STRINGSTRING
OPI1 OPI1 DER1 DER1 NPL4 NPL4 YSY6 YSY6 FES1 FES1 UBC4 UBC4 TCM62 TCM62 RTG3 RTG3 SSA3 SSA3 SHP1 SHP1 EDE1 EDE1 FUS3 FUS3 NUP60 NUP60 CNE1 CNE1 GPB2 GPB2 CDC24 CDC24 DRS2 DRS2 PMT2 PMT2 SSA1 SSA1 CNB1 CNB1 STE3 STE3 YPK1 YPK1 PRR1 PRR1 YKL107W YKL107W LHS1 LHS1 STE6 STE6 YKL071W YKL071W NUP100 NUP100 NUP120 NUP120 MNS1 MNS1 STE24 STE24 SPT20 SPT20 SGT2 SGT2 ROD1 ROD1 TMC1 TMC1 AZF1 AZF1 RGA1 RGA1 PDR5 PDR5 PTP2 PTP2 STE4 STE4 STE13 STE13 RPT4 RPT4 PLP2 PLP2 KRE5 KRE5 GPB1 GPB1 SKS1 SKS1 PNG1 PNG1 BEM4 BEM4 MF(ALPHA)1 MF(ALPHA)1 CLN2 CLN2 OPY2 OPY2 ASR1 ASR1 NAT3 NAT3 SNF3 SNF3 PRR2 PRR2 RRI1 RRI1 SSB1 SSB1 REG1 REG1 VMS1 VMS1 YOS9 YOS9 DNF2 DNF2 STE5 STE5 SAN1 SAN1 SSY1 SSY1 UBC1 UBC1 CSN9 CSN9 PLP1 PLP1 NUP42 NUP42 VPS64 VPS64 UME6 UME6 VPS74 VPS74 STE14 STE14 DFM1 DFM1 MFA1 MFA1 SNF1 SNF1 YDR541C YDR541C GCN4 GCN4 ECM10 ECM10 RAD23 RAD23 GPA2 GPA2 MIG3 MIG3 GLN3 GLN3 PTP3 PTP3 UBC6 UBC6 SSA4 SSA4 GLC7 GLC7 DNF1 DNF1 GAT1 GAT1 BST1 BST1 STE2 STE2 HAC1 HAC1 OTU1 OTU1 FAR7 FAR7 ROG3 ROG3 ULI1 ULI1 PTR3 PTR3 AGA2 AGA2 YGL039W YGL039W OLE1 OLE1 RAD6 RAD6 MF(ALPHA)2 MF(ALPHA)2 SRM1 SRM1 HUL5 HUL5 RTG2 RTG2 ORM1 ORM1 KSS1 KSS1 UFD1 UFD1 GTR2 GTR2 UBR1 UBR1 YHB1 YHB1 EFG1 EFG1 STE20 STE20 ETP1 ETP1 UBX7 UBX7 ECM29 ECM29 GPA1 GPA1 YHI9 YHI9 SLT2 SLT2 IRE1 IRE1 STE12 STE12 YCK1 YCK1 RPL42B RPL42B KOG1 KOG1 MNL1 MNL1 EPS1 EPS1 BAR1 BAR1 SSM4 SSM4 CST6 CST6 POG1 POG1 STS1 STS1 DAL81 DAL81 KAR2 KAR2 UBX6 UBX6 YJL055W YJL055W YJL068C YJL068C JEM1 JEM1 SCP160 SCP160 IML2 IML2 TRL1 TRL1 BCK1 BCK1 GZF3 GZF3 RPB4 RPB4 YJL144W YJL144W SSY5 SSY5 FAR1 FAR1 SAG1 SAG1 SSC1 SSC1 YJR084W YJR084W STE18 STE18 GRR1 GRR1 UFD2 UFD2 UGA3 UGA3 SFA1 SFA1 CDC36 CDC36 STE7 STE7 RGT2 RGT2 CDC48 CDC48 NUP84 NUP84 GET3 GET3 PMT1 PMT1 UBX3 UBX3 ASM4 ASM4 GPR1 GPR1 PTC1 PTC1 CDC39 CDC39 KIN82 KIN82 FIG2 FIG2 ADF1 ADF1 FYV5 FYV5 PBN1 PBN1 POF1 POF1 PDI1 PDI1 STE50 STE50 MEH1 MEH1 DAL80 DAL80 NUP133 NUP133 SSA2 SSA2 UBR2 UBR2 AFB1 AFB1 MNL2 MNL2 HRT3 HRT3 LCL2 LCL2 CCW12 CCW12 HRD3 HRD3 SEC13 SEC13 UCC1 UCC1 CDC42 CDC42 FAR10 FAR10 HSP60 HSP60 MID2 MID2 NUP2 NUP2 ORM2 ORM2 STE11 STE11 SSQ1 SSQ1 SEC61 SEC61 STE23 STE23 CNA1 CNA1 SST2 SST2 UBX2 UBX2 USA1 USA1 CMP2 CMP2 UFO1 UFO1 NUP188 NUP188 GTR1 GTR1 UBC7 UBC7 CSI1 CSI1 FAR8 FAR8 FAR3 FAR3 UBX4 UBX4 ASI1 ASI1 HLJ1 HLJ1 DNF3 DNF3 ADD37 ADD37 SCJ1 SCJ1 CUE1 CUE1 RCE1 RCE1 DSK2 DSK2 SIS1 SIS1 ASI3 ASI3 NCE103 NCE103 BOP3 BOP3 MSG5 MSG5 YDJ1 YDJ1 NMA111 NMA111 FAR11 FAR11 YNL134C YNL134C MFA2 MFA2 GIM3 GIM3 YCK2 YCK2 ASI2 ASI2 RPL42A RPL42A MDG1 MDG1 SSB2 SSB2 CLA4 CLA4 BXI1 BXI1 ZIM17 ZIM17 DAL82 DAL82 AGA1 AGA1 FPK1 FPK1 HRD1 HRD1 RTG1 RTG1 ATG19 ATG19 RRI2 RRI2
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OPI1Transcriptional repressor OPI1; Transcriptional regulator of a variety of genes; phosphorylation by protein kinase A stimulates Opi1p function in negative regulation of phospholipid biosynthetic genes; involved in telomere maintenance; null exhibits disrupted mitochondrial metabolism and low cardiolipin content, strongly correlated with overproduction of inositol; binds to phosphatidic acid. (404 aa)
DER1Degradation in the endoplasmic reticulum protein 1; ER membrane protein that promotes export of misfolded polypeptides; required for ER-associated protein degradation of misfolded or unassembled proteins; initiates export of aberrant polypeptides from ER lumen by threading them into ER membrane and routing them to Hrd1p for ubiquitination; function normally requires N-terminal acetylation by NatB; N- and C- termini protrude into cytoplasm; similar to Dfm1p; homolog of mammalian derlin-1. (211 aa)
NPL4Nuclear protein localization protein 4; Substrate-recruiting cofactor of the Cdc48p-Npl4p-Ufd1p segregase; assists Cdc48p in the dislocation of misfolded, polyubiquitinated ERAD substrates that are subsequently delivered to the proteasome for degradation; also involved in the regulated destruction of resident ER membrane proteins, such as HMG-CoA reductase (Hmg1/2p) and cytoplasmic proteins (Fbp1p); role in mobilizing membrane bound transcription factors by regulated ubiquitin/proteasome-dependent processing (RUP). (580 aa)
YSY6Protein of unknown function; expression suppresses a secretory pathway mutation in E. coli; has similarity to the mammalian RAMP4 protein involved in secretion. (65 aa)
FES1Hsp70 (Ssa1p) nucleotide exchange factor; required for the release of misfolded proteins from the Hsp70 system to the Ub-proteasome machinery for destruction; cytosolic homolog of Sil1p, which is the nucleotide exchange factor for BiP (Kar2p) in the endoplasmic reticulum; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress. (290 aa)
UBC4Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2); key E2 partner with Ubc1p for the anaphase-promoting complex (APC); mediates degradation of abnormal or excess proteins, including calmodulin and histone H3; regulates levels of DNA Polymerase-{alpha} to promote efficient and accurate DNA replication; interacts with many SCF ubiquitin protein ligases; component of the cellular stress response; UBC4 has a paralog, UBC5, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (148 aa)
TCM62Mitochondrial chaperone TCM62; Protein involved in assembly of the succinate dehydrogenase complex; mitochondrial; putative chaperone. (572 aa)
RTG3Retrograde regulation protein 3; bHLH/Zip transcription factor for retrograde (RTG) and TOR pathways; forms a complex with another bHLH/Zip protein, Rtg1p, to activate the pathways; target of Hog1p. (486 aa)
SSA3Heat shock protein SSA3; ATPase involved in protein folding and the response to stress; plays a role in SRP-dependent cotranslational protein-membrane targeting and translocation; member of the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) family; localized to the cytoplasm; SSA3 has a paralog, SSA4, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (649 aa)
SHP1UBX domain-containing substrate adaptor for Cdc48p; ubiquitin regulatory X domain-containing protein that acts as a substrate recruiting cofactor for Cdc48p; positively regulates Glc7p PPase activity to promote growth and mitotic progression in complex with Cdc48p; ubiquitinated protein interactor involved in ER-associated degradation (ERAD); regulated by nuclear Ub-dependent degradation (INMAD pathway) independent of the Asi and Doa10 complexes; homolog of human p47 (NSFL1C). (423 aa)
EDE1EH domain-containing and endocytosis protein 1; Scaffold protein involved in the formation of early endocytic sites; putative regulator of cytokinesis; homo-oligomerization is required for localization to and organization of endocytic sites; has a network of interactions with other endocytic proteins; binds membranes in a ubiquitin-dependent manner; may also bind ubiquitinated membrane-associated proteins; interacts with Cmk2 and functions upstream of CMK2 in regulating non-apoptotic cell death; homolog of mammalian Eps15; Belongs to the VDP/USO1/EDE1 family. (1381 aa)
FUS3Mitogen-activated serine/threonine protein kinase involved in mating; phosphoactivated by Ste7p; substrates include Ste12p, Far1p, Bni1p, Sst2p; inhibits invasive growth during mating by phosphorylating Tec1p, promoting its; inhibits recruitment of Ste5p, Cdc42p-mediated asymmetry and mating morphogenesis. (353 aa)
NUP60FG-nucleoporin component of central core of the nuclear pore complex; contributes directly to nucleocytoplasmic transport and maintenance of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) permeability barrier and is involved in gene tethering at the nuclear periphery; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia; both NUP1 and NUP60 are homologous to human NUP153. (539 aa)
CNE1Calnexin; integral membrane ER chaperone involved in folding and quality control of glycoproteins; chaperone activity is inhibited by Mpd1p, with which Cne1p interacts; 24% identical to mammalian calnexin; Ca+ binding not yet shown in yeast. (502 aa)
GPB2Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta 2; Multistep regulator of cAMP-PKA signaling; inhibits PKA downstream of Gpa2p and Cyr1p, thereby increasing cAMP dependency; inhibits Ras activity through direct interactions with Ira1p/2p; regulated by G-alpha protein Gpa2p; GPB2 has a paralog, GPB1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (880 aa)
CDC24Cell division control protein 24; Guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Cdc42p; required for polarity establishment and maintenance, and mutants have morphological defects in bud formation and shmooing; relocalizes from nucleus to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress; thermosensitivity of the cdc24-4 mutant in the presence of sorbitol is functionally complemented by human CDC42. (854 aa)
DRS2Probable phospholipid-transporting ATPase DRS2; Trans-golgi network aminophospholipid translocase (flippase); maintains membrane lipid asymmetry in post-Golgi secretory vesicles; contributes to clathrin-coated vesicle formation, endocytosis, protein trafficking between the Golgi and endosomal system and the cellular response to mating pheromone; autoinhibited by its C-terminal tail; localizes to the trans-Golgi network; mutations in human homolog ATP8B1 result in liver disease; Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type IV subfamily. (1355 aa)
PMT2Dolichyl-phosphate-mannose--protein mannosyltransferase 2; Protein O-mannosyltransferase of the ER membrane; transfers mannose residues from dolichyl phosphate-D-mannose to protein serine/threonine residues; involved in ER quality control; acts in a complex with Pmt1p, can instead interact with Pmt5p; antifungal drug target; PMT2 has a paralog, PMT3, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (759 aa)
SSA1Heat shock protein SSA1; ATPase involved in protein folding and NLS-directed nuclear transport; member of HSP70 family; required for ubiquitin-dependent degradation of short-lived proteins; forms chaperone complex with Ydj1p; localized to nucleus, cytoplasm, cell wall; 98% identical to paralog Ssa2p with different functional specificity in propagation of yeast [URE3] prions, vacuolar-mediated degradations of gluconeogenesis enzymes; general targeting factor of Hsp104p to prion fibrils. (642 aa)
CNB1Calcineurin B; regulatory subunit of calcineurin, a Ca++/calmodulin-regulated type 2B protein phosphatase which regulates Crz1p (stress-response transcription factor); other calcineurin subunit encoded by CNA1 and/or CMP1; regulates function of Aly1p alpha-arrestin; myristoylation by Nmt1p reduces calcineurin activity in response to submaximal Ca signals, is needed to prevent constitutive phosphatase activity; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress. (175 aa)
STE3Receptor for a factor pheromone; couples to MAP kinase cascade to mediate pheromone response; transcribed in alpha cells and required for mating by alpha cells, ligand bound receptors endocytosed and recycled to the plasma membrane; GPCR. (470 aa)
YPK1Serine/threonine-protein kinase YPK1; S/T protein kinase; phosphorylates, downregulates flippase activator Fpk1p; inactivates Orm1p and Orm2p by phosphorylation in response to compromised sphingolipid synthesis; involved in the TORC-dependent phosphorylation of ribosomal proteins Rps6a/b (S6); mutations affect receptor-mediated endocytosis and sphingolipid-mediated and cell integrity signaling pathways; human homolog SGK1 can complement a null mutant; human homolog SGK2 can complement a ypk1 ypk2 double mutant; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase famil [...] (680 aa)
PRR1Serine/threonine-protein kinase PRR1; Serine/threonine protein kinase; inhibits pheromone induced signaling downstream of MAPK, possibly at the level of the Ste12p transcription factor. (518 aa)
YKL107WUncharacterized oxidoreductase YKL107W; Putative short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase; proposed to be a palmitoylated membrane protein. (309 aa)
LHS1Heat shock protein 70 homolog LHS1; Molecular chaperone of the endoplasmic reticulum lumen; involved in polypeptide translocation and folding; nucleotide exchange factor for the ER lumenal Hsp70 chaperone Kar2p; regulated by the unfolded protein response pathway. (881 aa)
STE6Alpha-factor-transporting ATPase; Plasma membrane ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter; required for the export of a-factor, catalyzes ATP hydrolysis coupled to a-factor transport; contains 12 transmembrane domains and two ATP binding domains; expressed only in MATa cells; human homolog ABCB1 mediates multidrug resistance in many chemotherapy-resistant tumors by effluxing toxic compounds from the cell. (1290 aa)
YKL071WUncharacterized oxidoreductase YKL071W; Putative protein of unknown function; expression induced in cells treated with the mycotoxin patulin, and also the quinone methide triterpene celastrol; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm. (256 aa)
NUP100FG-nucleoporin component of central core of the nuclear pore complex; contributes directly to nucleocytoplasmic transport and maintenance of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) permeability barrier and is involved in gene tethering at the nuclear periphery; NUP100 has a paralog, NUP116, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (959 aa)
NUP120Nucleoporin NUP120; Subunit of the Nup84p subcomplex of the nuclear pore complex (NPC); contributes to nucleocytoplasmic transport and NPC biogenesis and is involved in establishment of a normal nucleocytoplasmic concentration gradient of the GTPase Gsp1p; also plays roles in several processes that may require localization of genes or chromosomes at the nuclear periphery, including double-strand break repair, transcription and chromatin silencing; homologous to human NUP160. (1037 aa)
MNS1Endoplasmic reticulum mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase; Alpha-1,2-mannosidase; involved in ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD); catalyzes the removal of one mannose residue from a glycosylated protein, converting the modification from Man9GlcNAc to Man8GlcNAc; catalyzes the last step in glycoprotein maturation in the ER and is critical for ER protein degradation. (549 aa)
STE24CAAX prenyl protease 1; Highly conserved zinc metalloprotease; functions in two steps of a-factor maturation, C-terminal CAAX proteolysis and the first step of N-terminal proteolytic processing; cleaves both isoprenylated and non-prenylated oligopeptides; contains multiple transmembrane spans; human homolog ZMPSTE24 implicated in mandibuloacral dysplasia (MAD), and can complement yeast null mutant. (453 aa)
SPT20Transcription factor SPT20; Subunit of the SAGA transcriptional regulatory complex; involved in maintaining the integrity of the complex; mutant displays reduced transcription elongation in the G-less-based run-on (GLRO) assay. (604 aa)
SGT2Small glutamine-rich tetratricopeptide repeat-containing protein 2; Glutamine-rich cytoplasmic cochaperone; serves as a scaffold bringing together Get4, Get5p, and other TRC complex members that are required to mediate posttranslational insertion of tail-anchored proteins into the ER membrane; interacts with the prion domain of Sup35p; amyloid sensor; plays a role in targeting chaperones to prion aggregates; similar to human cochaperone SGT; forms cytoplasmic foci upon DNA replication stress. (346 aa)
ROD1Protein ROD1; Alpha-arrestin involved in ubiquitin-dependent endocytosis; activating dephosphorylation relays glucose signaling to transporter endocytosis; calcineurin dephosphorylation is required for Rsp5p-dependent internalization of agonist-occupied Ste2p, as part of signal desensitization; recruits Rsp5p to Ste2p via its 2 PPXY motifs; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; ROD1 has a paralog, ROG3, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (837 aa)
TMC1AN1-type zinc finger protein, effector of proteotoxic stress response; stress-inducible transcriptional target of Rpn4p; induced by nitrogen limitation, weak acid, misfolded proteins; short-lived protein, degraded by proteasome; may protect cells from trivalent metalloid induced proteotoxicity; contains PACE promoter element; ortholog of human AIRAP, which stimulates proteasome activity in response to arsenic; protein abundance increases under DNA replication stress. (150 aa)
AZF1Asparagine-rich zinc finger protein AZF1; Zinc-finger transcription factor; involved in diauxic shift; in the presence of glucose, activates transcription of genes involved in growth and carbon metabolism; in nonfermentable carbon sources, activates transcription of genes involved in maintenance of cell wall integrity; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia. (914 aa)
RGA1GTPase-activating protein for polarity-establishment protein Cdc42p; implicated in control of septin organization, pheromone response, and haploid invasive growth; relocalizes from bud neck to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress; RGA1 has a paralog, RGA2, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (1007 aa)
PDR5Pleiotropic ABC efflux transporter of multiple drugs; Plasma membrane ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter; multidrug transporter actively regulated by Pdr1p; also involved in steroid transport, cation resistance, and cellular detoxification during exponential growth; PDR5 has a paralog, PDR15, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (1511 aa)
PTP2Tyrosine-protein phosphatase 2; Nuclear phosphotyrosine-specific phosphatase involved in osmosensing; involved in the inactivation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) during osmolarity sensing; dephosporylates Hog1p MAPK and regulates its localization; with Msg5p co-regulates the calcium signaling pathway. (750 aa)
STE4G protein beta subunit; forms a dimer with Ste18p to activate mating signaling pathway, forms heterotrimer with Gpa1p and Ste18p to dampen signaling; pheromone-induced phosphorylation plays critical role in chemotropism; may recruit Rho1p to polarized growth site during mating; contains WD40 repeats. (423 aa)
STE13Dipeptidyl aminopeptidase; Golgi integral membrane protein that cleaves on the carboxyl side of repeating -X-Ala- sequences, required for maturation of alpha factor, transcription is induced by a-factor. (931 aa)
RPT426S proteasome subunit RPT4; ATPase of the 19S regulatory particle of the 26S proteasome; one of six ATPases of the regulatory particle; involved in degradation of ubiquitinated substrates; contributes preferentially to ERAD; required for spindle pole body duplication; mainly nuclear localization. (437 aa)
PLP2Phosducin-like protein 2; Protein that interacts with the CCT complex to stimulate actin folding; has similarity to phosducins; null mutant lethality is complemented by mouse phosducin-like protein MgcPhLP; CCT is short for chaperonin containing TCP-1; essential gene. (286 aa)
KRE5Killer toxin-resistance protein 5; Protein required for beta-1,6 glucan biosynthesis; mutations result in aberrant morphology and severe growth defects. (1365 aa)
GPB1Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta 1; Multistep regulator of cAMP-PKA signaling; inhibits PKA downstream of Gpa2p and Cyr1p, thereby increasing cAMP dependency; promotes ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis of Ira2p; regulated by G-alpha protein Gpa2p; GPB1 has a paralog, GPB2, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (897 aa)
SKS1Serine/threonine-protein kinase SKS1; Putative serine/threonine protein kinase; involved in the adaptation to low concentrations of glucose independent of the SNF3 regulated pathway; SKS1 has a paralog, VHS1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (502 aa)
PNG1Peptide-N(4)-(N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl)asparagine amidase; Conserved peptide N-glycanase; deglycosylating enzyme that cleaves N-glycans that are attached to misfolded ERAD substrate glycoproteins prior to proteasome-dependent degradation; localizes to the cytoplasm and nucleus; activity is enhanced by interaction with Rad23p; human ortholog NGLY1 is associated with a syndrome characterized by developmental delays, epilepsy, absence of tears and liver disease; Belongs to the transglutaminase-like superfamily. PNGase family. (363 aa)
BEM4Bud emergence protein 4; Protein involved in establishment of cell polarity and bud emergence; interacts with the Rho1p small GTP-binding protein and with the Rho-type GTPase Cdc42p; involved in maintenance of proper telomere length. (633 aa)
MF(ALPHA)1Mating pheromone alpha-factor, made by alpha cells; interacts with mating type a cells to induce cell cycle arrest and other responses leading to mating; also encoded by MF(ALPHA)2, although MF(ALPHA)1 produces most alpha-factor; binds copper(II) ions. (165 aa)
CLN2G1/S-specific cyclin CLN2; G1 cyclin involved in regulation of the cell cycle; activates Cdc28p kinase to promote the G1 to S phase transition; late G1 specific expression depends on transcription factor complexes, MBF (Swi6p-Mbp1p) and SBF (Swi6p-Swi4p); CLN2 has a paralog, CLN1, that arose from the whole genome duplication; cell cycle arrest phenotype of the cln1 cln2 cln3 triple null mutant is complemented by any of human cyclins CCNA2, CCNB1, CCNC, CCND1, or CCNE1. (545 aa)
OPY2Protein OPY2; Integral membrane protein that acts as a membrane anchor for Ste50p; involved in the signaling branch of the high-osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway and as a regulator of the filamentous growth pathway; overproduction blocks cell cycle arrest in the presence of mating pheromone; relocalizes from vacuole to plasma membrane upon DNA replication stress. (360 aa)
ASR1Alcohol-sensitive RING finger protein 1; Ubiquitin ligase that modifies and regulates RNA Pol II; involved in a putative alcohol-responsive signaling pathway; accumulates in the nucleus under alcohol stress; has a role in organization of septins and the actin cytoskeleton; contains a Ring/PHD finger domain similar to the mammalian rA9 protein. (288 aa)
NAT3Catalytic subunit of the NatB N-terminal acetyltransferase; NatB catalyzes acetylation of the amino-terminal methionine residues of all proteins beginning with Met-Asp or Met-Glu and of some proteins beginning with Met-Asn or Met-Met; Belongs to the acetyltransferase family. GNAT subfamily. (195 aa)
SNF3Plasma membrane low glucose sensor, regulates glucose transport; high affinity sensor that contains 12 predicted transmembrane segments and a long C-terminal tail required for induction of hexose transporters; also senses fructose and mannose; SNF3 has a paralog, RGT2, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (884 aa)
PRR2Serine/threonine-protein kinase PRR2; Serine/threonine protein kinase; inhibits pheromone induced signalling downstream of MAPK, possibly at the level of the Ste12p transcription factor; mutant has increased aneuploidy tolerance; PRR2 has a paralog, NPR1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (699 aa)
RRI1Catalytic subunit of the COP9 signalosome (CSN) complex; acts as an isopeptidase in cleaving the ubiquitin-like protein Nedd8 from SCF ubiquitin ligases; metalloendopeptidase involved in the adaptation to pheromone signaling; involved in modulation of genes controlling amino acid and lipid metabolism, and ergosterol biosynthesis; Belongs to the peptidase M67A family. CSN5 subfamily. (440 aa)
SSB1Cytoplasmic ATPase that is a ribosome-associated molecular chaperone; functions with J-protein partner Zuo1p; may be involved in folding of newly-made polypeptide chains; member of the HSP70 family; interacts with phosphatase subunit Reg1p; SSB1 has a paralog, SSB2, that arose from the whole genome duplication; Belongs to the heat shock protein 70 family. Ssb-type Hsp70 subfamily. (613 aa)
REG1Regulatory subunit of type 1 protein phosphatase Glc7p; involved in negative regulation of glucose-repressible genes; involved in regulation of the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of Hxk2p; REG1 has a paralog, REG2, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (1014 aa)
VMS1Protein VMS1; Component of a Cdc48p-complex involved in protein quality control; exhibits cytosolic and ER-membrane localization, with Cdc48p, during normal growth, and contributes to ER-associated degradation (ERAD) of specific substrates at a step after their ubiquitination; forms a mitochondrially-associated complex with Cdc48p and Npl4p under oxidative stress that is required for ubiquitin-mediated mitochondria-associated protein degradation (MAD); conserved in C. elegans and humans; Belongs to the ANKZF1/VMS1 family. (632 aa)
YOS9Protein OS-9 homolog; ER quality-control lectin; integral subunit of the HRD ligase; participates in efficient ER retention of misfolded proteins by recognizing them and delivering them to Hrd1p; binds to glycans with terminal alpha-1,6 linked mannose on misfolded N-glycosylated proteins and participates in targeting proteins to ERAD; member of the OS-9 protein family. (542 aa)
DNF2Phospholipid-transporting ATPase DNF2; Aminophospholipid translocase (flippase); type 4 P-type ATPase; involved in phospholipid translocation, contributing to endocytosis, protein transport, and cellular polarization; localizes primarily to the plasma membrane; localizes to the shmoo tip where it has a redundant role in the cellular response to mating pheromone; DNF2 has a paralog, DNF1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (1612 aa)
STE5Protein STE5; Pheromone-responsive MAPK scaffold protein; couples activation of the G-protein-coupled pheromone receptor to MAPK activation; intramolecular interaction of PH and VWA domains blocks activation of assembled signaling cascade components (Ste11p, Ste7p and Fus3p) under basal conditions; Gbeta-gamma (Ste4p-Ste18p)-dependent docking at the plasma membrane and binding of PI(4,5)P2 by the PH domain relieves autoinhibition, resulting in pheromone-dependent pathway activation. (917 aa)
SAN1Ubiquitin-protein ligase; involved in proteasome-dependent degradation of aberrant nuclear proteins; targets substrates with regions of exposed hydrophobicity containing 5 or more contiguous hydrophobic residues; contains intrinsically disordered regions that contribute to substrate recognition; prefers a window of exposed hydrophobicity that causes a particular level of protein insolubility, suggesting that San1p evolved to target highly aggregation-prone proteins. (610 aa)
SSY1SPS-sensor component SSY1; Component of the SPS plasma membrane amino acid sensor system; senses external amino acid concentration and transmits intracellular signals that result in regulation of expression of amino acid permease genes; other members are Ssy1p, Ptr3p, and Ssy5p. (852 aa)
UBC1Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme; key E2 partner with Ubc4p for the anaphase-promoting complex (APC); mediates selective degradation of short-lived and abnormal proteins; plays a role in vesicle biogenesis and ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD); component of the cellular stress response; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress key E2 partner with Ubc4p for the anaphase-promoting complex (APC). (215 aa)
CSN9Subunit of the Cop9 signalosome; Cop9 signalosome is required for deneddylation, or removal of the ubiquitin-like protein Rub1p from Cdc53p (cullin); involved in adaptation to pheromone signaling. (162 aa)
PLP1Phosducin-like protein 1; Protein that interacts with CCT (chaperonin containing TCP-1) complex; has a role in actin and tubulin folding; has weak similarity to phosducins, which are G-protein regulators; Belongs to the phosducin family. (230 aa)
NUP42FG-nucleoporin component of central core of the nuclear pore complex; also part of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) cytoplasmic filaments; contributes directly to nucleocytoplasmic transport and maintenance of the NPC permeability barrier and is involved in gene tethering at the nuclear periphery; interacts with Gle1p. (430 aa)
VPS64Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 64; Protein required for cytoplasm to vacuole targeting of proteins; forms a complex with Far3p and Far7p to Far11p involved in recovery from pheromone-induced cell cycle arrest; mutant has increased aneuploidy tolerance; VPS64 has a paralog, FAR10, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (604 aa)
UME6Transcriptional regulatory protein UME6; Rpd3L histone deacetylase complex subunit; key transcriptional regulator of early meiotic genes; involved in chromatin remodeling and transcriptional repression via DNA looping; binds URS1 upstream regulatory sequence, represses transcription by recruiting conserved histone deacetylase Rpd3p (through co-repressor Sin3p) and chromatin-remodeling factor Isw2p; couples metabolic responses to nutritional cues with initiation and progression of meiosis, forms compl. (836 aa)
VPS74Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 74; Golgi phosphatidylinositol-4-kinase effector and PtdIns4P sensor; interacts with the cytosolic domains of cis and medial glycosyltransferases, and in the PtdIns4P-bound state mediates the targeting of these enzymes to the Golgi; interacts with the catalytic domain of Sac1p, the major cellular PtdIns4P phosphatase, to direct dephosphosphorylation of the Golgi pool of PtdIns4P; tetramerization required for function; ortholog of human GOLPH3/GPP34/GMx33; Belongs to the GOLPH3/VPS74 family. (345 aa)
STE14Protein-S-isoprenylcysteine O-methyltransferase; Farnesyl cysteine-carboxyl methyltransferase; mediates the carboxyl methylation step during C-terminal CAAX motif processing of a-factor and RAS proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum, localizes to the ER membrane; Belongs to the class VI-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Isoprenylcysteine carboxyl methyltransferase family. (239 aa)
DFM1DER1-like family member protein 1; Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) localized protein; involved in ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD), ER stress, and homeostasis; interacts with components of ERAD-L and ERAD-C and Cdc48p; derlin-like family member similar to Der1p; Belongs to the derlin family. (341 aa)
MFA1Mating pheromone a-factor; made by a cells; interacts with alpha cells to induce cell cycle arrest and other responses leading to mating; biogenesis involves C-terminal modification, N-terminal proteolysis, and export; also encoded by MFA2. (36 aa)
SNF1AMP-activated S/T protein kinase; forms a complex with Snf4p and members of the Sip1p/Sip2p/Gal83p family; required for transcription of glucose-repressed genes, thermotolerance, sporulation, and peroxisome biogenesis; regulates nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of Hxk2p; regulates filamentous growth and acts as a non-canonical GEF, activating Arf3p during invasive growth; SUMOylation by Mms21p inhibits its function and targets Snf1p for destruction via the Slx5-Slx8 Ub ligase. (633 aa)
YDR541CPutative uncharacterized oxidoreductase YDR541C; Aldehyde reductase; substrates include both aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes; uses NADPH as cofactor; SWAT-GFP and mCherry fusion proteins localize to the endoplasmic reticulum and vacuole respectively; Belongs to the NAD(P)-dependent epimerase/dehydratase family. Dihydroflavonol-4-reductase subfamily. (344 aa)
GCN4General control protein GCN4; bZIP transcriptional activator of amino acid biosynthetic genes; activator responds to amino acid starvation; expression is tightly regulated at both the transcriptional and translational levels; Belongs to the bZIP family. GCN4 subfamily. (281 aa)
ECM10Heat shock protein of the Hsp70 family; localized in mitochondrial nucleoids, plays a role in protein translocation, interacts with Mge1p in an ATP-dependent manner; overexpression induces extensive mitochondrial DNA aggregations; ECM10 has a paralog, SSC1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (644 aa)
RAD23UV excision repair protein RAD23; Protein with ubiquitin-like N terminus; subunit of Nuclear Excision Repair Factor 2 (NEF2) with Rad4p that binds damaged DNA; enhances protein deglycosylation activity of Png1p; also involved, with Rad4p, in ubiquitylated protein turnover; Rad4p-Rad23p heterodimer binds to promoters of DNA damage response genes to repress their transcription in the absence of DNA damage. (398 aa)
GPA2Guanine nucleotide-binding protein alpha-2 subunit; Nucleotide binding alpha subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein; interacts with the receptor Gpr1p, has signaling role in response to nutrients; required for the recruitment of Ras-GTP at the plasma membrane and in the nucleus. (449 aa)
MIG3Transcription corepressor MIG3; Transcriptional regulator; partially nonfunctional in S288C strains but has a major role in catabolite repression and ethanol response in some other strains; involved in response to toxic agents; phosphorylation by Snf1p or the Mec1p pathway inactivates Mig3p, allowing induction of damage response genesenvironment; Belongs to the creA/MIG C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family. (394 aa)
GLN3Nitrogen regulatory protein GLN3; Transcriptional activator of genes regulated by nitrogen catabolite repression; localization and activity regulated by quality of nitrogen source and Ure2p. (730 aa)
PTP3Tyrosine-protein phosphatase 3; Phosphotyrosine-specific protein phosphatase; involved in the inactivation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) during osmolarity sensing; dephosporylates Hog1p MAPK and regulates its localization; localized to the cytoplasm. (928 aa)
UBC6Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme involved in ERAD; located at the cytosolic side of the ER membrane; tail region contains a transmembrane segment at the C-terminus; substrate of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway; ER-associated protein degradation is also known as ERAD. (250 aa)
SSA4Heat shock protein that is highly induced upon stress; plays a role in SRP-dependent cotranslational protein-membrane targeting and translocation; member of the HSP70 family; cytoplasmic protein that concentrates in nuclei upon starvation; SSA4 has a paralog, SSA3, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (642 aa)
GLC7Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-2; Type 1 S/T protein phosphatase (PP1) catalytic subunit; involved in glycogen metabolism, sporulation and mitotic progression; interacts with multiple regulatory subunits; regulates actomyosin ring formation; subunit of CPF; recruited to mating projections by Afr1p interaction; regulates nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of Hxk2p; import into the nucleus is inhibited during spindle assembly checkpoint arrest; involved in dephosphorylating Rps6a/b and Bnr1p. (312 aa)
DNF1Phospholipid-transporting ATPase DNF1; Aminophospholipid translocase (flippase); type 4 P-type ATPase; involved in phospholipid translocation, contributing to endocytosis, protein transport, and cellular polarization; localizes primarily to the plasma membrane; localizes to the shmoo tip where it has a redundant role in the cellular response to mating pheromone; DNF1 has a paralog, DNF2, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (1571 aa)
GAT1Transcriptional regulatory protein GAT1; Transcriptional activator of nitrogen catabolite repression genes; contains a GATA-1-type zinc finger DNA-binding motif; activity and localization regulated by nitrogen limitation and Ure2p; different translational starts produce two major and two minor isoforms that are differentially regulated and localized. (510 aa)
BST1GPI inositol deacylase of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER); negatively regulates COPII vesicle formation; prevents production of vesicles with defective subunits; required for proper discrimination between resident ER proteins and Golgi-bound cargo molecules; functional ortholog of human PGAP1, mutation of which is associated with intellectual disability and encephalopathy. (1029 aa)
STE2Receptor for alpha-factor pheromone; seven transmembrane-domain GPCR that interacts with both pheromone and a heterotrimeric G protein to initiate the signaling response that leads to mating between haploid a and alpha cells; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 4 family. (431 aa)
HAC1Transcriptional activator HAC1; Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor (ATF/CREB1 homolog); regulates the unfolded protein response, via UPRE binding, and membrane biogenesis; ER stress-induced splicing pathway facilitates efficient Hac1p synthesis; two functional forms of Hac1p are produced; translation initiation is repressed under non-stress conditions; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress. (238 aa)
OTU1Ubiquitin thioesterase OTU1; Deubiquitylation enzyme that binds to the chaperone-ATPase Cdc48p; may contribute to regulation of protein degradation by deubiquitylating substrates that have been ubiquitylated by Ufd2p; member of the Ovarian Tumor (OTU) family; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress. (301 aa)
FAR7Factor arrest protein 7; Protein involved in recovery from pheromone-induced cell cycle arrest; acts in a Far1p-independent pathway; interacts with Far3p, Far8p, Far9p, Far10p, and Far11p; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress. (221 aa)
ROG3Protein ROG3; Alpha-arrestin involved in ubiquitin-dependent endocytosis; contributes to desensitization of agonist-occupied alpha-factor receptor Ste2p by Rsp5p-independent internalization; PPXY motif-mediated binding of the ubiquitin ligase Rsp5p is not required for adaptation; mutation suppresses the temperature sensitivity of an mck1 rim11 double mutant; SWAT-GFP and mCherry fusion proteins localize to the cytosol; ROG3 has a paralog, ROD1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (733 aa)
ULI1Protein of unknown function; involved in and induced by the endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response (UPR); SWAT-GFP and mCherry fusion proteins localize to the endoplasmic reticulum. (169 aa)
PTR3SPS-sensor component PTR3; Component of the SPS plasma membrane amino acid sensor system; senses external amino acid concentration and transmits intracellular signals that result in regulation of expression of amino acid permease genes; other members are Ssy1p, Ptr3p, and Ssy5p. (678 aa)
AGA2Adhesion subunit of a-agglutinin of a-cells; C-terminal sequence acts as a ligand for alpha-agglutinin (Sag1p) during agglutination, modified with O-linked oligomannosyl chains, linked to anchorage subunit Aga1p via two disulfide bonds. (87 aa)
YGL039WPutative uncharacterized oxidoreductase YGL039W; Aldehyde reductase; reduces aliphatic aldehyde substrates using NADH as cofactor; shown to reduce carbonyl compounds to chiral alcohols. (348 aa)
OLE1Acyl-CoA desaturase 1; Delta(9) fatty acid desaturase; required for monounsaturated fatty acid synthesis and for normal distribution of mitochondria. (510 aa)
RAD6Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2); involved in postreplication repair as a heterodimer with Rad18p, regulation of K63 polyubiquitination in response to oxidative stress, DSBR and checkpoint control as a heterodimer with Bre1p, ubiquitin-mediated N-end rule protein degradation as a heterodimer with Ubr1p, ERAD with Ubr1p in the absence of canonical ER membrane ligases, and Rpn4p turnover as part of proteasome homeostasis, in complex with Ubr2p and Mub1p. (172 aa)
MF(ALPHA)2Mating pheromone alpha-factor, made by alpha cells; interacts with mating type a cells to induce cell cycle arrest and other responses leading to mating; also encoded by MF(ALPHA)1, which is more highly expressed; binds copper(II) ions. (120 aa)
SRM1Nucleotide exchange factor for Gsp1p; localizes to the nucleus, required for nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of macromolecules; suppressor of the pheromone response pathway; potentially phosphorylated by Cdc28p; human homolog of the RAN GEF, RCC1, can complement a temperature sensitive point mutant. (482 aa)
HUL5Probable E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase HUL5; Multiubiquitin chain assembly factor (E4); proteasome processivity factor that elongates polyUb chains on substrates, opposing Ubp6p, a branched polyubiquitin protease; required for retrograde transport of misfolded proteins during ERAD; required for ubiquitination of a subset of cytosolic misfolded proteins upon heat shock. (910 aa)
RTG2Retrograde regulation protein 2; Sensor of mitochondrial dysfunction; regulates the subcellular location of Rtg1p and Rtg3p, transcriptional activators of the retrograde (RTG) and TOR pathways; Rtg2p is inhibited by the phosphorylated form of Mks1p. (588 aa)
ORM1Protein that mediates sphingolipid homeostasis; evolutionarily conserved, required for resistance to agents that induce unfolded protein response; Orm1p and Orm2p together control membrane biogenesis by coordinating lipid homeostasis with protein quality control; ORM1 has a paralog, ORM2, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (222 aa)
KSS1Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK); involved in signal transduction pathways that control filamentous growth and pheromone response; regulates septum assembly, and may directly phosphorylate Bni4p; the KSS1 gene is nonfunctional in S288C strains and functional in W303 strains. (368 aa)
UFD1Ubiquitin fusion degradation protein 1; Substrate-recruiting cofactor of the Cdc48p-Npl4p-Ufd1p segregase; polyubiquitin binding protein that assists in the dislocation of misfolded, ERAD substrates that are subsequently delivered to the proteasome for degradation; involved in regulated destruction of ER membrane proteins such as HMG-CoA reductase (Hmg1/2p) and cytoplasmic proteins (Fbp1p); involved in mobilizing membrane bound transcription factors by regulated Ub/proteasome-dependent processing (RUP). (361 aa)
GTR2GTP-binding protein GTR2; Subunit of a TORC1-stimulating GTPase complex; subunit of the Gtr1-Gtr2 GTPase complex that stimulates TORC1 in response to amino acid stimulation; stimulates the GTPase activity of Gtr1p; negatively regulates the Ran/Tc4 GTPase cycle; activates transcription; tethered to the vacuolar membrane as part of the EGO complex (EGOC); required for sorting of Gap1p; activated by the the Lst4p-Lst7p GAP complex; localizes to cytoplasm and to chromatin; homolog of human RagC and. (341 aa)
UBR1E3 ubiquitin ligase (N-recognin); heterodimerizes with Rad6p to recognize and ubiquitinate substrates of the N-end rule pathway; role in endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation (ERAD) in the absence of canonical ER membrane ligases or after stress; major role in targeting misfolded cytosolic proteins for degradation; regulates peptide transport via Cup9p ubiquitination; mutation in human UBR1 causes Johansson-Blizzard Syndrome (JBS). (1950 aa)
YHB1Flavohemoprotein; Nitric oxide oxidoreductase; flavohemoglobin that plays role in oxidative and nitrosative stress responses; protects against nitration of cellular targets and against cell growth inhibition under aerobic or anaerobic conditions; yeast flavohemoglobin Yhb1p and human homolog neuroglobin NGB protect cells against alpha-synuclein cytotoxicity and aggregate formation; protein increases in abundance, relocalizes from nucleus to cytoplasmic foci upon DNA replication stress; Belongs to the globin family. Two-domain flavohemoproteins subfamily. (399 aa)
EFG1rRNA-processing protein EFG1; Essential protein required for maturation of 18S rRNA; null mutant is sensitive to hydroxyurea and is delayed in recovering from alpha-factor arrest; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the nucleolus. (233 aa)
STE20Serine/threonine-protein kinase STE20; Cdc42p-activated signal transducing kinase; involved in pheromone response, pseudohyphal/invasive growth, vacuole inheritance, down-regulation of sterol uptake; GBB motif binds Ste4p; member of the PAK (p21-activated kinase) family; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. STE Ser/Thr protein kinase family. STE20 subfamily. (939 aa)
ETP1RING finger protein ETP1; Protein of unknown function required for growth on ethanol; contains a zinc finger region and has homology to human BRAP2, which is a cytoplasmic protein that binds nuclear localization sequences. (585 aa)
UBX7UBX (ubiquitin regulatory X) domain-containing protein; interacts with Cdc48p; UBX7 has a paralog, UBX6, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (436 aa)
ECM29Proteasome component ECM29; Scaffold protein; assists in association of the proteasome core particle with the regulatory particle; inhibits proteasomal ATPase activity; degraded by the mature proteasome after assembly; contains HEAT-like repeats; protein increases in abundance and relocalizes from nucleus to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress; Belongs to the ECM29 family. (1868 aa)
GPA1Guanine nucleotide-binding protein alpha-1 subunit; Subunit of the G protein involved in pheromone response; GTP-binding alpha subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein; negatively regulates the mating pathway by sequestering G(beta)gamma and by triggering an adaptive response; activates Vps34p at the endosome; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress. (472 aa)
YHI9Uncharacterized isomerase YHI9; Protein of unknown function; null mutant is defective in unfolded protein response; possibly involved in a membrane regulation metabolic pathway; member of the PhzF superfamily, though most likely not involved in phenazine production. (294 aa)
SLT2Mitogen-activated protein kinase SLT2/MPK1; Serine/threonine MAP kinase; coordinates expression of all 19S regulatory particle assembly-chaperones (RACs) to control proteasome abundance; involved in regulating maintenance of cell wall integrity, cell cycle progression, nuclear mRNA retention in heat shock, septum assembly; required for mitophagy, pexophagy; affects recruitment of mitochondria to phagophore assembly site; plays role in adaptive response of cells to cold; regulated by the PKC1-mediated signaling pathway; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kin [...] (484 aa)
IRE1Serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1; Serine-threonine kinase and endoribonuclease; transmembrane protein that mediates the unfolded protein response (UPR) by regulating Hac1p synthesis through HAC1 mRNA splicing; role in homeostatic adaptation to ER stress; Kar2p binds inactive Ire1p and releases from it upon ER stress. (1115 aa)
STE12Protein STE12; Transcription factor that is activated by a MAPK signaling cascade; activates genes involved in mating or pseudohyphal/invasive growth pathways; cooperates with Tec1p transcription factor to regulate genes specific for invasive growth. (688 aa)
YCK1Palmitoylated plasma membrane-bound casein kinase I (CK1) isoform; shares redundant functions with Yck2p in morphogenesis, proper septin assembly, endocytic trafficking, and glucose sensing; stabilized by Sod1p binding in the presence of glucose and oxygen, causing glucose repression of respiratory metabolism; involved in the phosphorylation and regulation of glucose sensor Rgt2p; YCK1 has a paralog, YCK2, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (538 aa)
RPL42BRibosomal 60S subunit protein L42B; required for propagation of the killer toxin-encoding M1 double-stranded RNA satellite of the L-A double-stranded RNA virus; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein L36A, no bacterial homolog; RPL42B has a paralog, RPL42A, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (106 aa)
KOG1Subunit of TORC1; TORC1 is a rapamycin-sensitive complex involved in growth control that contains Tor1p or Tor2p, Lst8p and Tco89p; contains four HEAT repeats and seven WD-40 repeats; may act as a scaffold protein to couple TOR and its effectors; Belongs to the WD repeat RAPTOR family. (1557 aa)
MNL1ER degradation-enhancing alpha-mannosidase-like protein 1; Alpha-1,2-specific exomannosidase of the endoplasmic reticulum; involved in glycan trimming of both folded and misfolded glycoproteins; complexes with Pdi1p, and trims a mannose from Man8GlcNac2 glycans to generate Man7GlcNac2, an oligosaccharide signal on glycoproteins destined for ER-associated protein degradation; requires Pdi1p for stability and substrate recognition; human homolog EDEM1 can complement yeast null mutant; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 47 family. (796 aa)
EPS1ER-retained PMA1-suppressing protein 1; ER protein with chaperone and co-chaperone activity; involved in retention of resident ER proteins; has a role in recognizing proteins targeted for ER-associated degradation (ERAD), member of the protein disulfide isomerase family. (701 aa)
BAR1Barrierpepsin; Aspartyl protease; secreted into the periplasmic space of mating type a cell; helps cells find mating partners; cleaves and inactivates alpha factor allowing cells to recover from alpha-factor-induced cell cycle arrest; Belongs to the peptidase A1 family. (587 aa)
SSM4ERAD-associated E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase DOA10; Membrane-embedded ubiquitin-protein ligase; ER and inner nuclear membrane localized RING-CH domain E3 ligase involved in ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD); targets misfolded cytosolic/nucleoplasmic domains of soluble and membrane embedded proteins (ERAD-C) and a transmembrane domain containing substrate (ERAD-M), Sbh2p; C-terminal element (CTE), conserved in human ortholog MARCH10/TEB4, determines substrate selectivity. (1319 aa)
CST6ATF/CREB activator 2; Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor from ATF/CREB family involved in stress-responsive regulatory network; mediates transcriptional activation of NCE103 in response to low CO2 levels; proposed to be a regulator of oleate responsive genes; involved in utilization of non-optimal carbon sources and chromosome stability; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia; CST6 has a paralog, ACA1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (587 aa)
POG1Transcriptional activator POG1; Nuclear chromatin-associated protein of unknown function; may have a role in cell cycle regulation; overexpression promotes recovery from pheromone induced arrest and suppresses the stress sensitivity caused by a mutation in the E3 ubiquitin ligase Rsp5p; binds upstream of BAR1 and cell cycle-related genes; phsosphoylated form may be ubiquitinated by Dma2p; potential Cdc28p substrate; SBF regulated. (351 aa)
STS1Tethering factor for nuclear proteasome STS1; Protein required for localizing proteasomes to the nucleus; involved in cotranslational protein degradation; mediates interaction between nuclear import factor Srp1p and the proteasome; Sts1p and Srp1p couple proteasomes to nascent polypeptides emerging from the ribosome for cotranslational degradation; involved in ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation; Belongs to the cut8/STS1 family. (319 aa)
DAL81Transcriptional activator protein DAL81; Positive regulator of genes in multiple nitrogen degradation pathways; contains DNA binding domain but does not appear to bind the dodecanucleotide sequence present in the promoter region of many genes involved in allantoin catabolism. (970 aa)
KAR2Endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP; ATPase involved in protein import into the ER; also acts as a chaperone to mediate protein folding in the ER and may play a role in ER export of soluble proteins; regulates the unfolded protein response via interaction with Ire1p. (682 aa)
UBX6UBX (ubiquitin regulatory X) domain-containing protein; interacts with Cdc48p, transcription is repressed when cells are grown in media containing inositol and choline; UBX6 has a paralog, UBX7, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (396 aa)
YJL055WLOG family protein YJL055W; Putative protein of unknown function; functions together with HAM1 to mediate resistance to 5-FU; specifically reduces the incorporation of 5-FU into RNA, without affecting uptake or incorporation of uracil into RNA; proposed to be involved in the metabolism of purine and pyrimidine base analogues; deletion mutants are sensitive to HAP and AHA. (245 aa)
YJL068CEsterase that can function as an S-formylglutathione hydrolase; non-essential intracellular esterase; may be involved in the detoxification of formaldehyde, which can be metabolized to S-formylglutathione; similar to human esterase D. (299 aa)
JEM1DnaJ-like chaperone required for nuclear membrane fusion during mating; localizes to the ER membrane; exhibits genetic interactions with KAR2. (645 aa)
SCP160Protein SCP160; Essential RNA-binding G protein effector of mating response pathway; ligand-activated RNA-binding protein that delivers RNAs involved in polarization and perpetualizing mating signal to shmoo tip during pheromone signaling; Scp160p-mediated RNA trafficking essential for chemotropism and successful mating; mainly associated with nuclear envelope and ER, interacts in mRNA-dependent manner with translating ribosomes via multiple KH domains, similar to vertebrate vigilins. (1222 aa)
IML2Protein required for clearance of inclusion bodies; localizes to the inclusion bodies formed under protein misfolding stress; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; IML2 has a paralog, YKR018C, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (731 aa)
TRL1tRNA ligase; required for tRNA splicing and for both splicing and translation of HAC1 mRNA in the UPR; has phosphodiesterase, polynucleotide kinase, and ligase activities; localized at the inner nuclear envelope and partially to polysomes. (827 aa)
BCK1Serine/threonine-protein kinase BCK1/SLK1/SSP31; MAPKKK acting in the protein kinase C signaling pathway; the kinase C signaling pathway controls cell integrity; upon activation by Pkc1p phosphorylates downstream kinases Mkk1p and Mkk2p; MAPKKK is an acronym for mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase kinase. (1478 aa)
GZF3GATA zinc finger protein; negatively regulates nitrogen catabolic gene expression by competing with Gat1p for GATA site binding; function requires a repressive carbon source; dimerizes with Dal80p and binds to Tor1p; GZF3 has a paralog, DAL80, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (551 aa)
RPB4RNA polymerase II subunit B32; forms dissociable heterodimer with Rpb7p; Rpb4/7 dissociates from RNAPII as Ser2 CTD phosphorylation increases; Rpb4/7 regulates cellular lifespan via mRNA decay process; involved in recruitment of 3'-end processing factors to transcribing RNAPII complex, export of mRNA to cytoplasm under stress conditions; also involved in translation initiation. (221 aa)
YJL144WUncharacterized protein YJL144W; Cytoplasmic hydrophilin essential in desiccation-rehydration process; expression induced by osmotic stress, starvation and during stationary phase; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress. (104 aa)
SSY5SPS-sensor serine protease component SSY5; Serine protease of SPS plasma membrane amino acid sensor system; contains an inhibitory domain that dissociates in response to extracellular amino acids, freeing a catalytic domain to activate transcription factor Stp1p; other members are Ssy1p and Ptr3p. (699 aa)
FAR1CDK inhibitor and nuclear anchor; during the cell cycle Far1p sequesters the GEF Cdc24p in the nucleus; phosphorylation by Cdc28p-Cln results in SCFCdc4 complex-mediated ubiquitin-dependent degradation, releasing Cdc24p for export and activation of GTPase Cdc42p; in response to pheromone, phosphorylation of Far1p by MAPK Fus3p results in association with, and inhibition of Cdc28p-Cln, as well as Msn5p mediated nuclear export of Far1p-Cdc24p, targeting Cdc24p to polarity sites. (830 aa)
SAG1Alpha-agglutinin of alpha-cells; binds to Aga1p during agglutination, N-terminal half is homologous to the immunoglobulin superfamily and contains binding site for a-agglutinin, C-terminal half is highly glycosylated and contains GPI anchor; To C.albicans ALS1. (650 aa)
SSC1Heat shock protein SSC1, mitochondrial; Hsp70 family ATPase; constituent of the import motor component of the Translocase of the Inner Mitochondrial membrane (TIM23 complex); involved in protein translocation and folding; subunit of SceI endonuclease; SSC1 has a paralog, ECM10, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (654 aa)
YJR084WCop9 signalosome complex subunit 12; Protein that forms a complex with Thp3p; may have a role in transcription elongation and/or mRNA splicing; identified as a COP9 signalosome component but phenotype and interactions suggest it may not be involved with the signalosome. (423 aa)
STE18G protein gamma subunit; forms a dimer with Ste4p to activate the mating signaling pathway, forms a heterotrimer with Gpa1p and Ste4p to dampen signaling; C-terminus is palmitoylated and farnesylated, which are required for normal signaling. (110 aa)
GRR1F-box protein component of an SCF ubiquitin-ligase complex; modular substrate specificity factor which associates with core SCF (Cdc53p, Skp1p and Hrt1p/Rbx1p) to form the SCF(Grr1) complex; SCF(Grr1) acts as a ubiquitin-protein ligase directing ubiquitination of substrates such as: Gic2p, Mks1p, Mth1p, Cln1p, Cln2p and Cln3p; involved in carbon catabolite repression, glucose-dependent divalent cation transport, glucose transport, morphogenesis, and sulfite detoxification. (1151 aa)
UFD2E4 ubiquitin-protein ligase UFD2; Ubiquitin chain assembly factor (E4); cooperates with a ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1), a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2), and a ubiquitin protein ligase (E3) to conjugate ubiquitin to substrates; also functions as an E3. (961 aa)
UGA3Transcriptional activator for GABA-dependent induction of GABA genes; binds to DNA elements found in the promoters of target genes and increases their expression in the presence of GABA (gamma-aminobutyrate); zinc finger transcription factor of the Zn(2)-Cys(6) binuclear cluster domain type; localized to the nucleus; examples of GABA genes include UGA1, UGA2, and UGA4. (528 aa)
SFA1Bifunctional alcohol dehydrogenase and formaldehyde dehydrogenase; formaldehyde dehydrogenase activity is glutathione-dependent; functions in formaldehyde detoxification and formation of long chain and complex alcohols, regulated by Hog1p-Sko1p; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress. (386 aa)
CDC36General negative regulator of transcription subunit 2; Component of the CCR4-NOT core complex, involved in mRNA decapping; this complex has multiple roles in regulating mRNA levels including regulation of transcription and destabilizing mRNAs through deadenylation; basal transcription factor. (191 aa)
STE7Serine/threonine-protein kinase STE7; Signal transducing MAP kinase kinase; involved in pheromone response where it phosphorylates Fus3p; involved in the pseudohyphal/invasive growth pathway where it phosphorylates of Kss1p; phosphorylated by Ste11p; degraded by ubiquitin pathway. (515 aa)
RGT2Plasma membrane high glucose sensor that regulates glucose transport; low affinity sesnor that contains 12 predicted transmembrane segments and a long C-terminal tail required for hexose transporter induction; phosphorylation of the tail by Yck1p/Yck2p facilitates binding to the HXT co-repressors, Mth1p and Std1p; RGT2 has a paralog, SNF3, that arose from the whole genome duplication; Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Sugar transporter (TC 2.A.1.1) family. (763 aa)
CDC48Cell division control protein 48; AAA ATPase; subunit of polyUb-selective segregase complex involved in ERAD, INM-associated degradation (INMAD), mitotic spindle disassembly, macroautophagy, PMN, ribosome-associated degradation, ribophagy, homotypic ER membrane fusion, SCF complex disassembly, cell wall integrity during heat stress, and telomerase regulation; mobilizes membrane-anchored transcription factors by regulated Ub/proteasome-dependent processing (RUP); human ortholog VCP complements a cdc48 mutant. (835 aa)
NUP84Subunit of the Nup84p subcomplex of the nuclear pore complex (NPC); contributes to nucleocytoplasmic transport and NPC biogenesis; also plays roles in several processes that may require localization of genes or chromosomes at the nuclear periphery, including double-strand break repair, transcription and chromatin silencing; homologous to human NUP107. (726 aa)
GET3ATPase GET3; Guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Gpa1p; amplifies G protein signaling; functions as a chaperone under ATP-depleted oxidative stress conditions; subunit of GET complex, involved in ATP dependent Golgi to ER trafficking and insertion of tail-anchored (TA) proteins into ER membrane under non-stress conditions; binds as dimer to transmembrane domain (TMD) cargo, shielding TMDs from aqueous solvent; protein abundance increases under DNA replication stress. (354 aa)
PMT1Dolichyl-phosphate-mannose--protein mannosyltransferase 1; Protein O-mannosyltransferase of the ER membrane; transfers mannose from dolichyl phosphate-D-mannose to protein serine and threonine residues; 1 of 7 related proteins involved in O-glycosylation which is essential for cell wall rigidity; involved in ER quality control; amino terminus faces cytoplasm, carboxyl terminus faces ER lumen; Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 39 family. (817 aa)
UBX3UBX domain-containing protein 3; Clathrin-coated vesicle component, regulator of endocytosis; copurifies with the DSC ubiquitin ligase complex; UBX (ubiquitin regulatory X) domain-containing protein that interacts with Cdc48p; required for efficient clathrin-mediated endocytosis; ortholog of fission yeast Ucp10. (455 aa)
ASM4FG-nucleoporin component of central core of nuclear pore complex (NPC); contributes directly to nucleocytoplasmic transport; induces membrane tubulation, which may contribute to nuclear pore assembly; ASM4 has a paralog, NUP53, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (528 aa)
GPR1Plasma membrane G protein coupled receptor (GPCR); interacts with the heterotrimeric G protein alpha subunit, Gpa2p, and with Plc1p; sensor that integrates nutritional signals with the modulation of cell fate via PKA and cAMP synthesis. (961 aa)
PTC1Type 2C protein phosphatase (PP2C); dephosphorylates Hog1p, inactivating osmosensing MAPK cascade; involved in Fus3p activation during pheromone response; deletion affects precursor tRNA splicing, mitochondrial inheritance, and sporulation. (281 aa)
CDC39General negative regulator of transcription subunit 1; Subunit of the CCR4-NOT1 core complex; this complex has multiple roles in the regulation of mRNA levels including regulation of transcription and destabilization of mRNA by deadenylation; basal transcription factor that increases initiation and elongation; activates the ATPase activity of Dhh1p, resulting in processing body disassembly. (2108 aa)
KIN82Serine/threonine-protein kinase KIN82; Putative serine/threonine protein kinase; implicated in the regulation of phospholipid asymmetry through the activation of phospholipid translocases (flippases); involved in the phosphorylation of upstream inhibitory kinase Ypk1p along with Fpk1p; has a redundant role in the cellular response to mating pheromone; KIN82 has a paralog, FPK1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (720 aa)
FIG2Factor-induced gene 2 protein; Cell wall adhesin, expressed specifically during mating; may be involved in maintenance of cell wall integrity during mating; FIG2 has a paralog, AGA1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (1609 aa)
ADF1Antisense of depressing factor protein 1; Transcriptional repressor encoded by the FYV5 antisense strand; negatively regulates transcription of FYV5 by binding to the promoter on the sense strand. (113 aa)
FYV5Protein involved in regulation of the mating pathway; binds with Matalpha2p to promoters of haploid-specific genes; required for survival upon exposure to K1 killer toxin; involved in ion homeostasis. (152 aa)
PBN1Protein PBN1; Component of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-mannosyltransferase I; essential component; required for the autocatalytic post-translational processing of the protease B precursor Prb1p; localizes to ER in lumenal orientation; homolog of mammalian PIG-X. (416 aa)
POF1Nicotinamide mononucleotide-specific adenylyltransferase (NMNAT); catalyzes the conversion of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+); role in the nicotinamide riboside (NR) salvage pathway of NAD+ biosynthesis; involved in NR and NAD+ homeostasis; ATPase involved in protein quality control and filamentation pathways; interacts physically with Kss1p and suppresses the filamentation defect of a kss1 deletion. (258 aa)
PDI1Protein disulfide isomerase; multifunctional oxidoreductase of the ER lumen, essential for disulfide bond formation in secretory and cell-surface proteins, processing of non-native disulfide bonds; Ero1p activator; complexes with exomannosidase, Mnl1p to facilitate the recognition of misfolded glycoproteins and the trimming of glycan Man8GlcNAc2 to Man7GlcNAc2 on substrates, thereby accelerating ERAD; PDI1 has a paralog, EUG1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (522 aa)
STE50Adaptor protein for various signaling pathways; involved in mating response, invasive/filamentous growth, osmotolerance; acts as an adaptor that links G protein-associated Cdc42p-Ste20p complex to the effector Ste11p to modulate signal transduction. (346 aa)
MEH1Protein MEH1; Component of the EGO and GSE complexes; EGO is involved in the regulation of microautophagy and GSE is required for proper sorting of amino acid permease Gap1p; loss results in a defect in vacuolar acidification. (184 aa)
DAL80Nitrogen regulatory protein DAL80; Negative regulator of genes in multiple nitrogen degradation pathways; expression is regulated by nitrogen levels and by Gln3p; member of the GATA-binding family, forms homodimers and heterodimers with Gzf3p; DAL80 has a paralog, GZF3, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (269 aa)
NUP133Nucleoporin NUP133; Subunit of Nup84p subcomplex of nuclear pore complex (NPC); contributes to nucleocytoplasmic transport, NPC biogenesis; is involved in establishment of a normal nucleocytoplasmic concentration gradient of GTPase Gsp1p; also plays roles in several processes that may require localization of genes or chromosomes at nuclear periphery, including double-strand break repair, transcription and chromatin silencing; relocalizes to cytosol in response to hypoxia; homolog of human NUP133; Belongs to the nucleoporin Nup133 family. (1157 aa)
SSA2Heat shock protein SSA2; HSP70 family ATP-binding protein; involved in protein folding, vacuolar import of proteins; required for ubiquitin-dependent degradation of short-lived proteins; associated with chaperonin-containing T-complex; 98% identical to paralog Ssa1p with distinct functional specificity in propagation of yeast [URE3] prions and vacuolar-mediated degradation of gluconeogenesis enzymes; binds tRNA, has role in tRNA nuclear import during starvation. (639 aa)
UBR2Cytoplasmic ubiquitin-protein ligase (E3); component of the Mub1p-Ubr2p-Rad6p ubiquitin ligase complex required for the ubiquitination and degradation of Rpn4p; mediates formation of the ternary complex. (1872 aa)
AFB1A-factor barrier protein 1; MATalpha-specific a-factor blocker; contributes to mating efficiency under certain conditions; localizes to the cell wall; predicted to be a GPI-attached protein; upregulated by Mcm1p-Alpha1p transcription factor; partially overlaps the dubious ORF YLR041W; Belongs to the SRP1/TIP1 family. (224 aa)
MNL2Putative endoplasmic reticulum mannosidase MNL2; Putative mannosidase involved in ER-associated protein degradation; localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum; sequence similarity with seven-hairpin glycosidase (GH47) family members, such as Mns1p and Mnl1p, that hydrolyze 1,2-linked alpha-D-mannose residues; non-essential gene. (849 aa)
HRT3F-box protein HRT3; Putative SCF-ubiquitin ligase F-box protein; based on both genetic and physical interactions and sequence similarity; identified in association with Cdc53p, Skp1p and Ubi4 in large and small-scale studies. (344 aa)
LCL2Long chronological lifespan protein 2; Putative protein of unknown function; mutant is deficient in cell wall mannosylphosphate and has long chronological lifespan; genetic interactions suggest a role in ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD); SWAT-GFP fusion protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and vacuole, while mCherry fusion localizes to just the vacuole. (131 aa)
CCW12Cell wall mannoprotein; plays a role in maintenance of newly synthesized areas of cell wall; localizes to periphery of small buds, septum region of larger buds, and shmoo tip; CCW12 has a paralog, YDR134C, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (133 aa)
HRD3ERAD-associated E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase component HRD3; ER membrane protein that plays a central role in ERAD; forms HRD complex with Hrd1p and ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD) determinants that engages in lumen to cytosol communication and coordination of ERAD events; Belongs to the sel-1 family. (833 aa)
SEC13Protein transport protein SEC13; Structural component of 3 complexes; subunit of the Nup84p nuclear pore subcomplex that contributes to nucleocytoplasmic transport and NPC biogenesis; subunit of the COPII vesicle coat required for ER-to-Golgi transport; subunit of SEACAT, a subcomplex of the coatomer-related, vacuolar-associated SEA complex, that inhibits the TORC1 inhibitory role of SEACIT (Iml1p-Npr2p-Npr3p), a GAP for Gtr1p, thereby resulting in activation of TORC1 signaling; human SEC13 homolog. (297 aa)
UCC1F-box protein and component of SCF ubiquitin ligase complexes; involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism; readily monoubiquitinated in vitro by SCF-Ubc4 complexes; SCF-Ucc1 regulates level of Cit2 citrate synthase protein to maintain citrate homeostasis, acts as metabolic switch for glyoxylate cycle; UCC1 transcription is downregulated in cells grown on C2-compounds. (369 aa)
CDC42Cell division control protein 42; Small rho-like GTPase; essential for establishment and maintenance of cell polarity; plays a role late in cell fusion via activation of key cell fusion regulator Fus2p; mutants have defects in the organization of actin and septins; human homolog CDC42 can complement yeast cdc42 mutant. (191 aa)
FAR10Protein involved in recovery from arrest in response to pheromone; acts in a cell cycle arrest recovery pathway independent from Far1p; interacts with Far3p, Far7p, Far8p, Far9p, and Far11p; potential Cdc28p substrate; FAR10 has a paralog, VPS64, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (478 aa)
HSP60Heat shock protein 60, mitochondrial; Tetradecameric mitochondrial chaperonin; required for ATP-dependent folding of precursor polypeptides and complex assembly; prevents aggregation and mediates protein refolding after heat shock; role in mtDNA transmission; phosphorylated. (572 aa)
MID2Cell wall integrity sensor MID2; O-glycosylated plasma membrane protein; acts as a sensor for cell wall integrity signaling and activates the pathway; interacts with Rom2p, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rho1p, and with cell integrity pathway protein Zeo1p; MID2 has a paralog, MTL1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (376 aa)
NUP2Nucleoporin involved in nucleocytoplasmic transport; binds to either the nucleoplasmic or cytoplasmic faces of the nuclear pore complex depending on Ran-GTP levels; also has a role in chromatin organization. (720 aa)
ORM2Protein that mediates sphingolipid homeostasis; evolutionarily conserved, required for resistance to agents that induce unfolded protein response; Orm1p and Orm2p together control membrane biogenesis by coordinating lipid homeostasis with protein quality control; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; ORM2 has a paralog, ORM1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (216 aa)
STE11Serine/threonine-protein kinase STE11; Signal transducing MEK kinase; involved in pheromone response and pseudohyphal/invasive growth pathways where it phosphorylates Ste7p, and the high osmolarity response pathway, via phosphorylation of Pbs2p; regulated by Ste20p and Ste50p; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress. (717 aa)
SSQ1Heat shock protein SSQ1, mitochondrial; Mitochondrial hsp70-type molecular chaperone; required for assembly of iron/sulfur clusters into proteins at a step after cluster synthesis, and for maturation of Yfh1p, which is a homolog of human frataxin implicated in Friedreich's ataxia. (657 aa)
SEC61Conserved ER protein translocation channel; essential subunit of Sec61 complex (Sec61p, Sbh1p, and Sss1p); forms channel for SRP-dependent protein import; with Sec63 complex allows SRP-independent protein import into ER; involved in posttranslational soluble protein import into the ER, ERAD of soluble substrates, and misfolded soluble protein export from the ER. (480 aa)
STE23A-factor-processing enzyme; Metalloprotease; involved in N-terminal processing of pro-a-factor to mature form; expressed in both haploids and diploids; one of two yeast homologs of human insulin-degrading enzyme (hIDE); homolog Axl1p is also involved in processing of pro-a-factor; Belongs to the peptidase M16 family. (1027 aa)
CNA1Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit A1; Calcineurin A; one isoform (the other is Cmp2p) of the catalytic subunit of calcineurin, a Ca++/calmodulin-regulated protein phosphatase which regulates Crz1p (a stress-response transcription factor), the other calcineurin subunit is CNB1; regulates the function of Aly1p alpha-arrestin; CNA1 has a paralog, CMP2, that arose from the whole genome duplication; Belongs to the PPP phosphatase family. PP-2B subfamily. (553 aa)
SST2Protein SST2; GTPase-activating protein for Gpa1p; regulates desensitization to alpha factor pheromone; also required to prevent receptor-independent signaling of the mating pathway; member of the RGS (regulator of G-protein signaling) family. (698 aa)
UBX2UBX domain-containing protein 2; Bridging factor involved in ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD); bridges the cytosolic Cdc48p-Npl1p-Ufd1p ATPase complex and the membrane associated Ssm4p and Hrd1p ubiquitin ligase complexes; contains a UBX (ubiquitin regulatory X) domain and a ubiquitin-associated (UBA) domain; redistributes from the ER to lipid droplets during the diauxic shift and stationary phase; required for the maintenance of lipid homeostasis. (584 aa)
USA1U1 SNP1-associating protein 1; Scaffold subunit of the Hrd1p ubiquitin ligase; also promotes ligase oligomerization; involved in ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD); interacts with the U1 snRNP-specific protein, Snp1p. (838 aa)
CMP2Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit A2; Calcineurin A; one isoform (the other is Cna1p) of the catalytic subunit of calcineurin, a Ca++/calmodulin-regulated protein phosphatase which regulates Crz1p (a stress-response transcription factor), the other calcineurin subunit is CNB1; regulates the function of Aly1p alpha-arrestin; CMP2 has a paralog, CNA1, that arose from the whole genome duplication; Belongs to the PPP phosphatase family. PP-2B subfamily. (604 aa)
UFO1F-box receptor protein; subunit of the Skp1-Cdc53-F-box receptor (SCF) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex; binds to phosphorylated Ho endonuclease, allowing its ubiquitination by SCF and subsequent degradation. (668 aa)
NUP188Nucleoporin NUP188; Subunit of the inner ring of the nuclear pore complex (NPC); contributes to NPC organization and nucleocytoplasmic transport; homologous to human NUP188. (1655 aa)
GTR1GTP-binding protein GTR1; Subunit of a TORC1-stimulating GTPase complex; subunit of the heterodimeric Gtr1-Gtr2 GTPase complex that stimulates TORC1 in response to amino acid stimulation; tethered to the vacuolar membrane as part of the EGOC, a complex required for sorting of Gap1p and microautophagy; involved in phosphate transport and telomeric chromatin silencing; activated by the the Iml1p (GAP) subunit of the SEACIT complex; similar to human RagA and RagB. (310 aa)
UBC7Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 7; Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme; involved in the ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD) pathway and in the inner nuclear membrane-associated degradation (INMAD) pathway; requires Cue1p for recruitment to the ER membrane; proposed to be involved in chromatin assembly. (165 aa)
CSI1Cop9 signalosome-interactor 1; Subunit of the Cop9 signalosome; which is required for deneddylation, or removal of the ubiquitin-like protein Rub1p from Cdc53p (cullin); involved in adaptation to pheromone signaling; functional equivalent of canonical Csn6 subunit of the COP9 signalosome. (295 aa)
FAR8Protein involved in recovery from arrest in response to pheromone; acts in a cell cycle arrest recovery pathway independent from Far1p; interacts with Far3p, Far7p, Far9p, Far10p, and Far11p. (523 aa)
FAR3Factor arrest protein 3; Protein of unknown function; involved in recovery from cell cycle arrest in response to pheromone, in a Far1p-independent pathway; interacts with Far7p, Far8p, Far9p, Far10p, and Far11p; localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress. (204 aa)
UBX4UBX domain-containing protein that interacts with Cdc48p; involved in degradation of polyubiquitinated proteins via the ERAD (ER-associated degradation) pathway; modulates the Cdc48p-Nplp-Ufd1p AAA ATPase complex during its role in delivery of misfolded proteins to the proteasome; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress. (416 aa)
ASI1Protein ASI1; Subunit of the inner nuclear membrane Asi ubiquitin ligase complex; the Asi complex targets both misfolded proteins of the inner nuclear membrane-associated degradation (INMAD) pathway and regulators of sterol biosynthesis for ubiquitin-mediated degradation; acts with Asi2p and Asi3p to ensure the fidelity of SPS-sensor signaling by targeting latent unprocessed forms of Stp1p and Stp2p, maintaining the repressed state of gene expression in the absence of inducing amino acids. (624 aa)
HLJ1Protein HLJ1; Co-chaperone for Hsp40p; anchored in the ER membrane; with its homolog Ydj1p promotes ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD) of integral membrane substrates; similar to E. coli DnaJ. (224 aa)
DNF3Probable phospholipid-transporting ATPase DNF3; Trans-golgi network aminophospholipid translocase (flippase); type 4 P-type ATPase; involved in phospholipid translocation, contributing to the maintenance of membrane lipid asymmetry in post-Golgi secretory vesicles; role in protein trafficking between the Golgi and endosomal system; localizes to the trans-Golgi network; localizes to the shmoo tip where it has a redundant role in the cellular response to mating pheromone. (1656 aa)
ADD37Alpha1-proteinase inhibitor-degradation deficient protein 37; Protein of unknown function; involved in ER-associated protein degradation; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm and is induced in response to the DNA-damaging agent MMS; YMR184W is not an essential gene; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress. (198 aa)
SCJ1DnaJ-related protein SCJ1; One of several homologs of bacterial chaperone DnaJ; located in the ER lumen where it cooperates with Kar2p to mediate maturation of proteins. (377 aa)
CUE1Coupling of ubiquitin conjugation to ER degradation protein 1; Ubiquitin-binding protein; ER membrane protein that recruits and integrates the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme Ubc7p into ER membrane-bound ubiquitin ligase complexes that function in the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway for misfolded proteins; contains a CUE domain that binds ubiquitin to facilitate intramolecular monoubiquitination and to promote diubiquitin elongation, facilitating polyubiquitin chain formation. (203 aa)
RCE1Type II CAAX prenyl protease; involved in the proteolysis and maturation of Ras and the a-factor mating pheromone; Belongs to the peptidase U48 family. (315 aa)
DSK2Nuclear-enriched ubiquitin-like polyubiquitin-binding protein; required for spindle pole body (SPB) duplication and for transit through the G2/M phase of the cell cycle; involved in proteolysis; interacts with the proteasome; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress. (373 aa)
SIS1Protein SIS1; Type II HSP40 co-chaperone that interacts with the HSP70 protein Ssa1p; shuttles between cytosol and nucleus; mediates delivery of misfolded proteins into the nucleus for degradation; involved in proteasomal degradation of misfolded cytosolic proteins; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; polyQ aggregates sequester Sis1p and interfere with clearance of misfolded proteins; similar to bacterial DnaJ proteins and mammalian DnaJB1. (352 aa)
ASI3Protein ASI3; Subunit of the inner nuclear membrane Asi ubiquitin ligase complex; Asi complex targets both misfolded proteins of the inner nuclear membrane-associated degradation (INMAD) pathway and regulators of sterol biosynthesis for ubiquitin-mediated degradation; acts with Asi1p and Asi2p to ensure the fidelity of SPS-sensor signaling by targeting latent unprocessed forms of Stp1p and Stp2p, maintaining the repressed state of gene expression in the absence of inducing amino acids. (676 aa)
NCE103Carbonic anhydrase; metalloenzyme that catalyzes CO2 hydration to bicarbonate, which is an important metabolic substrate, and protons; not expressed under conditions of high CO2, such as inside a growing colony, but transcription is induced in response to low CO2 levels, such as on the colony surface in ambient air; poorly transcribed under aerobic conditions and at an undetectable level under anaerobic conditions; abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress. (221 aa)
BOP3Protein of unknown function; potential Cdc28p substrate; overproduction confers resistance to methylmercury. (396 aa)
MSG5Tyrosine-protein phosphatase MSG5; Dual-specificity protein phosphatase; exists in 2 isoforms; required for maintenance of a low level of signaling through the cell integrity pathway, adaptive response to pheromone; regulates and is regulated by Slt2p; dephosphorylates Fus3p; MSG5 has a paralog, SDP1, that arose from the whole genome duplication; Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Non- receptor class dual specificity subfamily. (489 aa)
YDJ1Mitochondrial protein import protein MAS5; Type I HSP40 co-chaperone; involved in regulation of HSP90 and HSP70 functions; acts as an adaptor that helps Rsp5p recognize cytosolic misfolded proteins for ubiquitination after heat shock; critical for determining cell size at Start as a function of growth rate; involved in protein translocation across membranes; member of the DnaJ family; chimeric protein in which human p58IPK J domain replaces yeast Ydj1p J domain can complement yeast ydj1 mutant. (409 aa)
NMA111Serine protease and general molecular chaperone; involved in response to heat stress and promotion of apoptosis; may contribute to lipid homeostasis; sequence similarity to the mammalian Omi/HtrA2 family of serine proteases; Belongs to the peptidase S1C family. (997 aa)
FAR11Factor arrest protein 11; Protein involved in recovery from cell cycle arrest; acts in response to pheromone; also involved in regulation of intra-S DNA damage checkpoint and autophagy; is essential for dephosphorylation of Atg13p; interacts with Far3p, Far7p, Far8p, Far9p, Far10p and with the phosphatases Pph21p, Pph22p and Pph3p; has similarity to the N- and C-termini of N. crassa HAM-2; similar to human Fam40A and Fam40B; Belongs to the FAR11 family. (953 aa)
YNL134CUncharacterized protein YNL134C; NADH-dependent aldehyde reductase, involved in detoxification of furfural; expression is up-regulated in the presence of furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, which are compounds generated during lignocellulosic biomass pre-treatment; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to both the cytoplasm and nucleus; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress. (376 aa)
MFA2Mating pheromone a-factor; made by a cells; interacts with alpha cells to induce cell cycle arrest and other responses leading to mating; biogenesis involves C-terminal modification, N-terminal proteolysis, and export; also encoded by MFA1. (38 aa)
GIM3Prefoldin subunit 4; Subunit of the heterohexameric cochaperone prefoldin complex; prefoldin binds specifically to cytosolic chaperonin and transfers target proteins to it; prefoldin complex also localizes to chromatin of actively transcribed genes in the nucleus and facilitates transcriptional elongation. (129 aa)
YCK2Palmitoylated plasma membrane-bound casein kinase I (CK1) isoform; shares redundant functions with Yck1p in morphogenesis, proper septin assembly, endocytic trafficking, and glucose sensing; stabilized by Sod1p binding in the presence of glucose and oxygen, causing glucose repression of respiratory metabolism; involved in the phosphorylation and regulation of glucose sensor Rgt2p; YCK2 has a paralog, YCK1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (546 aa)
ASI2Protein ASI2; Subunit of the inner nuclear membrane Asi ubiquitin ligase complex; the Asi complex targets both misfolded proteins of the inner nuclear membrane-associated degradation (INMAD) pathway and inner for ubiquitin-mediated degradation; acts with Asi1p and Asi3p to ensure the fidelity of SPS-sensor signaling by targeting latent unprocessed forms of Stp1p and Stp2p, maintaining the repressed state of gene expression in the absence of inducing amino acids. (289 aa)
RPL42ARibosomal 60S subunit protein L42A; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein L36A, no bacterial homolog; RPL42A has a paralog, RPL42B, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (106 aa)
MDG1Signal transduction protein MDG1; Plasma membrane protein; involved in G-protein mediated pheromone signaling pathway; overproduction suppresses bem1 mutations; MDG1 has a paralog, CRP1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (366 aa)
SSB2Cytoplasmic ATPase that is a ribosome-associated molecular chaperone; functions with J-protein partner Zuo1p; may be involved in the folding of newly-synthesized polypeptide chains; member of the HSP70 family; SSB2 has a paralog, SSB1, that arose from the whole genome duplication; Belongs to the heat shock protein 70 family. Ssb-type Hsp70 subfamily. (613 aa)
CLA4Serine/threonine-protein kinase CLA4; Cdc42p-activated signal transducing kinase; member of the PAK (p21-activated kinase) family, along with Ste20p and Skm1p; involved in septin ring assembly, vacuole inheritance, cytokinesis, sterol uptake regulation; phosphorylates Cdc3p and Cdc10p; CLA4 has a paralog, SKM1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (842 aa)
BXI1Bax inhibitor 1; Protein involved in apoptosis; variously described as containing a BCL-2 homology (BH3) domain or as a member of the BAX inhibitor family; reported to promote apoptosis under some conditions and to inhibit it in others; localizes to ER and vacuole; may link the unfolded protein response to apoptosis via regulation of calcium-mediated signaling; translocates to mitochondria under apoptosis-inducing conditions in a process involving Mir1p and Cor1p; Belongs to the BI1 family. LFG subfamily. (297 aa)
ZIM17Protein co-chaperone with a zinc finger motif; essential for protein import into mitochondria; may act with Pam18p to facilitate recognition and folding of imported proteins by Ssc1p (mtHSP70) in the mitochondrial matrix; required for the maintenance of Ssc1p solubility and assists in the functional interaction of Ssc1p with substrate proteins. (174 aa)
DAL82Protein DAL82; Positive regulator of allophanate inducible genes; binds a dodecanucleotide sequence upstream of all genes that are induced by allophanate; contains an UISALL DNA-binding, a transcriptional activation, and a coiled-coil domain. (255 aa)
AGA1Anchorage subunit of a-agglutinin of a-cells; highly O-glycosylated protein with N-terminal secretion signal and C-terminal signal for addition of GPI anchor to cell wall, linked to adhesion subunit Aga2p via two disulfide bonds; AGA1 has a paralog, FIG2, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (725 aa)
FPK1Flippase kinase 1; Ser/Thr protein kinase; phosphorylates several aminophospholipid translocase family members, regulating phospholipid translocation and membrane asymmetry; phosphorylates and inhibits upstream inhibitory kinase, Ypk1p; localizes to the cytoplasm, early endosome/TGN compartments and thplasma membrane; localizes to the shmoo tip where it has a redundant role in the cellular response to mating pheromone; FPK1 has a paralog, KIN82, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (893 aa)
HRD1ERAD-associated E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase HRD1; Ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in ER-associated degradation (ERAD) of misfolded proteins; upon autoubiquitination triggers retrotranslocation of misfolded proteins to cytosol for degradation; genetically linked to the unfolded protein response (UPR); regulated through association with Hrd3p; contains an H2 ring finger; likely plays a general role in targeting proteins that persistently associate with and potentially obstruct the ER-localized translocon; Belongs to the HRD1 family. (551 aa)
RTG1Retrograde regulation protein 1; Transcription factor (bHLH) involved in interorganelle communication; contributes to communication between mitochondria, peroxisomes, and nucleus; target of Hog1p; activated in stochastic pulses of nuclear localization. (177 aa)
ATG19Autophagy-related protein 19; Receptor protein for the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway; delivers cargo proteins aminopeptidase I (Ape1p) and alpha-mannosidase (Ams1p) to the phagophore assembly site for packaging into Cvt vesicles; interaction with Atg19p during the Cvt pathway requires phosphorylation by Hrr25p. (415 aa)
RRI2Subunit of the COP9 signalosome (CSN) complex; this complex cleaves the ubiquitin-like protein Nedd8 from SCF ubiquitin ligases; plays a role in the mating pheromone response. (645 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
NCBI taxonomy Id: 4932
Other names: ATCC 18824, Candida robusta, Mycoderma cerevisiae, NRRL Y-12632, S. cerevisiae, Saccharomyces capensis, Saccharomyces italicus, Saccharomyces oviformis, Saccharomyces uvarum var. melibiosus, yeast
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