STRINGSTRING
KCS11 KCS11 ECR1 ECR1 KCS17 KCS17 ADH1 ADH1 FAE1 FAE1 CER2 CER2 KCS8 KCS8 FDH FDH KCS2 KCS2 PAS1 PAS1 KCR1 KCR1 PAS2 PAS2 ACT2 ACT2 ACT8 ACT8 KCS5 KCS5 ELP4 ELP4 KCS7 KCS7 KCS20 KCS20 KCS21 KCS21 ELP1-2 ELP1-2 KCR2 KCR2 KCS4 KCS4 KCS3 KCS3 KCS19 KCS19 ECR ECR KCS1 KCS1 AKR2A AKR2A KCS12 KCS12 KCS9 KCS9 KCS14 KCS14 KCS15 KCS15 CER26 CER26 KCS16 KCS16 CUT1 CUT1 HIC HIC
Nodes:
Network nodes represent proteins
splice isoforms or post-translational modifications are collapsed, i.e. each node represents all the proteins produced by a single, protein-coding gene locus.
Node Color
colored nodes:
query proteins and first shell of interactors
white nodes:
second shell of interactors
Node Content
empty nodes:
proteins of unknown 3D structure
filled nodes:
a 3D structure is known or predicted
Edges:
Edges represent protein-protein associations
associations are meant to be specific and meaningful, i.e. proteins jointly contribute to a shared function; this does not necessarily mean they are physically binding to each other.
Known Interactions
from curated databases
experimentally determined
Predicted Interactions
gene neighborhood
gene fusions
gene co-occurrence
Others
textmining
co-expression
protein homology
Your Input:
KCS113-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 11; Active on both saturated and mono-unsaturated acyl chains C16 to C20; Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. Chalcone/stilbene synthases family. (509 aa)
ECR1NEDD8-activating enzyme E1 catalytic subunit; Catalytic subunit of the dimeric ECR1-AXR1 E1 enzyme. E1 activates NEDD8/RUB1 by first adenylating its C-terminal glycine residue with ATP, thereafter linking this residue to the side chain of the catalytic cysteine, yielding a NEDD8-ECR1 thioester and free AMP. E1 finally transfers NEDD8 to the catalytic cysteine of RCE1 (By similarity); Belongs to the ubiquitin-activating E1 family. UBA3 subfamily. (454 aa)
KCS173-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 17; Active on saturated acyl-CoAs up to C22. Mediates the synthesis of VLCFAs from 20 to 26 carbons in length (e.g. C20:1, C20, C24, C26). (487 aa)
ADH1Alcohol dehydrogenase class-P; Alcohol dehydrogenase mostly active on ethanol (EtOH), but exhibits broad substrates selectivity for primary and secondary alcohols (e.g. butanol, propyl alcohol, pentanol, isopentanol, ethylene glycol, isopropanol, methanol and tertiary butyl alcohol). Converts allyl alcohol to highly toxic acryl- aldehyde. Required for survival and acclimation in hypoxic conditions, especially in roots. (379 aa)
FAE13-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 18; Contributes to fatty acids elongation and stockage in developing seeds. Active on both saturated and mono-unsaturated acyl- CoAs of 16 and 18 carbons. Required for the elongation of C18 to C20 and of C20 to C22 fatty acids. Mediates also the synthesis of VLCFAs from 20 to 26 carbons in length (e.g. C20:1, C20, C22:1, C22, C24:1, C24, C26) (Ref.4, Ref.5,. Has no activity with polyunsaturated C18:2 and C18:3 or with acyl-CoAs having 22 carbons or longer chain length. (506 aa)
CER2Protein ECERIFERUM 2; Involved in biosynthesis of the epicuticular wax. Plays a role in very-long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA) biosynthesis and is required for C28 fatty acid elongation in stem. Despite its classification as a BAHD acyltransferase based on sequence homology, CER2 does not seem to share the catalytic mechanism of the members of the BAHD family. (421 aa)
KCS83-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 8. (481 aa)
FDH3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 10; Contributes to cuticular wax and suberin biosynthesis. Prevents the postgenital fusion of epiderm cells in organs in contact, as well as ectopic pollen hydration and germination. Required during ovules formation. May regulate an epidermis-specific developmental program during gynoecial ontogeny. (550 aa)
KCS23-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 2; Mediates the synthesis of VLCFAs from 22 to 26 carbons in length (e.g. C22, C24, C26). Involved in the elongation of C20 fatty acid suberin precursors. Functionally redundant with KCS20 in the two-carbon elongation of C22 fatty acids that is required for cuticular wax and root suberin biosynthesis ; Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. Chalcone/stilbene synthases family. (528 aa)
PAS1Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase PASTICCINO1; PPIases accelerate the folding of proteins. It catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides (By similarity). Essential protein regulating cell division, adhesion and elongation throughout the plant development and embryogenesis. Required for the spatial organization of apical meristems. Involved in the hormonal control of cell division and differentiation mediated by cytokinins and auxin. Regulates the function of NAC089 transcription factor by controlling its targeting to the nucleus upon plant [...] (635 aa)
KCR1Very-long-chain 3-oxoacyl-CoA reductase 1; Beta-ketoacyl-coenzyme A reductase required for the elongation of fatty acids precursors of sphingolipids, triacylglycerols, cuticular waxes and suberin. Responsible for the first reduction step in very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) synthesis. Decreased expression of KCR1 (RNAi) leads to plants with fused vegetative and reproductive organs, and abnormal trichome, epidermal cell and root morphology. Cannot be complemented by KCR2. Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family. (318 aa)
PAS2Very-long-chain (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase PASTICCINO 2; Catalyzes the third of the four reactions of the long-chain fatty acids elongation cycle. This endoplasmic reticulum-bound enzymatic process, allows the addition of two carbons to the chain of long- and very long-chain fatty acids/VLCFAs per cycle. This enzyme catalyzes the dehydration of the 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA intermediate into trans-2,3-enoyl-CoA, within each cycle of fatty acid elongation. Thereby, it participates in the production of VLCFAs of different chain lengths that are involved in multiple biological processes a [...] (221 aa)
ACT2Actin-2; Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility and are ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells. Essential component of cell cytoskeleton; plays an important role in cytoplasmic streaming, cell shape determination, cell division, organelle movement and extension growth. This is considered as one of the vegetative actins. (377 aa)
ACT8Actin-8; Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility and are ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells. Essential component of cell cytoskeleton; plays an important role in cytoplasmic streaming, cell shape determination, cell division, organelle movement and extension growth. This is considered as one of the vegetative actins. (377 aa)
KCS53-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 5; Mediates mostly the synthesis of VLCFAs from 26 to 30 carbons in length (e.g. C20:1, C26, C28, C30). (492 aa)
ELP4Elongator complex protein 4; Component of the RNA polymerase II elongator complex, a multiprotein complex associated with the RNA polymerase II (Pol II) holoenzyme, and which is involved in transcriptional elongation (By similarity). The elongator complex catalyzes formation of carboxymethyluridine in the wobble base at position 34 in tRNAs (By similarity). Promotes organs development by modulating cell division rate. May regulate mechanisms producing carbon assimilates or importing sucrose. Involved in the repression of the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway during seed germination [...] (355 aa)
KCS73-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 7. (460 aa)
KCS203-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 20; Mediates the synthesis of VLCFAs from 22 to 26 carbons in length (e.g. C22, C24, C26). Functionally redundant with KCS2 in the two-carbon elongation of C22 fatty acids that is required for cuticular wax and root suberin biosynthesis ; Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. Chalcone/stilbene synthases family. (529 aa)
KCS21Probable 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 21; Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. Chalcone/stilbene synthases family. (464 aa)
ELP1-2Elongator complex protein 1; Component of the RNA polymerase II elongator complex, a multiprotein complex associated with the RNA polymerase II (Pol II) holoenzyme, and which is involved in transcriptional elongation (By similarity). The elongator complex catalyzes formation of carboxymethyluridine in the wobble base at position 34 in tRNAs (By similarity). Promotes organs development by modulating cell division rate. Required for auxin distribution or signaling. Prevents abscisic acid (ABA) signaling leading to stomatal closure and seedling growth inhibition. Involved in oxidative str [...] (1319 aa)
KCR2Very-long-chain 3-oxoacyl-CoA reductase-like protein At1g24470; Probable reductase, but unlike KCR1, has no beta-ketoacyl- coenzyme A reductase activity. (312 aa)
KCS43-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 4. (516 aa)
KCS33-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 3. (478 aa)
KCS193-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 19. (464 aa)
ECRVery-long-chain enoyl-CoA reductase; Catalyzes the last of the four reactions of the long-chain fatty acids elongation cycle. This endoplasmic reticulum-bound enzymatic process, allows the addition of 2 carbons to the chain of long- and very long-chain fatty acids/VLCFAs per cycle. This enzyme reduces the trans-2,3-enoyl-CoA fatty acid intermediate to an acyl-CoA that can be further elongated by entering a new cycle of elongation. Thereby, it participates in the production of VLCFAs of different chain lengths that are involved in multiple biological processes as precursors of membrane [...] (310 aa)
KCS13-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 1; Contributes to cuticular wax and suberin biosynthesis. Involved in both decarbonylation and acyl-reduction wax synthesis pathways. Elongase condensing enzyme mostly active with saturated fatty acids, especially with 16:0, 16:1, 18:0, and 20:0. Mediates the synthesis of VLCFAs from 20 to 26 carbons in length (e.g. C20:1, C20, C22, C24 and C26); Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. Chalcone/stilbene synthases family. (528 aa)
AKR2AAnkyrin repeat domain-containing protein 2A; Exhibits chaperone activity toward chloroplast outer envelope membrane, mitochondrion outer membrane, endoplasmic reticulum membrane and peroxisomal proteins, by recruiting specific proteins containing a single transmembrane associated with an AKR2A-binding sequence (ABS) and subsequently binding glycolipids (e.g. monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG)) present in the membrane of the target organelle. Seems to be involved in the regulation of hydrogen peroxide levels during biotic and abiotic stresses by optimizing [...] (342 aa)
KCS123-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 12. (476 aa)
KCS93-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 9; Involved in the elongation of C22 to C24 fatty acids, which are precursors for the biosynthesis of cuticular waxes, aliphatic suberins, and membrane lipids, including sphingolipids and phospholipids. (512 aa)
KCS14Probable 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 14. (459 aa)
KCS153-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 15. (451 aa)
CER26Protein ECERIFERUM 26; Involved in biosynthesis of the epicuticular wax. Plays a role in very-long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA) biosynthesis and is required for C30 fatty acid elongation in leaf. Despite its classification as a BAHD acyltransferase based on sequence homology, CER26 does not seem to share the catalytic mechanism of the members of the BAHD family. (428 aa)
KCS163-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 16. (493 aa)
CUT13-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 6; Contributes to cuticular wax and suberin biosynthesis. Involved in both decarbonylation and acyl-reduction wax synthesis pathways. Required for elongation of C24 fatty acids, an essential step of the cuticular wax production. Major condensing enzyme for stem wax and pollen coat lipid biosynthesis. (497 aa)
HIC3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 13; Contributes to cuticular wax and suberin biosynthesis (By similarity). Regulates negatively the stomatal development in elevated CO(2) conditions; Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. Chalcone/stilbene synthases family. (466 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Arabidopsis thaliana
NCBI taxonomy Id: 3702
Other names: A. thaliana, Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh., mouse-ear cress, thale cress, thale-cress
Server load: low (16%) [HD]
STRING is a Core Data Resource as designated by Global Biodata Coalition and ELIXIR.