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| | MLF3 | Serine-rich protein of unknown function; predicted to be palmitoylated; overproduction suppresses growth inhibition caused by exposure to immunosuppressant leflunomide; MLF3 has a paralog, VHS2, that arose from the whole genome duplication; To yeast VHS2. (452 aa) |
| | MYO4 | Myosin-4; Type V myosin motor involved in actin-based transport of cargos; required for mRNA transport, including ASH1 mRNA, and facilitating the growth and movement of ER tubules into the growing bud along with She3p; MYO4 has a paralog, MYO2, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (1471 aa) |
| | BUD14 | Protein involved in bud-site selection; Bud14p-Glc7p complex is a cortical regulator of dynein; forms a complex with Kel1p and Kel2p that regulates Bnr1p (formin) to affect actin cable assembly, cytokinesis, and polarized growth; diploid mutants display a random budding pattern instead of the wild-type bipolar pattern; relative distribution to the nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress. (709 aa) |
| | SLA1 | Actin cytoskeleton-regulatory complex protein SLA1; Cytoskeletal protein binding protein; required for assembly of the cortical actin cytoskeleton; interacts with proteins regulating actin dynamics and proteins required for endocytosis; found in the nucleus and cell cortex; has 3 SH3 domains; Belongs to the SLA1 family. (1244 aa) |
| | EDE1 | EH domain-containing and endocytosis protein 1; Scaffold protein involved in the formation of early endocytic sites; putative regulator of cytokinesis; homo-oligomerization is required for localization to and organization of endocytic sites; has a network of interactions with other endocytic proteins; binds membranes in a ubiquitin-dependent manner; may also bind ubiquitinated membrane-associated proteins; interacts with Cmk2 and functions upstream of CMK2 in regulating non-apoptotic cell death; homolog of mammalian Eps15; Belongs to the VDP/USO1/EDE1 family. (1381 aa) |
| | BOI1 | Protein implicated in polar growth; functionally redundant with Boi2p; interacts with bud-emergence protein Bem1p; contains an SH3 (src homology 3) domain and a PH (pleckstrin homology) domain; relocalizes from bud neck to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress; BOI1 has a paralog, BOI2, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (980 aa) |
| | CHS2 | Chitin synthase II; catalyzes transfer of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) to chitin upon activation of zymogenic form; required for chitin synthesis in the primary septum during cytokinesis; localization regulated by Cdk1p during mitosis; phosphorylation by Dbf2p kinase regulates its dynamics and chitin synthesis during cytokinesis. (963 aa) |
| | AKL1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase AKL1; Ser-Thr protein kinase; member (with Ark1p and Prk1p) of the Ark kinase family; involved in endocytosis and actin cytoskeleton organization. (1108 aa) |
| | AIM3 | Altered inheritance of mitochondria protein 3; Protein that inhibits barbed-end actin filament elongation; interacts with Rvs167p; null mutant is viable and displays elevated frequency of mitochondrial genome loss; Belongs to the AIM3 family. (947 aa) |
| | TEF2 | Translational elongation factor EF-1 alpha; in the GTP-bound active form, binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNA to the A-site of ribosomes for elongation of nascent polypeptides; associates with vacuolar Rho1p GTPase; TEF2-RFP levels increase during replicative aging; may also have a role in tRNA re-export from the nucleus; TEF2 has a paralog, TEF1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (458 aa) |
| | ARC40 | Subunit of the ARP2/3 complex; ARP2/3 is required for the motility and integrity of cortical actin patches; Belongs to the WD repeat ARPC1 family. (384 aa) |
| | RGD1 | GTPase-activating protein (RhoGAP) for Rho3p and Rho4p; possibly involved in control of actin cytoskeleton organization. (666 aa) |
| | LSB5 | Protein involved in membrane-trafficking events at plasma membrane; interacts with actin regulators Sla1p and Las17p, ubiquitin, Arf3p to couple actin dynamics to membrane trafficking processes; similar structure to GGA family of proteins with N-terminal VHS domain and GAT domain; binds Las17p, which is homolog of human Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome protein involved in actin patch assembly, actin polymerization; may mediate disassembly of Pan1 complex from endocytic coat; Belongs to the LSB5 family. (354 aa) |
| | RVS161 | Reduced viability upon starvation protein 161; Amphiphysin-like lipid raft protein; N-BAR domain protein that interacts with Rvs167p and regulates polarization of the actin cytoskeleton, endocytosis, cell polarity, cell fusion and viability following starvation or osmotic stress. (265 aa) |
| | SYP1 | Suppressor of yeast profilin deletion; Negative regulator of WASP-Arp23 complex; involved in endocytic site formation; directly inhibits Las17p stimulation of Arp23 complex-mediated actin assembly in vitro; may regulate assembly and disassembly of the septin ring; colocalizes and interacts with septin subunits; potential role in actin cytoskeletal organization. (870 aa) |
| | ABP1 | Actin-binding protein of the cortical actin cytoskeleton; important for activation of the Arp2/3 complex that plays a key role actin in cytoskeleton organization; inhibits barbed-end actin filament elongation; phosphorylation within its Proline-Rich Regio, mediated by Cdc28p and Pho85p, protects Abp1p from proteolysis mediated by its own PEST sequences; mammalian homolog of HIP-55 (hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 [HPK1]-interacting protein of 55 kDa). (592 aa) |
| | ARP2 | Actin-related protein 2; Essential component of the Arp2/3 complex; Arp2/3 is a highly conserved actin nucleation center required for the motility and integrity of actin patches; involved in endocytosis and membrane growth and polarity; required for efficient Golgi-to-ER trafficking in COPI mutants. (391 aa) |
| | RDI1 | Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor; involved in the localization and regulation of Cdc42p and Rho1p; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress. (202 aa) |
| | LDB17 | Protein involved in the regulation of endocytosis; transiently recruited to actin cortical patches in a SLA1-dependent manner after late coat component assembly; GFP-fusion protein localizes to the periphery, cytoplasm, bud, and bud neck; Belongs to the LDB17 family. (491 aa) |
| | ENT1 | Epsin-1; Epsin-like protein involved in endocytosis and actin patch assembly; functionally redundant with Ent2p; binds clathrin via a clathrin-binding domain motif at C-terminus; relocalizes from bud neck to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress; ENT1 has a paralog, ENT2, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (454 aa) |
| | YDL176W | Uncharacterized protein YDL176W; Protein of unknown function; predicted by computational methods to be involved in fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (Fbp1p) degradation; interacts with components of the GID complex; YDL176W is not an essential gene. (708 aa) |
| | FMP45 | SUR7 family protein FMP45; Integral membrane protein localized to mitochondria; required for sporulation and maintaining sphingolipid content; similar to SUR7; FMP45 has a paralog, YNL194C, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (309 aa) |
| | SHS1 | Seventh homolog of septin 1; Component of the septin ring that is required for cytokinesis; present at the ends of rod-like septin hetero-oligomers; C-terminal extension is important for recruitment of Bni5p to the mother-bud neck, which in turn is required for Myo1p recruitment and cytokinesis; undergoes sumoylation and phosphorylation during mitosis; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress. (551 aa) |
| | GCS1 | ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase activating protein (ARF GAP); involved in ER-Golgi transport; required for prospore membrane formation; regulates phospholipase Spo14p; shares functional similarity with Glo3p; GCS1 has a paralog, SPS18, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (352 aa) |
| | LRG1 | Rho-GTPase-activating protein LRG1; GTPase-activating protein (GAP); contains Rho1p-specific GAP activity, interacting with activated forms of Rho1p; functions along with Sac7p as a negative regulator of the Pkc1p-mediated cell wall integrity signaling pathway; negative regulator of cell wall 1,3-beta-glucan biosynthesis; required for efficient cell fusion; contains a RhoGAP domain and three Lin-11-Isl1-Mec-3 (LIM) domains. (1017 aa) |
| | AFR1 | Protein required for pheromone-induced projection (shmoo) formation; regulates septin architecture during mating; has an RVXF motif that mediates targeting of Glc7p to mating projections; interacts with Cdc12p; AFR1 has a paralog, YER158C, that arose from the whole genome duplication; To yeast YER158C. (620 aa) |
| | GRX3 | Monothiol glutaredoxin-3; Glutathione-dependent oxidoreductase; hydroperoxide and superoxide-radical responsive; monothiol glutaredoxin subfamily member along with Grx4p and Grx5p; protects cells from oxidative damage; with Grx4p, binds to Aft1p in iron-replete conditions, promoting its dissociation from promoters; evidence exists indicating that the translation start site is not Met1 as currently annotated, but rather Met36; GRX3 has a paralog, GRX4, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (250 aa) |
| | SWF1 | Palmitoyltransferase that acts on transmembrane proteins; including the SNAREs Snc1p, Syn8p, Tlg1p and likely all SNAREs; contains an Asp-His-His-Cys-cysteine rich (DHHC-CRD) domain; may have a role in vacuole fusion. (336 aa) |
| | SAC6 | Fimbrin, actin-bundling protein; cooperates with Scp1p in organization and maintenance of the actin cytoskeleton; phosphorylated by Cdc28p/Clb2p in metaphase on T103, to regulate conformation, and modulate actin filament binding affinity and actin cable dynamics; relocalizes from the plasma membrane to the cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress; human homologs PLS3 and LCP1 implicated in spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) can each complement yeast null mutant. (642 aa) |
| | ENT5 | Epsin-5; Protein containing an N-terminal epsin-like domain; involved in clathrin recruitment and traffic between the Golgi and endosomes; associates with the clathrin adaptor Gga2p, clathrin adaptor complex AP-1, and clathrin. (411 aa) |
| | SPR28 | Sporulation-regulated protein 28; Sporulation-specific homolog of the CDC3/10/11/12 family of genes; meiotic septin expressed at high levels during meiotic divisions and ascospore formation; the yeast CDC3/10/11/12 family is a family of bud neck microfilament genes; Belongs to the TRAFAC class TrmE-Era-EngA-EngB-Septin-like GTPase superfamily. Septin GTPase family. (423 aa) |
| | RVS167 | Reduced viability upon starvation protein 167; Calmodulin-binding actin-associated protein; roles in endocytic membrane tabulation and constriction, and exocytosis; N-BAR domain protein that interacts with Rvs161p to regulate actin cytoskeleton, endocytosis, and viability following starvation or osmotic stress; recruited to bud tips by Gyl1p and Gyp5p during polarized growth; homolog of mammalian amphiphysin. (482 aa) |
| | GEA2 | Guanine nucleotide exchange factor for ADP ribosylation factors (ARFs); involved in vesicular transport between the Golgi and ER, Golgi organization, and actin cytoskeleton organization; GEA2 has a paralog, GEA1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (1459 aa) |
| | TSC11 | Subunit of TORC2 (Tor2p-Lst8p-Avo1-Avo2-Tsc11p-Bit61p); TORC2 is a membrane-associated complex that regulates actin cytoskeletal dynamics during polarized growth and cell wall integrity; involved in sphingolipid metabolism; contains a RasGEFN domain; Belongs to the RICTOR family. (1430 aa) |
| | BOI2 | Protein implicated in polar growth, functionally redundant with Boi1p; interacts with bud-emergence protein Bem1p; contains an SH3 (src homology 3) domain and a PH (pleckstrin homology) domain; BOI2 has a paralog, BOI1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (1040 aa) |
| | BEM2 | GTPase-activating protein BEM2/IPL2; Rho GTPase activating protein (RhoGAP); involved in the control of cytoskeleton organization and cellular morphogenesis; required for bud emergence; potential GAP for Rho4p. (2167 aa) |
| | YER158C | Uncharacterized protein YER158C; Protein of unknown function; potentially phosphorylated by Cdc28p; YER158C has a paralog, AFR1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (573 aa) |
| | MLC2 | Regulatory light chain for the type II myosin Myo1p; binds to an IQ motif of Myo1p, localization to the bud neck depends on Myo1p; involved in the disassembly of the Myo1p ring. (163 aa) |
| | RHO1 | GTP-binding protein of the rho subfamily of Ras-like proteins; involved in establishment of cell polarity; regulates protein kinase C (Pkc1p) and the cell wall synthesizing enzyme 1,3-beta-glucan synthase (Fks1p and Gsc2p). (209 aa) |
| | TEF1 | Translational elongation factor EF-1 alpha; in the GTP-bound active form, binds to and delivers aminoacylated tRNA to the A-site of ribosomes for elongation of nascent polypeptides; associates with vacuolar Rho1p GTPase; may also have a role in tRNA re-export from the nucleus; TEF1 has a paralog, TEF2, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (458 aa) |
| | IQG1 | Ras GTPase-activating-like protein IQG1; Essential protein required for determination of budding pattern; promotes localization of axial markers Bud4p and Cdc12p and functionally interacts with Sec3p, localizes to the contractile ring during anaphase, member of the IQGAP family; relocalizes from bud neck to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress. (1495 aa) |
| | SCP1 | Transgelin; Component of yeast cortical actin cytoskeleton; binds and cross links actin filaments; originally identified by its homology to calponin (contains a calponin-like repeat) but the Scp1p domain structure is more similar to transgelin. (200 aa) |
| | SCD5 | Protein required for normal actin organization and endocytosis; targeting subunit for protein phosphatase type 1; undergoes Crm1p-dependent nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling; multicopy suppressor of clathrin deficiency. (872 aa) |
| | MYO2 | Myosin-2; Type V myosin motor involved in actin-based transport of cargos; required for the polarized delivery of secretory vesicles, the vacuole, late Golgi elements, peroxisomes, and the mitotic spindle; MYO2 has a paralog, MYO4, that arose from the whole genome duplication; Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Myosin family. (1574 aa) |
| | BIL1 | Uncharacterized protein YOR304C-A; Protein that binds Bud6p and has a role in actin cable assembly; involved in the Bnr1p-dependent pathway of cable assembly; localizes to bud tip and bud neck. (76 aa) |
| | LAS17 | Proline-rich protein LAS17; Actin assembly factor; C-terminal WCA domain activates Arp2/3 complex-mediated nucleation of branched actin filaments, polyproline domain nucleates actin filaments independent of Arp2/3; mutants are defective in endocytosis, bud site selection, cytokinesis; human homolog WAS (Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome) implicated in severe immunodeficiency; human WAS complements yeast null mutant, but only in presence of WIPF1, which mediates localization of WAS to cortical patches. (633 aa) |
| | RGA1 | GTPase-activating protein for polarity-establishment protein Cdc42p; implicated in control of septin organization, pheromone response, and haploid invasive growth; relocalizes from bud neck to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress; RGA1 has a paralog, RGA2, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (1007 aa) |
| | PFY1 | Profilin; binds actin, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, and polyproline regions; involved in cytoskeleton organization; required for normal timing of actin polymerization in response to thermal stress; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; highly conserved protein; human PFN1 (profilin 1) complements temperature sensitive pfy1 mutants, PFN1 mutations are a rare cause of ALS. (126 aa) |
| | ARF3 | Glucose-repressible ADP-ribosylation factor; GTPase of Ras superfamily involved in regulating cell polarity and invasive growth; localizes to dynamic spots at plasma membrane and modulates PtdIns(4,5)P2 levels to facilitate endocytosis; required for localization of endocytic protein Lsb5p to correct cortical site in cells; also has mRNA binding activity; homolog of mammalian Arf6. (183 aa) |
| | WHI2 | Growth regulation protein; Protein required for full activation of the general stress response; required with binding partner Psr1p, possibly through Msn2p dephosphorylation; regulates growth during the diauxic shift; negative regulator of G1 cyclin expression; SWAT-GFP, seamless-GFP and mCherry fusion proteins localize to the cell periphery. (486 aa) |
| | SHE4 | SWI5-dependent HO expression protein 4; Protein containing a UCS (UNC-45/CRO1/SHE4) domain; binds to myosin motor domains to regulate myosin function; involved in endocytosis, polarization of the actin cytoskeleton, and asymmetric mRNA localization. (789 aa) |
| | SLG1 | Protein SLG1; Sensor-transducer of the stress-activated PKC1-MPK1 kinase pathway; involved in maintenance of cell wall integrity; required for mitophagy; involved in organization of the actin cytoskeleton; secretory pathway Wsc1p is required for the arrest of secretion response. (378 aa) |
| | MSB4 | GTPase-activating protein of the Ras superfamily; acts primarily on Sec4p, localizes to the bud site and bud tip; msb3 msb4 double mutation causes defects in secretion and actin organization; similar to the TBC-domain Tre2 oncogene; MSB4 has a paralog, MSB3, that arose from the whole genome duplication; human homolog USP6NL can complement yeast msb3 msb4 double null mutant. (492 aa) |
| | AVO1 | Target of rapamycin complex 2 subunit AVO1; Component of a membrane-bound complex containing the Tor2p kinase; contains Tor2p kinase and other proteins; may have a role in regulation of cell growth; Belongs to the SIN1 family. (1176 aa) |
| | ARC35 | Subunit of the ARP2/3 complex; ARP2/3 is required for the motility and integrity of cortical actin patches; required for cortical localization of calmodulin. (342 aa) |
| | MSB3 | Rab GTPase-activating protein; regulates endocytosis via inactivation of Vps21p at endosomes and vacuole fusion via inactivation of Ypt7p at vacuoles; also acts on Ypt52p and Sec4p; localizes to plasma membrane, sites of polarized growth; relocalizes from bud neck to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress; similar to TBC-domain Tre2 oncogene; MSB3 has a paralog, MSB4, that arose from the whole genome duplication; human homolog USP6NL can complement yeast msb3 msb4 double null. (633 aa) |
| | BNI1 | Protein BNI1; Formin; polarisome component; nucleates the formation of linear actin filaments, involved in cell processes such as budding and mitotic spindle orientation which require the formation of polarized actin cables; recruited to the division site in a Glc7p/Ref2p dependent manner following release of Bnr1p; functionally redundant with BNR1. (1953 aa) |
| | SLA2 | Adaptor protein that links actin to clathrin and endocytosis; involved in membrane cytoskeleton assembly and cell polarization; present in the actin cortical patch of the emerging bud tip; dimer in vivo; Belongs to the SLA2 family. (968 aa) |
| | BNI4 | Protein BNI4; Targeting subunit for Glc7p protein phosphatase; localized to the bud neck, required for localization of chitin synthase III to the bud neck via interaction with the chitin synthase III regulatory subunit Skt5p; phosphorylation by Slt2p and Kss1p involved in regulating Bni4p in septum assembly. (892 aa) |
| | YNL194C | Integral membrane protein; required for sporulation and plasma membrane sphingolipid content; similar to SUR7; GFP-fusion protein is induced in response to the DNA-damaging agent MMS; GFP-fusion protein is more abundant at MCCs (membrane compartment occupied by Can1) in the presence of glycerol and oleate; YNL194C has a paralog, FMP45, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (301 aa) |
| | RHO5 | GTP-binding protein RHO5; Non-essential small GTPase of the Rho/Rac family of Ras-like proteins; RAC1 ortholog; regulated by phosphorylation and ubiquitination; likely involved in protein kinase C (Pkc1p)-dependent signal transduction pathway that controls cell integrity. (331 aa) |
| | CBK1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase CBK1; Serine/threonine protein kinase of the the RAM signaling network; Ndr/LATS family member; binds regulatory subunit Mob2p; involved in regulation of cellular morphogenesis, polarized growth, and septum destruction; phosphorylation by Cbk1p regulates localization and activity of Ace2p transcription factor and Ssd1p translational repressor; Cbk1p activity is regulated by both phosphorylation and specific localization; relocalizes to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. STE Ser/Thr protein kinase family. COT [...] (756 aa) |
| | SRV2 | CAP (cyclase-associated protein); N-terminus binds adenylate cyclase and facilitates activation by RAS; N-terminus forms novel hexameric star-shaped shuriken structures that directly catalyze cofilin-mediated severing of actin filaments; C-terminus binds and recycles cofilin bound, ADP-actin monomers, facilitating regulation of actin dynamics and cell morphogenesis; N- and C-termini can function as physically separate proteins; mCAP1 is the mouse homolog. (526 aa) |
| | RHO2 | GTP-binding protein RHO2; Non-essential small GTPase of the Rho/Rac family of Ras-like proteins; involved in the establishment of cell polarity and in microtubule assembly. (192 aa) |
| | END3 | Actin cytoskeleton-regulatory complex protein END3; EH domain-containing protein involved in endocytosis; actin cytoskeletal organization and cell wall morphogenesis; forms a complex with Sla1p and Pan1p. (349 aa) |
| | TPM1 | Tropomyosin-1; Major isoform of tropomyosin; binds to and stabilizes actin cables and filaments, which direct polarized cell growth and the distribution of several organelles; acetylated by the NatB complex and acetylated form binds actin most efficiently; TPM1 has a paralog, TPM2, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (199 aa) |
| | SLM2 | Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate-binding protein SLM2; Phosphoinositide PI4,5P(2) binding protein, forms a complex with Slm1p; acts downstream of Mss4p in a pathway regulating actin cytoskeleton organization in response to stress; TORC2 complex substrate and effector; SLM2 has a paralog, SLM1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (656 aa) |
| | SIW14 | Inositol phosphatase SIW14; Tyrosine phosphatase involved in actin organization and endocytosis; localized to the cytoplasm. (281 aa) |
| | ARK1 | Actin-regulating kinase 1; Serine/threonine protein kinase; involved in regulation of the cortical actin cytoskeleton; involved in control of endocytosis; ARK1 has a paralog, PRK1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (638 aa) |
| | LST8 | Target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8; Protein required for the transport of Gap1p; required for the transport of amino acid permease Gap1p from the Golgi to the cell surface; component of the TOR signaling pathway; associates with both Tor1p and Tor2p; contains a WD-repeat. (303 aa) |
| | ROT1 | Protein ROT1; Molecular chaperone involved in protein folding in ER; mutation causes defects in cell wall synthesis and lysis of autophagic bodies, suppresses tor2 mutations, and is synthetically lethal with kar2-1 and with rot2 mutations; involved in N-linked glycosylation and O-mannosylation; transmembrane helix Ser250 is essential for Rot1p to interact with other membrane components and exert its functional role, avoiding exposure of Ser H-bonding group at lipid-exposed surface. (256 aa) |
| | MYO5 | Myosin-5; One of two type I myosin motors; contains proline-rich tail homology 2 (TH2) and SH3 domains; MYO5 deletion has little effect on growth, but myo3 myo5 double deletion causes severe defects in growth and actin cytoskeleton organization; MYO5 has a paralog, MYO3, that arose from the whole genome duplication; Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Myosin family. (1219 aa) |
| | AIP1 | Actin-interacting protein 1; Actin cortical patch component; interacts with the actin depolymerizing factor cofilin; inhibits elongation of aged ADP-actin filaments decorated with cofilin to maintain a high level of assembly-competent actin species; required to restrict cofilin localization to cortical patches; putative regulator of cytokinesis; contains WD repeats; protein increases in abundance and relocalizes from cytoplasm to plasma membrane upon DNA replication stress. (615 aa) |
| | AVO2 | Target of rapamycin complex 2 subunit AVO2; Component of a complex containing the Tor2p kinase and other proteins; complex may have a role in regulation of cell growth. (426 aa) |
| | HOF1 | Cytokinesis protein 2; Protein that regulates actin cytoskeleton organization; required for cytokinesis, actin cable organization, and secretory vesicle trafficking; localized to bud neck; phosphorylated by Dbf2p; regulates actomyosin ring dynamics and septin localization; contains an SH3 domain; N terminus controls cell size and levels of actin cables, while C terminus controls actin cable organization via direct regulation of the formin Bnr1p. (669 aa) |
| | SUR7 | Plasma membrane protein, component of eisosomes; long-lived protein that remains stable in eisosomes of mother cells while other eisosome proteins, Pil1p and Lsp1p, turn over; may function to anchor the eisosome in place; sporulation and plasma membrane sphingolipid content are altered in mutants; localizes to furrow-like invaginations (MCC patches). (302 aa) |
| | CRN1 | Coronin-like protein; Coronin; cortical actin cytoskeletal component that associates with the Arp2p/Arp3p complex to regulate its activity; plays a role in regulation of actin patch assembly. (651 aa) |
| | ARC18 | Subunit of the ARP2/3 complex; ARP2/3 is required for the motility and integrity of cortical actin patches. (178 aa) |
| | BUD6 | Bud site selection protein 6; Actin- and formin-interacting protein; participates in actin cable assembly and organization as a nucleation-promoting factor (NPF) for formins Bni1p and Bnr1p; a triple helical coiled-coil domain in the C-terminal region interacts with Bni1p; involved in polarized cell growth; isolated as bipolar budding mutant; potential Cdc28p substrate. (788 aa) |
| | CDC42 | Cell division control protein 42; Small rho-like GTPase; essential for establishment and maintenance of cell polarity; plays a role late in cell fusion via activation of key cell fusion regulator Fus2p; mutants have defects in the organization of actin and septins; human homolog CDC42 can complement yeast cdc42 mutant. (191 aa) |
| | ENT2 | Epsin-2; Epsin-like protein required for endocytosis and actin patch assembly; functionally redundant with Ent1p; contains clathrin-binding motif at C-terminus; ENT2 has a paralog, ENT1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (613 aa) |
| | ACF2 | Endo-1,3(4)-beta-glucanase 2; Intracellular beta-1,3-endoglucanase; expression is induced during sporulation; may have a role in cortical actin cytoskeleton assembly; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 81 family. (779 aa) |
| | COF1 | Cofilin, involved in pH-dependent actin filament depolarization; binds both actin monomers and filaments and severs filaments; involved in the selective sorting, export of the secretory cargo from the late golgi; genetically interacts with pmr1; thought to be regulated by phosphorylation at SER4; ubiquitous and essential in eukaryotes; Belongs to the actin-binding proteins ADF family. (143 aa) |
| | ENT4 | Epsin-4; Protein of unknown function; contains an N-terminal epsin-like domain; proposed to be involved in the trafficking of Arn1p in the absence of ferrichrome. (247 aa) |
| | LMO1 | ELMO family protein LMO1; Homolog of mammalian ELMO (Engulfment and celL MOtility); upstream component for regulation through the small GTPase Rho5p; may form a complex with Dck1p that acts as a GEF for Rho5p; cytoplasmic protein that relocates to mitochondria under oxidative stress; implicated in mitophagy; not an essential protein. (665 aa) |
| | RHO4 | GTP-binding protein RHO4; Non-essential small GTPase; member of the Rho/Rac subfamily of Ras-like proteins; likely to be involved in the establishment of cell polarity; has long N-terminal extension that plays an important role in Rho4p function and is shared with Rho4 homologs in other yeasts and filamentous fungi. (291 aa) |
| | VPS1 | Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 1; Dynamin-like GTPase required for vacuolar sorting; also involved in actin cytoskeleton organization, endocytosis, late Golgi-retention of some proteins, regulation of peroxisome biogenesis. (704 aa) |
| | TOR2 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase TOR2; PIK-related protein kinase and rapamycin target; subunit of TORC1, a complex that regulates growth in response to nutrients and TORC2, a complex that regulates cell-cycle dependent polarization of the actin cytoskeleton; involved in meiosis; TOR2 has a paralog, TOR1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (2474 aa) |
| | MYO3 | Myosin-3; One of two type I myosins; localizes to actin cortical patches; deletion of MYO3 has little effect on growth, but myo3 myo5 double deletion causes severe defects in growth and actin cytoskeleton organization; MYO3 has a paralog, MYO5, that arose from the whole genome duplication; Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Myosin family. (1272 aa) |
| | SFK1 | Plasma membrane protein that may act to generate normal levels of PI4P; may act together with or upstream of Stt4p; at least partially mediates proper localization of Stt4p to the plasma membrane; Belongs to the SFK1 family. (353 aa) |
| | ARC19 | Subunit of the ARP2/3 complex; ARP2/3 is required for the motility and integrity of cortical actin patches; mutation is functionally complemented by human ARPC4. (171 aa) |
| | CAP1 | Alpha subunit of the capping protein heterodimer (Cap1p and Cap2p); capping protein (CP) binds to the barbed ends of actin filaments preventing further polymerization; localized predominantly to cortical actin patches; protein increases in abundance and relocalizes from bud neck to plasma membrane upon DNA replication stress. (268 aa) |
| | ENT3 | Epsin-3; Protein containing an N-terminal epsin-like domain; involved in clathrin recruitment and traffic between the Golgi and endosomes; associates with the clathrin adaptor Gga2p. (408 aa) |
| | CDC11 | Cell division control protein 11; Component of the septin ring that is required for cytokinesis; present at the ends of rod-like septin hetero-oligomers; C-terminal extension is important for recruitment of Bni5p to the mother-bud neck, which in turn is required for Myo1p recruitment and cytokinesis; septin rings at the mother-bud neck act as scaffolds for recruiting cell division factors and as barriers to prevent diffusion of specific proteins between mother and daughter cells; Belongs to the TRAFAC class TrmE-Era-EngA-EngB-Septin-like GTPase superfamily. Septin GTPase family. (415 aa) |
| | ARP3 | Actin-related protein 3; Essential component of the Arp2/3 complex; Arp2/3 is a highly conserved actin nucleation center required for the motility and integrity of actin patches; involved in endocytosis and membrane growth and polarity. (449 aa) |
| | GEA1 | Guanine nucleotide exchange factor for ADP ribosylation factors (ARFs); involved in vesicular transport between the Golgi and ER, Golgi organization, and actin cytoskeleton organization; GEA1 has a paralog, GEA2, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (1408 aa) |
| | PBS2 | MAP kinase kinase of the HOG signaling pathway; activated under severe osmotic stress; mitophagy-specific regulator; plays a role in regulating Ty1 transposition; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. STE Ser/Thr protein kinase family. MAP kinase kinase subfamily. (668 aa) |
| | BIT61 | Subunit of TORC2 membrane-associated complex; involved in regulation of cell cycle-dependent actin cytoskeletal dynamics during polarized growth and cell wall integrity; BIT61 has a paralog, BIT2, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (543 aa) |
| | BBC1 | Myosin tail region-interacting protein MTI1; Protein possibly involved in assembly of actin patches; interacts with an actin assembly factor Las17p and with the SH3 domains of Type I myosins Myo3p and Myo5p; localized predominantly to cortical actin patches. (1157 aa) |
| | PAN1 | Part of actin cytoskeleton-regulatory complex Pan1p-Sla1p-End3p; associates with actin patches on cell cortex; promotes protein-protein interactions essential for endocytosis; binds to and activates Arp2/3 complex in vitro; phosphorylation of Thr-1225 is regulated by MAPK Hog1p in response to osmotic stress; previously thought to be a subunit of poly(A) ribonuclease. (1480 aa) |
| | BNR1 | BNI1-related protein 1; Formin; nucleates the formation of linear actin filaments; involved in processes such as budding and mitotic spindle orientation which require the formation of polarized actin cables; activity is regulated by Hof1p and by the Bud14p-Kel1p-Kel2p complex; dephosphorylated and delocalized from the division site in a Glc7p/Ref2p-dependent manner; functionally redundant with BNI1. (1375 aa) |
| | TPM2 | Tropomyosin-2; Minor isoform of tropomyosin; binds to and stabilizes actin cables and filaments, which direct polarized cell growth and the distribution of several organelles; appears to have distinct and also overlapping functions with Tpm1p; TPM2 has a paralog, TPM1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (161 aa) |
| | VHS2 | Protein VHS2; Regulator of septin dynamics; involved in the regulation of septin dynamics at bud neck after mitotic entry, likely by stabilizing septin structure; regulated at post-translational level by cell cycle dependent phosphorylation; likely phosphorylated by Cdc28p and dephosphorylated by Cdc14p before cytokinesis; high-copy suppressor of synthetic lethality of sis2 sit4 double mutant; VHS2 has a paralog, MLF3, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (436 aa) |
| | RHO3 | GTP-binding protein RHO3; Non-essential small GTPase of the Rho/Rac family of Ras-like proteins; involved in the establishment of cell polarity; GTPase activity positively regulated by the GTPase activating protein (GAP) Rgd1p. (231 aa) |
| | SLM1 | Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate-binding protein SLM1; Phosphoinositide PI4,5P(2) binding protein, forms a complex with Slm2p; acts downstream of Mss4p in a pathway regulating actin cytoskeleton organization in response to stress; TORC2 complex substrate and effector; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; SLM1 has a paralog, SLM2, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (686 aa) |
| | PRK1 | Actin-regulating kinase PRK1; Protein serine/threonine kinase; regulates the organization and function of the actin cytoskeleton and reduces endocytic ability of cell through the phosphorylation of the Pan1p-Sla1p-End3p protein complex; PRK1 has a paralog, ARK1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (810 aa) |
| | ARC15 | Subunit of the ARP2/3 complex; ARP2/3 is required for the motility and integrity of cortical actin patches; has mRNA binding activity; Belongs to the ARPC5 family. (154 aa) |
| | GVP36 | BAR domain protein that localizes to early and late Golgi vesicles; required for adaptation to varying nutrient concentrations, fluid-phase endocytosis, polarization of the actin cytoskeleton, and vacuole biogenesis. (326 aa) |
| | CAP2 | Beta subunit of the capping protein heterodimer (Cap1p and Cap2p); capping protein (CP) binds to the barbed ends of actin filaments preventing further polymerization; localized predominantly to cortical actin patches; protein increases in abundance and relocalizes from bud neck to plasma membrane upon DNA replication stress. (287 aa) |
| | BZZ1 | SH3 domain protein implicated in regulating actin polymerization; able to recruit actin polymerization machinery through its SH3 domains; colocalizes with cortical actin patches and Las17p; interacts with type I myosins. (633 aa) |
| | CDC12 | Cell division control protein 12; Component of the septin ring that is required for cytokinesis; septins are GTP-binding proteins that assemble into rod-like hetero-oligomers that can associate with other rods to form filaments; septin rings at the mother-bud neck act as scaffolds for recruiting cell division factors and as barriers to prevent diffusion of specific proteins between mother and daughter cells. (407 aa) |
| | MYO1 | Myosin-1; Type II myosin heavy chain; required for wild-type cytokinesis and cell separation; localizes to the actomyosin ring; binds to myosin light chains Mlc1p and Mlc2p through its IQ1 and IQ2 motifs respectively. (1928 aa) |
| | YSC84 | Actin-binding protein; involved in bundling of actin filaments and endocytosis of actin cortical patches; activity stimulated by Las17p; contains SH3 domain similar to Rvs167p; YSC84 has a paralog, LSB3, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (468 aa) |
| | TWF1 | Twinfilin-1; Twinfilin; highly conserved actin monomer-sequestering protein involved in regulation of the cortical actin cytoskeleton; coordinates actin filament severing and monomer sequestering at sites of rapid actin turnover; composed of two cofilin-like regions, stimulates actin depolymerization as does the mouse homolog, mTwf1. (332 aa) |
| | CHC1 | Clathrin heavy chain; subunit of the major coat protein involved in intracellular protein transport and endocytosis; the clathrin triskelion is a trimeric molecule composed of three heavy chains that radiate from a vertex and three light chains which bind noncovalently near the vertex of the triskelion; the light chain (CLC1) is thought to regulate function. (1653 aa) |
| | MLC1 | Essential light chain for Myo1p; light chain for Myo2p; stabilizes Myo2p by binding to the neck region; interacts with Myo1p, Iqg1p, and Myo2p to coordinate formation and contraction of the actomyosin ring with targeted membrane deposition. (149 aa) |
| | LSB3 | Protein containing a C-terminal SH3 domain; binds Las17p, which is a homolog of human Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome protein involved in actin patch assembly and actin polymerization; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; LSB3 has a paralog, YSC84, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (459 aa) |
| | ACT1 | Actin; structural protein involved in cell polarization, endocytosis, and other cytoskeletal functions. (375 aa) |
| | GRX4 | Monothiol glutaredoxin-4; Glutathione-dependent oxidoreductase; hydroperoxide and superoxide-radical responsive; monothiol glutaredoxin subfamily member along with Grx3p and Grx5p; protects cells from oxidative damage; with Grx3p, binds to Aft1p in iron-replete conditions, promoting its dissociation from promoters; mutant has increased aneuploidy tolerance; transcription regulated by Yap5p; GRX4 has a paralog, GRX3, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (244 aa) |
