Accelerated cell death 11; Exhibits selective intermembrane transfer of ceramide-1- phosphate (C1P) and phytoceramide-1-phosphate. Does not transport ceramide (Cer) or GalCer, suggesting a requirement for phosphate in the headgroup for functionality. Transports in vitro sphingosine, but not glycosphigolipids. Has also some in vitro activity with sphingomyelin, a lipid not detected in plant tissues. The transport function may be not directly involved in regulating cell death. Rather, perturbations in the function of ACD11 or related components could be monitored by R-proteins, which the [...]

Protein ACCELERATED CELL DEATH 6; Dose-dependent activator of the defense response against virulent pathogens, including bacteria, fungi and oomycetes, that acts in a positive feedback loop with the defense signal salicylic acid (SA). Regulates the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway leading to cell death and modulating cell fate (e.g. cell enlargement and/or cell division). In response to SA signaling, triggers the accumulation of FLS2 at the plasma membrane, thus priming defenses. Involved in SA-dependent freezing signaling and tolerance.

Accelerated cell death 11; Exhibits selective intermembrane transfer of ceramide-1- phosphate (C1P) and phytoceramide-1-phosphate. Does not transport ceramide (Cer) or GalCer, suggesting a requirement for phosphate in the headgroup for functionality. Transports in vitro sphingosine, but not glycosphigolipids. Has also some in vitro activity with sphingomyelin, a lipid not detected in plant tissues. The transport function may be not directly involved in regulating cell death. Rather, perturbations in the function of ACD11 or related components could be monitored by R-proteins, which the [...]

Disease resistance protein ADR1; Disease resistance (R) protein that mediates resistance against Hyaloperonospora parasitica in a salicylic acid-dependent manner. Also mediates resistance against Erysiphe cichoracearum is both salicylic acid-dependent and partially NPR1-dependent. Resistance proteins guard the plant against pathogens that contain an appropriate avirulence protein via an indirect interaction with this avirulence protein. That triggers a defense system including the hypersensitive response, which restricts the pathogen growth.

Accelerated cell death 11; Exhibits selective intermembrane transfer of ceramide-1- phosphate (C1P) and phytoceramide-1-phosphate. Does not transport ceramide (Cer) or GalCer, suggesting a requirement for phosphate in the headgroup for functionality. Transports in vitro sphingosine, but not glycosphigolipids. Has also some in vitro activity with sphingomyelin, a lipid not detected in plant tissues. The transport function may be not directly involved in regulating cell death. Rather, perturbations in the function of ACD11 or related components could be monitored by R-proteins, which the [...]

Probable disease resistance protein At4g33300; Probable disease resistance protein; Belongs to the disease resistance NB-LRR family.

Accelerated cell death 11; Exhibits selective intermembrane transfer of ceramide-1- phosphate (C1P) and phytoceramide-1-phosphate. Does not transport ceramide (Cer) or GalCer, suggesting a requirement for phosphate in the headgroup for functionality. Transports in vitro sphingosine, but not glycosphigolipids. Has also some in vitro activity with sphingomyelin, a lipid not detected in plant tissues. The transport function may be not directly involved in regulating cell death. Rather, perturbations in the function of ACD11 or related components could be monitored by R-proteins, which the [...]

Probable disease resistance protein At5g04720; Probable disease resistance protein; Belongs to the disease resistance NB-LRR family.

Accelerated cell death 11; Exhibits selective intermembrane transfer of ceramide-1- phosphate (C1P) and phytoceramide-1-phosphate. Does not transport ceramide (Cer) or GalCer, suggesting a requirement for phosphate in the headgroup for functionality. Transports in vitro sphingosine, but not glycosphigolipids. Has also some in vitro activity with sphingomyelin, a lipid not detected in plant tissues. The transport function may be not directly involved in regulating cell death. Rather, perturbations in the function of ACD11 or related components could be monitored by R-proteins, which the [...]

Ceramide kinase; Catalyzes specifically the phosphorylation of ceramide to form ceramide 1-phosphate. Possesses high activity on ceramide analogs (C6, C8 synthetic ceramides) and lower activity on C6 and C8 dihydroceramides. Has weak activity on natural ceramides (a mixture of ceramides from bovine brain) and the synthetic substrate C2 ceramide. Has very poor activity on diacylglycerol and sphingosine. Ceramide is a critical sphingolipid metabolite that induces programmed cell death (PCD) in plants and ceramide-1-phosphate has a PCD suppressive effect. Thus, ceramide phosphorylation pl [...]

Accelerated cell death 11; Exhibits selective intermembrane transfer of ceramide-1- phosphate (C1P) and phytoceramide-1-phosphate. Does not transport ceramide (Cer) or GalCer, suggesting a requirement for phosphate in the headgroup for functionality. Transports in vitro sphingosine, but not glycosphigolipids. Has also some in vitro activity with sphingomyelin, a lipid not detected in plant tissues. The transport function may be not directly involved in regulating cell death. Rather, perturbations in the function of ACD11 or related components could be monitored by R-proteins, which the [...]

Regulatory protein NPR1; May act as a substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase complex (CUL3-RBX1-BTB) which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (By similarity). Key positive regulator of the SA-dependent signaling pathway that negatively regulates JA-dependent signaling pathway. Mediates the binding of TGA factors to the as-1 motif found in the pathogenesis-related PR-1 gene, leading to the transcriptional regulation of the gene defense. Controls the onset of systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Upon SAR induction, [...]

Accelerated cell death 11; Exhibits selective intermembrane transfer of ceramide-1- phosphate (C1P) and phytoceramide-1-phosphate. Does not transport ceramide (Cer) or GalCer, suggesting a requirement for phosphate in the headgroup for functionality. Transports in vitro sphingosine, but not glycosphigolipids. Has also some in vitro activity with sphingomyelin, a lipid not detected in plant tissues. The transport function may be not directly involved in regulating cell death. Rather, perturbations in the function of ACD11 or related components could be monitored by R-proteins, which the [...]

Disease resistance protein SUMM2; Disease resistance protein that mediates defense responses against the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato strain DC3000, and the virulent oomycete Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis isolate Noco2. Becomes active when the MEKK1-MKK1-MKK2-MPK4 kinase cascade is disrupted by the microbial effector hopAI1. Does not seem to be required for the activation of MPK4 by flg22, or flg22-induced up- regulation of PAD3. Functions downstream of MEKK2/SUMM1 in immune responses, including cell death and defense responses.

Accelerated cell death 11; Exhibits selective intermembrane transfer of ceramide-1- phosphate (C1P) and phytoceramide-1-phosphate. Does not transport ceramide (Cer) or GalCer, suggesting a requirement for phosphate in the headgroup for functionality. Transports in vitro sphingosine, but not glycosphigolipids. Has also some in vitro activity with sphingomyelin, a lipid not detected in plant tissues. The transport function may be not directly involved in regulating cell death. Rather, perturbations in the function of ACD11 or related components could be monitored by R-proteins, which the [...]

Toll/interleukin-1 receptor-like protein; Disease resistance protein. Resistance proteins guard the plant against pathogens that contain an appropriate avirulence protein via a direct or indirect interaction with this avirulence protein. That triggers a defense system including the hypersensitive response, which restricts the pathogen growth (By similarity).

Protein ACCELERATED CELL DEATH 6; Dose-dependent activator of the defense response against virulent pathogens, including bacteria, fungi and oomycetes, that acts in a positive feedback loop with the defense signal salicylic acid (SA). Regulates the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway leading to cell death and modulating cell fate (e.g. cell enlargement and/or cell division). In response to SA signaling, triggers the accumulation of FLS2 at the plasma membrane, thus priming defenses. Involved in SA-dependent freezing signaling and tolerance.

Accelerated cell death 11; Exhibits selective intermembrane transfer of ceramide-1- phosphate (C1P) and phytoceramide-1-phosphate. Does not transport ceramide (Cer) or GalCer, suggesting a requirement for phosphate in the headgroup for functionality. Transports in vitro sphingosine, but not glycosphigolipids. Has also some in vitro activity with sphingomyelin, a lipid not detected in plant tissues. The transport function may be not directly involved in regulating cell death. Rather, perturbations in the function of ACD11 or related components could be monitored by R-proteins, which the [...]

Protein ACCELERATED CELL DEATH 6; Dose-dependent activator of the defense response against virulent pathogens, including bacteria, fungi and oomycetes, that acts in a positive feedback loop with the defense signal salicylic acid (SA). Regulates the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway leading to cell death and modulating cell fate (e.g. cell enlargement and/or cell division). In response to SA signaling, triggers the accumulation of FLS2 at the plasma membrane, thus priming defenses. Involved in SA-dependent freezing signaling and tolerance.

Disease resistance protein ADR1; Disease resistance (R) protein that mediates resistance against Hyaloperonospora parasitica in a salicylic acid-dependent manner. Also mediates resistance against Erysiphe cichoracearum is both salicylic acid-dependent and partially NPR1-dependent. Resistance proteins guard the plant against pathogens that contain an appropriate avirulence protein via an indirect interaction with this avirulence protein. That triggers a defense system including the hypersensitive response, which restricts the pathogen growth.

Protein ACCELERATED CELL DEATH 6; Dose-dependent activator of the defense response against virulent pathogens, including bacteria, fungi and oomycetes, that acts in a positive feedback loop with the defense signal salicylic acid (SA). Regulates the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway leading to cell death and modulating cell fate (e.g. cell enlargement and/or cell division). In response to SA signaling, triggers the accumulation of FLS2 at the plasma membrane, thus priming defenses. Involved in SA-dependent freezing signaling and tolerance.

Ceramide kinase; Catalyzes specifically the phosphorylation of ceramide to form ceramide 1-phosphate. Possesses high activity on ceramide analogs (C6, C8 synthetic ceramides) and lower activity on C6 and C8 dihydroceramides. Has weak activity on natural ceramides (a mixture of ceramides from bovine brain) and the synthetic substrate C2 ceramide. Has very poor activity on diacylglycerol and sphingosine. Ceramide is a critical sphingolipid metabolite that induces programmed cell death (PCD) in plants and ceramide-1-phosphate has a PCD suppressive effect. Thus, ceramide phosphorylation pl [...]

Protein ACCELERATED CELL DEATH 6; Dose-dependent activator of the defense response against virulent pathogens, including bacteria, fungi and oomycetes, that acts in a positive feedback loop with the defense signal salicylic acid (SA). Regulates the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway leading to cell death and modulating cell fate (e.g. cell enlargement and/or cell division). In response to SA signaling, triggers the accumulation of FLS2 at the plasma membrane, thus priming defenses. Involved in SA-dependent freezing signaling and tolerance.

Regulatory protein NPR1; May act as a substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase complex (CUL3-RBX1-BTB) which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (By similarity). Key positive regulator of the SA-dependent signaling pathway that negatively regulates JA-dependent signaling pathway. Mediates the binding of TGA factors to the as-1 motif found in the pathogenesis-related PR-1 gene, leading to the transcriptional regulation of the gene defense. Controls the onset of systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Upon SAR induction, [...]

Protein ACCELERATED CELL DEATH 6; Dose-dependent activator of the defense response against virulent pathogens, including bacteria, fungi and oomycetes, that acts in a positive feedback loop with the defense signal salicylic acid (SA). Regulates the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway leading to cell death and modulating cell fate (e.g. cell enlargement and/or cell division). In response to SA signaling, triggers the accumulation of FLS2 at the plasma membrane, thus priming defenses. Involved in SA-dependent freezing signaling and tolerance.

Toll/interleukin-1 receptor-like protein; Disease resistance protein. Resistance proteins guard the plant against pathogens that contain an appropriate avirulence protein via a direct or indirect interaction with this avirulence protein. That triggers a defense system including the hypersensitive response, which restricts the pathogen growth (By similarity).

Disease resistance protein ADR1; Disease resistance (R) protein that mediates resistance against Hyaloperonospora parasitica in a salicylic acid-dependent manner. Also mediates resistance against Erysiphe cichoracearum is both salicylic acid-dependent and partially NPR1-dependent. Resistance proteins guard the plant against pathogens that contain an appropriate avirulence protein via an indirect interaction with this avirulence protein. That triggers a defense system including the hypersensitive response, which restricts the pathogen growth.

Accelerated cell death 11; Exhibits selective intermembrane transfer of ceramide-1- phosphate (C1P) and phytoceramide-1-phosphate. Does not transport ceramide (Cer) or GalCer, suggesting a requirement for phosphate in the headgroup for functionality. Transports in vitro sphingosine, but not glycosphigolipids. Has also some in vitro activity with sphingomyelin, a lipid not detected in plant tissues. The transport function may be not directly involved in regulating cell death. Rather, perturbations in the function of ACD11 or related components could be monitored by R-proteins, which the [...]

Disease resistance protein ADR1; Disease resistance (R) protein that mediates resistance against Hyaloperonospora parasitica in a salicylic acid-dependent manner. Also mediates resistance against Erysiphe cichoracearum is both salicylic acid-dependent and partially NPR1-dependent. Resistance proteins guard the plant against pathogens that contain an appropriate avirulence protein via an indirect interaction with this avirulence protein. That triggers a defense system including the hypersensitive response, which restricts the pathogen growth.

Protein ACCELERATED CELL DEATH 6; Dose-dependent activator of the defense response against virulent pathogens, including bacteria, fungi and oomycetes, that acts in a positive feedback loop with the defense signal salicylic acid (SA). Regulates the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway leading to cell death and modulating cell fate (e.g. cell enlargement and/or cell division). In response to SA signaling, triggers the accumulation of FLS2 at the plasma membrane, thus priming defenses. Involved in SA-dependent freezing signaling and tolerance.

Disease resistance protein ADR1; Disease resistance (R) protein that mediates resistance against Hyaloperonospora parasitica in a salicylic acid-dependent manner. Also mediates resistance against Erysiphe cichoracearum is both salicylic acid-dependent and partially NPR1-dependent. Resistance proteins guard the plant against pathogens that contain an appropriate avirulence protein via an indirect interaction with this avirulence protein. That triggers a defense system including the hypersensitive response, which restricts the pathogen growth.

Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1; MEKK1, MKK1/MKK2 and MPK4/MPK6 function in a signaling pathway that modulates the expression of genes responding to biotic and abiotic stresses and also plays an important role in pathogen defense by negatively regulating innate immunity. Activates by phosphorylation the downstream MPK4. Acts redundantly with MKK2. MKK1-MPK6 module mediates abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent CAT1 expression with H(2)O(2) production and response to drought and salt stress. MKK1-MPK6 module is also involved in sugar signaling during the process of seed germination.

Disease resistance protein ADR1; Disease resistance (R) protein that mediates resistance against Hyaloperonospora parasitica in a salicylic acid-dependent manner. Also mediates resistance against Erysiphe cichoracearum is both salicylic acid-dependent and partially NPR1-dependent. Resistance proteins guard the plant against pathogens that contain an appropriate avirulence protein via an indirect interaction with this avirulence protein. That triggers a defense system including the hypersensitive response, which restricts the pathogen growth.

Mitogen-activated protein kinase 4; The ANPs-MKK6-MPK4 module is involved in the regulation of plant cytokinesis during meiosis and mitosis. Essential to promote the progression of cytokinesis and for cellularization (formation of the cell plate) during male-specific meiosis. Involved in cortical microtubules organization and stabilization by regulating the phosphorylation state of microtubule-associated proteins such as MAP65- 1. Involved in root hair development process. Negative regulator of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and salicylic acid- (SA) mediated defense response. Requi [...]

Disease resistance protein ADR1; Disease resistance (R) protein that mediates resistance against Hyaloperonospora parasitica in a salicylic acid-dependent manner. Also mediates resistance against Erysiphe cichoracearum is both salicylic acid-dependent and partially NPR1-dependent. Resistance proteins guard the plant against pathogens that contain an appropriate avirulence protein via an indirect interaction with this avirulence protein. That triggers a defense system including the hypersensitive response, which restricts the pathogen growth.

Regulatory protein NPR1; May act as a substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase complex (CUL3-RBX1-BTB) which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (By similarity). Key positive regulator of the SA-dependent signaling pathway that negatively regulates JA-dependent signaling pathway. Mediates the binding of TGA factors to the as-1 motif found in the pathogenesis-related PR-1 gene, leading to the transcriptional regulation of the gene defense. Controls the onset of systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Upon SAR induction, [...]

Disease resistance protein ADR1; Disease resistance (R) protein that mediates resistance against Hyaloperonospora parasitica in a salicylic acid-dependent manner. Also mediates resistance against Erysiphe cichoracearum is both salicylic acid-dependent and partially NPR1-dependent. Resistance proteins guard the plant against pathogens that contain an appropriate avirulence protein via an indirect interaction with this avirulence protein. That triggers a defense system including the hypersensitive response, which restricts the pathogen growth.

Toll/interleukin-1 receptor-like protein; Disease resistance protein. Resistance proteins guard the plant against pathogens that contain an appropriate avirulence protein via a direct or indirect interaction with this avirulence protein. That triggers a defense system including the hypersensitive response, which restricts the pathogen growth (By similarity).

Probable disease resistance protein At4g33300; Probable disease resistance protein; Belongs to the disease resistance NB-LRR family.

Accelerated cell death 11; Exhibits selective intermembrane transfer of ceramide-1- phosphate (C1P) and phytoceramide-1-phosphate. Does not transport ceramide (Cer) or GalCer, suggesting a requirement for phosphate in the headgroup for functionality. Transports in vitro sphingosine, but not glycosphigolipids. Has also some in vitro activity with sphingomyelin, a lipid not detected in plant tissues. The transport function may be not directly involved in regulating cell death. Rather, perturbations in the function of ACD11 or related components could be monitored by R-proteins, which the [...]