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| | NTG1 | Endonuclease III homolog 1; DNA N-glycosylase and apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) lyase; involved in base excision repair; acts in both nucleus and mitochondrion; creates a double-strand break at mtDNA origins that stimulates replication in response to oxidative stress; required for maintaining mitochondrial genome integrity; NTG1 has a paralog, NTG2, that arose from the whole genome duplication; Belongs to the Nth/MutY family. (399 aa) |
| | RFA1 | Subunit of heterotrimeric Replication Protein A (RPA); RPA is a highly conserved single-stranded DNA binding protein involved in DNA replication, repair, and recombination; RPA protects against inappropriate telomere recombination, and upon telomere uncapping, prevents cell proliferation by a checkpoint-independent pathway; role in DNA catenation/decatenation pathway of chromosome disentangling; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia. (621 aa) |
| | APN2 | DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase 2; Class II abasic (AP) endonuclease involved in repair of DNA damage; homolog of human HAP1 and E. coli exoIII. (520 aa) |
| | MCM2 | Protein involved in DNA replication; component of the Mcm2-7 hexameric helicase complex that binds chromatin as a part of the pre-replicative complex; relative distribution to the nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress. (868 aa) |
| | POL12 | B subunit of DNA polymerase alpha-primase complex; required for initiation of DNA replication during mitotic and premeiotic DNA synthesis; also functions in telomere capping and length regulation. (705 aa) |
| | TEL1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase TEL1; Protein kinase primarily involved in telomere length regulation; contributes to cell cycle checkpoint control in response to DNA damage; acts with Red1p and Mec1p to promote interhomolog recombination by phosphorylation of Hop1; functionally redundant with Mec1p; regulates P-body formation induced by replication stress; homolog of human ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene. (2787 aa) |
| | ORC2 | Subunit of the origin recognition complex (ORC); ORC directs DNA replication by binding to replication origins and is also involved in transcriptional silencing; interacts with Spp1p and with trimethylated histone H3; phosphorylated by Cdc28p. (620 aa) |
| | RDH54 | DNA-dependent ATPase; DNA recombination/repair translocase, supercoils DNA and promotes DNA strand opening; stimulates strand exchange by modifying dsDNA topology; involved in recombinational repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) during mitosis and meiosis; phosphorylated in Mec1p-, Rad53p-dependent way in response to one DSB; contributes to remodelling of nucleosomes; proposed to be involved in crossover interference; interacts with Dmc1p; stimulates Dmc1p and Rad51p. (958 aa) |
| | RFC5 | Subunit of heteropentameric Replication factor C (RF-C); RF-C is a DNA binding protein and ATPase that acts as a clamp loader of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) processivity factor for DNA polymerases delta and epsilon. (354 aa) |
| | POL30 | Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA); functions as the sliding replication clamp for DNA polymerase delta; may function as a docking site for other proteins required for mitotic and meiotic chromosomal DNA replication and for DNA repair; PCNA ubiquitination at K164 plays a crucial role during Okazaki fragment processing. (258 aa) |
| | MMS4 | Subunit of structure-specific Mms4p-Mus81p endonuclease; cleaves branched DNA; involved in recombination, DNA repair, and joint molecule formation/resolution during meiotic recombination; phosphorylation of the non-catalytic subunit Mms4p by Cdc28p and Cdc5p during mitotic cell cycle activates the function of Mms4p-Mus81p. (691 aa) |
| | RAD16 | Nucleotide excision repair (NER) protein; binds damaged DNA during NER; binds DNA in an ATP-dependent manner (with Rad7p) during NER; required for NER of non-transcribed chromatin; subunit of Nucleotide Excision Repair Factor 4 (NEF4) and the Elongin-Cullin-Socs (ECS) ligase complex. (790 aa) |
| | MEC1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase MEC1; Genome integrity checkpoint protein and PI kinase superfamily member; Mec1p and Dun1p function in same pathway to regulate dNTP pools and telomere length; signal transducer required for cell cycle arrest and transcriptional responses to damaged or unreplicated DNA; facilitates replication fork progression and regulates P-body formation under replication stress; promotes interhomolog recombination by phosphorylating Hop1p; associates with shortened, dysfunctional telomeres. (2368 aa) |
| | MCM7 | DNA replication licensing factor MCM7; Component of the Mcm2-7 hexameric helicase complex; MCM2-7 primes origins of DNA replication in G1 and becomes an active ATP-dependent helicase that promotes DNA melting and elongation in S-phase; forms an Mcm4p-6p-7p subcomplex. (845 aa) |
| | SLX1 | Endonuclease involved in DNA recombination and repair; subunit of a complex, with Slx4p, that hydrolyzes 5' branches from duplex DNA in response to stalled or converging replication forks; function overlaps with that of Sgs1p-Top3p. (304 aa) |
| | CHK1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase CHK1; Serine/threonine kinase and DNA damage checkpoint effector; mediates cell cycle arrest via phosphorylation of Pds1p; phosphorylated by checkpoint signal transducer Mec1p; homolog of S. pombe and mammalian Chk1 checkpoint kinase; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family. NIM1 subfamily. (527 aa) |
| | RIF1 | Telomere length regulator protein RIF1; Protein that binds to the Rap1p C-terminus; acts synergistically with Rif2p to help control telomere length and establish telomeric silencing; involved in control of DNA replication; contributes to resection of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs); deletion results in telomere elongation; Belongs to the RIF1 family. (1916 aa) |
| | DPB3 | Third-largest subunit of DNA polymerase II (DNA polymerase epsilon); required to maintain fidelity of chromosomal replication and also for inheritance of telomeric silencing; stabilizes the interaction of Pol epsilon with primer-template DNA, positively affecting the processivity of the polymerase and exonuclease activities of Pol epsilon; mRNA abundance peaks at the G1/S boundary of the cell cycle; DPB3 has a paralog, DLS1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (201 aa) |
| | DCC1 | Sister chromatid cohesion protein DCC1; Subunit of a complex with Ctf8p and Ctf18p; shares some components with Replication Factor C; required for sister chromatid cohesion and telomere length maintenance; Belongs to the DCC1 family. (380 aa) |
| | MRC1 | S-phase checkpoint protein required for DNA replication; couples DNA helicase and polymerase; interacts with and stabilizes Pol2p at stalled replication forks during stress, where it forms a pausing complex with Tof1p and is phosphorylated by Mec1p; defines a novel S-phase checkpoint with Hog1p that coordinates DNA replication and transcription upon osmostress; protects uncapped telomeres; Dia2p-dependent degradation mediates checkpoint recovery; mammalian claspin homolog. (1096 aa) |
| | RAD18 | Postreplication repair E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RAD18; E3 ubiquitin ligase; forms heterodimer with Rad6p to monoubiquitinate PCNA-K164; heterodimer binds single-stranded DNA and has single-stranded DNA dependent ATPase activity; required for postreplication repair; SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligase (STUbl) that contains a SUMO-interacting motif (SIM) which stimulates its ubiquitin ligase activity towards the sumoylated form of PCNA. (487 aa) |
| | MSH3 | Mismatch repair protein; forms dimers with Msh2p that mediate repair of insertion or deletion mutations and removal of nonhomologous DNA ends, contains a PCNA (Pol30p) binding motif required for genome stability; Belongs to the DNA mismatch repair MutS family. MSH3 subfamily. (1018 aa) |
| | CDC7 | Cell division control protein 7; DDK (Dbf4-dependent kinase) catalytic subunit; required for origin firing and replication fork progression in mitotic S phase through phosphorylation of Mcm2-7p complexes and Cdc45p; kinase activity correlates with cyclical DBF4 expression; required for pre-meiotic DNA replication, meiotic DSB formation, recruitment of monopolin complex to kinetochores during meiosis I, regulation of meiosis-specific Ndt80p; mutation complemented by human CDC7 and DBF4 co-expression. (507 aa) |
| | RAD59 | Protein involved DNA double-strand break repair; repairs breaks in DNA during vegetative growth via recombination and single-strand annealing; anneals complementary single-stranded DNA; forms nuclear foci upon DNA replication stress; required for loading of Rad52p to DSBs; regulates replication fork progression in DNA ligase I-deficient cells; paralog of Rad52p; Belongs to the RAD52 family. (238 aa) |
| | POL3 | Catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase delta; required for chromosomal DNA replication during mitosis and meiosis, intragenic recombination, repair of double strand DNA breaks, and DNA replication during nucleotide excision repair (NER). (1097 aa) |
| | MSH5 | Protein of the MutS family; forms a dimer with Msh4p that facilitates crossovers between homologs during meiosis; msh5-Y823H mutation confers tolerance to DNA alkylating agents; homologs present in C. elegans and humans. (901 aa) |
| | CDC9 | DNA ligase I found in nucleus and mitochondria; essential enzyme that joins Okazaki fragments during DNA replication; also acts in ribonucleotide excision repair, base excision repair, and recombination; DNA ligase I mutants trigger ubiquitination of PCNA at K107, facilitating Rad59p-mediated bypass of unligated Okazaki fragments; human homolog LIG1 can complement yeast cdc9 temperature-sensitive mutant at restrictive temperature. (755 aa) |
| | MGT1 | DNA repair methyltransferase (6-O-methylguanine-DNA methylase); involved in protection against DNA alkylation damage; Belongs to the MGMT family. (188 aa) |
| | CDC13 | Cell division control protein 13; Single stranded DNA-binding protein found at TG1-3 telomere G-tails; key roles in regulation of telomerase, telomere end protection, conventional telomere replication; regulates telomere replication through recruitment of specific sub-complexes, essential function is telomere capping; forms homodimer via N-terminus; disruption of dimerization leads to short telomeres; autophagy and proteasome are involved in Cdc13p degradation; differentially phosphorylated through cell cycle. (924 aa) |
| | RAD57 | DNA repair protein RAD57; Protein that stimulates strand exchange; stimulates strand exchange by stabilizing the binding of Rad51p to single-stranded DNA; involved in the recombinational repair of double-strand breaks in DNA during vegetative growth and meiosis; forms heterodimer with Rad55p; Belongs to the RecA family. (460 aa) |
| | PSF1 | Subunit of the GINS complex (Sld5p, Psf1p, Psf2p, Psf3p); complex is localized to DNA replication origins and implicated in assembly of the DNA replication machinery. (208 aa) |
| | DBF4 | Regulatory subunit of Cdc7p-Dbf4p kinase complex; required for Cdc7p kinase activity and initiation of DNA replication; phosphorylates the Mcm2-7 family of proteins; cell cycle regulated; relative distribution to the nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress; co-expression of human CDC7 and DBF4 complements single cdc7 or dbf4 null mutations or the cdc7 dbf4 double null mutation. (704 aa) |
| | RAD55 | DNA repair protein RAD55; Protein that stimulates strand exchange; stimulates strand exchange by stabilizing the binding of Rad51p to single-stranded DNA; involved in the recombinational repair of double-strand breaks in DNA during vegetative growth and meiosis; forms heterodimer with Rad57p; Belongs to the RecA family. RAD55 subfamily. (406 aa) |
| | SHU2 | Suppressor of hydroxyurea sensitivity protein 2; Component of Shu complex (aka PCSS complex); Shu complex also includes Psy3, Csm2, Shu1, and promotes error-free DNA repair, Shu complex mediates inhibition of Srs2p function; promotes formation of Rad51p filaments; important for both mitotic and meiotic homologous recombination, and contains a conserved SWIM domain that is necessary for both. (223 aa) |
| | STN1 | Protein STN1; Telomere end-binding and capping protein; plays a key role with Pol12p in linking telomerase action with completion of lagging strand synthesis, and in a regulatory step required for telomere capping; similar to human Stn1. (494 aa) |
| | UBC13 | E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme; involved in the error-free DNA postreplication repair pathway; interacts with Mms2p to assemble ubiquitin chains at the Ub Lys-63 residue; DNA damage triggers redistribution from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. (153 aa) |
| | MSH6 | Protein required for mismatch repair in mitosis and meiosis; forms a complex with Msh2p to repair both single-base & insertion-deletion mispairs; also involved in interstrand cross-link repair; potentially phosphorylated by Cdc28p. (1242 aa) |
| | RAD9 | DNA damage-dependent checkpoint protein; required for cell-cycle arrest in G1/S, intra-S, and G2/M, plays a role in postreplication repair (PRR) pathway; transmits checkpoint signal by activating Rad53p and Chk1p; hyperphosphorylated by Mec1p and Tel1p; multiple cyclin dependent kinase consensus sites and the C-terminal BRCT domain contribute to DNA damage checkpoint activation; Rad9p Chk1 Activating Domain (CAD) is phosphorylated at multiple sites by Cdc28p/Clb2p. (1309 aa) |
| | RNH202 | Ribonuclease H2 subunit; required for RNase H2 activity; role in ribonucleotide excision repair; related to human AGS2 that causes Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome. (350 aa) |
| | ESC2 | Sumo-like domain protein; prevents accumulation of toxic intermediates during replication-associated recombinational repair; roles in silencing, lifespan, chromatid cohesion and the intra-S-phase DNA damage checkpoint; RENi family member. (456 aa) |
| | XRS2 | Protein required for DNA repair; component of the Mre11 complex, which is involved in double strand breaks, meiotic recombination, telomere maintenance, and checkpoint signaling. (854 aa) |
| | MUS81 | Subunit of structure-specific Mms4p-Mus81p endonuclease; cleaves branched DNA; involved in DNA repair, replication fork stability, and joint molecule formation/resolution during meiotic recombination; promotes template switching during break-induced replication (BIR), causing non-reciprocal translocations (NRTs); helix-hairpin-helix protein; phosphorylation of non-catalytic subunit Mms4p by Cdc28p and Cdcp during mitotic cell cycle activates function of Mms4p-Mus81p; Belongs to the XPF family. (632 aa) |
| | RAD30 | DNA polymerase eta; involved in translesion synthesis during post-replication repair; catalyzes the synthesis of DNA opposite cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and other lesions; involved in formation of post-replicative damage-induced genome-wide cohesion; may also have a role in protection against mitochondrial mutagenesis; mutations in human pol eta are responsible for XPV. (632 aa) |
| | SLD5 | Subunit of the GINS complex (Sld5p, Psf1p, Psf2p, Psf3p); complex is localized to DNA replication origins and implicated in assembly of the DNA replication machinery; Belongs to the GINS4/SLD5 family. (294 aa) |
| | LCD1 | Essential protein required for the DNA integrity checkpoint pathways; interacts physically with Mec1p; putative homolog of S. pombe Rad26 and human ATRIP; forms nuclear foci upon DNA replication stress. (747 aa) |
| | MCM3 | DNA replication licensing factor MCM3; Protein involved in DNA replication; component of the Mcm2-7 hexameric helicase complex that binds chromatin as a part of the pre-replicative complex. (971 aa) |
| | YEN1 | Holliday junction resolvase; promotes template switching during break-induced replication (BIR), causing non-reciprocal translocations (NRTs); localization is cell-cycle dependent and regulated by Cdc28p phosphorylation; homolog of human GEN1; similar to S. cerevisiae endonuclease Rth1p. (759 aa) |
| | RAD51 | DNA repair protein RAD51; Strand exchange protein; forms a helical filament with DNA that searches for homology; involved in the recombinational repair of double-strand breaks in DNA during vegetative growth and meiosis; homolog of Dmc1p and bacterial RecA protein. (400 aa) |
| | MAG1 | 3-methyl-adenine DNA glycosylase; involved in protecting DNA against alkylating agents; initiates base excision repair by removing damaged bases to create abasic sites that are subsequently repaired; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; Belongs to the alkylbase DNA glycosidase AlkA family. (296 aa) |
| | RAD4 | Protein that recognizes and binds damaged DNA (with Rad23p) during NER; subunit of Nuclear Excision Repair Factor 2 (NEF2); also involved, with Rad23p, in turnover of ubiquitylated proteins; Rad4p-Rad23p heterodimer binds to promoters of DNA damage response genes to repress their transcription in the absence of DNA damage; NER stands for nucleotide excision repair; Belongs to the XPC family. (754 aa) |
| | RAD3 | 5' to 3' DNA helicase; involved in nucleotide excision repair and transcription; subunit of RNA polII initiation factor TFIIH and of Nucleotide Excision Repair Factor 3 (NEF3); homolog of human XPD protein; mutant has aneuploidy tolerance; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; Belongs to the helicase family. RAD3/XPD subfamily. (778 aa) |
| | RAD24 | Checkpoint protein; involved in the activation of the DNA damage and meiotic pachytene checkpoints; subunit of a clamp loader that loads Rad17p-Mec3p-Ddc1p onto DNA; homolog of human and S. pombe Rad17 protein. (659 aa) |
| | MSH4 | MutS protein homolog 4; Protein involved in meiotic recombination; required for normal levels of crossing over, colocalizes with Zip2p to discrete foci on meiotic chromosomes, has homology to bacterial MutS protein; Belongs to the DNA mismatch repair MutS family. (878 aa) |
| | MMS2 | Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme variant; involved in error-free postreplication repair; forms a heteromeric complex with Ubc13p, an active ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme; cooperates with chromatin-associated RING finger proteins, Rad18p and Rad5p; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress. (137 aa) |
| | LIF1 | Ligase-interacting factor 1; Component of the DNA ligase IV complex; this complex mediates nonhomologous end joining in DNA double-strand break repair; physically interacts with Dnl4p and Nej1p; homologous to mammalian XRCC4 protein. (421 aa) |
| | SLD3 | Protein involved in the initiation of DNA replication; required for proper assembly of replication proteins at the origins of replication; interacts with Cdc45p; localizes to nuclear foci that become diffuse upon DNA replication stress; homologous to the human Treslin/Ticrr protein. (668 aa) |
| | RAD54 | DNA repair and recombination protein RAD54; DNA-dependent ATPase that stimulates strand exchange; modifies the topology of double-stranded DNA; involved in the recombinational repair of double-strand breaks in DNA during vegetative growth and meiosis; member of the SWI/SNF family of DNA translocases; forms nuclear foci upon DNA replication stress. (898 aa) |
| | SAE2 | DNA endonuclease SAE2; Endonuclease required for telomere elongation; required for telomeric 5' C-rich strand resection; involved in ds-break repair and processing hairpin DNA structures with the MRX complex; function requires sumoylation and phosphorylation; exists as inactive oligomers that are transiently released into smaller active units by phosphorylation; DNA damage triggers Sae2p removal, so active Sae2p is present only transiently; sequence and functional similarity with human CtIP/RBBP8; Belongs to the COM1/SAE2/CtIP family. (345 aa) |
| | MCM6 | DNA replication licensing factor MCM6; Protein involved in DNA replication; component of the Mcm2-7 hexameric helicase complex that binds chromatin as a part of the pre-replicative complex; forms a subcomplex with Mcm4p and Mcm7p. (1017 aa) |
| | RAD2 | DNA repair protein RAD2; Single-stranded DNA endonuclease; cleaves single-stranded DNA during nucleotide excision repair to excise damaged DNA; subunit of Nucleotide Excision Repair Factor 3 (NEF3); homolog of human XPG protein. (1031 aa) |
| | SHU1 | Suppressor of HU sensitivity involved in recombination protein 1; Component of Shu complex (aka PCSS complex); Shu complex also includes Psy3, Csm2, Shu2, and promotes error-free DNA repair, mediates inhibition of Srs2p function; essential for promoting the establishment of homolog bias during meiotic homologous recombination; promotes both crossover (CO) and non-crossover (NCO) pathways of meiotic recombination and formation of Rad51p filaments. (150 aa) |
| | RRM3 | DNA helicase involved in rDNA replication and Ty1 transposition; binds to and suppresses DNA damage at G4 motifs in vivo; relieves replication fork pauses at telomeric regions; structurally and functionally related to Pif1p; Belongs to the helicase family. (723 aa) |
| | ORC6 | Subunit of the origin recognition complex (ORC); ORC directs DNA replication by binding to replication origins and is also involved in transcriptional silencing; phosphorylated by Cdc28p; mutation in the human Orc6p is linked to Meier-Gorlin syndrome. (435 aa) |
| | MSH1 | DNA-binding protein of the mitochondria; involved in repair of mitochondrial DNA; has ATPase activity and binds to DNA mismatches; has homology to E. coli MutS; transcription is induced during meiosis. (959 aa) |
| | RTT107 | Regulator of Ty1 transposition protein 107; Protein implicated in Mms22-dependent DNA repair during S phase; involved in recruiting the SMC5/6 complex to double-strand breaks; DNA damage induces phosphorylation by Mec1p at one or more SQ/TQ motifs; interacts with Mms22p and Slx4p; has four BRCT domains; has a role in regulation of Ty1 transposition; relative distribution to nuclear foci increases upon DNA replication stress. (1070 aa) |
| | DNA2 | Tripartite DNA replication factor; single-stranded DNA-dependent ATPase, ATP-dependent nuclease, helicase; tracking protein for flap cleavage during Okazaki fragment maturation; involved in DNA repair/processing of meiotic DNA double strand breaks; component of telomeric chromatin with cell-cycle dependent localization; required for telomerase-dependent telomere synthesis; forms nuclear foci upon DNA replication stress; human homolog DNA2 complements yeast dna2 mutant. (1522 aa) |
| | CTF8 | Chromosome transmission fidelity protein 8; Subunit of a complex with Ctf18p; shares some subunits with Replication Factor C; required for sister chromatid cohesion; Belongs to the CTF8 family. (133 aa) |
| | EST3 | Telomere replication protein EST3; Component of the telomerase holoenzyme; involved in telomere replication; synthesis of the full-length protein results from a programmed +1 ribosomal frameshift. (181 aa) |
| | CSM2 | Chromosome segregation in meiosis protein 2; Component of Shu complex (aka PCSS complex); Shu complex also includes Psy3, Shu1, Shu2, and promotes error-free DNA repair,; Shu complex mediates inhibition of Srs2p function; promotes formation of Rad51p filaments; Psy3p and Csm2p contain similar DNA-binding regions which work together to form a single DNA binding site; required for accurate chromosome segregation during meiosis. (213 aa) |
| | REV7 | Accessory subunit of DNA polymerase zeta; involved in translesion synthesis during post-replication repair; required for mutagenesis induced by DNA damage; involved in double-strand break repair; forms a complex with Rev3p, Pol31p and Pol32p; Belongs to the MAD2 family. (245 aa) |
| | MCM10 | Minichromosome maintenance protein 10; Essential chromatin-associated protein; involved in initiation of DNA replication; required for association of MCM2-7 complex with replication origins; required to stabilize catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase-alpha; self-associates through its N-terminal domain. (571 aa) |
| | MPH1 | 3'-5' DNA helicase involved in error-free bypass of DNA lesions; binds flap DNA, stimulates activity of Rad27p and Dna2p; prevents crossovers between ectopic sequences by removing substrates for Mus81-Mms4 or Rad1-Rad10 cleavage; homolog of human FANCM Fanconi anemia protein that is involved in stabilizing and remodeling blocked replication forks; member of SF2 DExD/H superfamily of helicases; nonsense or missense mutations in FANCM can make people more likely to get cancer. (993 aa) |
| | PRI1 | Subunit of DNA primase; DNA primase is required for DNA synthesis and double-strand break repair; Belongs to the eukaryotic-type primase small subunit family. (409 aa) |
| | RTT101 | Cullin-8; Cullin subunit of a Roc1p-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase complex; role in anaphase progression; required for recovery after DSB repair; implicated in Mms22-dependent DNA repair; involved with Mms1p in nonfunctional rRNA decay; modified by the ubiquitin-like protein, Rub1p. (842 aa) |
| | PSF2 | Subunit of the GINS complex (Sld5p, Psf1p, Psf2p, Psf3p); complex is localized to DNA replication origins and implicated in assembly of the DNA replication machinery; Belongs to the GINS2/PSF2 family. (213 aa) |
| | DPB11 | DNA replication initiation protein; loads DNA pol epsilon onto pre-replication complexes at origins; checkpoint sensor recruited to stalled replication forks by the checkpoint clamp complex where it activates Mec1p; along with Rfa1p, binds to ultrafine anaphase bridges in mitotic cells and prevents accumulation of chromatin bridges by stimulating the Mec1p kinase and suppressing homologous recombination; ortholog of human TopBP1; forms nuclear foci upon DNA replication stress. (764 aa) |
| | SRS2 | DNA helicase and DNA-dependent ATPase; involved in DNA repair and checkpoint recovery, needed for proper timing of commitment to meiotic recombination and transition from Meiosis I to II; blocks trinucleotide repeat expansion; affects genome stability; disassembles Rad51p nucleoprotein filaments during meiotic recombination; stimulates activity of the Mus81p-Mms4p endonuclease, independently of Srs2p catalytic activity; functional homolog of human RTEL1. (1174 aa) |
| | RFA3 | Subunit of heterotrimeric Replication Protein A (RPA); RPA is a highly conserved single-stranded DNA binding protein complex involved in DNA replication, repair, recombination; RPA protects against inappropriate telomere recombination, and upon telomere uncapping, prevents cell proliferation by a checkpoint-independent pathway; with Sgs1p-Top2p-Rmi1p, stimulates DNA catenation/decatenation activity of Top3p; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress. (122 aa) |
| | CDC6 | Cell division control protein 6; Essential ATP-binding protein required for DNA replication; component of the pre-replicative complex (pre-RC) which requires ORC to associate with chromatin and is in turn required for Mcm2-7p DNA association; homologous to S. pombe Cdc18p; relocalizes from nucleus to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress; degraded in response to plasma membrane stress. (513 aa) |
| | POL31 | Subunit of DNA polymerase delta (polymerase III); essential for cell viability; involved in DNA replication and DNA repair; forms a complex with Rev3p, Rev7p and Pol32p; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia. (487 aa) |
| | POL32 | Third subunit of DNA polymerase delta; involved in chromosomal DNA replication; required for error-prone DNA synthesis in the presence of DNA damage and processivity; forms a complex with Rev3p, Rev7p and Pol31p; interacts with Hys2p, PCNA (Pol30p), and Pol1p. (350 aa) |
| | TAH11 | Cell division cycle protein CDT1; DNA replication licensing factor; required for pre-replication complex assembly; Belongs to the Cdt1 family. (604 aa) |
| | RAD7 | Nucleotide excision repair (NER) protein; binds damaged DNA during NER; binds DNA in an ATP-dependent manner (with Rad16p) during NER; required for repair of non-transcribed chromatin; subunit of Nucleotide Excision Repair Factor 4 (NEF4) and the Elongin-Cullin-Socs (ECS) ligase complex. (565 aa) |
| | RFC2 | Subunit of heteropentameric Replication factor C (RF-C); RF-C is a DNA binding protein and ATPase that acts as a clamp loader of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) processivity factor for DNA polymerases delta and epsilon. (353 aa) |
| | HCS1 | Hexameric DNA polymerase alpha-associated DNA helicase A; involved in lagging strand DNA synthesis; contains single-stranded DNA stimulated ATPase and dATPase activities; replication protein A stimulates helicase and ATPase activities. (683 aa) |
| | PRI2 | Subunit of DNA primase; DNA primase is required for DNA synthesis and double-strand break repair; Belongs to the eukaryotic-type primase large subunit family. (528 aa) |
| | SLD2 | DNA replication regulator SLD2; Single-stranded DNA origin-binding and annealing protein; required for initiation of DNA replication; phosphorylated in S phase by cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks), promoting origin binding, DNA replication and Dpb11p complex formation; component of the preloading complex; binds the Mcm2-7p complex to prevent inappropriate Mcm2-7p interaction with the GINS complex in G1; required for S phase checkpoint; relative distribution to the nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress; Belongs to the SLD2 family. (453 aa) |
| | RAD27 | Flap endonuclease 1; 5' to 3' exonuclease, 5' flap endonuclease; required for Okazaki fragment processing and maturation, for long-patch base-excision repair and large loop repair (LLR), ribonucleotide excision repair; member of the S. pombe RAD2/FEN1 family; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia. (382 aa) |
| | APN1 | DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase 1; Major apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease; 3'-repair diesterase; involved in repair of DNA damage by oxidation and alkylating agents; also functions as a 3'-5' exonuclease to repair 7,8-dihydro-8-oxodeoxyguanosine; genetically interacts with NTG1 to maintain mitochondrial genome integrity; Belongs to the AP endonuclease 2 family. (367 aa) |
| | ORC3 | Subunit of the origin recognition complex (ORC); ORC directs DNA replication by binding to replication origins and is also involved in transcriptional silencing; Belongs to the ORC3 family. (616 aa) |
| | TEN1 | Telomere length regulation protein TEN1; Protein that regulates telomeric length; protects telomeric ends in a complex with Cdc13p and Stn1p; similar to human Ten1 which is critical for the telomeric function of the CST (Cdc13p-Stn1p-Ten1p) complex. (160 aa) |
| | RAD5 | DNA repair protein RAD5; DNA helicase/Ubiquitin ligase; involved in error-free DNA damage tolerance (DDT), replication fork regression during postreplication repair by template switching, error-prone translesion synthesis; promotes synthesis of free and PCNA-bound polyubiquitin chains by Ubc13p-Mms2p; forms nuclear foci upon DNA replication stress; associates with native telomeres, cooperates with homologous recombination in senescent cells; human homolog HLTF can complement yeast null mutant. (1169 aa) |
| | MLH2 | Protein involved in mismatch repair and meiotic recombination; only certain frameshift intermediates are mismatch repair substrates; forms a complex with Mlh1p. (695 aa) |
| | CDC45 | Cell division control protein 45; DNA replication initiation factor; recruited to MCM pre-RC complexes at replication origins; promotes release of MCM from Mcm10p, recruits elongation machinery; binds tightly to ssDNA, which disrupts interaction with the MCM helicase and stalls it during replication stress; mutants in human homolog may cause velocardiofacial and DiGeorge syndromes. (650 aa) |
| | SLX4 | Structure-specific endonuclease subunit SLX4; Endonuclease involved in processing DNA; acts during recombination, repair; promotes template switching during break-induced replication (BIR), causing non-reciprocal translocations (NRTs); cleaves branched structures in complex with Slx1p; involved in interstrand cross-link repair, Rad1p/Rad10p-dependent removal of 3'-nonhomologous tails during DSBR via single-strand annealing; relative distribution to nuclear foci increases upon DNA replication stress; FANCP-related factor; Belongs to the SLX4 family. (748 aa) |
| | RNH203 | Ribonuclease H2 subunit; required for RNase H2 activity; role in ribonucleotide excision repair; related to human AGS3 that causes Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome. (110 aa) |
| | EST1 | Telomere elongation protein EST1; TLC1 RNA-associated factor involved in telomere length regulation; recruitment subunit of telomerase; has G-quadruplex promoting activity required for telomere elongation; role in activating telomere-bound Est2p-TLC1-RNA; EST1 has a paralog, EBS1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (699 aa) |
| | TOP3 | DNA Topoisomerase III; conserved protein that functions in a complex with Sgs1p and Rmi1p to relax single-stranded negatively-supercoiled DNA preferentially; DNA catenation/decatenation activity is stimulated by RPA and Sgs1p-Top3p-Rmi1p; involved in telomere stability and regulation of mitotic recombination. (656 aa) |
| | NEJ1 | Non-homologous end-joining protein 1; Protein involved in regulation of nonhomologous end joining; interacts with DNA ligase IV components Dnl4p and Lif1p; repressed by MAT heterozygosity; regulates cellular distribution of Lif1p. (342 aa) |
| | MCM5 | Minichromosome maintenance protein 5; Component of the Mcm2-7 hexameric helicase complex; MCM complex is important for priming origins of DNA replication in G1 and becomes an active ATP-dependent helicase that promotes DNA melting and elongation when activated by Cdc7p-Dbf4p in S-phase. (775 aa) |
| | MEC3 | DNA damage and meiotic pachytene checkpoint protein; subunit of a heterotrimeric complex (Rad17p-Mec3p-Ddc1p) that forms a sliding clamp, loaded onto partial duplex DNA by a clamp loader complex; homolog of human and S. pombe Hus1. (474 aa) |
| | EST2 | Reverse transcriptase subunit of the telomerase holoenzyme; essential for telomerase core catalytic activity, involved in other aspects of telomerase assembly and function; mutations in human homolog are associated with aplastic anemia. (884 aa) |
| | MMS22 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase substrate receptor MMS22; Subunit of E3 ubiquitin ligase complex involved in replication repair; stabilizes protein components of the replication fork, such as the fork-pausing complex and leading strand polymerase, preventing fork collapse and promoting efficient recovery during replication stress; required for accurate meiotic chromosome segregation; Belongs to the MMS22 family. (1454 aa) |
| | PSY3 | Platinum sensitivity protein 3; Component of Shu complex (aka PCSS complex); Shu complex also includes Shu1, Csm2, Shu2, and promotes error-free DNA repair; promotes Rad51p filament assembly; Shu complex mediates inhibition of Srs2p function; Psy3p and Csm2p contain similar DNA-binding regions which work together to form a single DNA binding site; deletion of PSY3 results in a mutator phenotype; deletion increases sensitivity to anticancer drugs oxaliplatin and cisplatin but not mitomycin C. (242 aa) |
| | RIF2 | Protein that binds to the Rap1p C-terminus; acts synergistically with Rif1p to help control telomere length and establish telomeric silencing; deletion results in telomere elongation; RIF2 has a paralog, ORC4, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (395 aa) |
| | UNG1 | Uracil-DNA glycosylase; required for repair of uracil in DNA formed by spontaneous cytosine deamination; efficiently excises uracil from single-stranded DNA in vivo; not required for strand-specific mismatch repair; cell-cycle regulated, expressed in late G1; localizes to mitochondria and nucleus. (359 aa) |
| | RAD52 | DNA repair and recombination protein RAD52; Protein that stimulates strand exchange; stimulates strand exchange by facilitating Rad51p binding to single-stranded DNA; anneals complementary single-stranded DNA; involved in the repair of double-strand breaks in DNA during vegetative growth and meiosis and UV induced sister chromatid recombination; Belongs to the RAD52 family. (471 aa) |
| | OGG1 | DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase; Nuclear and mitochondrial glycosylase/lyase; specifically excises 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine residues located opposite cytosine or thymine residues in DNA, repairs oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA, contributes to UVA resistance; Belongs to the type-1 OGG1 family. (376 aa) |
| | RAD10 | DNA repair protein RAD10; Single-stranded DNA endonuclease (with Rad1p); cleaves single-stranded DNA during nucleotide excision repair and double-strand break repair; subunit of Nucleotide Excision Repair Factor 1 (NEF1); homolog of human ERCC1 protein; Belongs to the ERCC1/RAD10/SWI10 family. (210 aa) |
| | CSM3 | Chromosome segregation in meiosis protein 3; Replication fork associated factor; required for stable replication fork pausing; component of the DNA replication checkpoint pathway; required for accurate chromosome segregation during meiosis; forms nuclear foci upon DNA replication stress. (317 aa) |
| | CTF18 | Chromosome transmission fidelity protein 18; Subunit of a complex with Ctf8p; shares some subunits with Replication Factor C and is required for sister chromatid cohesion; may have overlapping functions with Rad24p in the DNA damage replication checkpoint; Belongs to the activator 1 small subunits family. CTF18 subfamily. (741 aa) |
| | YKU80 | ATP-dependent DNA helicase II subunit 2; Subunit of telomeric Ku complex (Yku70p-Yku80p); involved in telomere length maintenance, structure and telomere position effect; required for localization of telomerase ribonucleoprotein via interaction with TLC1 guide RNA; relocates to sites of double-strand cleavage to promote nonhomologous end joining during DSB repair; colocalizes with quiescent cell telomere hyperclusters; Belongs to the ku80 family. (629 aa) |
| | PSO2 | DNA cross-link repair protein PSO2/SNM1; Nuclease required for DNA single- and double-strand break repair; acts at a post-incision step in repair of breaks that result from interstrand cross-links produced by a variety of mono- and bi-functional psoralen derivatives; induced by UV-irradiation; forms nuclear foci upon DNA replication stress; Belongs to the DNA repair metallo-beta-lactamase (DRMBL) family. (661 aa) |
| | MLH1 | Protein required for mismatch repair in mitosis and meiosis; also required for crossing over during meiosis; forms a complex with Pms1p and Msh2p-Msh3p during mismatch repair; human homolog is associated with hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer; Belongs to the DNA mismatch repair MutL/HexB family. (769 aa) |
| | SGS1 | ATP-dependent helicase SGS1; RecQ family nucleolar DNA helicase; role in genome integrity maintenance, chromosome synapsis, meiotic joint molecule/crossover formation; stimulates activity of Top3p; rapidly lost in response to rapamycin in Rrd1p-dependent manner; forms nuclear foci upon DNA replication stress; yeast SGS1 complements mutations in human homolog BLM implicated in Bloom syndrome; also similar to human WRN implicated in Werner syndrome; human BLM and WRN can each complement yeast null mutant; Belongs to the helicase family. RecQ subfamily. (1447 aa) |
| | RAD14 | Protein that recognizes and binds damaged DNA during NER; subunit of Nucleotide Excision Repair Factor 1 (NEF1); contains zinc finger motif; homolog of human XPA protein; NER stands for nucleotide excision repair. (371 aa) |
| | MRE11 | Double-strand break repair protein MRE11; Nuclease subunit of the MRX complex with Rad50p and Xrs2p; complex functions in repair of DNA double-strand breaks and in telomere stability; Mre11p associates with Ser/Thr-rich ORFs in premeiotic phase; nuclease activity required for MRX function; widely conserved; forms nuclear foci upon DNA replication stress; Belongs to the MRE11/RAD32 family. (692 aa) |
| | RNH1 | Ribonuclease H1; able to bind double-stranded RNAs and RNA-DNA hybrids; associates with RNAse polymerase I. (348 aa) |
| | YKU70 | ATP-dependent DNA helicase II subunit 1; Subunit of the telomeric Ku complex (Yku70p-Yku80p); involved in telomere length maintenance, structure and telomere position effect; required for localization of telomerase ribonucleoprotein to nucleus via interaction with the TLC1 guide RNA; relocates to sites of double-strand cleavage to promote nonhomologous end joining during DSB repair. (602 aa) |
| | RNH201 | Ribonuclease H2 catalytic subunit; removes RNA primers during Okazaki fragment synthesis and errant ribonucleotides misincorporated during DNA replication; role in ribonucleotide excision repair; homolog of RNAse HI; related to human AGS4 which causes Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome. (307 aa) |
| | PMS1 | ATP-binding protein required for mismatch repair; required for both mitosis and meiosis; functions as a heterodimer with Mlh1p; binds double- and single-stranded DNA via its N-terminal domain, similar to E. coli MutL. (873 aa) |
| | POL1 | Catalytic subunit of the DNA polymerase I alpha-primase complex; required for the initiation of DNA replication during mitotic DNA synthesis and premeiotic DNA synthesis. (1468 aa) |
| | IPI3 | Pre-rRNA-processing protein IPI3; Component of the Rix1 complex and pre-replicative complexes (pre-RCs); required for processing of ITS2 sequences from 35S pre-rRNA; component of the pre-60S ribosomal particle with the dynein-related AAA-type ATPase Mdn1p; required for pre-RC formation and maintenance during DNA replication licensing; highly conserved protein which contains several WD40 motifs; IPI3 is an essential gene; other members include Rix1p, Ipi1p, and Ipi3p. (555 aa) |
| | RAP1 | DNA-binding protein RAP1; Essential DNA-binding transcription regulator that binds many loci; involved in transcription activation, repression, chromatin silencing, telomere length maintenance; relocalizes to cytosol under hypoxia; conserved protein with N-terminal BRCT domain, central region with homology to Myb DNA binding domain, and C-terminal Rap1-specific protein-interaction domain (RCT domain); recruits Sir complex to telomeric DNA; present in quiescent cell telomere hyperclusters. (827 aa) |
| | MGS1 | Protein with DNA-dependent ATPase and ssDNA annealing activities; involved in maintenance of genome; interacts functionally with DNA polymerase delta; homolog of human Werner helicase interacting protein (WHIP); forms nuclear foci upon DNA replication stress; Belongs to the AAA ATPase family. RarA/MGS1/WRNIP1 subfamily. (587 aa) |
| | RAD50 | DNA repair protein RAD50; Subunit of MRX complex with Mre11p and Xrs2p; complex is involved in processing double-strand DNA breaks in vegetative cells, initiation of meiotic DSBs, telomere maintenance, and nonhomologous end joining; forms nuclear foci upon DNA replication stress; Belongs to the SMC family. RAD50 subfamily. (1312 aa) |
| | ORC5 | Subunit of the origin recognition complex (ORC); ORC directs DNA replication by binding to replication origins and is also involved in transcriptional silencing. (479 aa) |
| | POL2 | Catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase (II) epsilon; a chromosomal DNA replication polymerase that exhibits processivity and proofreading exonuclease activity; participates in leading-strand synthesis during DNA replication; also involved in DNA synthesis during DNA repair; interacts extensively with Mrc1p. (2222 aa) |
| | TOF1 | Topoisomerase 1-associated factor 1; Subunit of a replication-pausing checkpoint complex; Tof1p-Mrc1p-Csm3p acts at the stalled replication fork to promote sister chromatid cohesion after DNA damage, facilitating gap repair of damaged DNA; interacts with the MCM helicase; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia. (1238 aa) |
| | RFC3 | Subunit of heteropentameric Replication factor C (RF-C); which is a DNA binding protein and ATPase that acts as a clamp loader of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) processivity factor for DNA polymerases delta and epsilon; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia. (340 aa) |
| | RFA2 | Subunit of heterotrimeric Replication Protein A (RPA); RPA is a highly conserved single-stranded DNA binding protein involved in DNA replication, repair, and recombination; RPA protects against inappropriate telomere recombination, and upon telomere uncapping, prevents cell proliferation by a checkpoint-independent pathway; in concert with Sgs1p-Top2p-Rmi1p, stimulates DNA catenation/decatenation activity of Top3p; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication s. (273 aa) |
| | NTG2 | Endonuclease III homolog 2; DNA N-glycosylase and apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) lyase; involved in base excision repair, localizes to the nucleus; sumoylated; NTG2 has a paralog, NTG1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (380 aa) |
| | CRT10 | Protein involved in transcriptional regulation of RNR2 and RNR3; expression of the gene is induced by DNA damage and null mutations confer increased resistance to hydroxyurea; N-terminal region has a leucine repeat and a WD40 repeat. (957 aa) |
| | MSH2 | Protein that binds to DNA mismatches; forms heterodimers with Msh3p and Msh6p that bind to DNA mismatches to initiate the mismatch repair process; contains a Walker ATP-binding motif required for repair activity and involved in interstrand cross-link repair; Msh2p-Msh6p binds to and hydrolyzes ATP. (964 aa) |
| | RFC4 | Subunit of heteropentameric Replication factor C (RF-C); which is a DNA binding protein and ATPase that acts as a clamp loader of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) processivity factor for DNA polymerases delta and epsilon; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia. (323 aa) |
| | PSF3 | Subunit of the GINS complex (Sld5p, Psf1p, Psf2p, Psf3p); complex is localized to DNA replication origins and implicated in assembly of the DNA replication machinery. (194 aa) |
| | DNL4 | DNA ligase required for nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ); forms stable heterodimer with required cofactor Lif1p, interacts with Nej1p; involved in meiosis, not essential for vegetative growth; mutations in human ortholog lead to ligase IV syndrome and Dubowitz syndrome; Belongs to the ATP-dependent DNA ligase family. (944 aa) |
| | EXO1 | Exodeoxyribonuclease 1; 5'-3' exonuclease and flap-endonuclease; involved in recombination, double-strand break repair, MMS2 error-free branch of the post replication (PRR) pathway and DNA mismatch repair; role in telomere maintenance; member of the Rad2p nuclease family, with conserved N and I nuclease domains; relative distribution to the nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress; EXO1 has a paralog, DIN7, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (702 aa) |
| | SLD7 | Mitochondrial morphogenesis protein SLD7; Protein with a role in chromosomal DNA replication; interacts with Sld3p and reduces its affinity for Cdc45p; deletion mutant has aberrant mitochondria. (257 aa) |
| | ELG1 | Telomere length regulation protein ELG1; Subunit of an alternative replication factor C complex; important for DNA replication and genome integrity; suppresses spontaneous DNA damage; involved in homologous recombination-mediated repair and telomere homeostasis; required for PCNA (Pol30p) unloading during DNA replication; Belongs to the ELG1 family. (791 aa) |
| | RFC1 | Subunit of heteropentameric Replication factor C (RF-C); RF-C is a DNA binding protein and ATPase that acts as a clamp loader of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) processivity factor for DNA polymerases delta and epsilon; Belongs to the activator 1 large subunit family. (861 aa) |
| | REV1 | DNA repair protein REV1; Deoxycytidyl transferase; involved in repair of abasic sites and adducted guanines in damaged DNA by translesion synthesis (TLS); forms a complex with the subunits of DNA polymerase zeta, Rev3p and Rev7p; relocalizes from nucleus to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress. (985 aa) |
| | RAD17 | Checkpoint protein; involved in the activation of the DNA damage and meiotic pachytene checkpoints; with Mec3p and Ddc1p, forms a clamp that is loaded onto partial duplex DNA; homolog of human and S. pombe Rad1 and U. maydis Rec1 proteins. (401 aa) |
| | CHL1 | Probable DNA helicase; involved in sister-chromatid cohesion and genome integrity and interstrand cross-link repair; interacts with ECO1 and CTF18; mutants are defective in silencing, rDNA recombination, aging and the heat shock response; FANCJ-like helicase family member; mutations in the human homolog, DDX11/ChLR1, cause Warsaw breakage syndrome; Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DEAH subfamily. DDX11/CHL1 sub-subfamily. (861 aa) |
| | RAD1 | Single-stranded DNA endonuclease (with Rad10p); cleaves single-stranded DNA during nucleotide excision repair and double-strand break repair; subunit of Nucleotide Excision Repair Factor 1 (NEF1); homolog of human XPF protein. (1100 aa) |
| | RMI1 | RecQ-mediated genome instability protein 1; Subunit of the RecQ (Sgs1p) - Topo III (Top3p) complex; stimulates superhelical relaxing, DNA catenation/decatenation and ssDNA binding activities of Top3p; involved in response to DNA damage; functions in S phase-mediated cohesion establishment via a pathway involving the Ctf18-RFC complex and Mrc1p; stimulates Top3p DNA catenation/decatenation activity; null mutants display increased rates of recombination and delayed S phase. (241 aa) |
| | RAD53 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase RAD53; DNA damage response protein kinase; required for cell-cycle arrest, regulation of copper genes in response to DNA damage; phosphorylates nuclear pores to counteract gene gating, preventing aberrant transitions at forks approaching transcribed genes; activates downstream kinase Dun1p; differentially senses mtDNA depletion, mitochondrial ROS; relocalizes to cytosol under hypoxia; human homolog CHEK2 implicated in breast cancer can complement yeast null mutant; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CHEK2 subfamily. (821 aa) |
| | MLH3 | Protein involved in DNA mismatch repair and meiotic recombination; involved in crossing-over during meiotic recombination; forms a complex with Mlh1p; mammalian homolog is implicated mammalian microsatellite instability; Belongs to the DNA mismatch repair MutL/HexB family. (715 aa) |
| | REV3 | Catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase zeta; involved in translesion synthesis during post-replication repair; required for mutagenesis induced by DNA damage; involved in double-strand break repair; forms a complex with Rev7p, Pol31p and Pol32p; Belongs to the DNA polymerase type-B family. (1504 aa) |
| | DDC1 | DNA damage checkpoint protein; part of a PCNA-like complex required for DNA damage response, required for pachytene checkpoint to inhibit cell cycle in response to unrepaired recombination intermediates; potential Cdc28p substrate; forms nuclear foci upon DNA replication stress; Belongs to the DDC1 family. (612 aa) |
| | MCM4 | DNA replication licensing factor MCM4; Essential helicase component of heterohexameric MCM2-7 complexes; MCM2-7 complexes bind pre-replication complexes on DNA and melt DNA prior to replication; forms an Mcm4p-6p-7p subcomplex; shows nuclear accumulation in G1; homolog of S. pombe Cdc21p. (933 aa) |
| | CTF4 | DNA polymerase alpha-binding protein; Chromatin-associated protein; required for sister chromatid cohesion; interacts with DNA polymerase alpha (Pol1p) and may link DNA synthesis to sister chromatid cohesion. (927 aa) |
| | ORC4 | Subunit of the origin recognition complex (ORC); ORC directs DNA replication by binding to replication origins and is also involved in transcriptional silencing; ORC4 has a paralog, RIF2, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (529 aa) |
| | MMS1 | Subunit of E3 ubiquitin ligase complex involved in replication repair; stabilizes protein components of the replication fork such as the fork-pausing complex and leading strand polymerase, preventing fork collapse and promoting efficient recovery during replication stress; regulates Ty1 transposition; involved with Rtt101p in nonfunctional rRNA decay. (1407 aa) |
| | DPB2 | Second largest subunit of DNA polymerase II (DNA polymerase epsilon); required for maintenance of fidelity of chromosomal replication; essential motif in C-terminus is required for formation of the four-subunit Pol epsilon; expression peaks at the G1/S phase boundary; Cdc28p substrate. (689 aa) |
