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| | MPE11.30 | D-cysteine desulfhydrase 2, mitochondrial; Catalyzes the production of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from cysteine. Can accept both D-cysteine and L-cysteine as substrate. (427 aa) |
| | DCD | Bifunctional D-cysteine desulfhydrase/1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase, mitochondrial; Catalyzes the production of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from cysteine. Is mainly responsible for the degradation of cysteine to generate H2S, a regulator of stomatal movement and closure. Has high affinity for D-cysteine. (401 aa) |
| | F20O9.90 | Tyrosine transaminase family protein. (447 aa) |
| | T1G16.4 | Tudor/PWWP/MBT superfamily protein. (1072 aa) |
| | DES1 | Bifunctional cystathionine gamma-lyase/cysteine synthase; Involved in maintaining Cys homeostasis through the desulfuration of L-cysteine. Modulates the generation of the signaling molecule sulfide in plant cytosol. Probably unable to interact with SAT and to form the decameric Cys synthase complex (CSC) and is therefore not an enzymatically true OASTL protein. (323 aa) |
| | PGDH2 | D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase 2, chloroplastic; Involved in the plastidial phosphorylated pathway of serine biosynthesis (PPSB); Belongs to the D-isomer specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase family. (624 aa) |
| | CS26 | S-sulfo-L-cysteine synthase (O-acetyl-L-serine-dependent), chloroplastic; S-sulfocysteine synthase that plays an important role in chloroplast function and is essential for light-dependent redox regulation and photosynthetic performance within the chloroplast. Probably unable to interact with SAT and to form the decameric Cys synthase complex (CSC) required for O-acetylserine (thiol)-lyase (OAS-TL) enzymatic activity. Lacks OAS-TL activity. (404 aa) |
| | SAHH1 | Adenosylhomocysteinase 1; Adenosylhomocysteine is a competitive inhibitor of S- adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyl transferase reactions; therefore adenosylhomocysteinase may play a key role in the control of methylations via regulation of the intracellular concentration of adenosylhomocysteine. Required for DNA methylation-dependent gene silencing. (485 aa) |
| | MET4 | DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 4; Maintains chromatin CpG methylation that plays a role in genomic imprinting, regulation of embryogenesis and seed viability. Required for proper patterns of CG DNA methylation in dividing cells (By similarity). (1519 aa) |
| | dl4665w | L-lactate dehydrogenase; Belongs to the LDH/MDH superfamily. (353 aa) |
| | AK2 | Aspartokinase 2, chloroplastic; Involved in the first step of essential amino acids lysine, threonine, methionine and isoleucine synthesis via the aspartate-family pathway. (544 aa) |
| | SPDSYN2 | Spermidine synthase 2; Belongs to the spermidine/spermine synthase family. (340 aa) |
| | ARD1 | 1,2-dihydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentene dioxygenase 1; Catalyzes the formation of formate and 2-keto-4- methylthiobutyrate (KMTB) from 1,2-dihydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentene (DHK-MTPene). (199 aa) |
| | CMT1 | Putative DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase CMT1; May be involved in the CpXpG methylation and in gene silencing; Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. C5-methyltransferase family. (791 aa) |
| | PGDH1 | D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase 1, chloroplastic; Involved in the plastidial phosphorylated pathway of serine biosynthesis (PPSB). Required for mature pollen development. (603 aa) |
| | MS1 | 5-methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate--homocysteine methyltransferase 1; Catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from 5- methyltetrahydrofolate to homocysteine resulting in methionine formation. (765 aa) |
| | STR1 | Thiosulfate/3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase 1, mitochondrial; Catalyzes the transfer of a sulfur ion from a donor to cyanide or to other thiol compounds. Substrate preference is 3- mercaptopyruvate > thiosulfate. Involved in embryo and seed development. (379 aa) |
| | F12F1.12 | 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase 3; Enzyme involved in the ethylene biosynthesis. May promote stem elongation by maximizing the extensibility cells, possibly by activating ethylene biosynthesis, in response to very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs C20:0 to C30:0); Belongs to the iron/ascorbate-dependent oxidoreductase family. (320 aa) |
| | AKHSDH2 | Bifunctional aspartokinase/homoserine dehydrogenase 2, chloroplastic; In the C-terminal section; belongs to the homoserine dehydrogenase family. (916 aa) |
| | PMDH1 | Malate dehydrogenase 1, peroxisomal; Catalyzes a reversible NAD-dependent dehydrogenase reaction involved in central metabolism and redox homeostasis between organelle compartments (Probable). Peroxisomal NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase involved in fatty acid beta-oxidation. Reoxidizes NADH from the beta- oxidation and provides NAD for the conversion of fatty acyl-CoA to acetyl-CoA. Does not participate directly in the glyoxylate cycle. Required for maintenance of photosynthetic rates under photorespiratory conditions, and carbon flow during photorespiration. Supplies NADH reductant [...] (354 aa) |
| | SAM2 | S-adenosylmethionine synthase 2; Catalyzes the formation of S-adenosylmethionine from methionine and ATP. The reaction comprises two steps that are both catalyzed by the same enzyme: formation of S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) and triphosphate, and subsequent hydrolysis of the triphosphate. (393 aa) |
| | SAM1 | S-adenosylmethionine synthase 1; Catalyzes the formation of S-adenosylmethionine from methionine and ATP. The reaction comprises two steps that are both catalyzed by the same enzyme: formation of S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) and triphosphate, and subsequent hydrolysis of the triphosphate; Belongs to the AdoMet synthase family. (393 aa) |
| | DMT1 | DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1; Maintains chromatin CpG methylation that plays a role in genomic imprinting, regulation of embryogenesis and seed viability. Required for proper patterns of CG DNA methylation in dividing cells. Required for MEA promoter methylation in seeds. (1534 aa) |
| | ASP5 | Aspartate aminotransferase, chloroplastic; Amino acid aminotransferase important for the metabolism of amino acids and Krebs-cycle related organic acids. No activity with D- Asp or D-Ala as amino donors. In plants, it is involved in nitrogen metabolism and in aspects of carbon and energy metabolism. Belongs to the class-I pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. (453 aa) |
| | GSH1 | Glutamate--cysteine ligase, chloroplastic; Seems to play an important role in controlling the expression of resistance responses like the regulation of salicylic acid (SA) and phytoalexin (camalexin) production. Involved in resistance to fungal and bacterial pathogens. Required for the regulation of cell proliferation in root apical meristems through the GSH-dependent developmental pathway. Also participates in the detoxification process, the antioxidant response and is essential for embryo development and proper seed maturation. Belongs to the carboxylate-amine ligase family. Glutamat [...] (522 aa) |
| | GSH2 | Glutathione synthetase, chloroplastic. (539 aa) |
| | ASP1 | Aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial; Amino acid aminotransferase important for the metabolism of amino acids and Krebs-cycle related organic acids. No activity with D- Asp or D-Ala as amino donors. In plants, it is involved in nitrogen metabolism and in aspects of carbon and energy metabolism. (430 aa) |
| | ASP3 | Aspartate aminotransferase 3, chloroplastic; Amino acid aminotransferase important for the metabolism of amino acids and Krebs-cycle related organic acids. No activity with D- Asp or D-Ala as amino donors. In plants, it is involved in nitrogen metabolism and in aspects of carbon and energy metabolism. Belongs to the class-I pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. (449 aa) |
| | ASP2 | Aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic isozyme 1; Important for the metabolism of amino acids and Krebs-cycle related organic acids. Involved in plant nitrogen metabolism of Asp and Asp-derived amino acids and in the synthesis of Asp/Asn for seed storage. May be involved in the assessment of the pyridoxal phosphate levels in the cell. (405 aa) |
| | ASP4 | Aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic isozyme 2; Important for the metabolism of amino acids and Krebs-cycle related organic acids. In plants, it is involved in nitrogen metabolism and in aspects of carbon and energy metabolism. (403 aa) |
| | OASA1 | Cysteine synthase 1; Acts as a major cysteine synthase, probably involved in maintaining organic sulfur level; Belongs to the cysteine synthase/cystathionine beta- synthase family. (322 aa) |
| | OASB | Cysteine synthase, chloroplastic/chromoplastic; Acts as a major cysteine synthase. Belongs to the cysteine synthase/cystathionine beta- synthase family. (392 aa) |
| | CBL | Cystathionine beta-lyase, chloroplastic; Belongs to the trans-sulfuration enzymes family. (464 aa) |
| | CGS1 | Cystathionine gamma-synthase 1, chloroplastic; Catalyzes the first committed step of methionine (Met) biosynthesis. Catalyzes the formation of L-cystathionine from homoserine esters and L-cysteine, via a gamma-replacement reaction. Substrate preference for cystathionine synthesis is O-phospho-L- homoserine (OPH) > O(4)-succinyl-L-homoserine (OSH) >> O-acetyl-L- homoserine (OAH). Is able, at extremely low rate, to catalyze a gamma- elimination of OPH in the absence of cysteine to produce inorganic phosphate (Pi), 2-oxobutanoate and ammonia. (563 aa) |
| | MDH2 | Malate dehydrogenase 2, cytoplasmic; Catalyzes a reversible NAD-dependent dehydrogenase reaction involved in central metabolism and redox homeostasis between organelle compartments. (332 aa) |
| | MDH1 | Malate dehydrogenase 1, cytoplasmic; Catalyzes a reversible NAD-dependent dehydrogenase reaction involved in central metabolism and redox homeostasis between organelle compartments. (332 aa) |
| | ACS2 | 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 2; 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACS) enzymes catalyze the conversion of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) into 1- aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC), a direct precursor of ethylene; Belongs to the class-I pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. (496 aa) |
| | ACS1 | 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase-like protein 1; Belongs to the class-I pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. (488 aa) |
| | ACO4 | 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase 4; Enzyme involved in the ethylene biosynthesis. May promote stem elongation by maximizing the extensibility cells, possibly by activating ethylene biosynthesis, in response to very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs C20:0 to C30:0); Belongs to the iron/ascorbate-dependent oxidoreductase family. (323 aa) |
| | MS3 | 5-methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate--homocysteine methyltransferase 3, chloroplastic; Catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from 5- methyltetrahydrofolate to homocysteine resulting in methionine formation. (812 aa) |
| | F2P24.4 | 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase 5; Enzyme involved in the ethylene biosynthesis; Belongs to the iron/ascorbate-dependent oxidoreductase family. (307 aa) |
| | STR2 | Thiosulfate/3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase 2; Catalyzes the transfer of a sulfur ion from a donor to cyanide or to other thiol compounds. Substrate preference is 3- mercaptopyruvate > thiosulfate. Involved in embryo and seed development. (342 aa) |
| | ACS5 | 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 5; 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACS) enzymes catalyze the conversion of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) into 1- aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC), a direct precursor of ethylene. (470 aa) |
| | SAT3 | Serine acetyltransferase 3, mitochondrial; Belongs to the transferase hexapeptide repeat family. (391 aa) |
| | CpNIFS3 | Probable L-cysteine desulfhydrase, chloroplastic; May catalyze the production of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from cysteine. (475 aa) |
| | SAMDC4 | S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase 1 alpha chain; Essential for biosynthesis of the polyamines spermidine and spermine. Essential for polyamine homeostasis, and normal plant embryogenesis, growth and development. (347 aa) |
| | ACO2 | 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase 2; Enzyme involved in the ethylene biosynthesis. Required to mediate the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC)-mediated reversion of the ABA-induced inhibition of seed germination via endosperm rupture. May promote stem elongation by maximizing the extensibility cells, possibly by activating ethylene biosynthesis, in response to very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs C20:0 to C30:0). (320 aa) |
| | SAT5 | Serine acetyltransferase 5; Belongs to the transferase hexapeptide repeat family. (312 aa) |
| | SAT1 | Serine acetyltransferase 1, chloroplastic; May be involved in detoxification process by mediating the production of glutathione. (314 aa) |
| | ACS4 | 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 4; 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACS) enzymes catalyze the conversion of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) into 1- aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC), a direct precursor of ethylene. (474 aa) |
| | OASC | Cysteine synthase, mitochondrial; Acts as a cysteine synthase. Plays a role in the sulfide detoxification in mitochondria. (430 aa) |
| | F20O9.100 | Probable aminotransferase TAT1; Belongs to the class-I pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. (449 aa) |
| | F14J16.13 | Pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme family protein. (421 aa) |
| | MTN2 | 5'-methylthioadenosine/S-adenosylhomocysteine nucleosidase 2; Enzyme of the methionine cycle that catalyzes the irreversible cleavage of the glycosidic bond in both 5'- methylthioadenosine (MTA) and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH/AdoHcy) to adenine and the corresponding thioribose, 5'-methylthioribose and S- ribosylhomocysteine, respectively. Contributes to the maintenance of AdoMet homeostasis and is required to sustain high rates of ethylene synthesis. (254 aa) |
| | ARD2 | 1,2-dihydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentene dioxygenase 2; Catalyzes the formation of formate and 2-keto-4- methylthiobutyrate (KMTB) from 1,2-dihydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentene (DHK-MTPene). (192 aa) |
| | ARD4 | 1,2-dihydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentene dioxygenase 4; Catalyzes the formation of formate and 2-keto-4- methylthiobutyrate (KMTB) from 1,2-dihydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentene (DHK-MTPene). (187 aa) |
| | HMT3 | Homocysteine S-methyltransferase 3; Catalyzes methyl transfer from S-methylmethionine (SMM) to adenosyl-L-homocysteine (AdoMet). SMM degradation (by HMT-1, HMT-2 and HMT-3) and biosynthesis (by MMT1) constitute the SMM cycle in plants, which is probably required to achieve short term control of AdoMet level. (347 aa) |
| | SAT2 | Serine acetyltransferase 2. (323 aa) |
| | F10B6.22 | Aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, putative. (375 aa) |
| | F9D16.60 | Probable aminotransferase TAT4. (424 aa) |
| | ARD3 | 1,2-dihydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentene dioxygenase 3; Catalyzes the formation of formate and 2-keto-4- methylthiobutyrate (KMTB) from 1,2-dihydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentene (DHK-MTPene); Belongs to the acireductone dioxygenase (ARD) family. (199 aa) |
| | SAT4 | Serine acetyltransferase 4; Belongs to the transferase hexapeptide repeat family. (355 aa) |
| | BCAT1 | Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase 1, mitochondrial; Converts 2-oxo acids to branched-chain amino acids. Acts on leucine, isoleucine and valine (By similarity); Belongs to the class-IV pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. (384 aa) |
| | AGT2 | Alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 homolog 1, mitochondrial; Belongs to the class-III pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. (476 aa) |
| | AGT3 | Alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 homolog 2, mitochondrial. (477 aa) |
| | SPMS | Spermine synthase. (359 aa) |
| | CMT2 | DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase CMT2; May be involved in the CpXpG methylation and in gene silencing. (1295 aa) |
| | CMT3 | DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase CMT3; Involved in the CpXpG methylation and in gene silencing. Methylates preferentially transposon-related sequences. Functionally redundant to DRM1/DRM2 to maintain non-CpG methylation. Involved in RNA-directed DNA methylation. Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. C5-methyltransferase family. (839 aa) |
| | PSAT1 | Phosphoserine aminotransferase 1, chloroplastic; Involved in the plastidial phosphorylated pathway of serine biosynthesis (PPSB). Catalyzes the reversible conversion of 3- phosphohydroxypyruvate to phosphoserine; Belongs to the class-V pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. SerC subfamily. (430 aa) |
| | SAMDC1 | S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase 1 alpha chain; Essential for biosynthesis of the polyamines spermidine and spermine. Essential for polyamine homeostasis, and normal plant embryogenesis, growth and development; Belongs to the eukaryotic AdoMetDC family. (366 aa) |
| | MTK | Methylthioribose kinase; Catalyzes the phosphorylation of methylthioribose into methylthioribose-1-phosphate in the methionine cycle. Contributes to the maintenance of AdoMet homeostasis and is required to sustain high rates of ethylene synthesis. (420 aa) |
| | CGS2 | Probable cystathionine gamma-synthase 2; Catalyzes the first committed step of methionine (Met) biosynthesis. Catalyzes the formation of L-cystathionine from homoserine esters and L-cysteine, via a gamma-replacement reaction. Belongs to the trans-sulfuration enzymes family. (412 aa) |
| | ISS1 | Aromatic aminotransferase ISS1; Coordinates and prevents auxin (IAA) and ethylene biosynthesis, thus regulating auxin homeostasis in young seedlings. Shows aminotransferase activity with methionine; can use the ethylene biosynthetic intermediate L- methionine (L-Met) as an amino donor and the auxin biosynthetic intermediate, indole-3-pyruvic acid (3-IPA) as an amino acceptor to produce L-tryptophan (L-Trp) and 2-oxo-4-methylthiobutyric acid (KMBA). Can also use tryptophan (Trp), phenylalanine (Phe), and tyrosine (Tyr) as substrates. Regulates tryptophan (Trp) homeostasis and catabolism [...] (394 aa) |
| | T5M16.26 | Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent transferases superfamily protein. (440 aa) |
| | MDH3 | Malate dehydrogenase 3, cytoplasmic; Catalyzes a reversible NAD-dependent dehydrogenase reaction involved in central metabolism and redox homeostasis between organelle compartments; Belongs to the LDH/MDH superfamily. MDH type 2 family. (339 aa) |
| | TAT7 | Probable aminotransferase TAT2; Belongs to the class-I pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. (414 aa) |
| | K19P17.1 | Probable bifunctional methylthioribulose-1-phosphate dehydratase/enolase-phosphatase E1; In the N-terminal section; belongs to the aldolase class II family. MtnB subfamily. (507 aa) |
| | BCAT5 | Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase 5, chloroplastic; Converts 2-oxo acids to branched-chain amino acids. Acts on leucine, isoleucine and valine (By similarity). (415 aa) |
| | OASA2 | Putative inactive cysteine synthase 2; Belongs to the cysteine synthase/cystathionine beta- synthase family. (188 aa) |
| | SAHH2 | Adenosylhomocysteinase 2; Adenosylhomocysteine is a competitive inhibitor of S- adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyl transferase reactions; therefore adenosylhomocysteinase may play a key role in the control of methylations via regulation of the intracellular concentration of adenosylhomocysteine. (485 aa) |
| | MMDH2 | Malate dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial; Catalyzes a reversible NAD-dependent dehydrogenase reaction involved in central metabolism and redox homeostasis between organelle compartments (Probable). Required for carbon dioxide and energy partitioning in leaves. May limit photorespiration during the dark phase. Can convert 2-ketoglutarate to L-2-hydroxyglutarate in vitro. Belongs to the LDH/MDH superfamily. MDH type 1 family. (341 aa) |
| | BCAT7 | Putative branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase 7. (367 aa) |
| | BCAT6 | Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase 6; Converts 2-oxo acids to branched-chain amino acids. Acts on leucine, isoleucine and valine (By similarity). (356 aa) |
| | SAMDC3 | S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase 1 alpha chain; Essential for biosynthesis of the polyamines spermidine and spermine. Essential for polyamine homeostasis, and normal plant embryogenesis, growth and development. (349 aa) |
| | PGDH3 | D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase 3, chloroplastic; Involved in the plastidial phosphorylated pathway of serine biosynthesis (PPSB). (588 aa) |
| | METK4 | S-adenosylmethionine synthase 4; Catalyzes the formation of S-adenosylmethionine from methionine and ATP. The reaction comprises two steps that are both catalyzed by the same enzyme: formation of S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) and triphosphate, and subsequent hydrolysis of the triphosphate. (393 aa) |
| | TAT | Tyrosine aminotransferase; Transaminase involved in tyrosine breakdown. Converts tyrosine to p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate. Can catalyze the reverse reaction, using L-glutamate in vitro. Can convert phenylalanine to phenylpyruvate and catalyze the reverse reaction in vitro. Belongs to the class-I pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. (420 aa) |
| | AK1 | Aspartokinase 1, chloroplastic; Involved in the first step of essential amino acids lysine, threonine, methionine and isoleucine synthesis via the aspartate-family pathway; Belongs to the aspartokinase family. (569 aa) |
| | MET2 | DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 2; Maintains chromatin CpG methylation that plays a role in genomic imprinting, regulation of embryogenesis and seed viability. Required for proper patterns of CG DNA methylation in dividing cells (By similarity); Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. C5-methyltransferase family. (1512 aa) |
| | LCD | L-cysteine desulfhydrase; Catalyzes the production of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from cysteine. Is mainly responsible for the degradation of cysteine to generate H2S, a regulator of stomatal movement and closure. Belongs to the class-V pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. (454 aa) |
| | HMT-2 | Homocysteine S-methyltransferase 2; Catalyzes methyl transfer from S-methylmethionine (SMM) to adenosyl-L-homocysteine (AdoMet). SMM degradation (by HMT-1, HMT-2 and HMT-3) and biosynthesis (by MMT1) constitute the SMM cycle in plants, which is probably required to achieve short term control of AdoMet level. (333 aa) |
| | ACS9 | 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 9; 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACS) enzymes catalyze the conversion of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) into 1- aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC), a direct precursor of ethylene; Belongs to the class-I pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. (470 aa) |
| | BCAT3 | Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase 3, chloroplastic; Converts 2-oxo acids to branched-chain amino acids. Acts on leucine, isoleucine and valine. Also involved in methionine chain elongation cycle of aliphatic glucosinolate formation. Catalyzes the conversion of 5-methylthiopentyl-2-oxo and 6-methylthiohexyl-2-oxo acids to their respective Met derivatives, homomethionine and dihomo- methionine, respectively. (413 aa) |
| | BCAT2 | Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase 2, chloroplastic; Converts 2-oxo acids to branched-chain amino acids. Shows activity with L-Leu, L-Ile and L-Val as amino donors and 2-oxoglutarate as an amino acceptor, but no activity for D-isomers of Leu, Ile, Val, Asp, Glu or Ala; Belongs to the class-IV pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. (388 aa) |
| | CYSD1 | Bifunctional L-3-cyanoalanine synthase/cysteine synthase D1; Acts as a cysteine synthase. The cysteine synthesis reaction is more efficient than the cyanoalanine synthase activity. (324 aa) |
| | AK3 | Aspartokinase 3, chloroplastic; Involved in the first step of essential amino acids lysine, threonine, methionine and isoleucine synthesis via the aspartate-family pathway. (559 aa) |
| | CYSC1 | Bifunctional L-3-cyanoalanine synthase/cysteine synthase C1, mitochondrial; Acts as a major beta-cyanoalanine synthase. The cyanoalanine synthesis reaction is more efficient than the cysteine synthase activity. Probably unable to interact with SAT and to form the decameric Cys synthase complex (CSC) and is therefore not an enzymatically true OASTL protein. Probably involved in the detoxification of cyanide that arises from ethylene biosynthesis. Maintains a low level of cyanide for proper root hair development. (368 aa) |
| | SAMDC2 | S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase 2 alpha chain; Essential for biosynthesis of the polyamines spermidine and spermine. Essential for polyamine homeostasis, and normal plant embryogenesis, growth and development; Belongs to the eukaryotic AdoMetDC family. (362 aa) |
| | ACS11 | 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 11; 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACS) enzymes catalyze the conversion of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) into 1- aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC), a direct precursor of ethylene; Belongs to the class-I pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. (460 aa) |
| | AKHSDH1 | Bifunctional aspartokinase/homoserine dehydrogenase 1, chloroplastic; In the N-terminal section; belongs to the aspartokinase family. (911 aa) |
| | ACS6 | 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 6; 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACS) enzymes catalyze the conversion of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) into 1- aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC), a direct precursor of ethylene. Involved in bacterial flagellin-induced ethylene production. Belongs to the class-I pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. (495 aa) |
| | HMT-1 | Homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1; Catalyzes methyl transfer from S-methylmethionine (SMM) to adenosyl-L-homocysteine (AdoMet). SMM degradation (by HMT-1, HMT-2 and HMT-3) and biosynthesis (by MMT1) constitute the SMM cycle in plants, which is probably required to achieve short term control of AdoMet level. (326 aa) |
| | MGL | Methionine gamma-lyase; Catalyzes the degradation of L-methionine to alpha- ketobutyrate, methanethiol and ammonia. Exhibits a high activity toward L-methionine, L-ethionine, L-homocysteine and seleno-L-methionine, but not L-cysteine. Involved in an alternative cysteine biosynthesis pathway to the reverse trans-sulfuration pathway (methionine->homocysteine->cystathionine->cysteine) in which methanethiol is an intermediate. Mediates also an alternative isoleucine biosynthesis pathway in which 2-ketobutyrate is an intermediate. (441 aa) |
| | PSAT2 | Phosphoserine aminotransferase 2, chloroplastic; Involved in the plastidial phosphorylated pathway of serine biosynthesis (PPSB). Catalyzes the reversible conversion of 3- phosphohydroxypyruvate to phosphoserine; Belongs to the class-V pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. SerC subfamily. (422 aa) |
| | METK3 | S-adenosylmethionine synthase 3; Catalyzes the formation of S-adenosylmethionine from methionine and ATP. The reaction comprises two steps that are both catalyzed by the same enzyme: formation of S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) and triphosphate, and subsequent hydrolysis of the triphosphate. Involved in the biosynthesis of lignin ; Belongs to the AdoMet synthase family. (390 aa) |
| | TAT3 | Probable aminotransferase TAT3; Belongs to the class-I pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. (445 aa) |
| | MDH | Malate dehydrogenase, chloroplastic; Catalyzes a reversible NAD-dependent dehydrogenase reaction involved in central metabolism and redox homeostasis between organelle compartments (Probable). Plays a key role in the metabolism of dark chloroplasts and non-green plastids. Essential for embryo viability. Plays an essential role in heterotrophic metabolism in embryos, and autotrophic metabolism in photosynthetic tissues as well. (403 aa) |
| | PYD4 | Alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 homolog 3, mitochondrial; Belongs to the class-III pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. (481 aa) |
| | MS2 | 5-methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate--homocysteine methyltransferase 2; Catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from 5- methyltetrahydrofolate to homocysteine resulting in methionine formation. (765 aa) |
| | ACS7 | 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 7; 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACS) enzymes catalyze the conversion of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) into 1- aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC), a direct precursor of ethylene. (447 aa) |
| | CORI3 | Cystine lyase CORI3; Possesses cystine lyase activity in vitro. Does not possess tyrosine aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and tryptophan aminotransferase activities. Belongs to the class-I pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. (422 aa) |
| | CYSD2 | Bifunctional L-3-cyanoalanine synthase/cysteine synthase D2; Acts as a cysteine synthase. The cysteine synthesis reaction is more efficient than the cyanoalanine synthase activity. (323 aa) |
| | ACS8 | 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 8; 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACS) enzymes catalyze the conversion of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) into 1- aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC), a direct precursor of ethylene. (469 aa) |
| | MET3 | DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3; Maintains chromatin CpG methylation that plays a role in genomic imprinting, regulation of embryogenesis and seed viability. Required for proper patterns of CG DNA methylation in dividing cells (By similarity). Required during the endosperm development in seeds. Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. C5-methyltransferase family. (1404 aa) |
| | MTN1 | 5'-methylthioadenosine/S-adenosylhomocysteine nucleosidase 1; Enzyme of the methionine cycle that catalyzes the irreversible cleavage of the glycosidic bond in 5'-methylthioadenosine (MTA) to adenine and 5'-methylthioribose. Contributes to the maintenance of AdoMet homeostasis and is required to sustain high rates of ethylene synthesis. Inactive towards S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH/AdoHcy). (267 aa) |
| | PMDH2 | Malate dehydrogenase 2, peroxisomal; Catalyzes a reversible NAD-dependent dehydrogenase reaction involved in central metabolism and redox homeostasis between organelle compartments (Probable). Peroxisomal NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase involved in fatty acid beta-oxidation. Reoxidizes NADH from the beta- oxidation and provides NAD for the conversion of fatty acyl-CoA to acetyl-CoA. Does not participate directly in the glyoxylate cycle. Required for maintenance of photosynthetic rates under photorespiratory conditions, and carbon flow during photorespiration. Supplies NADH reductant [...] (354 aa) |
| | MMDH1 | Malate dehydrogenase 1, mitochondrial; Catalyzes a reversible NAD-dependent dehydrogenase reaction involved in central metabolism and redox homeostasis between organelle compartments (Probable). Required for carbon dioxide and energy partitioning in leaves. May limit photorespiration during the dark phase. Its activity is essential to shuttle reductants out from the mitochondria to support the photorespiratory flux. Can convert 2-oxoglutarate to (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate in vitro. (341 aa) |
| | SPDSYN1 | Spermidine synthase 1. (334 aa) |
| | T6P5.3 | Methylthioribose-1-phosphate isomerase; Catalyzes the interconversion of methylthioribose-1-phosphate (MTR-1-P) into methylthioribulose-1-phosphate (MTRu-1-P). (374 aa) |
| | ACO1-2 | 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase 1; Enzyme involved in the ethylene biosynthesis. May promote stem elongation by maximizing the extensibility cells, possibly by activating ethylene biosynthesis, in response to very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs C20:0 to C30:0). (310 aa) |
