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| | BIO4 | Dethiobiotin synthetase; catalyzes the third step in the biotin biosynthesis pathway; BIO4 is in a cluster of 3 genes (BIO3, BIO4, and BIO5) that mediate biotin synthesis; BIO3 and BIO4 were acquired by horizontal gene transfer (HGT) from bacteria; expression appears to be repressed at low iron levels. (237 aa) |
| | BIO5 | 7-keto 8-aminopelargonic acid transporter; Putative transmembrane protein involved in the biotin biosynthesis; responsible for uptake of 7-keto 8-aminopelargonic acid; BIO5 is in a cluster of 3 genes (BIO3, BIO4, and BIO5) that mediate biotin synthesis; Belongs to the amino acid-polyamine-organocation (APC) superfamily. (561 aa) |
| | LYS9 | Saccharopine dehydrogenase (NADP+, L-glutamate-forming); catalyzes the formation of saccharopine from alpha-aminoadipate 6-semialdehyde, the seventh step in lysine biosynthesis pathway; exhibits genetic and physical interactions with TRM112. (446 aa) |
| | ABZ1 | Para-aminobenzoate (PABA) synthase; has similarity to Escherichia coli PABA synthase components PabA and PabB; required for the synthesis of para-aminobenzoic acid, an important intermediate for folate and ubiquinone Q biosynthesis; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress. (787 aa) |
| | ACC1 | Acetyl-CoA carboxylase, biotin containing enzyme; catalyzes carboxylation of cytosolic acetyl-CoA to form malonyl-CoA and regulates histone acetylation by regulating the availablity of acetyl-CoA; required for de novo biosynthesis of long-chain fatty acids; ACC1 has a paralog, HFA1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (2233 aa) |
| | PHA2 | Prephenate dehydratase; catalyzes the conversion of prephanate to phenylpyruvate, which is a step in the phenylalanine biosynthesis pathway. (334 aa) |
| | MET2 | L-homoserine-O-acetyltransferase; catalyzes the conversion of homoserine to O-acetyl homoserine which is the first step of the methionine biosynthetic pathway; Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily. MetX family. (486 aa) |
| | FOL1 | 6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropterin pyrophosphokinase; Multifunctional enzyme of the folic acid biosynthesis pathway; has dihydropteroate synthetase, dihydro-6-hydroxymethylpterin pyrophosphokinase, and dihydroneopterin aldolase activities; In the central section; belongs to the HPPK family. (824 aa) |
| | LEU4 | Alpha-isopropylmalate synthase (2-isopropylmalate synthase); the main isozyme responsible for the first step in the leucine biosynthesis pathway; LEU4 has a paralog, LEU9, that arose from the whole genome duplication; Belongs to the alpha-IPM synthase/homocitrate synthase family. LeuA type 2 subfamily. (619 aa) |
| | MET4 | Leucine-zipper transcriptional activator; responsible for regulation of sulfur amino acid pathway; requires different combinations of auxiliary factors Cbf1p, Met28p, Met31p and Met32p; feedforward loop exists in the regulation of genes controlled by Met4p and Met32p; can be ubiquitinated by ubiquitin ligase SCF-Met30p, is either degraded or maintained in an inactive state; regulates degradation of its own DNA-binding cofactors by targeting them to SCF-Met30p; Belongs to the bZIP family. (672 aa) |
| | IDH1 | Subunit of mitochondrial NAD(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase; complex catalyzes the oxidation of isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate in the TCA cycle; Belongs to the isocitrate and isopropylmalate dehydrogenases family. (360 aa) |
| | SNO4 | Probable glutathione-independent glyoxalase SNO4; Possible chaperone and cysteine protease; required for transcriptional reprogramming during the diauxic shift and for survival in stationary phase; similar to bacterial Hsp31 and yeast Hsp31p, Hsp32p, and Hsp33p; DJ-1/ThiJ/PfpI superfamily member; predicted involvement in pyridoxine metabolism; induced by mild heat stress and copper deprivation. (237 aa) |
| | YMR321C | Putative protein of unknown function; proposed to be a palmitoylated membrane protein; YMR321C has a paralog, SAM4, that arose from a single-locus duplication. (105 aa) |
| | ABZ2 | Aminodeoxychorismate lyase (4-amino-4-deoxychorismate lyase); catalyzes the third step in para-aminobenzoic acid biosynthesis; involved in folic acid biosynthesis. (374 aa) |
| | SCS7 | Ceramide very long chain fatty acid hydroxylase SCS7; Sphingolipid alpha-hydroxylase; functions in the alpha-hydroxylation of sphingolipid-associated very long chain fatty acids, has both cytochrome b5-like and hydroxylase/desaturase domains, not essential for growth; Belongs to the sterol desaturase family. SCS7 subfamily. (384 aa) |
| | MGL2 | Putative esterase YMR210W; Monoacylglycerol lipase; palmitoyl monoacylglycerol is the preferred substrate; role in triacylglycerol catabolism; minor role in medium-chain fatty acid ethyl ester biosynthesis; contains an alpha/beta hydrolase domain and a typical lipase motif; has similarity to acyltransferases, Eeb1p and Eht1p, and human ABHD1. (449 aa) |
| | HFA1 | Acetyl-CoA carboxylase, mitochondrial; Mitochondrial acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase; catalyzes production of malonyl-CoA in mitochondrial fatty acid biosynthesis; relocalizes from mitochondrion to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress; genetic and comparative analysis suggests that translation begins at a non-canonical (Ile) start codon at -372 relative to the annotated start codon. (2123 aa) |
| | ALD2 | Cytoplasmic aldehyde dehydrogenase; involved in ethanol oxidation and beta-alanine biosynthesis; uses NAD+ as the preferred coenzyme; expression is stress induced and glucose repressed; very similar to Ald3p. (506 aa) |
| | LYS21 | Homocitrate synthase, mitochondrial; Homocitrate synthase isozyme; catalyzes the condensation of acetyl-CoA and alpha-ketoglutarate to form homocitrate, which is the first step in the lysine biosynthesis pathway; LYS21 has a paralog, LYS20, that arose from the whole genome duplication; Belongs to the alpha-IPM synthase/homocitrate synthase family. Homocitrate synthase LYS20/LYS21 subfamily. (440 aa) |
| | TMA17 | Translation machinery-associated protein 17; ATPase dedicated chaperone that adapts proteasome assembly to stress; Tma17p is induced upon stress; interacts with Rpt6p to assist its pairing to Rpt3p and early steps in proteasome biogenesis; associates with ribosomes; heterozygous deletion demonstrated increases in chromosome instability in a rad9 deletion background; protein abundance is decreased upon intracellular iron depletion. (150 aa) |
| | SPE4 | Spermine synthase; required for the biosynthesis of spermine and also involved in biosynthesis of pantothenic acid. (300 aa) |
| | BNA5 | Kynureninase; required for the de novo biosynthesis of NAD from tryptophan via kynurenine; expression regulated by Hst1p. (453 aa) |
| | MET17 | Homocysteine/cysteine synthase; O-acetyl homoserine-O-acetyl serine sulfhydrylase; required for Methionine and cysteine biosynthesis; Belongs to the trans-sulfuration enzymes family. (444 aa) |
| | ILV5 | Ketol-acid reductoisomerase, mitochondrial; Acetohydroxyacid reductoisomerase and mtDNA binding protein; involved in branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis and maintenance of wild-type mitochondrial DNA; found in mitochondrial nucleoids. (395 aa) |
| | ELO3 | Elongation of fatty acids protein 3; Elongase; involved in fatty acid and sphingolipid biosynthesis; synthesizes very long chain 20-26-carbon fatty acids from C18-CoA primers; involved in regulation of sphingolipid biosynthesis; lethality of the elo2 elo3 double null mutation is functionally complemented by human ELOVL1 and weakly complemented by human ELOVL3 or ELOV7; Belongs to the ELO family. (345 aa) |
| | CAR2 | L-ornithine transaminase (OTAse); catalyzes the second step of arginine degradation, expression is dually-regulated by allophanate induction and a specific arginine induction process; not nitrogen catabolite repression sensitive; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; human homolog OAT complements yeast null mutant. (424 aa) |
| | LEU3 | Regulatory protein LEU3; Zinc-knuckle transcription factor, repressor and activator; regulates genes involved in branched chain amino acid biosynthesis and ammonia assimilation; acts as a repressor in leucine-replete conditions and as an activator in the presence of alpha-isopropylmalate, an intermediate in leucine biosynthesis that accumulates during leucine starvation. (886 aa) |
| | TDA9 | Transcription factor that regulates acetate production; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the nucleus; null mutant is sensitive to expression of the top1-T722A allele; not an essential gene; TDA9 has a paralog, RSF2, that arose from the whole genome duplication; Belongs to the RSF2/TDA9 family. (1251 aa) |
| | YML082W | Putative cystathionine gamma-synthase YML082W; Putative protein predicted to have carbon-sulfur lyase activity; transcriptionally regulated by Upc2p via an upstream sterol response element; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the nucleus and the cytoplasm; not an essential gene; YML082W has a paralog, STR2, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (649 aa) |
| | YML096W | Putative protein with similarity to asparagine synthetases; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm; YML096W is not an essential gene and partially overlaps the verified gene RAD10. (525 aa) |
| | ADI1 | 1,2-dihydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentene dioxygenase; Acireductone dioxygenease involved in methionine salvage pathway; transcribed as polycistronic mRNA with YMR010W and regulated post-transcriptionally by RNase III (Rnt1p) cleavage; ADI1 mRNA is induced in heat shock conditions; human ortholog ADI1 can complement yeast adi1 mutant; Belongs to the acireductone dioxygenase (ARD) family. (179 aa) |
| | FMS1 | Polyamine oxidase; converts spermine to spermidine, which is required for the essential hypusination modification of translation factor eIF-5A; also involved in pantothenic acid biosynthesis; Belongs to the flavin monoamine oxidase family. (508 aa) |
| | ARG7 | Mitochondrial ornithine acetyltransferase; catalyzes the fifth step in arginine biosynthesis; also possesses acetylglutamate synthase activity, regenerates acetylglutamate while forming ornithine; Belongs to the ArgJ family. (441 aa) |
| | ILV2 | Acetolactate synthase catalytic subunit, mitochondrial; Acetolactate synthase; catalyses the first common step in isoleucine and valine biosynthesis and is the target of several classes of inhibitors, localizes to the mitochondria; expression of the gene is under general amino acid control; Belongs to the TPP enzyme family. (687 aa) |
| | FOL3 | Dihydrofolate synthetase, involved in folic acid biosynthesis; catalyzes conversion of dihydropteroate to dihydrofolate in folate coenzyme biosynthesis; FOL3 has a paralog, RMA1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (427 aa) |
| | ALD3 | Cytoplasmic aldehyde dehydrogenase; involved in beta-alanine synthesis; uses NAD+ as the preferred coenzyme; very similar to Ald2p; expression is induced by stress and repressed by glucose. (506 aa) |
| | PRO1 | Glutamate 5-kinase; Gamma-glutamyl kinase; catalyzes the first step in proline biosynthesis; required for nitrogen starvation-induced ribophagy but not for nonselective autophagy; PRO1 has a paralog, YHR033W, that arose from the whole genome duplication; Belongs to the glutamate 5-kinase family. (428 aa) |
| | TRP4 | Anthranilate phosphoribosyl transferase; transferase of the tryptophan biosynthetic pathway; catalyzes the phosphoribosylation of anthranilate; subject to the general control system of amino acid biosynthesis. (380 aa) |
| | HSP31 | Glutathione-independent glyoxalase HSP31; Methylglyoxalase that converts methylglyoxal to D-lactate; involved in oxidative stress resistance, diauxic shift, and stationary phase survival; has similarity to E. coli Hsp31 and C. albicans Glx3p; member of the DJ-1/ThiJ/PfpI superfamily, which includes human DJ-1 involved in Parkinson's disease and cancer; exists as a dimer and contains a putative metal-binding site; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; Belongs to the peptidase C56 family. HSP31-like subfamily. (237 aa) |
| | GCN4 | General control protein GCN4; bZIP transcriptional activator of amino acid biosynthetic genes; activator responds to amino acid starvation; expression is tightly regulated at both the transcriptional and translational levels; Belongs to the bZIP family. GCN4 subfamily. (281 aa) |
| | UTR4 | Enolase-phosphatase E1; Protein with sequence similarity to acireductone synthases; involved in methionine salvage; found in both the cytoplasm and nucleus; Belongs to the HAD-like hydrolase superfamily. MasA/MtnC family. (227 aa) |
| | GLY1 | Low specificity L-threonine aldolase; Threonine aldolase; catalyzes the cleavage of L-allo-threonine and L-threonine to glycine; involved in glycine biosynthesis. (387 aa) |
| | DLD3 | D-2-hydroxyglutarate--pyruvate transhydrogenase DLD3; 2-hydroxyglutarate transhydrogenase, and minor D-lactate dehydrogenase; converts D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2HG), an oncometabolite, to alpha-ketoglutarate in the presence of FAD, with concomitant reduction of pyruvate to D-lactate; minor lactate dehydrogenase activity; component of the retrograde regulon that consists of genes whose expression are stimulated by damage to mitochondria and reduced in cells grown with glutamate as the sole nitrogen source; located in the cytoplasm. (496 aa) |
| | PRO3 | Delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase; catalyzes the last step in proline biosynthesis. (286 aa) |
| | HOM3 | Aspartokinase; Aspartate kinase (L-aspartate 4-P-transferase); cytoplasmic enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the common pathway for methionine and threonine biosynthesis; expression regulated by Gcn4p and the general control of amino acid synthesis; Belongs to the aspartokinase family. (527 aa) |
| | HIS1 | ATP phosphoribosyltransferase; a hexameric enzyme, catalyzes the first step in histidine biosynthesis; mutations cause histidine auxotrophy and sensitivity to Cu, Co, and Ni salts; transcription is regulated by general amino acid control. (297 aa) |
| | CEM1 | 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase homolog; Mitochondrial beta-keto-acyl synthase; possible role in fatty acid synthesis; required for mitochondrial respiration; human homolog OXSM can complement yeast cem1 null mutant; Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. Beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthases family. (442 aa) |
| | ARG5,6 | Acetylglutamate kinase and N-acetyl-gamma-glutamyl-phosphate reductase; N-acetyl-L-glutamate kinase (NAGK) catalyzes the 2nd and N-acetyl-gamma-glutamyl-phosphate reductase (NAGSA), the 3rd step in arginine biosynthesis; synthesized as a precursor which is processed in the mitochondrion to yield mature NAGK and NAGSA; enzymes form a metabolon complex with Arg2p; NAGK C-terminal domain stabilizes the enzymes, slows catalysis and is involved in feed-back inhibition by arginine. (863 aa) |
| | ALD5 | Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase; involved in regulation or biosynthesis of electron transport chain components and acetate formation; activated by K+; utilizes NADP+ as the preferred coenzyme; constitutively expressed. (520 aa) |
| | SER3 | D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase 1; 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase and alpha-ketoglutarate reductase; 3PG dehydrogenase that catalyzes the first step in serine and glycine biosynthesis; also functions as an alpha-ketoglutarate reductase, converting alpha-ketoglutarate to D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2HG); localizes to the cytoplasm; SER3 has a paralog, SER33, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (469 aa) |
| | ILV1 | Threonine dehydratase, mitochondrial; Threonine deaminase, catalyzes first step in isoleucine biosynthesis; expression is under general amino acid control; ILV1 locus exhibits highly positioned nucleosomes whose organization is independent of known ILV1 regulation; Belongs to the serine/threonine dehydratase family. (576 aa) |
| | HOM2 | Aspartic beta semi-aldehyde dehydrogenase; catalyzes the second step in the common pathway for methionine and threonine biosynthesis; expression regulated by Gcn4p and the general control of amino acid synthesis; Belongs to the aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase family. (365 aa) |
| | ARO1 | 3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase; Pentafunctional arom protein; catalyzes steps 2 through 6 in the biosynthesis of chorismate, which is a precursor to aromatic amino acids; In the N-terminal section; belongs to the sugar phosphate cyclases superfamily. Dehydroquinate synthase family. In the 3rd section; belongs to the shikimate kinase family. In the C-terminal section; belongs to the shikimate dehydrogenase family. (1588 aa) |
| | ARO3 | Phospho-2-dehydro-3-deoxyheptonate aldolase, phenylalanine-inhibited; 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate (DAHP) synthase; catalyzes the first step in aromatic amino acid biosynthesis and is feedback-inhibited by phenylalanine or high concentration of tyrosine or tryptophan. (370 aa) |
| | LYS14 | Lysine biosynthesis regulatory protein LYS14; Transcriptional activator involved in regulating lysine biosynthesis; involved in the regulation of genes of the lysine biosynthesis pathway; requires 2-aminoadipate semialdehyde as co-inducer. (790 aa) |
| | TRP1 | Phosphoribosylanthranilate isomerase; catalyzes the third step in tryptophan biosynthesis; in 2004, the sequence of TRP1 from strain S228C was updated by changing the previously annotated internal STOP (TAA) to serine (TCA); enhances vegetative growth at low and high temperatures when used as an auxotrophic marker in strains such as W303. (224 aa) |
| | ADE3 | C-1-tetrahydrofolate synthase, cytoplasmic; Cytoplasmic trifunctional enzyme C1-tetrahydrofolate synthase; involved in single carbon metabolism and required for biosynthesis of purines, thymidylate, methionine, and histidine; null mutation causes auxotrophy for adenine and histidine. (946 aa) |
| | CYS4 | Cystathionine beta-synthase; catalyzes synthesis of cystathionine from serine and homocysteine, the first committed step in cysteine biosynthesis; responsible for hydrogen sulfide generation; advances passage through START by promoting cell growth which requires catalytic activity, and reducing critical cell size independent of catalytic activity; mutations in human ortholog CBS cause homocystinuria; human CBS can complement yeast null mutant. (507 aa) |
| | ASN2 | Asparagine synthetase; catalyzes the synthesis of L-asparagine from L-aspartate in the asparagine biosynthetic pathway; ASN2 has a paralog, ASN1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (572 aa) |
| | ACB1 | Acyl-CoA-binding protein; transports newly synthesized acyl-CoA esters from fatty acid synthetase (Fas1p-Fas2p) to acyl-CoA-consuming processes; subject to starvation-induced, Grh1p-mediated unconventional secretion; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; Belongs to the ACBP family. (87 aa) |
| | MCY1 | Putative cysteine synthase; localized to the mitochondrial outer membrane. (393 aa) |
| | ARO8 | Aromatic/aminoadipate aminotransferase 1; Aromatic aminotransferase I; expression is regulated by general control of amino acid biosynthesis. (500 aa) |
| | STR3 | Peroxisomal cystathionine beta-lyase; converts cystathionine into homocysteine; may be redox regulated by Gto1p; involved in the release of the aromatic thiol 3-mercaptohexanol during wine fermentation. (465 aa) |
| | LYS5 | L-aminoadipate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase-phosphopantetheinyl transferase; Phosphopantetheinyl transferase involved in lysine biosynthesis; converts inactive apo-form of Lys2p (alpha-aminoadipate reductase) into catalytically active holo-form by posttranslational addition of phosphopantetheine; Belongs to the P-Pant transferase superfamily. AcpS family. (272 aa) |
| | ARO2 | Bifunctional chorismate synthase and flavin reductase; catalyzes the conversion of 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate (EPSP) to form chorismate, which is a precursor to aromatic amino acids; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress. (376 aa) |
| | SER2 | Phosphoserine phosphatase of the phosphoglycerate pathway; involved in serine and glycine biosynthesis, expression is regulated by the available nitrogen source. (309 aa) |
| | FOL2 | GTP-cyclohydrolase I, catalyzes first step in folic acid biosynthesis; human homolog GCH1 is implicated in dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD), and can complement yeast null mutant. (243 aa) |
| | BIO2 | Biotin synthase, mitochondrial; Biotin synthase; catalyzes the conversion of dethiobiotin to biotin, which is the last step of the biotin biosynthesis pathway; complements E. coli bioB mutant; Belongs to the radical SAM superfamily. Biotin synthase family. (375 aa) |
| | ARG4 | Argininosuccinate lyase; catalyzes the final step in the arginine biosynthesis pathway; Belongs to the lyase 1 family. Argininosuccinate lyase subfamily. (463 aa) |
| | THR1 | Homoserine kinase; conserved protein required for threonine biosynthesis; long-lived protein that is preferentially retained in mother cells and forms cytoplasmic filaments; expression is regulated by the GCN4-mediated general amino acid control pathway. (357 aa) |
| | YHR033W | Uncharacterized protein YHR033W; Putative protein of unknown function; epitope-tagged protein localizes to the cytoplasm; YHR033W has a paralog, PRO1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (423 aa) |
| | PUT2 | Delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase; nuclear-encoded mitochondrial protein involved in utilization of proline as sole nitrogen source; deficiency of human homolog ALDH4A1 causes type II hyperprolinemia (HPII), an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism; human homolog ALDH4A1 can complement yeast null mutant. (575 aa) |
| | PAN5 | 2-dehydropantoate 2-reductase; part of the pantothenic acid pathway, structurally homologous to E. coli panE. (379 aa) |
| | HTD2 | Mitochondrial 3-hydroxyacyl-thioester dehydratase; involved in fatty acid biosynthesis, required for respiratory growth and for normal mitochondrial morphology. (280 aa) |
| | ARO9 | Aromatic aminotransferase II; catalyzes the first step of tryptophan, phenylalanine, and tyrosine catabolism; Belongs to the class-I pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. (513 aa) |
| | BAT1 | Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, mitochondrial; Mitochondrial branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) aminotransferase; preferentially involved in BCAA biosynthesis; homolog of murine ECA39; highly expressed during logarithmic phase and repressed during stationary phase; BAT1 has a paralog, BAT2, that arose from the whole genome duplication; Belongs to the class-IV pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. (393 aa) |
| | HIS6 | 1-(5-phosphoribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino] imidazole-4-carboxamide isomerase; Enzyme that catalyzes the fourth step in the histidine pathway; Phosphoribosylformimino-5-aminoimidazole carboxamide ribotide isomerase; mutations cause histidine auxotrophy and sensitivity to Cu, Co, and Ni salts. (261 aa) |
| | MET30 | F-box protein containing five copies of the WD40 motif; controls cell cycle function, sulfur metabolism, and methionine biosynthesis as part of the ubiquitin ligase complex; interacts with and regulates Met4p, localizes within the nucleus; dissociation of Met30p from SCF complex in response to cadmium stress is regulated by Cdc48p. (640 aa) |
| | MMF1 | Mitochondrial protein required for transamination of isoleucine; but not of valine or leucine; may regulate specificity of branched-chain transaminases Bat1p and Bat2p; induction of expression in response to stress is mediated by a Hog1p-regulated antisense RNA and gene looping; interacts genetically with mitochondrial ribosomal protein genes; MMF1 has a paralog, HMF1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (145 aa) |
| | SER33 | D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase 2; 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase and alpha-ketoglutarate reductase; 3PG dehydrogenase that catalyzes the first step in serine and glycine biosynthesis; also functions as an alpha-ketoglutarate reductase, converting alpha-ketoglutarate to D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2HG); localizes to the cytoplasm; SER33 has a paralog, SER3, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (469 aa) |
| | LYS12 | Homoisocitrate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial; Homo-isocitrate dehydrogenase; an NAD-linked mitochondrial enzyme required for the fourth step in the biosynthesis of lysine, in which homo-isocitrate is oxidatively decarboxylated to alpha-ketoadipate. (371 aa) |
| | HIS5 | Histidinol-phosphate aminotransferase; catalyzes the seventh step in histidine biosynthesis; responsive to general control of amino acid biosynthesis; mutations cause histidine auxotrophy and sensitivity to Cu, Co, and Ni salts. (385 aa) |
| | PAN6 | Pantoate--beta-alanine ligase; Pantothenate synthase; also known as pantoate-beta-alanine ligase, required for pantothenic acid biosynthesis, deletion causes pantothenic acid auxotrophy, homologous to E. coli panC. (309 aa) |
| | MET28 | bZIP transcriptional activator in the Cbf1p-Met4p-Met28p complex; participates in the regulation of sulfur metabolism. (187 aa) |
| | LYS1 | Saccharopine dehydrogenase (NAD+, L-lysine-forming); catalyzes the conversion of saccharopine to L-lysine, which is the final step in the lysine biosynthesis pathway; also has mRNA binding activity; Belongs to the AlaDH/PNT family. (373 aa) |
| | BNA3 | Probable kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase BNA3; Kynurenine aminotransferase; catalyzes formation of kynurenic acid from kynurenine; potential Cdc28p substrate. (444 aa) |
| | ARG2 | Amino-acid acetyltransferase, mitochondrial; Acetylglutamate synthase (glutamate N-acetyltransferase); mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of the arginine precursor ornithine; forms a complex with Arg5,6p. (574 aa) |
| | ARG3 | Ornithine carbamoyltransferase; also known as carbamoylphosphate:L-ornithine carbamoyltransferase; catalyzes the biosynthesis of the arginine precursor citrulline. (338 aa) |
| | PHS1 | Very-long-chain (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase PHS1; Essential 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase of the ER membrane; involved in elongation of very long-chain fatty acids; evolutionarily conserved, similar to mammalian PTPLA and PTPLB; involved in sphingolipid biosynthesis and protein trafficking. (217 aa) |
| | URA2 | Glutamine-dependent carbamoyl-phosphate synthase; Bifunctional carbamoylphosphate synthetase/aspartate transcarbamylase; catalyzes the first two enzymatic steps in the de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidines; both activities are subject to feedback inhibition by UTP; In the central section; belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. DHOase family. CAD subfamily. (2214 aa) |
| | ELO1 | Elongation of fatty acids protein 1; Elongase I, medium-chain acyl elongase; catalyzes carboxy-terminal elongation of unsaturated C12-C16 fatty acyl-CoAs to C16-C18 fatty acids; ELO1 has a paralog, ELO2, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (310 aa) |
| | ACO2 | Homocitrate dehydratase, mitochondrial; Putative mitochondrial aconitase isozyme; similarity to Aco1p, an aconitase required for the TCA cycle; expression induced during growth on glucose, by amino acid starvation via Gcn4p, and repressed on ethanol. (789 aa) |
| | ILV3 | Dihydroxy-acid dehydratase, mitochondrial; Dihydroxyacid dehydratase; catalyzes third step in the common pathway leading to biosynthesis of branched-chain amino acids. (585 aa) |
| | MDE1 | 5'-methylthioribulose-1-phosphate dehydratase; acts in the methionine salvage pathway; potential Smt3p sumoylation substrate; expression downregulated by caspofungin and deletion mutant is caspofungin resistant; Belongs to the aldolase class II family. MtnB subfamily. (244 aa) |
| | BNA1 | 3-hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase; 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid dioxygenase; required for the de novo biosynthesis of NAD from tryptophan via kynurenine; expression regulated by Hst1p. (177 aa) |
| | CPA2 | Carbamoyl-phosphate synthase arginine-specific large chain; Large subunit of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase; carbamoyl phosphate synthetase catalyzes a step in the synthesis of citrulline, an arginine precursor. (1118 aa) |
| | STR2 | Cystathionine gamma-synthase, converts cysteine into cystathionine; STR2 has a paralog, YML082W, that arose from the whole genome duplication; Belongs to the trans-sulfuration enzymes family. MET7 subfamily. (639 aa) |
| | HOM6 | Homoserine dehydrogenase (L-homoserine:NADP oxidoreductase); dimeric enzyme that catalyzes the third step in the common pathway for methionine and threonine biosynthesis; enzyme has nucleotide-binding, dimerization and catalytic regions. (359 aa) |
| | BAT2 | Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, cytosolic; Cytosolic branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) aminotransferase; preferentially involved in BCAA catabolism; homolog of murine ECA39; highly expressed during stationary phase and repressed during logarithmic phase; BAT2 has a paralog, BAT1, that arose from the whole genome duplication; Belongs to the class-IV pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. (376 aa) |
| | MET14 | Adenylylsulfate kinase; required for sulfate assimilation and involved in methionine metabolism; human homolog PAPSS2 complements yeast null mutant. (202 aa) |
| | OAR1 | Mitochondrial 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase; may comprise a type II mitochondrial fatty acid synthase along with Mct1p; human homolog CBR4 complements yeast null mutant. (278 aa) |
| | RMA1 | Probable folylpolyglutamate synthase; Putative dihydrofolate synthetase; similar to E. coli folylpolyglutamate synthetase/dihydrofolate synthetase; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies; RMA1 has a paralog, FOL3, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (430 aa) |
| | FAS1 | 3-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] dehydratase; Beta subunit of fatty acid synthetase; complex catalyzes the synthesis of long-chain saturated fatty acids; contains acetyltransacylase, dehydratase, enoyl reductase, malonyl transacylase, and palmitoyl transacylase activities. (2051 aa) |
| | SPE1 | Ornithine decarboxylase; catalyzes the first step in polyamine biosynthesis; degraded in a proteasome-dependent manner in the presence of excess polyamines; deletion decreases lifespan, and increases necrotic cell death and ROS generation; Belongs to the Orn/Lys/Arg decarboxylase class-II family. (466 aa) |
| | ACP1 | Mitochondrial matrix acyl carrier protein; involved in biosynthesis of octanoate, which is a precursor to lipoic acid; activated by phosphopantetheinylation catalyzed by Ppt2p. (125 aa) |
| | TRP3 | Multifunctional tryptophan biosynthesis protein; Indole-3-glycerol-phosphate synthase; forms bifunctional hetero-oligomeric anthranilate synthase:indole-3-glycerol phosphate synthase enzyme complex with Trp2p. (484 aa) |
| | SRY1 | 3-hydroxyaspartate dehydratase; deaminates L-threo-3-hydroxyaspartate to form oxaloacetate and ammonia; required in the presence of hydroxyaspartate; highly similar to mouse serine racemase (Srr) but has no serine racemase activity. (326 aa) |
| | PUT1 | Proline oxidase; nuclear-encoded mitochondrial protein involved in utilization of proline as sole nitrogen source; PUT1 transcription is induced by Put3p in the presence of proline and the absence of a preferred nitrogen source. (476 aa) |
| | ALT1 | Probable alanine aminotransferase, mitochondrial; Alanine transaminase (glutamic pyruvic transaminase); involved in alanine biosynthesis and catabolism; TOR1-independent role in determining chronological lifespan; expression is induced in the presence of alanine; repression is mediated by Nrg1p; ALT1 has a paralog, ALT2, that arose from the whole genome duplication; Alt2p is catalytically inactive; Belongs to the class-I pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. Alanine aminotransferase subfamily. (592 aa) |
| | SHM2 | Cytosolic serine hydroxymethyltransferase; converts serine to glycine plus 5,10 methylenetetrahydrofolate; major isoform involved in generating precursors for purine, pyrimidine, amino acid, and lipid biosynthesis; Belongs to the SHMT family. (469 aa) |
| | AAT2 | Aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic; Cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase involved in nitrogen metabolism; localizes to peroxisomes in oleate-grown cells; Belongs to the class-I pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. (418 aa) |
| | MEU1 | Methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP); catalyzes the initial step in the methionine salvage pathway; affects polyamine biosynthesis through regulation of ornithine decarboxylase (Spe1p) activity; regulates ADH2 gene expression; Belongs to the PNP/MTAP phosphorylase family. MTAP subfamily. (337 aa) |
| | MHT1 | Homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1; S-methylmethionine-homocysteine methyltransferase; functions along with Sam4p in the conversion of S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) to methionine to control the methionine/AdoMet ratio. (324 aa) |
| | YLL058W | Putative protein of unknown function with similarity to Str2p; Str2p is a cystathionine gamma-synthase important in sulfur metabolism; YLL058W is not an essential gene. (575 aa) |
| | ISA1 | Iron-sulfur assembly protein 1; Protein required for maturation of mitochondrial [4Fe-4S] proteins; functions in a complex with Isa2p and possibly Iba57p; isa1 deletion causes loss of mitochondrial DNA and respiratory deficiency; depletion reduces growth on nonfermentable carbon sources; functional ortholog of bacterial A-type ISC proteins; human ISCA1 can complement isa1 null mutant. (250 aa) |
| | MET1 | Uroporphyrinogen-III C-methyltransferase; S-adenosyl-L-methionine uroporphyrinogen III transmethylase; involved in the biosynthesis of siroheme, a prosthetic group used by sulfite reductase; required for sulfate assimilation and methionine biosynthesis; Belongs to the precorrin methyltransferase family. (593 aa) |
| | AGX1 | Alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 1; Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT); catalyzes the synthesis of glycine from glyoxylate, which is one of three pathways for glycine biosynthesis in yeast; similar to mammalian and plant alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferases; human homolog AGXT complements yeast null mutant; Belongs to the class-V pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. (385 aa) |
| | LPD1 | Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrial; Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase; the lipoamide dehydrogenase component (E3) of the pyruvate dehydrogenase and 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase multi-enzyme complexes; PDH complex is concentrated in spots within the mitochondrial matrix, often near the ERMES complex and near peroxisomes; LPD1 has a paralog, IRC15, that arose from the whole genome duplication; Belongs to the class-I pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family. (499 aa) |
| | MET6 | 5-methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate--homocysteine methyltransferase; Cobalamin-independent methionine synthase; involved in methionine biosynthesis and regeneration; requires a minimum of two glutamates on the methyltetrahydrofolate substrate, similar to bacterial metE homologs. (767 aa) |
| | MET13 | Major isozyme of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase; catalyzes the reduction of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate in the methionine biosynthesis pathway. (600 aa) |
| | OLE1 | Acyl-CoA desaturase 1; Delta(9) fatty acid desaturase; required for monounsaturated fatty acid synthesis and for normal distribution of mitochondria. (510 aa) |
| | TRP5 | Tryptophan synthase; catalyzes the last step of tryptophan biosynthesis; regulated by the general control system of amino acid biosynthesis; In the N-terminal section; belongs to the TrpA family. (707 aa) |
| | LEU1 | 3-isopropylmalate dehydratase; Isopropylmalate isomerase; catalyzes the second step in the leucine biosynthesis pathway; Belongs to the aconitase/IPM isomerase family. (779 aa) |
| | IRC7 | Putative cystathionine beta-lyase; Beta-lyase involved in the production of thiols; null mutant displays increased levels of spontaneous Rad52p foci; expression induced by nitrogen limitation in a GLN3, GAT1-dependent manner and by copper levels in a Mac1-dependent manner. (340 aa) |
| | HIS2 | Histidinol-phosphatase; Histidinolphosphatase; catalyzes the eighth step in histidine biosynthesis; mutations cause histidine auxotrophy and sensitivity to Cu, Co, and Ni salts; transcription is regulated by general amino acid control. (335 aa) |
| | TRP2 | Anthranilate synthase; catalyzes the initial step of tryptophan biosynthesis, forms multifunctional hetero-oligomeric anthranilate synthase:indole-3-glycerol phosphate synthase enzyme complex with Trp3p. (507 aa) |
| | LYS20 | Homocitrate synthase isozyme and functions in DNA repair; catalyzes the condensation of acetyl-CoA and alpha-ketoglutarate to form homocitrate, which is the first step in the lysine biosynthesis pathway; LYS20 has a paralog, LYS21, that arose from the whole genome duplication; Belongs to the alpha-IPM synthase/homocitrate synthase family. Homocitrate synthase LYS20/LYS21 subfamily. (428 aa) |
| | GLT1 | NAD(+)-dependent glutamate synthase (GOGAT); synthesizes glutamate from glutamine and alpha-ketoglutarate; with Gln1p, forms the secondary pathway for glutamate biosynthesis from ammonia; expression regulated by nitrogen source; assembles into filaments as cells approach stationary phase and under cytosolic acidification and starvation conditions. (2145 aa) |
| | IDP1 | Mitochondrial NADP-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase; catalyzes the oxidation of isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate; not required for mitochondrial respiration and may function to divert alpha-ketoglutarate to biosynthetic processes. (428 aa) |
| | TSC13 | Very-long-chain enoyl-CoA reductase; Enoyl reductase; catalyzes last step in each cycle of very long chain fatty acid elongation; localizes to ER, highly enriched in a structure marking nuclear-vacuolar junctions; coimmunoprecipitates with elongases Elo2p and Elo3p; protein increases in abundance and relative distribution to ER foci increases upon DNA replication stress; human homolog TECR implicated in nonsyndromic mental retardation, can complement yeast mutant; Belongs to the steroid 5-alpha reductase family. (310 aa) |
| | CTR86 | Copper transport protein 86; Essential protein of unknown function; with orthologs in Ashbya gossypii and Candida albicans; similar to human ATXN10, mutations in which cause spinocerebellar ataxia type 10; codon usage corresponds to that observed for yeast genes expressed at low levels; relative distribution to the nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress. (563 aa) |
| | THR4 | Threonine synthase; conserved protein that catalyzes formation of threonine from O-phosphohomoserine; expression is regulated by the GCN4-mediated general amino acid control pathway. (514 aa) |
| | ELO2 | Elongation of fatty acids protein 2; Fatty acid elongase, involved in sphingolipid biosynthesis; acts on fatty acids of up to 24 carbons in length; mutations have regulatory effects on 1,3-beta-glucan synthase, vacuolar ATPase, and the secretory pathway; ELO2 has a paralog, ELO1, that arose from the whole genome duplication; lethality of the elo2 elo3 double null mutation is functionally complemented by human ELOVL1 and weakly complemented by human ELOVL3 or ELOV7. (347 aa) |
| | CHA1 | Catabolic L-serine/threonine dehydratase; Catabolic L-serine (L-threonine) deaminase; catalyzes the degradation of both L-serine and L-threonine; required to use serine or threonine as the sole nitrogen source, transcriptionally induced by serine and threonine; Belongs to the serine/threonine dehydratase family. (360 aa) |
| | HIS4 | Histidine biosynthesis trifunctional protein; Multifunctional enzyme containing phosphoribosyl-ATP pyrophosphatase; phosphoribosyl-AMP cyclohydrolase, and histidinol dehydrogenase activities; catalyzes the second, third, ninth and tenth steps in histidine biosynthesis. (799 aa) |
| | LEU2 | Beta-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase (IMDH); catalyzes the third step in the leucine biosynthesis pathway; can additionally catalyze the conversion of beta-ethylmalate into alpha-ketovalerate; Belongs to the isocitrate and isopropylmalate dehydrogenases family. (364 aa) |
| | ILV6 | Acetolactate synthase small subunit, mitochondrial; Regulatory subunit of acetolactate synthase; acetolactate synthase catalyzes the first step of branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis; enhances activity of the Ilv2p catalytic subunit, localizes to mitochondria. (309 aa) |
| | SHM1 | Mitochondrial serine hydroxymethyltransferase; converts serine to glycine plus 5,10 methylenetetrahydrofolate; involved in generating precursors for purine, pyrimidine, amino acid, and lipid biosynthesis; reverse reaction generates serine; Belongs to the SHMT family. (490 aa) |
| | ARO4 | Phospho-2-dehydro-3-deoxyheptonate aldolase, tyrosine-inhibited; 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate (DAHP) synthase; catalyzes the first step in aromatic amino acid biosynthesis and is feedback-inhibited by tyrosine or high concentrations of phenylalanine or tryptophan; relative distribution to the nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress. (370 aa) |
| | HIS7 | Imidazole glycerol phosphate synthase; glutamine amidotransferase:cyclase that catalyzes the fifth step of histidine biosynthesis and also produces 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribotide (AICAR), a purine precursor. (552 aa) |
| | EHT1 | Acyl-coenzymeA:ethanol O-acyltransferase; plays a minor role in medium-chain fatty acid ethyl ester biosynthesis; possesses short-chain esterase activity; localizes to lipid particles and the mitochondrial outer membrane; EHT1 has a paralog, EEB1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (451 aa) |
| | ECM31 | Ketopantoate hydroxymethyltransferase; required for pantothenic acid biosynthesis, converts 2-oxoisovalerate into 2-dehydropantoate. (312 aa) |
| | TYR1 | Prephenate dehydrogenase involved in tyrosine biosynthesis; expression is dependent on phenylalanine levels; Belongs to the prephenate/arogenate dehydrogenase family. (452 aa) |
| | IFA38 | Very-long-chain 3-oxoacyl-CoA reductase; Microsomal beta-keto-reductase; contains oleate response element (ORE) sequence in the promoter region; mutants exhibit reduced VLCFA synthesis, accumulate high levels of dihydrosphingosine, phytosphingosine and medium-chain ceramides; Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family. (347 aa) |
| | LYS2 | Alpha aminoadipate reductase; catalyzes the reduction of alpha-aminoadipate to alpha-aminoadipate 6-semialdehyde, which is the fifth step in biosynthesis of lysine; activation requires posttranslational phosphopantetheinylation by Lys5p; Belongs to the ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family. (1392 aa) |
| | MIS1 | C-1-tetrahydrofolate synthase, mitochondrial; Mitochondrial C1-tetrahydrofolate synthase; involved in interconversion between different oxidation states of tetrahydrofolate (THF); provides activities of formyl-THF synthetase, methenyl-THF cyclohydrolase, and methylene-THF dehydrogenase. (975 aa) |
| | YBR053C | Uncharacterized protein YBR053C; Putative protein of unknown function; induced by cell wall perturbation. (358 aa) |
| | FAT1 | Very long chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase and fatty acid transporter; activates imported fatty acids with a preference for very long lengths (C20-C26); has a separate function in the transport of long chain fatty acids. (669 aa) |
| | HMT1 | Protein arginine N-methyltransferase 1; Nuclear SAM-dependent mono- and asymmetric methyltransferase; modifies hnRNPs, including Npl3p and Hrp1p, affecting their activity and nuclear export; methylates U1 snRNP protein Snp1p, ribosomal protein Rps2p, and histones H3 and H4; interacts genetically with genes encoding components of Rpd3(L) and this interaction is important for Rpd3 recruitment to the subtelomeric region. (348 aa) |
| | LYS4 | Homoaconitase, mitochondrial; Homoaconitase; catalyzes the conversion of homocitrate to homoisocitrate, which is a step in the lysine biosynthesis pathway. (693 aa) |
| | ETR1 | Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase, mitochondrial; 2-enoyl thioester reductase; member of the medium chain dehydrogenase/reductase family; localized to mitochondria, where it has a probable role in fatty acid synthesis; human MECR functionally complements the respiratory growth defect of the null mutant. (380 aa) |
| | BNA4 | Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase; required for the de novo biosynthesis of NAD from tryptophan via kynurenine; expression regulated by Hst1p; putative therapeutic target for Huntington disease. (460 aa) |
| | GDH3 | NADP(+)-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase; synthesizes glutamate from ammonia and alpha-ketoglutarate; rate of alpha-ketoglutarate utilization differs from Gdh1p; expression regulated by nitrogen and carbon sources; GDH3 has a paralog, GDH1, that arose from the whole genome duplication; Belongs to the Glu/Leu/Phe/Val dehydrogenases family. (457 aa) |
| | CYS3 | Cystathionine gamma-lyase; catalyzes one of the two reactions involved in the transsulfuration pathway that yields cysteine from homocysteine with the intermediary formation of cystathionine; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; Belongs to the trans-sulfuration enzymes family. (394 aa) |
| | MET16 | Phosphoadenosine phosphosulfate reductase; 3'-phosphoadenylsulfate reductase; reduces 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate to adenosine-3',5'-bisphosphate and free sulfite using reduced thioredoxin as cosubstrate, involved in sulfate assimilation and methionine metabolism; Belongs to the PAPS reductase family. CysH subfamily. (261 aa) |
| | ASN1 | Asparagine synthetase; catalyzes the synthesis of L-asparagine from L-aspartate in the asparagine biosynthetic pathway; ASN1 has a paralog, ASN2, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (572 aa) |
| | MRI1 | 5'-methylthioribose-1-phosphate isomerase; catalyzes the isomerization of 5-methylthioribose-1-phosphate to 5-methylthioribulose-1-phosphate in the methionine salvage pathway; Belongs to the eIF-2B alpha/beta/delta subunits family. MtnA subfamily. (411 aa) |
| | SPE3 | Spermidine synthase; involved in biosynthesis of spermidine and also in biosynthesis of pantothenic acid; spermidine is required for growth of wild-type cells. (293 aa) |
| | ISA2 | Iron-sulfur assembly protein 2; Protein required for maturation of mitochondrial [4Fe-4S] proteins; functions in a complex with Isa1p and possibly Iba57p; localizes to the mitochondrial intermembrane space, overexpression of ISA2 suppresses grx5 mutations. (185 aa) |
| | ARO7 | Chorismate mutase; catalyzes the conversion of chorismate to prephenate to initiate the tyrosine/phenylalanine-specific branch of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis. (256 aa) |
| | GLN1 | Glutamine synthetase (GS); synthesizes glutamine from glutamate and ammonia; with Glt1p, forms the secondary pathway for glutamate biosynthesis from ammonia; expression regulated by nitrogen source and by amino acid limitation; forms filaments of back-to-back stacks of cylindrical homo-decamers at low pH, leading to enzymatic inactivation and storage during states of advanced cellular starvation; relocalizes from nucleus to cytoplasmic foci upon DNA replication stress. (370 aa) |
| | HSP32 | Probable glutathione-independent glyoxalase HSP32; Possible chaperone and cysteine protease; required for transcriptional reprogramming during the diauxic shift and for survival in stationary phase; similar to E. coli Hsp31 and S. cerevisiae Hsp31p, Hsp33p, and Sno4p; member of the DJ-1/ThiJ/PfpI superfamily, which includes human DJ-1 involved in Parkinson's disease and cancer; Belongs to the peptidase C56 family. HSP31-like subfamily. (237 aa) |
| | SAM4 | Homocysteine S-methyltransferase 2; S-adenosylmethionine-homocysteine methyltransferase; functions along with Mht1p in the conversion of S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) to methionine to control the methionine/AdoMet ratio; SAM4 has a paralog, YMR321C, that arose from a single-locus duplication. (325 aa) |
| | FAS2 | 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase; Alpha subunit of fatty acid synthetase; complex catalyzes the synthesis of long-chain saturated fatty acids; contains the acyl-carrier protein domain and beta-ketoacyl reductase, beta-ketoacyl synthase and self-pantetheinylation activities. (1887 aa) |
| | PPT2 | Mitochondrial holo-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase; Phosphopantetheine:protein transferase (PPTase); activates mitochondrial acyl carrier protein (Acp1p) by phosphopantetheinylation; Belongs to the P-Pant transferase superfamily. AcpS family. (173 aa) |
| | EEB1 | Acyl-coenzymeA:ethanol O-acyltransferase; responsible for the major part of medium-chain fatty acid ethyl ester biosynthesis during fermentation; possesses short-chain esterase activity; may be involved in lipid metabolism and detoxification; EEB1 has a paralog, EHT1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (456 aa) |
| | ALD6 | Cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase; activated by Mg2+ and utilizes NADP+ as the preferred coenzyme; required for conversion of acetaldehyde to acetate; constitutively expressed; locates to the mitochondrial outer surface upon oxidative stress. (500 aa) |
| | MET12 | Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 1; Protein with MTHFR activity in vitro; null mutant has no phenotype and is prototrophic for methionine; MET13 encodes major isozyme of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR). (657 aa) |
| | HSP33 | Probable glutathione-independent glyoxalase HSP33; Possible chaperone and cysteine protease; required for transcriptional reprogramming during the diauxic shift and for survival in stationary phase; similar to E. coli Hsp31 and S. cerevisiae Hsp31p, Hsp32p, and Sno4p; member of the DJ-1/ThiJ/PfpI superfamily, which includes human DJ-1 involved in Parkinson's disease and cancer; Belongs to the peptidase C56 family. HSP31-like subfamily. (237 aa) |
| | GDH1 | NADP(+)-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase; synthesizes glutamate from ammonia and alpha-ketoglutarate; rate of alpha-ketoglutarate utilization differs from Gdh3p; expression regulated by nitrogen and carbon sources; GDH1 has a paralog, GDH3, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (454 aa) |
| | ALD4 | Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase; required for growth on ethanol and conversion of acetaldehyde to acetate; phosphorylated; activity is K+ dependent; utilizes NADP+ or NAD+ equally as coenzymes; expression is glucose repressed; can substitute for cytosolic NADP-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase when directed to the cytosol; human homolog ALDH2 can complement yeast ald4 mutant. (519 aa) |
| | PRO2 | Gamma-glutamyl phosphate reductase; catalyzes the second step in proline biosynthesis. (456 aa) |
| | CPA1 | Carbamoyl-phosphate synthase arginine-specific small chain; Small subunit of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase; carbamoyl phosphate synthetase catalyzes a step in the synthesis of citrulline, an arginine precursor; translationally regulated by an attenuator peptide encoded by YOR302W within the CPA1 mRNA 5'-leader; Belongs to the CarA family. (411 aa) |
| | HEM4 | Uroporphyrinogen III synthase; catalyzes the conversion of hydroxymethylbilane to uroporphyrinogen III, the fourth step in heme biosynthesis; deficiency in the human homolog can result in the disease congenital erythropoietic porphyria. (275 aa) |
| | DFR1 | Dihydrofolate reductase involved in tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis; required for respiratory metabolism; mutation is functionally complemented by human DHFR. (211 aa) |
| | MCT1 | Malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase, mitochondrial; Predicted malonyl-CoA:ACP transferase; putative component of a type-II mitochondrial fatty acid synthase that produces intermediates for phospholipid remodeling. (360 aa) |
| | HIS3 | Imidazoleglycerol-phosphate dehydratase; catalyzes the sixth step in histidine biosynthesis; mutations cause histidine auxotrophy and sensitivity to Cu, Co, and Ni salts; transcription is regulated by general amino acid control via Gcn4p. (220 aa) |
| | LIP5 | Lipoyl synthase, mitochondrial; Protein involved in biosynthesis of the coenzyme lipoic acid; has similarity to E. coli lipoic acid synthase; Belongs to the radical SAM superfamily. Lipoyl synthase family. (414 aa) |
| | SER1 | 3-phosphoserine aminotransferase; catalyzes the formation of phosphoserine from 3-phosphohydroxypyruvate, required for serine and glycine biosynthesis; regulated by the general control of amino acid biosynthesis mediated by Gcn4p; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; Belongs to the class-V pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. SerC subfamily. (395 aa) |
| | IDH2 | Subunit of mitochondrial NAD(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase; complex catalyzes the oxidation of isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate in the TCA cycle; phosphorylated; Belongs to the isocitrate and isopropylmalate dehydrogenases family. (369 aa) |
| | ORT1 | Ornithine transporter of the mitochondrial inner membrane; exports ornithine from mitochondria as part of arginine biosynthesis; functionally complemented by human ortholog, SLC25A15, which is associated with hyperammonaemia-hyperornithinaemia-homocitrullinuria (HHH) syndrome, but HHH-associated variants fail to complement. (292 aa) |
| | LEU9 | Alpha-isopropylmalate synthase II (2-isopropylmalate synthase); catalyzes the first step in the leucine biosynthesis pathway; the minor isozyme, responsible for the residual alpha-IPMS activity detected in a leu4 null mutant; LEU9 has a paralog, LEU4, that arose from the whole genome duplication; Belongs to the alpha-IPM synthase/homocitrate synthase family. LeuA type 2 subfamily. (604 aa) |
| | ARG8 | Acetylornithine aminotransferase, mitochondrial; Acetylornithine aminotransferase; catalyzes the fourth step in the biosynthesis of the arginine precursor ornithine; Belongs to the class-III pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. (423 aa) |
| | MET22 | Bisphosphate-3'-nucleotidase; involved in salt tolerance and methionine biogenesis; dephosphorylates 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphate and 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate, intermediates of the sulfate assimilation pathway; human homolog BPNT1 complements yeast null mutant; Belongs to the inositol monophosphatase superfamily. (357 aa) |
| | ARG1 | Argininosuccinate synthase; Arginosuccinate synthetase; catalyzes the formation of L-argininosuccinate from citrulline and L-aspartate in the arginine biosynthesis pathway; potential Cdc28p substrate. (420 aa) |
| | SPE2 | S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase; required for the biosynthesis of spermidine and spermine; cells lacking Spe2p require spermine or spermidine for growth in the presence of oxygen but not when grown anaerobically; Belongs to the eukaryotic AdoMetDC family. (396 aa) |
| | BIO3 | 7,8-diamino-pelargonic acid aminotransferase (DAPA); catalyzes the second step in the biotin biosynthesis pathway; BIO3 is in a cluster of 3 genes (BIO3, BIO4, and BIO5) that mediate biotin synthesis; BIO3 and BIO4 were acquired by horizontal gene transfer (HGT) from bacteria; Belongs to the class-III pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. BioA subfamily. (480 aa) |
