type flower, by spatially controlling the expression domains of multiple floral organ identity genes. Acts as A class cadastral protein by repressing the C class floral homeotic gene AGAMOUS in association with other repressors like LEUNIG and [...] (432 aa) |
| | ETR1 | Ethylene receptor 1; Ethylene receptor related to bacterial two-component regulators. Acts as a redundant negative regulator of ethylene signaling. In the presence of ethylene, the auto-kinase activity of ETR1 is inhibited and the non- phosphorylated kinase domain binds tightly to the corresponding domain of EIN2. (738 aa) |
| | CYP73A5 | Trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase; Controls carbon flux to pigments essential for pollination or UV protection, to numerous pytoalexins synthesized by plants when challenged by pathogens, and to lignins. (505 aa) |
| | CTR1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase CTR1; Acts as a negative regulator in the ethylene response pathway. Phosphorylates the cytosolic C-terminal domain of EIN2, preventing the signaling in the absence of ethylene. (821 aa) |
| | ETR2 | Ethylene receptor 2; Ethylene receptor related to bacterial two-component regulators. Acts as a redundant negative regulator of ethylene signaling. (773 aa) |
| | CEL5 | Endoglucanase 3; May be involved in the sloughing (cell-cell separation) of the root cap cells from root tip. (484 aa) |
| | IAA8 | Auxin-responsive protein IAA8; Aux/IAA proteins are short-lived transcriptional factors that function as repressors of early auxin response genes at low auxin concentrations. Repression is thought to result from the interaction with auxin response factors (ARFs), proteins that bind to the auxin- responsive promoter element (AuxRE). Formation of heterodimers with ARF proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. (321 aa) |
| | IAA9 | Auxin-responsive protein IAA9; Aux/IAA proteins are short-lived transcriptional factors that function as repressors of early auxin response genes at low auxin concentrations. Repression is thought to result from the interaction with auxin response factors (ARFs), proteins that bind to the auxin- responsive promoter element (AuxRE). Formation of heterodimers with ARF proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. (338 aa) |
| | IAA13 | Auxin-responsive protein IAA13; Aux/IAA proteins are short-lived transcriptional factors that function as repressors of early auxin response genes at low auxin concentrations. Repression is thought to result from the interaction with auxin response factors (ARFs), proteins that bind to the auxin- responsive promoter element (AuxRE). Formation of heterodimers with ARF proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. (247 aa) |
| | IAA14 | Auxin-responsive protein IAA14; Aux/IAA proteins are short-lived transcriptional factors that function as repressors of early auxin response genes at low auxin concentrations. Repression is thought to result from the interaction with auxin response factors (ARFs), proteins that bind to the auxin- responsive promoter element (AuxRE). Formation of heterodimers with ARF proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. (228 aa) |
| | PLDALPHA1 | Phospholipase D alpha 1; Hydrolyzes glycerol-phospholipids at the terminal phosphodiesteric bond to generate phosphatidic acids (PA). Plays an important role in various cellular processes, including phytohormone action and response to stress, characterized by acidification of the cell. Involved in wound induction of jasmonic acid. May be involved in membrane lipid remodeling. Probably involved in freezing tolerance by modulating the cold-responsive genes and accumulation of osmolytes. Can use phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) as subst [...] (810 aa) |
| | MYC2 | Transcription factor MYC2; Transcriptional activator. Common transcription factor of light, abscisic acid (ABA), and jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathways. With MYC3 and MYC4, controls additively subsets of JA-dependent responses. In cooperation with MYB2 is involved in the regulation of ABA-inducible genes under drought stress conditions. Can form complexes with all known glucosinolate-related MYBs to regulate glucosinolate biosynthesis. Binds to the MYC recognition site (5'-CACATG-3'), and to the G-box (5'-CACNTG-3') and Z-box (5'-ATACGTGT-3') of promoters. Binds directly to the prom [...] (623 aa) |
| | AHA9 | ATPase 9, plasma membrane-type; The plasma membrane H(+) ATPase of plants and fungi generates a proton gradient that drives the active transport of nutrients by H(+)-symport. The resulting external acidification and/or internal alkinization may mediate growth responses; Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type IIIA subfamily. (954 aa) |
| | CYP84A1 | Cytochrome P450 84A1. (520 aa) |
| | UGE1 | Bifunctional UDP-glucose 4-epimerase and UDP-xylose 4-epimerase 1; Catalyzes the interconversion between UDP-glucose and UDP- galactose and the interconversion between UDP-arabinose and UDP-xylose. Plays a role in D-galactose detoxification. (351 aa) |
| | AHA10 | ATPase 10, plasma membrane-type; The plasma membrane H(+) ATPase of plants and fungi generates a proton gradient that drives the active transport of nutrients by H(+)-symport. The resulting external acidification and/or internal alkinization may mediate growth responses; Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type IIIA subfamily. (947 aa) |
| | CSLG1 | Cellulose synthase-like protein G1; Thought to be a Golgi-localized beta-glycan synthase that polymerize the backbones of noncellulosic polysaccharides (hemicelluloses) of plant cell wall. (760 aa) |
| | FLA17 | Fasciclin-like arabinogalactan protein 17; May be a cell surface adhesion protein; Belongs to the fasciclin-like AGP family. (458 aa) |
| | LAC10 | Laccase-10; Lignin degradation and detoxification of lignin-derived products. (558 aa) |
| | WOX8 | WUSCHEL-related homeobox 8; Probable transcription factor, which may be involved in embryonic patterning. May be required for basal embryo development after fertilization. Acts partially redundantly with STIP in promoting embryonic cell division and proliferation. Promotes cotyledon boundary formation by maintaining the symmetry in CUC genes expression domains ; Belongs to the WUS homeobox family. (325 aa) |
| | WOX4 | WUSCHEL-related homeobox 4; Transcription factor which may be involved in developmental processes. (251 aa) |
| | EBF2 | EIN3-binding F-box protein 2; Component of SCF(EBF1) E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes, which may mediate the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (probably including EIN3 and EIL1). Regulator of the ethylene signaling cascade by modulating the stability of EIN3 and EIL1 proteins. (623 aa) |
| | TIFY4A | Protein TIFY 4A; Regulates the arrest of dispersed meristematic cells during lamina development. (313 aa) |
| | CESA4 | Cellulose synthase A catalytic subunit 4 [UDP-forming]; Catalytic subunit of cellulose synthase terminal complexes ('rosettes'), required for beta-1,4-glucan microfibril crystallization, a major mechanism of the cell wall formation. Involved in the secondary cell wall formation. Required for the xylem cell wall thickening. (1049 aa) |
| | PYL9 | Abscisic acid receptor PYL9; Receptor for abscisic acid (ABA) required for ABA-mediated responses such as stomatal closure and germination inhibition. Inhibits the activity of group-A protein phosphatases type 2C (PP2Cs) in an ABA- independent manner but more efficiently when activated by ABA. Confers enhanced sensitivity to ABA. Can be activated only by (+)-ABA but not by (-)-ABA. (187 aa) |
| | RFS1 | Probable galactinol--sucrose galactosyltransferase 1; Transglycosidase operating by a ping-pong reaction mechanism. Involved in the synthesis of raffinose, a major soluble carbohydrate in seeds, roots and tubers (By similarity). (754 aa) |
| | CLE41 | CLAVATA3/ESR (CLE)-related protein 41; Extracellular signal peptide that regulates cell fate. May act with TDR as a ligand-receptor pair in a signal transduction pathway that represses tracheary element differentiation but promotes the formation of procambial cells adjacent to phloem cells in the veins in an auxin-dependent manner. (99 aa) |
| | SGR9 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase SGR9, amyloplastic; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase which accepts ubiquitin from an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in the form of a thioester and then directly transfers the ubiquitin to targeted substrates. Modulates amyloplast dynamics and sedimentation in statocytes during inflorescence, hypocotyl and root gravitropism, probably by regulating amyloplast interaction with actin filaments (AFs) in endodermal cells. (283 aa) |
| | BEE1 | Transcription factor BEE 1; Positive regulator of brassinosteroid signaling. (260 aa) |
| | IQD31 | Protein IQ-DOMAIN 31; Belongs to the IQD family. (587 aa) |
| | IRX14 | Beta-1,4-xylosyltransferase IRX14; Involved in the synthesis of the hemicellulose glucuronoxylan, a major component of secondary cell walls. Involved in the elongation of glucuronoxylan xylosyl backbone. Xylan xylosyltransferase that acts cooperatively with IRX9 to achieve the successive addition of xylosyl residues during xylan backbone elongation. Required for the proper composition and structural properties of released seed coat mucilage. Required for the production of highly branched xylan polymers in seed coat mucilage. Xylan with xylose side chains seems to be necessary for pecti [...] (525 aa) |
| | XTH33 | Probable xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase protein 33; Catalyzes xyloglucan endohydrolysis (XEH) and/or endotransglycosylation (XET). Cleaves and religates xyloglucan polymers, an essential constituent of the primary cell wall, and thereby participates in cell wall construction of growing tissues (By similarity); Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 16 family. XTH group 3 subfamily. (310 aa) |
| | DOF5.4 | Dof zinc finger protein DOF5.4; Transcription factor that binds specifically to a 5'-AA[AG]G- 3' consensus core sequence. Enhances the DNA binding of OBF transcription factors to OCS elements (By similarity). (307 aa) |
| | XTH27 | Probable xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase protein 27; Catalyzes xyloglucan endohydrolysis (XEH) and/or endotransglycosylation (XET). Cleaves and religates xyloglucan polymers, an essential constituent of the primary cell wall, and thereby participates in cell wall construction of growing tissues (By similarity). Required for cell wall modification during the development of tracheary elements; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 16 family. XTH group 3 subfamily. (333 aa) |
| | KAO1 | Ent-kaurenoic acid oxidase 1; Catalyzes three successive oxidations of ent-kaurenoic acid giving gibberellin 12 (GA12), a key step in gibberellins (GAs) biosynthesis. GAs, which are involved many processes, including stem elongation, play a central role in plant development. Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family. (490 aa) |
| | TBL3 | Protein trichome birefringence-like 3; Involved in secondary cell wall cellulose deposition. Required for normal stem development. May act as a bridging protein that binds pectin and other cell wall polysaccharides. Probably involved in maintaining esterification of pectins (By similarity). May be involved in the specific O-acetylation of cell wall polymers (By similarity). (434 aa) |
| | FLA12 | Fasciclin-like arabinogalactan protein 12; May be a cell surface adhesion protein; Belongs to the fasciclin-like AGP family. (249 aa) |
| | FLA11 | Fasciclin-like arabinogalactan protein 11; May be a cell surface adhesion protein. (246 aa) |
| | IQD14 | Protein IQ-DOMAIN 14; May be involved in cooperative interactions with calmodulins or calmodulin-like proteins. May associate with nucleic acids and regulate gene expression at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional level (By similarity); Belongs to the IQD family. (668 aa) |
| | T15N1.80 | Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP], chloroplastic/mitochondrial; May be involved in response to oxidative stresses. Belongs to the isocitrate and isopropylmalate dehydrogenases family. (485 aa) |
| | CESA8 | Cellulose synthase A catalytic subunit 8 [UDP-forming]; Catalytic subunit of cellulose synthase terminal complexes ('rosettes'), required for beta-1,4-glucan microfibril crystallization, a major mechanism of the cell wall formation. Involved in the secondary cell wall formation. Required for the xylem cell wall thickening. (985 aa) |
| | RFS6 | Probable galactinol--sucrose galactosyltransferase 6; Transglycosidase operating by a ping-pong reaction mechanism. Involved in the synthesis of raffinose, a major soluble carbohydrate in seeds, roots and tubers (By similarity). (749 aa) |
| | BZR1 | Protein BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT 1; Transcriptional repressor that binds to the brassinosteroid (BR) response element (BRRE) 5'-CGTG(T/C)G-3' in gene promoter. Regulates positively the brassinosteroid-signaling pathway. Mediates downstream growth responses and negative feedback regulation of brassinosteroid biosynthesis. Promotes growth. Modulates ovule initiation and development by monitoring the expression of genes related to ovule development (e.g. HLL, ANT, and AP2). (336 aa) |
| | UXS4 | UDP-glucuronic acid decarboxylase 4; Catalyzes the NAD-dependent decarboxylation of UDP-glucuronic acid to UDP-xylose. Necessary for the biosynthesis of the core tetrasaccharide in glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis (By similarity). Belongs to the NAD(P)-dependent epimerase/dehydratase family. UDP-glucuronic acid decarboxylase subfamily. (443 aa) |
| | MES10 | Methylesterase 10; Methylesterase shown to have methyl jasmonate (MeJA) esterase activity in vitro. (275 aa) |
| | UXS1 | UDP-glucuronic acid decarboxylase 1; Catalyzes the NAD-dependent decarboxylation of UDP-glucuronic acid to UDP-xylose. Necessary for the biosynthesis of the core tetrasaccharide in glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis. (435 aa) |
| | AOC4 | Allene oxide cyclase 4, chloroplastic; Involved in the production of 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA), a precursor of jasmonic acid; Belongs to the allene oxide cyclase family. (254 aa) |
| | GID1C | Gibberellin receptor GID1C; Functions as soluble gibberellin (GA) receptor. GA is an essential hormone that regulates growth and development in plants. Binds with high affinity the biologically active gibberellin GA4, but has no affinity for the biologically inactive GAs. In response to GA, interacts with specific DELLA proteins, known as repressors of GA- induced growth, and targets them for degradation via proteasome. Seems to be required for GA signaling that controls root growth, seed germination and stem elongation. Partially redundant with GID1A and GID1B; Belongs to the 'GDXG' l [...] (344 aa) |
| | IRX10L | Probable beta-1,4-xylosyltransferase IRX10L; Involved in the synthesis of the hemicellulose glucuronoxylan, a major component of secondary cell walls. Probably involved in the elongation of glucuronoxylan xylosyl backbone. (415 aa) |
| | CLE44 | CLAVATA3/ESR (CLE)-related protein 44; Extracellular signal peptide that regulates cell fate. May act with TDR as a ligand-receptor pair in a signal transduction pathway that represses tracheary element differentiation but promotes the formation of procambial cells adjacent to phloem cells in the veins. (112 aa) |
| | CESA3 | Cellulose synthase A catalytic subunit 3 [UDP-forming]; Catalytic subunit of cellulose synthase terminal complexes ('rosettes'), required for beta-1,4-glucan microfibril crystallization, a major mechanism of the cell wall formation. Involved in the primary cell wall formation, especially in roots. Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 2 family. Plant cellulose synthase subfamily. (1065 aa) |
| | RFS2 | Probable galactinol--sucrose galactosyltransferase 2; Transglycosidase operating by a ping-pong reaction mechanism. Involved in the synthesis of raffinose, a major soluble carbohydrate in seeds, roots and tubers (By similarity); Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolases 36 family. (773 aa) |
| | BEH2 | BES1/BZR1 homolog protein 2. (318 aa) |
| | ERF003 | Ethylene-responsive transcription factor ERF003; Probably acts as a transcriptional activator. Binds to the GCC-box pathogenesis-related promoter element. May be involved in the regulation of gene expression by stress factors and by components of stress signal transduction pathways (By similarity); Belongs to the AP2/ERF transcription factor family. ERF subfamily. (181 aa) |
| | BAK1 | BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1-associated receptor kinase 1; Dual specificity kinase acting on both serine/threonine- and tyrosine-containing substrates. Controls the expression of genes associated with innate immunity in the absence of pathogens or elicitors. Involved in brassinosteroid (BR) signal transduction. Phosphorylates BRI1. May be involved in changing the equilibrium between plasma membrane-located BRI1 homodimers and endocytosed BRI1- BAK1 heterodimers. Interaction with MSBP1 stimulates the endocytosis of BAK1 and suppresses brassinosteroid signaling. Acts in pathogen- associ [...] (615 aa) |
| | CYP74A | Allene oxide synthase, chloroplastic. (518 aa) |
| | AUX1 | Auxin transporter protein 1; Carrier protein involved in proton-driven auxin influx. Mediates the formation of auxin gradient from developing leaves (site of auxin biosynthesis) to tips by contributing to the loading of auxin in vascular tissues and facilitating acropetal (base to tip) auxin transport within inner tissues of the root apex, and basipetal (tip to base) auxin transport within outer tissues of the root apex. Unloads auxin from the mature phloem to deliver the hormone to the root meristem via the protophloem cell files. Coordinated subcellular localization of AUX1 is regula [...] (485 aa) |
| | F1C9.19 | Transferase. (666 aa) |
| | T25K17.30 | Probable caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase At4g26220; Methylates caffeoyl-CoA to feruloyl-CoA and 5- hydroxyferuloyl-CoA to sinapoyl-CoA. Plays a role in the synthesis of feruloylated polysaccharides. Involved in the reinforcement of the plant cell wall. Also involved in the responding to wounding or pathogen challenge by the increased formation of cell wall-bound ferulic acid polymers (By similarity); Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Cation-dependent O-methyltransferase family. CCoAMT subfamily. (232 aa) |
| | NAC030 | NAC domain-containing protein 30; Transcription activator that binds to the secondary wall NAC binding element (SNBE), 5'- (T/A)NN(C/T)(T/C/G)TNNNNNNNA(A/C)GN(A/C/T)(A/T)-3', in the promoter of target genes (e.g. genes involved in secondary wall biosynthesis, cell wall modification such as xylan accumulation, and programmed cell death). Involved in xylem formation in roots and shoots, especially regulating protoxylem vessel differentiation by promoting immature xylem vessel-specific genes expression. Can activate the expression of several genes including XCP1, MYB46, NAC010/SND3, MYB10 [...] (324 aa) |
| | CEL3 | Endoglucanase 9. (484 aa) |
| | CCOAMT | Putative caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase At1g67980; Methylates caffeoyl-CoA to feruloyl-CoA and 5- hydroxyferuloyl-CoA to sinapoyl-CoA. Plays a role in the synthesis of feruloylated polysaccharides. Involved in the reinforcement of the plant cell wall. Also involved in the responding to wounding or pathogen challenge by the increased formation of cell wall-bound ferulic acid polymers (By similarity). (232 aa) |
| | CEL1 | Endoglucanase 8; Required for cellulose formation of the cell wall. Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 9 (cellulase E) family. (492 aa) |
| | LOX6 | Lipoxygenase 6, chloroplastic; Plant lipoxygenases may be involved in a number of diverse aspects of plant physiology including growth and development, pest resistance, and senescence or responses to wounding. Catalyzes the hydroperoxidation of lipids containing a cis,cis-1,4-pentadiene structure (By similarity). 13S-lipoxygenase that can use linolenic acid as substrates. (917 aa) |
| | ERF010 | Ethylene-responsive transcription factor ERF010; Probably acts as a transcriptional activator. Binds to the GCC-box pathogenesis-related promoter element. May be involved in the regulation of gene expression by stress factors and by components of stress signal transduction pathways (By similarity); Belongs to the AP2/ERF transcription factor family. ERF subfamily. (184 aa) |
| | MGN6.20 | Caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase-like protein; Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Cation-independent O-methyltransferase family. (378 aa) |
| | TDR | Leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinase TDR; Acts with CLE41p and CLE44p peptides as a ligand-receptor pair in a signal transduction pathway involved in the regulation of procambium maintenance and polarity during vascular-tissue development. Mediates repression of tracheary element differentiation and the promotion of procambial cells formation and polar division adjacent to phloem cells in the veins; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (1041 aa) |
| | LAC17 | Laccase-17; Lignin degradation and detoxification of lignin-derived products. (577 aa) |
| | BIN4 | DNA-binding protein BIN4; Component of the DNA topoisomerase VI complex. Binds to DNA. Required for chromatin organization and progression of endoreduplication cycles. The loss of BIN4 activates the ATM- and ATR- dependent DNA damage responses in postmitotic cells and induces the ectopic expression of the mitotic G2/M-specific cyclin B1;1 gene in non-dividing cells. (454 aa) |
| | UGD4 | UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase 4; Involved in the biosynthesis of UDP-glucuronic acid (UDP- GlcA), providing nucleotide sugars for cell-wall polymers; Belongs to the UDP-glucose/GDP-mannose dehydrogenase family. (480 aa) |
| | RFS5 | Probable galactinol--sucrose galactosyltransferase 5; Transglycosidase operating by a ping-pong reaction mechanism. Involved in the synthesis of raffinose, a major soluble carbohydrate in seeds, roots and tubers (By similarity); Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolases 36 family. (783 aa) |
| | XRN4 | 5'-3' exoribonuclease 4; Possesses 5'->3' exoribonuclease activity. Acts as an endogenous post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) suppressor. Degrades miRNA target cleavage products that lack a 5'-cap structure. Antagonizes the negative feedback regulation on EIN3 by promoting EBF1 and EBF2 mRNA decay, which consequently allows the accumulation of EIN3 protein to trigger the ethylene response. (947 aa) |
| | F27K7.11 | 3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase; Belongs to the EPSP synthase family. (521 aa) |
| | MES11 | Putative methylesterase 11, chloroplastic; Putative methylesterase; Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily. Methylesterase family. (390 aa) |
| | NAC007 | NAC domain-containing protein 7; Transcription activator that binds to the secondary wall NAC binding element (SNBE), 5'- (T/A)NN(C/T)(T/C/G)TNNNNNNNA(A/C)GN(A/C/T)(A/T)-3', in the promoter of target genes (By similarity). Involved in xylem formation by promoting the expression of secondary wall-associated transcription factors and of genes involved in secondary wall biosynthesis and programmed cell death, genes driven by the secondary wall NAC binding element (SNBE). Triggers thickening of secondary walls. (395 aa) |
| | IQD32 | Protein IQ-DOMAIN 32; Belongs to the IQD family. (794 aa) |
| | GH3.17 | Indole-3-acetic acid-amido synthetase GH3.17; Catalyzes the synthesis of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-amino acid conjugates, providing a mechanism for the plant to cope with the presence of excess auxin. Strongly reactive with Glu, Gln, Trp, Asp, Ala, Leu, Phe, Gly, Tyr, Met, Ile and Val. Appears to favor Glu over Asp while the other GH3 favor Asp over Glu. Little or no product formation with His, Ser, Thr, Arg, Lys, or Cys. Also active on pyruvic and butyric acid analogs of IAA, PAA and the synthetic auxin naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The two chlorinated synthetic auxin herbicides 2,4- [...] (609 aa) |
| | UGD1 | UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase 1; Involved in the biosynthesis of UDP-glucuronic acid (UDP- GlcA), providing nucleotide sugars for cell-wall polymers. (481 aa) |
| | BGAL2 | Beta-galactosidase 2; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 35 family. (727 aa) |
| | LAX1 | Auxin transporter-like protein 1; Carrier protein involved in proton-driven auxin influx. Mediates the formation of auxin gradient from developing leaves (site of auxin biosynthesis) to tips by contributing to the loading of auxin in vascular tissues and facilitating acropetal (base to tip) auxin transport within inner tissues of the root apex, and basipetal (tip to base) auxin transport within outer tissues of the root apex (By similarity). (488 aa) |
| | ABCB19 | ABC transporter B family member 19; Auxin efflux transporter that acts as a negative regulator of light signaling to promote hypocotyl elongation. Mediates the accumulation of chlorophyll and anthocyanin, as well as the expression of genes in response to light. Participates in auxin efflux and thus regulates the polar auxin basipetal transport (from auxin-producing leaves to auxin-sensitive tissues, and from root tips to root elongating zone). Involved in diverse auxin-mediated responses including gravitropism, phototropism and lateral root formation. (1252 aa) |
| | BGLU24 | Beta-glucosidase 24; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 1 family. (533 aa) |
| | BZR2 | Protein BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT 2; Positive regulator of brassinosteroid (BR) signaling. Transcription factor that activates target gene expression by binding specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-CANNTG-3'(E box) through its N- terminal domain. Can bind individually to the promoter as a homodimer or synergistically as a heterodimer with BIM1, BIM2 or BIM3. The C- terminal domain is probably involved in transcriptional activation. Recruits the transcription elongation factor IWS1 to control BR- regulated gene expression. Forms a trimeric complex with IWS1 and ASHH2/SDG8 to regulate BR-reg [...] (335 aa) |
| | GAI | DELLA protein GAI; Transcriptional regulator that acts as a repressor of the gibberellin (GA) signaling pathway. Transcription coactivator of the zinc finger transcription factors GAF1/IDD2 and ENY/IDD1 in regulation of gibberellin homeostasis and signaling. No effect of the BOI proteins on its stability. Probably acts by participating in large multiprotein complexes that repress transcription of GA-inducible genes. Positively regulates XERICO expression. In contrast to RGA, it is less sensitive to GA. Its activity is probably regulated by other phytohormones such as auxin and ethylene [...] (533 aa) |
| | AOC3 | Allene oxide cyclase 3, chloroplastic; Involved in the production of 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA), a precursor of jasmonic acid; Belongs to the allene oxide cyclase family. (258 aa) |
| | AOC2 | Allene oxide cyclase 2, chloroplastic; Involved in the production of 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA), a precursor of jasmonic acid; Belongs to the allene oxide cyclase family. (253 aa) |
| | AOC1 | Allene oxide cyclase 1, chloroplastic; Involved in the production of 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA), a precursor of jasmonic acid; Belongs to the allene oxide cyclase family. (254 aa) |
| | CTL2 | Chitinase-like protein 2; No chitinase activity (By similarity). Required for proper cell wall biosynthesis in etiolated seedlings. Prevents lignin accumulation in hypocotyls; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 19 family. (333 aa) |
| | BGLU13 | Beta-glucosidase 13. (507 aa) |
| | AHA11 | ATPase 11, plasma membrane-type; The plasma membrane H(+) ATPase of plants and fungi generates a proton gradient that drives the active transport of nutrients by H(+)-symport. The resulting external acidification and/or internal alkinization may mediate growth responses (By similarity). Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type IIIA subfamily. (956 aa) |
| | TIFY6B | Protein TIFY 6B; Repressor of jasmonate responses. Jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA- Ile) specifically promotes COI1-TIFY6B/JAZ3 interaction. Acts as a negative regulator of MYC2 function. Feed-back regulated by MYC2. Belongs to the TIFY/JAZ family. (352 aa) |
| | AHA7 | ATPase 7, plasma membrane-type; The plasma membrane H(+) ATPase of plants and fungi generates a proton gradient that drives the active transport of nutrients by H(+)-symport. The resulting external acidification and/or internal alkinization may mediate growth responses (By similarity). Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type IIIA subfamily. (961 aa) |
| | GID1B | Gibberellin receptor GID1B; Functions as soluble gibberellin (GA) receptor. GA is an essential hormone that regulates growth and development in plants. Binds with high affinity the biologically active gibberellin GA4, but has no affinity for the biologically inactive GAs. In response to GA, interacts with specific DELLA proteins, known as repressors of GA- induced growth, and targets them for degradation via proteasome. Seems to be required for GA signaling that controls root growth, seed germination and flower development. May function as a dominant GA receptor at low GA concentration [...] (358 aa) |
| | MLS | Malate synthase; Does not seem to be essential for lipid utilization and gluconeogenesis in seedlings; Belongs to the malate synthase family. (562 aa) |
| | CSLA9 | Glucomannan 4-beta-mannosyltransferase 9; Possesses glucomannan synthase and mannan synthase activities in vitro. Mannan synthase consists of a 4-beta-mannosyltransferase activity on mannan using GDP-mannose. The beta-1,4-mannan product is the backbone for galactomannan synthesis by galactomannan galactosyltransferase. Galactomannan is a noncellulosic polysaccharides of plant cell wall. Required for lateral root development. (533 aa) |
| | AHA8 | ATPase 8, plasma membrane-type; The plasma membrane H(+) ATPase of plants and fungi generates a proton gradient that drives the active transport of nutrients by H(+)-symport. The resulting external acidification and/or internal alkinization may mediate growth responses (By similarity). Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type IIIA subfamily. (948 aa) |
| | ABF4 | ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE 5-like protein 7; Functions as transcriptional activator in the ABA-inducible expression of rd29B. Binds specifically to the ABA-responsive element (ABRE) of the rd29B gene promoter. (431 aa) |
| | BGAL5 | Beta-galactosidase 5. (732 aa) |
| | ERF018 | Ethylene-responsive transcription factor ERF018; Probably acts as a transcriptional activator. Binds to the GCC-box pathogenesis-related promoter element. May be involved in the regulation of gene expression by stress factors and by components of stress signal transduction pathways (By similarity); Belongs to the AP2/ERF transcription factor family. ERF subfamily. (195 aa) |
| | EIN2 | Ethylene-insensitive protein 2; Central factor in signaling pathways regulated by ethylene (ET), and involved in various processes including development, plant defense, senescence, nucleotide sugar flux, and tropisms. Necessary for ethylene-mediated gene regulation, and for the induction of some genes by ozone. Acts downstream of ET receptors, and upstream of ethylene regulated transcription factors. Required for cytokinin-mediated processes. Seems to be implicated in cross-talk between ET, jasmonate and other pathways. Probably not involved in iron uptake. Has a short half-life and un [...] (1294 aa) |
| | BGAL3 | Beta-galactosidase 3. (856 aa) |
| | BGAL1 | Beta-galactosidase 1. (847 aa) |
| | PGMP | Phosphoglucomutase, chloroplastic; This enzyme participates in both the breakdown and synthesis of glucose; Belongs to the phosphohexose mutase family. (623 aa) |
| | IQD1 | Protein IQ-DOMAIN 1; Modulates expression of glucosinolate pathway genes. May associate with nucleic acids and regulate gene expression at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional level. Recruits KLCR1 and calmodulin proteins to microtubules, thus being a potential scaffold in cellular signaling and trafficking. (454 aa) |
| | MES17 | Methylesterase 17; Methylesterase that efficiently and specifically hydrolyzes methyl indole-3-acetic acid (MeIAA) to IAA (auxin). MeIAA is believed to be an inactive form of auxin that needs to be demethylated to exert a biological effect; Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily. Methylesterase family. (276 aa) |
| | PGM2 | Probable phosphoglucomutase, cytoplasmic 2; This enzyme participates in both the breakdown and synthesis of glucose. (585 aa) |
| | AHA6 | ATPase 6, plasma membrane-type; The plasma membrane H(+) ATPase of plants and fungi generates a proton gradient that drives the active transport of nutrients by H(+)-symport. The resulting external acidification and/or internal alkinization may mediate growth responses (By similarity). Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type IIIA subfamily. (949 aa) |
| | FLA6 | Fasciclin-like arabinogalactan protein 6; May be a cell surface adhesion protein; Belongs to the fasciclin-like AGP family. (247 aa) |
| | AHA5 | ATPase 5, plasma membrane-type; The plasma membrane H(+) ATPase of plants and fungi generates a proton gradient that drives the active transport of nutrients by H(+)-symport. The resulting external acidification and/or internal alkinization may mediate growth responses (By similarity). Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type IIIA subfamily. (949 aa) |
| | ERF024 | Ethylene-responsive transcription factor ERF024; Probably acts as a transcriptional activator. Binds to the GCC-box pathogenesis-related promoter element. May be involved in the regulation of gene expression by stress factors and by components of stress signal transduction pathways (By similarity); Belongs to the AP2/ERF transcription factor family. ERF subfamily. (184 aa) |
| | JAR1 | Jasmonoyl--L-amino acid synthetase JAR1; Catalyzes the synthesis of jasmonates-amino acid conjugates by adenylation; can use Ile and, in vitro at least, Val, Leu and Phe as conjugating amino acids on jasmonic acid (JA) and 9,10-dihydro-JA substrates, and to a lower extent, on 3-oxo-2-(2Z-pentenyl)- cyclopentane-1-butyric acid (OPC-4) and 12-hydroxy-JA (12-OH-JA). Can synthesize adenosine 5-tetraphosphate in vitro. Required for the JA- mediated signaling pathway that regulates many developmental and defense mechanisms, including growth root inhibition, vegetative storage proteins (VSPs) [...] (575 aa) |
| | ARF10 | Auxin response factor 10; Auxin response factors (ARFs) are transcriptional factors that bind specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-TGTCTC-3' found in the auxin-responsive promoter elements (AuxREs). Could act as transcriptional activator or repressor. Formation of heterodimers with Aux/IAA proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. (693 aa) |
| | EIL1 | ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 3-like 1 protein; Probable transcription factor acting as a positive regulator in the ethylene response pathway. Could bind the primary ethylene response element present in the ETHYLENE-RESPONSE-FACTOR1 promoter. Belongs to the EIN3 family. (584 aa) |
| | ICDH | Peroxisomal isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP]; May be involved in response to oxidative stresses. Belongs to the isocitrate and isopropylmalate dehydrogenases family. (416 aa) |
| | CICDH | Cytosolic isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP]; May supply 2-oxoglutarate for amino acid biosynthesis and ammonia assimilation via the glutamine synthetase/glutamate synthase (GS/GOGAT) pathway. May be involved in the production of NADPH to promote redox signaling or homeostasis in response to oxidative stress. Belongs to the isocitrate and isopropylmalate dehydrogenases family. (410 aa) |
| | PAL4 | Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 4; This is a key enzyme of plant metabolism catalyzing the first reaction in the biosynthesis from L-phenylalanine of a wide variety of natural products based on the phenylpropane skeleton; Belongs to the PAL/histidase family. (707 aa) |
| | FLA2 | Fasciclin-like arabinogalactan protein 2; May be a cell surface adhesion protein; Belongs to the fasciclin-like AGP family. (403 aa) |
| | AHA4 | ATPase 4, plasma membrane-type; The plasma membrane H(+) ATPase of plants and fungi generates a proton gradient that drives the active transport of nutrients by H(+)-symport. The resulting external acidification and/or internal alkinization may mediate growth responses (By similarity). Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type IIIA subfamily. (960 aa) |
| | CESA7 | Cellulose synthase A catalytic subunit 7 [UDP-forming]; Catalytic subunit of cellulose synthase terminal complexes ('rosettes'), required for beta-1,4-glucan microfibril crystallization, a major mechanism of the cell wall formation. Involved in the secondary cell wall formation. Required for the xylem cell wall thickening. Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 2 family. Plant cellulose synthase subfamily. (1026 aa) |
| | ERF109 | Ethylene-responsive transcription factor ERF109; Probably acts as a transcriptional activator. Binds to the GCC-box pathogenesis-related promoter element. May be involved in the regulation of gene expression by stress factors and by components of stress signal transduction pathways (By similarity). (268 aa) |
| | T5C23.160 | Putative ATPase, plasma membrane-like. (813 aa) |
| | SCL14 | Scarecrow-like protein 14; Probable transcription factor involved in plant development. (769 aa) |
| | CLV3 | Protein CLAVATA 3; Extracellular signal that regulates meristem maintenance. Acts with CLV1 as a ligand-receptor pair in a signal transduction pathway coordinating growth between adjacent meristematic regions and controlling the balance between meristem cell proliferation and differentiation; Belongs to the CLV3/ESR signal peptide family. (96 aa) |
| | IRX9 | Beta-1,4-xylosyltransferase IRX9; Involved in the synthesis of the hemicellulose glucuronoxylan, a major component of secondary cell walls. Xylan xylosyltransferase that acts cooperatively with IRX14 to achieve the successive addition of xylosyl residues during xylan backbone elongation. (351 aa) |
| | IAA27 | Auxin-responsive protein IAA27; Aux/IAA proteins are short-lived transcriptional factors that function as repressors of early auxin response genes at low auxin concentrations. Repression is thought to result from the interaction with auxin response factors (ARFs), proteins that bind to the auxin- responsive promoter element (AuxRE). Formation of heterodimers with ARF proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. (305 aa) |
| | ATHB-15 | Homeobox-leucine zipper protein ATHB-15; Probable transcription factor involved in the regulation of meristem development to promote lateral organ formation. May regulates procambial and vascular tissue formation or maintenance, and vascular development in inflorescence stems; Belongs to the HD-ZIP homeobox family. Class III subfamily. (836 aa) |
| | IRX7 | Probable glucuronoxylan glucuronosyltransferase IRX7; Involved in the synthesis of the hemicellulose glucuronoxylan, a major component of secondary cell walls. Probably involved in the synthesis of the glycosyl sequence at the glucuronoxylan reducing end. Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 47 family. (448 aa) |
| | UXS6 | UDP-glucuronic acid decarboxylase 6; Catalyzes the NAD-dependent decarboxylation of UDP-glucuronic acid to UDP-xylose. Necessary for the biosynthesis of the core tetrasaccharide in glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis (By similarity). (343 aa) |
| | BEH4 | BES1/BZR1 homolog protein 4. (325 aa) |
| | XTH10 | Probable xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase protein 10; Catalyzes xyloglucan endohydrolysis (XEH) and/or endotransglycosylation (XET). Cleaves and religates xyloglucan polymers, an essential constituent of the primary cell wall, and thereby participates in cell wall construction of growing tissues (By similarity); Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 16 family. XTH group 1 subfamily. (299 aa) |
| | SGR6 | Protein SHOOT GRAVITROPISM 6; Involved in inflorescence stems gravitropism, by modulating vacuolar membrane (VMs) dynamics in gravity-sensing cells (e.g. endodermal cells) during the amyloplast sedimentation process. (1716 aa) |
| | GASA11 | Gibberellin-regulated protein 11; Gibberellin-regulated protein that may function in hormonal controlled steps of development such as seed germination, flowering and seed maturation. (94 aa) |
| | ATHB-14 | Homeobox-leucine zipper protein ATHB-14; Probable transcription factor involved in the determination of adaxial-abaxial polarity in ovule primordium. Specifies adaxial leaf fates; Belongs to the HD-ZIP homeobox family. Class III subfamily. (852 aa) |
| | FLA8 | Fasciclin-like arabinogalactan protein 8; May be a cell surface adhesion protein; Belongs to the fasciclin-like AGP family. (420 aa) |
| | F5A9.20 | S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferases superfamily protein. (291 aa) |
