Phosphotransferase.

4-alpha-glucanotransferase DPE1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic; Chloroplastic alpha-glucanotransferase involved in maltotriose metabolism. Probably uses maltotriose as substrate to transfer a maltosyl unit from one molecule to another, resulting in glucose and maltopentaose. The latter can then be further metabolized to maltose and maltotriose by beta-amylase. Required for normal starch degradation in leaves; Belongs to the disproportionating enzyme family.

Phosphotransferase.

4-alpha-glucanotransferase DPE2; Cytosolic alpha-glucanotransferase essential for the cytosolic metabolism of maltose, an intermediate on the pathway by which starch is converted to sucrose in leaves at night. Metabolizes maltose exported from the chloroplast and is specific for beta-maltose. May play a role in freezing tolerance. Temperature drop induces inactivation of DPE2 that leads to rapid accumulation of maltose, a solute that protects cells from freezing damage. Belongs to the disproportionating enzyme family.

Phosphotransferase.

Granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic; Required for the synthesis of amylose. Destroyed as it is released from the starch granules during the night. The circadian expression is controlled by CCA1 and LHY transcription factors.

Phosphotransferase.

Isoamylase 3, chloroplastic; Involved in starch catabolism. ISA3 removes different branches than ISA1-ISA2, namely short chains that prevent amylopectin crystallization. May be the debranching enzyme required to assist beta- amylases for starch degradation in leaves at night. Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 13 family.

Phosphotransferase.

Maltose excess protein 1, chloroplastic; Probable maltose transporter. Essential for the conversion of starch to sucrose in leaves at night, probably via the export of maltose from the chloroplast. Required for root cap cells formation.

Phosphotransferase.

Plastidic glucose transporter 4; May be involved in the efflux of glucose towards the cytosol. Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Sugar transporter (TC 2.A.1.1) family.

Phosphotransferase.

Probable phosphoglucomutase, cytoplasmic 2; This enzyme participates in both the breakdown and synthesis of glucose.

Phosphotransferase.

Probable phosphoglucomutase, cytoplasmic 1; This enzyme participates in both the breakdown and synthesis of glucose; Belongs to the phosphohexose mutase family.

Phosphotransferase.

Phosphoglucomutase, chloroplastic; This enzyme participates in both the breakdown and synthesis of glucose; Belongs to the phosphohexose mutase family.

Phosphotransferase.

Alpha-glucan phosphorylase 2, cytosolic; Phosphorylase is an important allosteric enzyme in carbohydrate metabolism. Enzymes from different sources differ in their regulatory mechanisms and in their natural substrates. However, all known phosphorylases share catalytic and structural properties (By similarity).

Phosphotransferase.

1,4-alpha-glucan-branching enzyme 3, chloroplastic/amyloplastic; Catalyzes the formation of the alpha-1,6-glucosidic linkages in starch by scission of a 1,4-alpha-linked oligosaccharide from growing alpha-1,4-glucan chains and the subsequent attachment of the oligosaccharide to the alpha-1,6 position. Essential during embryogenesis; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 13 family. GlgB subfamily.

Hexokinase-4; Fructose and glucose phosphorylating enzyme (By similarity). May be involved in the phosphorylation of glucose during the export from mitochondrion to cytosol (By similarity).

4-alpha-glucanotransferase DPE1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic; Chloroplastic alpha-glucanotransferase involved in maltotriose metabolism. Probably uses maltotriose as substrate to transfer a maltosyl unit from one molecule to another, resulting in glucose and maltopentaose. The latter can then be further metabolized to maltose and maltotriose by beta-amylase. Required for normal starch degradation in leaves; Belongs to the disproportionating enzyme family.

Hexokinase-4; Fructose and glucose phosphorylating enzyme (By similarity). May be involved in the phosphorylation of glucose during the export from mitochondrion to cytosol (By similarity).

4-alpha-glucanotransferase DPE2; Cytosolic alpha-glucanotransferase essential for the cytosolic metabolism of maltose, an intermediate on the pathway by which starch is converted to sucrose in leaves at night. Metabolizes maltose exported from the chloroplast and is specific for beta-maltose. May play a role in freezing tolerance. Temperature drop induces inactivation of DPE2 that leads to rapid accumulation of maltose, a solute that protects cells from freezing damage. Belongs to the disproportionating enzyme family.

Hexokinase-4; Fructose and glucose phosphorylating enzyme (By similarity). May be involved in the phosphorylation of glucose during the export from mitochondrion to cytosol (By similarity).

Granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic; Required for the synthesis of amylose. Destroyed as it is released from the starch granules during the night. The circadian expression is controlled by CCA1 and LHY transcription factors.

Hexokinase-4; Fructose and glucose phosphorylating enzyme (By similarity). May be involved in the phosphorylation of glucose during the export from mitochondrion to cytosol (By similarity).

Hexokinase-3; Fructose and glucose phosphorylating enzyme (By similarity). May be involved in the phosphorylation of glucose during the export from mitochondrion to cytosol (By similarity).

Hexokinase-4; Fructose and glucose phosphorylating enzyme (By similarity). May be involved in the phosphorylation of glucose during the export from mitochondrion to cytosol (By similarity).

Probable hexokinase-like 2 protein; Fructose and glucose phosphorylating enzyme.

Hexokinase-4; Fructose and glucose phosphorylating enzyme (By similarity). May be involved in the phosphorylation of glucose during the export from mitochondrion to cytosol (By similarity).

Hexokinase-1; Fructose and glucose phosphorylating enzyme. May be involved in the phosphorylation of glucose during the export from mitochondrion to cytosol. Acts as sugar sensor which may regulate sugar-dependent gene repression or activation. Mediates the effects of sugar on plant growth and development independently of its catalytic activity or the sugar metabolism. May regulate the execution of program cell death in plant cells. Promotes roots and leaves growth. Belongs to the hexokinase family.

Hexokinase-4; Fructose and glucose phosphorylating enzyme (By similarity). May be involved in the phosphorylation of glucose during the export from mitochondrion to cytosol (By similarity).

Hexokinase-2; Fructose and glucose phosphorylating enzyme. May be involved in the phosphorylation of glucose during the export from mitochondrion to cytosol. Acts as sugar sensor which may regulate sugar-dependent gene repression or activation. Mediates the effects of sugar on plant growth and development independently of its catalytic activity or the sugar metabolism. May regulate the execution of program cell death in plant cells ; Belongs to the hexokinase family.

Hexokinase-4; Fructose and glucose phosphorylating enzyme (By similarity). May be involved in the phosphorylation of glucose during the export from mitochondrion to cytosol (By similarity).

Hexokinase-like 1 protein; Fructose and glucose phosphorylating enzyme. Belongs to the hexokinase family.

Hexokinase-4; Fructose and glucose phosphorylating enzyme (By similarity). May be involved in the phosphorylation of glucose during the export from mitochondrion to cytosol (By similarity).

Isoamylase 3, chloroplastic; Involved in starch catabolism. ISA3 removes different branches than ISA1-ISA2, namely short chains that prevent amylopectin crystallization. May be the debranching enzyme required to assist beta- amylases for starch degradation in leaves at night. Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 13 family.