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psbB | Photosystem II CP47 reaction center protein; One of the components of the core complex of photosystem II (PSII). It binds chlorophyll and helps catalyze the primary light- induced photochemical processes of PSII. PSII is a light-driven water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase, using light energy to abstract electrons from H(2)O, generating O(2) and a proton gradient subsequently used for ATP formation; Belongs to the PsbB/PsbC family. PsbB subfamily. (508 aa) | ||||
rps12 | 30S ribosomal protein S12, chloroplastic; With S4 and S5 plays an important role in translational accuracy. Located at the interface of the 30S and 50S subunits. (123 aa) | ||||
psbA | Photosystem II protein D1; Photosystem II (PSII) is a light-driven water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase that uses light energy to abstract electrons from H(2)O, generating O(2) and a proton gradient subsequently used for ATP formation. It consists of a core antenna complex that captures photons, and an electron transfer chain that converts photonic excitation into a charge separation. The D1/D2 (PsbA/PsbA) reaction center heterodimer binds P680, the primary electron donor of PSII as well as several subsequent electron acceptors. (353 aa) | ||||
matK | Maturase K; Usually encoded in the trnK tRNA gene intron. Probably assists in splicing its own and other chloroplast group II introns. Belongs to the intron maturase 2 family. MatK subfamily. (506 aa) | ||||
rps16 | 30S ribosomal protein S16, chloroplastic. (89 aa) | ||||
psbK | Photosystem II reaction center protein K; One of the components of the core complex of photosystem II (PSII). PSII is a light-driven water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase that uses light energy to abstract electrons from H(2)O, generating O(2) and a proton gradient subsequently used for ATP formation. It consists of a core antenna complex that captures photons, and an electron transfer chain that converts photonic excitation into a charge separation. (59 aa) | ||||
atpA | ATP synthase subunit alpha, chloroplastic; Produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane. The alpha chain is a regulatory subunit. Belongs to the ATPase alpha/beta chains family. (507 aa) | ||||
atpF | ATP synthase subunit b, chloroplastic; Component of the F(0) channel, it forms part of the peripheral stalk, linking F(1) to F(0). (184 aa) | ||||
rpoC2 | DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta'; DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. (1368 aa) | ||||
rpoC1 | DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta; DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Belongs to the RNA polymerase beta' chain family. RpoC1 subfamily. (683 aa) | ||||
rpoB | DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta; DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. (1070 aa) | ||||
psbM | Photosystem II reaction center protein M; One of the components of the core complex of photosystem II (PSII). PSII is a light-driven water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase that uses light energy to abstract electrons from H(2)O, generating O(2) and a proton gradient subsequently used for ATP formation. It consists of a core antenna complex that captures photons, and an electron transfer chain that converts photonic excitation into a charge separation. This subunit is found at the monomer-monomer interface. (34 aa) | ||||
psbC | Photosystem II CP43 reaction center protein; One of the components of the core complex of photosystem II (PSII). It binds chlorophyll and helps catalyze the primary light- induced photochemical processes of PSII. PSII is a light-driven water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase, using light energy to abstract electrons from H(2)O, generating O(2) and a proton gradient subsequently used for ATP formation; Belongs to the PsbB/PsbC family. PsbC subfamily. (473 aa) | ||||
psbZ | Photosystem II reaction center protein Z; Controls the interaction of photosystem II (PSII) cores with the light-harvesting antenna; Belongs to the PsbZ family. (62 aa) | ||||
psaA | Photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A1; PsaA and PsaB bind P700, the primary electron donor of photosystem I (PSI), as well as the electron acceptors A0, A1 and FX. PSI is a plastocyanin-ferredoxin oxidoreductase, converting photonic excitation into a charge separation, which transfers an electron from the donor P700 chlorophyll pair to the spectroscopically characterized acceptors A0, A1, FX, FA and FB in turn. Oxidized P700 is reduced on the lumenal side of the thylakoid membrane by plastocyanin. (750 aa) | ||||
ycf3 | Photosystem I assembly protein Ycf3; Essential for the assembly of the photosystem I (PSI) complex. May act as a chaperone-like factor to guide the assembly of the PSI subunits. (168 aa) | ||||
rps4 | 30S ribosomal protein S4, chloroplastic; One of the primary rRNA binding proteins, it binds directly to 16S rRNA where it nucleates assembly of the body of the 30S subunit. Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS4 family. (201 aa) | ||||
ndhJ | NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit J, chloroplastic; NDH shuttles electrons from NAD(P)H:plastoquinone, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the photosynthetic chain and possibly in a chloroplast respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be plastoquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation, and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient. (158 aa) | ||||
ndhK | NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit K, chloroplastic; NDH shuttles electrons from NAD(P)H:plastoquinone, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the photosynthetic chain and possibly in a chloroplast respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be plastoquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation, and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient. Belongs to the complex I 20 kDa subunit family. (226 aa) | ||||
ndhC | NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit 3, chloroplastic; NDH shuttles electrons from NAD(P)H:plastoquinone, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the photosynthetic chain and possibly in a chloroplast respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be plastoquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation, and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient. (120 aa) | ||||
atpE | ATP synthase epsilon chain, chloroplastic; Produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane. (133 aa) | ||||
atpB | ATP synthase subunit beta, chloroplastic; Produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane. The catalytic sites are hosted primarily by the beta subunits; Belongs to the ATPase alpha/beta chains family. (492 aa) | ||||
rbcL | Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large chain; RuBisCO catalyzes two reactions: the carboxylation of D- ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate, the primary event in carbon dioxide fixation, as well as the oxidative fragmentation of the pentose substrate in the photorespiration process. Both reactions occur simultaneously and in competition at the same active site. Belongs to the RuBisCO large chain family. Type I subfamily. (475 aa) | ||||
accD | Acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase carboxyl transferase subunit beta, chloroplastic; Component of the acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) complex. Biotin carboxylase (BC) catalyzes the carboxylation of biotin on its carrier protein (BCCP) and then the CO(2) group is transferred by the transcarboxylase to acetyl-CoA to form malonyl-CoA. (491 aa) | ||||
ycf4 | Photosystem I assembly protein Ycf4; Seems to be required for the assembly of the photosystem I complex; Belongs to the Ycf4 family. (184 aa) | ||||
cemA | Envelope membrane protein, chloroplastic; May be involved in proton extrusion. Indirectly promotes efficient inorganic carbon uptake into chloroplasts. Belongs to the CemA family. (229 aa) | ||||
psbJ | Photosystem II reaction center protein J; One of the components of the core complex of photosystem II (PSII). PSII is a light-driven water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase that uses light energy to abstract electrons from H(2)O, generating O(2) and a proton gradient subsequently used for ATP formation. It consists of a core antenna complex that captures photons, and an electron transfer chain that converts photonic excitation into a charge separation. (40 aa) | ||||
psbL | Photosystem II reaction center protein L; One of the components of the core complex of photosystem II (PSII). PSII is a light-driven water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase that uses light energy to abstract electrons from H(2)O, generating O(2) and a proton gradient subsequently used for ATP formation. It consists of a core antenna complex that captures photons, and an electron transfer chain that converts photonic excitation into a charge separation. This subunit is found at the monomer-monomer interface and is required for correct PSII assembly and/or dimerization. (38 aa) | ||||
petL | Cytochrome b6-f complex subunit 6; Component of the cytochrome b6-f complex, which mediates electron transfer between photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI), cyclic electron flow around PSI, and state transitions. PetL is important for photoautotrophic growth as well as for electron transfer efficiency and stability of the cytochrome b6-f complex. (31 aa) | ||||
petG | Cytochrome b6-f complex subunit 5; Component of the cytochrome b6-f complex, which mediates electron transfer between photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI), cyclic electron flow around PSI, and state transitions. PetG is required for either the stability or assembly of the cytochrome b6-f complex. (37 aa) | ||||
psaJ | Photosystem I reaction center subunit IX; May help in the organization of the PsaE and PsaF subunits. Belongs to the PsaJ family. (44 aa) | ||||
rpl33 | 50S ribosomal protein L33, chloroplastic. (66 aa) | ||||
rps18 | 30S ribosomal protein S18, chloroplastic; Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bS18 family. (100 aa) | ||||
rpl20 | 50S ribosomal protein L20, chloroplastic; Binds directly to 23S ribosomal RNA and is necessary for the in vitro assembly process of the 50S ribosomal subunit. It is not involved in the protein synthesizing functions of that subunit. (117 aa) | ||||
clpP | ATP-dependent Clp protease proteolytic subunit; Cleaves peptides in various proteins in a process that requires ATP hydrolysis. Has a chymotrypsin-like activity. Plays a major role in the degradation of misfolded proteins. Belongs to the peptidase S14 family. (195 aa) | ||||
psbT | Photosystem II reaction center protein T; Seems to play a role in the dimerization of PSII. Belongs to the PsbT family. (35 aa) | ||||
psbN | Protein PsbN; May play a role in photosystem I and II biogenesis. Belongs to the PsbN family. (43 aa) | ||||
psbH | Photosystem II reaction center protein H; One of the components of the core complex of photosystem II (PSII), required for its stability and/or assembly. PSII is a light- driven water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase that uses light energy to abstract electrons from H(2)O, generating O(2) and a proton gradient subsequently used for ATP formation. It consists of a core antenna complex that captures photons, and an electron transfer chain that converts photonic excitation into a charge separation. (74 aa) | ||||
petB | Cytochrome b6; Component of the cytochrome b6-f complex, which mediates electron transfer between photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI), cyclic electron flow around PSI, and state transitions. (215 aa) | ||||
petD | Cytochrome b6-f complex subunit 4; Component of the cytochrome b6-f complex, which mediates electron transfer between photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI), cyclic electron flow around PSI, and state transitions. (160 aa) | ||||
rpoA | DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit alpha; DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. (326 aa) | ||||
rps8 | 30S ribosomal protein S8, chloroplastic; One of the primary rRNA binding proteins, it binds directly to 16S rRNA central domain where it helps coordinate assembly of the platform of the 30S subunit. (134 aa) | ||||
rpl16 | 50S ribosomal protein L16, chloroplastic; Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL16 family. (135 aa) | ||||
rps3 | 30S ribosomal protein S3, chloroplastic; Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS3 family. (218 aa) | ||||
rpl22 | 50S ribosomal protein L22, chloroplastic; The globular domain of the protein is located near the polypeptide exit tunnel on the outside of the subunit, while an extended beta-hairpin is found that lines the wall of the exit tunnel in the center of the 70S ribosome; Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL22 family. (141 aa) | ||||
rps19 | 30S ribosomal protein S19, chloroplastic; Protein S19 forms a complex with S13 that binds strongly to the 16S ribosomal RNA. (92 aa) | ||||
rpl23 | 50S ribosomal protein L23, chloroplastic; Binds to 23S rRNA. (93 aa) | ||||
ndhF | NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit 5, chloroplastic; NDH shuttles electrons from NAD(P)H:plastoquinone, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the photosynthetic chain and possibly in a chloroplast respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be plastoquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation, and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient. (742 aa) | ||||
rpl32 | 50S ribosomal protein L32, chloroplastic. (52 aa) | ||||
ccsA | Cytochrome c biogenesis protein CcsA; Required during biogenesis of c-type cytochromes (cytochrome c6 and cytochrome f) at the step of heme attachment. (322 aa) | ||||
ndhD | NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase chain 4, chloroplastic. (500 aa) | ||||
psaC | Photosystem I iron-sulfur center; Apoprotein for the two 4Fe-4S centers FA and FB of photosystem I (PSI); essential for photochemical activity. FB is the terminal electron acceptor of PSI, donating electrons to ferredoxin. The C-terminus interacts with PsaA/B/D and helps assemble the protein into the PSI complex. Required for binding of PsaD and PsaE to PSI. PSI is a plastocyanin-ferredoxin oxidoreductase, converting photonic excitation into a charge separation, which transfers an electron from the donor P700 chlorophyll pair to the spectroscopically characterized acceptors A0, A1, FX, [...] (81 aa) | ||||
ndhE | NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit 4L, chloroplastic; NDH shuttles electrons from NAD(P)H:plastoquinone, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the photosynthetic chain and possibly in a chloroplast respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be plastoquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation, and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient. (101 aa) | ||||
ndhG | NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit 6, chloroplastic; NDH shuttles electrons from NAD(P)H:plastoquinone, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the photosynthetic chain and possibly in a chloroplast respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be plastoquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation, and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient. (176 aa) | ||||
ndhA | NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit 1, chloroplastic; NDH shuttles electrons from NAD(P)H:plastoquinone, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the photosynthetic chain and possibly in a chloroplast respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be plastoquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation, and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient. (363 aa) | ||||
ndhH | NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit H, chloroplastic; NDH shuttles electrons from NAD(P)H:plastoquinone, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the photosynthetic chain and possibly in a chloroplast respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be plastoquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation, and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient. (393 aa) | ||||
rps15 | 30S ribosomal protein S15, chloroplastic; Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS15 family. (90 aa) | ||||
ycf1 | Protein TIC 214; Involved in protein precursor import into chloroplasts. May be part of an intermediate translocation complex acting as a protein- conducting channel at the inner envelope. (1871 aa) | ||||
rps7 | 30S ribosomal protein S7, chloroplastic; One of the primary rRNA binding proteins, it binds directly to 16S rRNA where it nucleates assembly of the head domain of the 30S subunit. (155 aa) | ||||
ndhB | NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit 2, chloroplastic; NDH shuttles electrons from NAD(P)H:plastoquinone, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the photosynthetic chain and possibly in a chloroplast respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be plastoquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation, and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient. (510 aa) | ||||
ycf2 | Protein Ycf2; Probable ATPase of unknown function. Its presence in a non- photosynthetic plant (Epifagus virginiana) and experiments in tobacco indicate that it has an essential function which is probably not related to photosynthesis; Belongs to the Ycf2 family. (2277 aa) | ||||
rpl2 | 50S ribosomal protein L2, chloroplastic; Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL2 family. (272 aa) |