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MYB52 | Transcription factor MYB52; Transcription factor that confers sensitivity to abscisic acid (ABA) and salt, but tolerance to drought. Regulates secondary cell wall (SCW) biosynthesis, especially in interfascicular and xylary fibers. (249 aa) | ||||
F1C9.19 | Transferase. (666 aa) | ||||
T21H19.40 | Alpha/beta-Hydrolases superfamily protein. (383 aa) | ||||
LNK1 | Protein LNK1; Transcriptional coactivator necessary for expression of the clock genes PRR5 and TOC1. Antagonizes REV8 function in the regulation of anthocyanin accumulation. Involved in red light input to the clock. Activates clock-controlled genes with afternoon peak. Mediates light inhibition of hypocotyl elongation. (616 aa) | ||||
B3H7M7_ARATH | Corepressor. (170 aa) | ||||
GSO1 | LRR receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase GSO1; Together with GSO2, receptor-like serine/threonine-kinase required during the development of the epidermal surface in embryos and cotyledons. In coordination with GSO2, regulates root growth through control of cell division and cell fate specification. Controls seedling root growth by modulating sucrose response after germination. Receptor of the peptide hormones CIF1 and CIF2 required for contiguous Casparian strip diffusion barrier formation in roots. Required for localizing CASP proteins into the Casparian strip following an un [...] (1249 aa) | ||||
F5A9.20 | S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferases superfamily protein. (291 aa) | ||||
F4IZK0_ARATH | Alpha/beta-Hydrolases superfamily protein. (348 aa) | ||||
LNK2 | Protein LNK2; Transcriptional coactivator necessary for expression of the clock genes PRR5 and TOC1. Antagonizes REV8 function in the regulation of anthocyanin accumulation. Involved in red light input to the clock. Activates clock-controlled genes with afternoon peak. Mediates light inhibition of hypocotyl elongation. Unable to bind to DNA, but recruited to the evening element (EE)-containing region of the PRR5 and TOC1 promoters through its interaction with the DNA binding proteins REV8 and REV4. (663 aa) | ||||
CYP98A3 | Cytochrome P450 98A3; Cytochrome P450 which catalyzes 3'-hydroxylation of p- coumaric esters of shikimic/quinic acids to form lignin monomers. Can use p-coumarate, p-coumaraldehyde, p-coumaroyl methyl ester, 5-O-(4- coumaroyl) D-quinate and 5-O-(4-coumaroyl) shikimate as substrates, but not p-coumaryl alcohol, p-coumaroyl CoA, 1-O-p-coumaroyl-beta-D- glucose, p-hydroxy-cinnamyl alcohol, cinnamate, caffeate or ferulate. Has a weak activity on tri(p-coumaroyl)spermidine, but none on triferuloylspermidine. Hydroxylates preferentially the 5-O-isomer, but can also convert the 4-O- and 3-O-i [...] (508 aa) | ||||
F17A22.2 | Alpha/beta-Hydrolases superfamily protein. (351 aa) | ||||
MYB12 | Transcription factor MYB12; Flavonol-specific transcription activator involved in the regulation of several genes of flavonoid biosynthesis. Activates the expression of CHS, CHI, F3H and FLS1. Controls flavonol biosynthesis mainly in the root. Confers tolerance to UV-B. (371 aa) | ||||
CAD5 | Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase 5; Involved in lignin biosynthesis in the floral stem. Catalyzes the final step specific for the production of lignin monomers. Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of coniferaldehyde, 5- hydroxyconiferaldehyde, sinapaldehyde, 4-coumaraldehyde and caffeyl aldehyde to their respective alcohols. (357 aa) | ||||
CCOAOMT1 | Caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase 1; Methylates caffeoyl-CoA to feruloyl-CoA. Has a very low activity with caffeic acid and esculetin. Involved in scopoletin biosynthesis in roots; Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Cation-dependent O-methyltransferase family. CCoAMT subfamily. (259 aa) | ||||
MYB32 | Transcription factor MYB32. (274 aa) | ||||
NAC076 | NAC domain-containing protein 76; Transcription activator that binds to the secondary wall NAC binding element (SNBE), 5'- (T/A)NN(C/T)(T/C/G)TNNNNNNNA(A/C)GN(A/C/T)(A/T)-3', in the promoter of target genes (By similarity). Involved in xylem formation by promoting the expression of secondary wall-associated transcription factors and of genes involved in secondary wall biosynthesis and programmed cell death, genes driven by the secondary wall NAC binding element (SNBE). Triggers thickening of secondary walls. Belongs to the plant vascular related NAC-domain protein family. (377 aa) | ||||
CAD6 | Probable cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase 6; Involved in lignin biosynthesis. Catalyzes the final step specific for the production of lignin monomers. Catalyzes the NADPH- dependent reduction of coniferaldehyde, 5-hydroxyconiferaldehyde, sinapaldehyde, 4-coumaraldehyde and caffeyl aldehyde to their respective alcohols; Belongs to the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family. (363 aa) | ||||
IRX12 | Laccase-4; Lignin degradation and detoxification of lignin-derived products (By similarity). Required for secondary xylem cell wall lignification; Belongs to the multicopper oxidase family. (558 aa) | ||||
PAL1 | Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 1; This is a key enzyme of plant metabolism catalyzing the first reaction in the biosynthesis from L-phenylalanine of a wide variety of natural products based on the phenylpropane skeleton; Belongs to the PAL/histidase family. (725 aa) | ||||
PAL2 | Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 2; This is a key enzyme of plant metabolism catalyzing the first reaction in the biosynthesis from L-phenylalanine of a wide variety of natural products based on the phenylpropane skeleton; Belongs to the PAL/histidase family. (717 aa) | ||||
CAD4 | Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase 4; Involved in lignin biosynthesis in the floral stem. Catalyzes the final step specific for the production of lignin monomers. Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of coniferaldehyde, 5- hydroxyconiferaldehyde, sinapaldehyde, 4-coumaraldehyde and caffeyl aldehyde to their respective alcohols; Belongs to the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family. (365 aa) | ||||
ABI1 | Protein phosphatase 2C 56; Key component and repressor of the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway that regulates numerous ABA responses, such as stomatal closure, osmotic water permeability of the plasma membrane (Pos), drought-induced resistance and rhizogenesis, response to glucose, high light stress, seed germination and inhibition of vegetative growth. During the stomatal closure regulation, modulates the inward calcium-channel permeability as well as the actin reorganization in guard cells in response to ABA. Involved in the resistance to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syrin [...] (434 aa) | ||||
CYP73A5 | Trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase; Controls carbon flux to pigments essential for pollination or UV protection, to numerous pytoalexins synthesized by plants when challenged by pathogens, and to lignins. (505 aa) | ||||
CAD7 | Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase 7; Involved in lignin biosynthesis. Catalyzes the final step specific for the production of lignin monomers. Catalyzes the NADPH- dependent reduction of coniferaldehyde, 5-hydroxyconiferaldehyde, sinapaldehyde, 4-coumaraldehyde and caffeyl aldehyde to their respective alcohols; Belongs to the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family. (357 aa) | ||||
CAD8 | Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase 8; Involved in lignin biosynthesis. Catalyzes the final step specific for the production of lignin monomers. Catalyzes the NADPH- dependent reduction of coniferaldehyde, 5-hydroxyconiferaldehyde, sinapaldehyde, 4-coumaraldehyde and caffeyl aldehyde to their respective alcohols. (359 aa) | ||||
EARLI1 | Lipid transfer protein EARLI 1; Probable lipid transfer protein (LTP). May improve freezing survival. Seems to control the flowering process and lignin synthesis. Has an auxiliary role for germinability and early seedling development under low temperature and salt stress conditions, probably in an abscisic acid- (ABA) dependent manner. Confers resistance to Botrytis cinerea and exhibits anti-fungal activity, at least against S.cerevisiae, B. cinerea and Fusarium oxysporum, probably by increasing their membrane permeability. Belongs to the plant LTP family. PEARLI1 subfamily. (168 aa) | ||||
SRK2D | Serine/threonine-protein kinase SRK2D; Together with SRK2I, key component and activator of the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway that regulates numerous ABA responses, such as seed germination, Pro accumulation, root growth inhibition, dormancy and seedling growth, and, to a lesser extent, stomatal closure; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (362 aa) | ||||
SRK2I | Serine/threonine-protein kinase SRK2I; Together with SRK2D, key component and activator of the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway that regulates numerous ABA responses, such as seed germination, Pro accumulation, root growth inhibition, dormancy and seedling growth, and, to a lesser extent, stomatal closure. (361 aa) | ||||
MYB7 | Transcription factor MYB7; Transcription factor involved in the negative regulation of flavonol biosynthesis. Represses the early phenylpropanoid genes, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H) and 4- coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL), as well as the flavonoid-specific genes, flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H) and dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR). Plays a role in seed germination inhibition. Negatively regulates the expression of the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling transcription factor ABI5 in seeds. (269 aa) | ||||
4CL1 | 4-coumarate--CoA ligase 1; Produces CoA thioesters of a variety of hydroxy- and methoxy- substituted cinnamic acids, which are used to synthesize several phenylpropanoid-derived compounds, including anthocyanins, flavonoids, isoflavonoids, coumarins, lignin, suberin and wall-bound phenolics; Belongs to the ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family. (561 aa) | ||||
CYP84A1 | Cytochrome P450 84A1. (520 aa) | ||||
LAC10 | Laccase-10; Lignin degradation and detoxification of lignin-derived products. (558 aa) | ||||
MYB63 | Transcription factor MYB63; Transcriptional activator that binds DNA to the AC cis- elements 5'-ACCTACC-3', 5'-ACCAACC-3' and 5'-ACCTAAC-3' of promoters and specifically activates lignin biosynthetic genes during secondary wall formation mediated by SND1. (294 aa) | ||||
CESA4 | Cellulose synthase A catalytic subunit 4 [UDP-forming]; Catalytic subunit of cellulose synthase terminal complexes ('rosettes'), required for beta-1,4-glucan microfibril crystallization, a major mechanism of the cell wall formation. Involved in the secondary cell wall formation. Required for the xylem cell wall thickening. (1049 aa) | ||||
NAC043 | NAC domain-containing protein 43; Transcription activator of genes involved in biosynthesis of secondary walls. Together with NST2 and NST3, required for the secondary cell wall thickening of sclerenchymatous fibers, secondary xylem (tracheary elements), and of the anther endocethium, which is necessary for anther dehiscence. May also regulate the secondary cell wall lignification of other tissues. (365 aa) | ||||
NAC104 | NAC domain-containing protein 104; Probable transcription factor that influences tracheary elements and xylem development by negatively regulating secondary cell wall fiber synthesis and programmed cell death. (187 aa) | ||||
MYB86 | Transcription factor MYB86; Probable transcription factor. (352 aa) | ||||
CESA8 | Cellulose synthase A catalytic subunit 8 [UDP-forming]; Catalytic subunit of cellulose synthase terminal complexes ('rosettes'), required for beta-1,4-glucan microfibril crystallization, a major mechanism of the cell wall formation. Involved in the secondary cell wall formation. Required for the xylem cell wall thickening. (985 aa) | ||||
F12L6.8 | Alpha/beta-Hydrolases superfamily protein. (317 aa) | ||||
LAC11 | Laccase-11; Lignin degradation and detoxification of lignin-derived products. (557 aa) | ||||
SRK2E | Serine/threonine-protein kinase SRK2E; Activator of the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway that regulates numerous ABA responses, such as stomata closure in response to drought, darkness, high CO(2), plant pathogens, or decreases in atmospheric relative humidity (RH). Involved in the resistance to drought by avoiding water loss. Required for the stomata closure mediated by pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs) (e.g. flg22 and LPS) of pathogenic bacteria such as P.syringae pv. tomato (Pst) and E.coli O157:H7. As a plant defense process, stomata are closed transiently in order [...] (362 aa) | ||||
MYB85 | Myb family transcription factor. (266 aa) | ||||
T25K17.30 | Probable caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase At4g26220; Methylates caffeoyl-CoA to feruloyl-CoA and 5- hydroxyferuloyl-CoA to sinapoyl-CoA. Plays a role in the synthesis of feruloylated polysaccharides. Involved in the reinforcement of the plant cell wall. Also involved in the responding to wounding or pathogen challenge by the increased formation of cell wall-bound ferulic acid polymers (By similarity); Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Cation-dependent O-methyltransferase family. CCoAMT subfamily. (232 aa) | ||||
MYB83 | Transcription factor MYB83; Transcription factor that acts as molecular switch in the NAC012/SND1-mediated transcriptional network regulating secondary wall biosynthesis. Is directly activated by NAC012/SND1 and its close homologs, including NAC043/NST1, NAC066/NST2, NAC101/VND6 and NAC030/VND7. Is required for functional expression of a number of secondary wall-associated transcription factors and secondary wall biosynthetic genes involved in cellulose, xylan and lignin synthesis. Functions redundantly with MYB46 in the transcriptional regulatory cascade leading to secondary wall form [...] (343 aa) | ||||
MYB20 | Transcription factor MYB20; Transcription factor that acts as positive regulator of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling in response to salt stress. Acts as negative regulator ABI1, ABI2 and PP2CA, which are protein phosphatases 2C acting as negative regulator of ABA signaling. Binds to the DNA specific sequence and core element 5'-ACGT-3' found in the promoters of ABI1 and PP2CA to negatively regulate their expression during ABA- dependent salt stress response. (282 aa) | ||||
NAC030 | NAC domain-containing protein 30; Transcription activator that binds to the secondary wall NAC binding element (SNBE), 5'- (T/A)NN(C/T)(T/C/G)TNNNNNNNA(A/C)GN(A/C/T)(A/T)-3', in the promoter of target genes (e.g. genes involved in secondary wall biosynthesis, cell wall modification such as xylan accumulation, and programmed cell death). Involved in xylem formation in roots and shoots, especially regulating protoxylem vessel differentiation by promoting immature xylem vessel-specific genes expression. Can activate the expression of several genes including XCP1, MYB46, NAC010/SND3, MYB10 [...] (324 aa) | ||||
CSE | Caffeoylshikimate esterase; Esterase involved in the biosynthesis of lignin. Hydrolyzes caffeoylshikimate into caffeate and shikimate. Together with 4- coumarate--CoA ligase (4CL), acts on an alternative reaction for the formation of caffeoyl-CoA and bypasses the second reaction of shikimate O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (HST). Accepts also 4-coumaroylshikimate as substrate, but with lower activity. According to and posseses monoacylglycerol O-acyltransferase, monoacylglycerol lipase and lysophospholipase activities in vitro. With the association of ACBP2, may promote the degradation o [...] (332 aa) | ||||
CCOAMT | Putative caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase At1g67980; Methylates caffeoyl-CoA to feruloyl-CoA and 5- hydroxyferuloyl-CoA to sinapoyl-CoA. Plays a role in the synthesis of feruloylated polysaccharides. Involved in the reinforcement of the plant cell wall. Also involved in the responding to wounding or pathogen challenge by the increased formation of cell wall-bound ferulic acid polymers (By similarity). (232 aa) | ||||
NAC105 | NAC domain-containing protein 105; Transcription activator that binds to the secondary wall NAC binding element (SNBE), 5'- (T/A)NN(C/T)(T/C/G)TNNNNNNNA(A/C)GN(A/C/T)(A/T)-3', in the promoter of target genes (By similarity). Involved in xylem formation by promoting the expression of secondary wall-associated transcription factors and of genes involved in secondary wall biosynthesis and programmed cell death, genes driven by the secondary wall NAC binding element (SNBE). Triggers thickening of secondary walls. (292 aa) | ||||
K24M7.12 | VASCULAR-RELATED NAC-DOMAIN 6. (268 aa) | ||||
HST-2 | Shikimate O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase; Acyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of lignin. Accepts caffeoyl-CoA and p- coumaroyl-CoA as substrates and transfers the acyl group on both shikimate and quinate acceptors. (433 aa) | ||||
MYB111 | Transcription factor MYB111; Flavonol-specific transcription activator involved in the regulation of several genes of flavonoid biosynthesis. Activates the expression of CHS, CHI, F3H and FLS1. Controls flavonol biosynthesis primarily in cotyledons and leaves. Confers tolerance to UV-B. (342 aa) | ||||
LAC17 | Laccase-17; Lignin degradation and detoxification of lignin-derived products. (577 aa) | ||||
MYB36 | Transcription factor MYB36; Transcription factors that activates genes required for endodermal differentiation but represses genes involved in proliferative divisions, thus regulating the transition from proliferation to differentiation in root endodermis. Required for Casparian strip formation by positively regulating the expression of the Casparian strip genes CASP1, PER64 and ESB1 and other endodermis-specific genes, thus triggering correct localized lignin biosynthesis in root endodermis and subsequently regulating global ion homeostasis. (333 aa) | ||||
LAC12 | Laccase-12; Lignin degradation and detoxification of lignin-derived products. (565 aa) | ||||
E2FC | Transcription factor E2FC; Involved in transcriptional repression. May act by repressing E2F-regulated genes in mature differentiated cells, but is not an antagonist of E2FA. Restricts cell division and is involved in the coordination between cell proliferation and endoreduplication during development. May play a role during the transition from skotomorphogenesis to photomorphogenesis. Regulated by phosphorylation- dependent proteolysis via the protein-ubiquitin ligase SCF(SKP2A) complex. Belongs to the E2F/DP family. (396 aa) | ||||
F2P24.13 | Alpha/beta-Hydrolases superfamily protein. (382 aa) | ||||
MYB54 | Transcription factor MYB54; Transcription factor that regulates secondary cell wall (SCW) biosynthesis, especially in interfascicular and xylary fibers. (243 aa) | ||||
MYB21 | Transcription factor MYB21; Transcription factor involved in photomorphogenesis in the light. May act downstream of the light receptor network and directly affects transcription of light-induced genes. In darkness, its probable degradation prevent the activation of light-induced genes. Required to activate expression of PAL. Acts redundantly with MYB24 and MYB57 to control stamen filament elongation in the late developed flowers. Contributes with MYB24 to induction of MYB108 by jasmonate. Repressed at the transcript levels by DELLA proteins. (226 aa) | ||||
RBR1 | Retinoblastoma-related protein 1; Key regulator of entry into cell division. Acts as a transcription repressor of E2F target genes, whose activity is required for progress from the G1 to the S phase of the cell cycle. Hyperphosphorylation by CDKA-1 prevents the binding to E2F transcription factors, allowing G1 to S phase transition to operate. Forms a stable complex with E2FA that functions in maintaining cell proliferation through repression of cell differentiation. Plays a central role in the mechanism controlling meristem cell differentiation, cell fate establishment and cell fate m [...] (1013 aa) | ||||
NAC012 | NAC domain-containing protein 12; Transcriptional activator of genes involved in biosynthesis of secondary walls. Together with NST1, required for the secondary cell wall thickening and lignification of sclerenchymatous fibers and secondary xylem vessels (tracheary elements). Seems to repress the secondary cell wall thickening of xylary fibers. May also regulate the secondary cell wall lignification of other tissues. Binds to and activates the promoter of MYB46. (358 aa) | ||||
4CL4 | 4-coumarate--CoA ligase 4; Produces CoA thioesters of a variety of hydroxy- and methoxy- substituted cinnamic acids, which are used to synthesize several phenylpropanoid-derived compounds, including anthocyanins, flavonoids, isoflavonoids, coumarins, lignin, suberin and wall-bound phenolics. (570 aa) | ||||
MYB46 | Transcription factor MYB46; Transcription activator. Involved in the regulation of secondary wall biosynthesis in fibers and vessels. Transcription activator of the mannan synthase CSLA9 that recognizes and binds to the DNA consensus sequence 5'-[AG][GT]T[AT]GGT[GA]-3' cis- regulatory element of CSLA9 promoter. Transcription factor that acts as molecular switch in the NAC012/SND1-mediated transcriptional network regulating secondary wall biosynthesis. Is directly activated by NAC012/SND1. Functions redundantly with MYB83 in the transcriptional regulatory cascade leading to secondary wa [...] (280 aa) | ||||
MYB11 | Transcription factor MYB11; Modulates overall growth by reducing the proliferation activity of meristematic cells and delaying development. Flavonol-specific transcription activator involved in the regulation of several genes of flavonoid biosynthesis. Activates the expression of CHS, CHI, F3H and FLS1. Confers tolerance to UV-B. (343 aa) | ||||
NAC066 | NAC domain-containing protein 66; Transcription activator of genes involved in biosynthesis of secondary walls. Together with NST1, required for the secondary cell wall thickening of the anther endocethium, which is necessary for anther dehiscence. May also regulate the secondary cell wall lignification of other tissues such as tracheary elements. (334 aa) | ||||
T26I12.60 | Alpha/beta-Hydrolases superfamily protein. (312 aa) | ||||
MYB3 | Transcription factor MYB3. (257 aa) | ||||
CCR1-2 | Cinnamoyl-CoA reductase 1; Involved in the latter stages of lignin biosynthesis. Catalyzes one of the last steps of monolignol biosynthesis, the conversion of cinnamoyl-CoAs into their corresponding cinnamaldehydes. (344 aa) | ||||
MYB58 | Transcription factor MYB58; Transcriptional activator that binds DNA to the AC cis- elements 5'-ACCTACC-3', 5'-ACCAACC-3' and 5'-ACCTAAC-3' of promoters and specifically activates lignin biosynthetic genes during secondary wall formation mediated by SND1. (274 aa) | ||||
CCR2-2 | Cinnamoyl-CoA reductase 2; Cinnamoyl-CoA reductase probably involved in the formation of phenolic compounds associated with the hypersensitive response. Seems not to be involved in lignin biosynthesis. Belongs to the NAD(P)-dependent epimerase/dehydratase family. Dihydroflavonol-4-reductase subfamily. (332 aa) | ||||
DIR10 | Dirigent protein 10; Dirigent proteins impart stereoselectivity on the phenoxy radical-coupling reaction, yielding optically active lignans from two molecules of coniferyl alcohol in the biosynthesis of lignans, flavonolignans, and alkaloids and thus plays a central role in plant secondary metabolism (By similarity). Regulates suberin accumulation in roots. (447 aa) | ||||
LAC5 | Laccase-5; Lignin degradation and detoxification of lignin-derived products. (580 aa) | ||||
MYB42 | Putative transcription factor. (286 aa) | ||||
MYB43 | Putative transcription factor. (327 aa) | ||||
CESA7 | Cellulose synthase A catalytic subunit 7 [UDP-forming]; Catalytic subunit of cellulose synthase terminal complexes ('rosettes'), required for beta-1,4-glucan microfibril crystallization, a major mechanism of the cell wall formation. Involved in the secondary cell wall formation. Required for the xylem cell wall thickening. Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 2 family. Plant cellulose synthase subfamily. (1026 aa) | ||||
MYB4 | Transcription repressor MYB4; Transcription repressor involved in regulation of protection against UV. Mediates transcriptional repression of CYP73A5, the gene encoding trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase, thereby regulating the accumulation of the UV-protectant compound sinapoylmalate. (282 aa) |