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MCM1 | Transcription factor; involved in cell-type-specific transcription and pheromone response; plays a central role in the formation of both repressor and activator complexes; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia. (286 aa) | ||||
SWI5 | Transcriptional factor SWI5; Transcription factor that recruits Mediator and Swi/Snf complexes; activates transcription of genes expressed at the M/G1 phase boundary and in G1 phase; required for expression of the HO gene controlling mating type switching; localization to nucleus occurs during G1 and appears to be regulated by phosphorylation by Cdc28p kinase; SWI5 has a paralog, ACE2, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (709 aa) | ||||
GIC2 | GTPase-interacting component 2; Redundant rho-like GTPase Cdc42p effector; involved in initiation of budding and cellular polarization; interacts with Cdc42p via the Cdc42/Rac-interactive binding (CRIB) domain and with PI(4,5)P2 via a polybasic region; GIC2 has a paralog, GIC1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (383 aa) | ||||
SPS1 | Sporulation-specific protein 1; Putative protein serine/threonine kinase; localizes to the nucleus and cytoplasm; required for efficient spore packaging, prospore membrane development and closure and localization of enzymes involved in spore wall synthesis; interacts with and required for Ssp1p phosphorylation and turnover; member of the GCKIII subfamily of STE20 kinases; multiply phosphorylated on S/T residues; interacts with 14-3-3 proteins, Bmh1p and Bmh2p; expressed at the end of meiosis. (490 aa) | ||||
PTP3 | Tyrosine-protein phosphatase 3; Phosphotyrosine-specific protein phosphatase; involved in the inactivation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) during osmolarity sensing; dephosporylates Hog1p MAPK and regulates its localization; localized to the cytoplasm. (928 aa) | ||||
RSP5 | NEDD4 family E3 ubiquitin ligase; regulates processes including: MVB sorting, the heat shock response, transcription, endocytosis and ribosome stability; ubiquitinates Sec23p, Sna3p, Ste4p, Nfi1p, Rpo21p and Sem1p; autoubiquitinates; deubiquitinated by Ubp2p; regulated by SUMO ligase Siz1p, in turn regulates Siz1p SUMO ligase activity; required for efficient Golgi-to-ER trafficking in COPI mutants; mutant tolerates aneuploidy; human homolog implicated in Liddle syndrome; Belongs to the RSP5/NEDD4 family. (809 aa) | ||||
GLC7 | Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-2; Type 1 S/T protein phosphatase (PP1) catalytic subunit; involved in glycogen metabolism, sporulation and mitotic progression; interacts with multiple regulatory subunits; regulates actomyosin ring formation; subunit of CPF; recruited to mating projections by Afr1p interaction; regulates nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of Hxk2p; import into the nucleus is inhibited during spindle assembly checkpoint arrest; involved in dephosphorylating Rps6a/b and Bnr1p. (312 aa) | ||||
PEA2 | Protein PEA2; Coiled-coil 12S polarisome subunit; required for polarity establishment, apical bud growth, shmoo formation, filamentous differentiation; involved in Bni1p localization at sites of polarized growth, controlling polarized assembly of actin cables; role in apical growth affects diploid-specific bipolar bud site selection; retains Slt2p at bud tip to regulate ER inheritance; role in Ca2+ influx, cell fusion; S288C allele encoding Leu409 rather than Met linked with non-invasion. (420 aa) | ||||
MDS3 | Putative component of the TOR regulatory pathway; negative regulator of early meiotic gene expression; required, with Pmd1p, for growth under alkaline conditions; has an N-terminal kelch-like domain; MDS3 has a paralog, PMD1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (1487 aa) | ||||
GSC2 | Catalytic subunit of 1,3-beta-glucan synthase; involved in formation of the inner layer of the spore wall; activity positively regulated by Rho1p and negatively by Smk1p; GSC2 has a paralog, FKS1, that arose from the whole genome duplication; Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 48 family. (1895 aa) | ||||
AMA1 | Meiosis-specific APC/C activator protein AMA1; Activator of meiotic anaphase promoting complex (APC/C); Cdc20p family member; required for initiation of spore wall assembly; required for Clb1p degradation during meiosis; prevents premature assembly of the meiosis I spindle, required for DSB induced prophase I arrest; Belongs to the WD repeat CDC20/Fizzy family. (593 aa) | ||||
KEL2 | Kelch repeat-containing protein 2; Protein that negatively regulates mitotic exit; forms a complex with Kel1p and Bud14p that regulates Bnr1p (formin) to affect actin cable assembly, cytokinesis, and polarized growth; functions in a complex with Kel1p, interacts with Tem1p and Lte1p; localizes to regions of polarized growth; potential Cdc28p substrate. (882 aa) | ||||
GIC1 | GTPase-interacting component 1; Protein involved in initiation of budding and cellular polarization; interacts with Cdc42p via the Cdc42/Rac-interactive binding (CRIB) domain; relocalizes from bud neck to nucleus upon DNA replication stress; GIC1 has a paralog, GIC2, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (314 aa) | ||||
KEL1 | Kelch repeat-containing protein 1; Protein required for proper cell fusion and cell morphology; forms a complex with Bud14p and Kel2p that regulates Bnr1p (formin) to affect actin cable assembly, cytokinesis, and polarized growth; functions in a complex with Kel2p to negatively regulate mitotic exit, interacts with Tem1p and Lte1p; localizes to regions of polarized growth; potential Cdc28p substrate. (1164 aa) | ||||
AVT7 | Vacuolar amino acid transporter 7; Putative transporter; member of a family of seven S. cerevisiae genes (AVT1-7) related to vesicular GABA-glycine transporters. (490 aa) | ||||
RHO3 | GTP-binding protein RHO3; Non-essential small GTPase of the Rho/Rac family of Ras-like proteins; involved in the establishment of cell polarity; GTPase activity positively regulated by the GTPase activating protein (GAP) Rgd1p. (231 aa) | ||||
SWI3 | Subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex; SWI/SNF regulates transcription by remodeling chromosomes; contains SANT domain that is required for SWI/SNF assembly; is essential for displacement of histone H2A-H2B dimers during ATP-dependent remodeling; required for transcription of many genes, including ADH1, ADH2, GAL1, HO, INO1 and SUC2; relocates to the cytosol under hypoxic conditions. (825 aa) | ||||
UBP12 | Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 12; Ubiquitin-specific protease; cleaves ubiquitin from ubiquitinated proteins; present in the nucleus and cytoplasm; Belongs to the peptidase C19 family. (1254 aa) | ||||
ECM25 | Non-essential protein of unknown function; promoter contains a consensus binding sequence for factor Abf1p. (599 aa) | ||||
RHO4 | GTP-binding protein RHO4; Non-essential small GTPase; member of the Rho/Rac subfamily of Ras-like proteins; likely to be involved in the establishment of cell polarity; has long N-terminal extension that plays an important role in Rho4p function and is shared with Rho4 homologs in other yeasts and filamentous fungi. (291 aa) | ||||
SPA2 | Protein SPA2; Component of the polarisome; functions in actin cytoskeletal organization during polarized growth; acts as a scaffold for Mkk1p and Mpk1p cell wall integrity signaling components; potential Cdc28p substrate; coding sequence contains length polymorphisms in different strains; SPA2 has a paralog, SPH1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (1466 aa) | ||||
RAX2 | Bud site selection protein RAX2; N-glycosylated protein; involved in the maintenance of bud site selection during bipolar budding; localization requires Rax1p; RAX2 mRNA stability is regulated by Mpt5p. (1220 aa) | ||||
CDC42 | Cell division control protein 42; Small rho-like GTPase; essential for establishment and maintenance of cell polarity; plays a role late in cell fusion via activation of key cell fusion regulator Fus2p; mutants have defects in the organization of actin and septins; human homolog CDC42 can complement yeast cdc42 mutant. (191 aa) | ||||
SPH1 | Protein involved in shmoo formation and bipolar bud site selection; localizes to sites of polarized growth in a cell cycle dependent- and Spa2p-dependent manner, interacts with MAPKKs Mkk1p, Mkk2p, and Ste7p; SPH1 has a paralog, SPA2, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (530 aa) | ||||
SPO77 | Sporulation-specific protein 77; Meiosis-specific protein of unknown function; required for spore wall formation during sporulation and for timely prospore membrane closure along with SPS1; required with Sps1p for phosphorylation and turnover of Ssp1p; dispensable for both nuclear divisions during meiosis. (477 aa) | ||||
FKS1 | 1,3-beta-glucan synthase component FKS1; Catalytic subunit of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase; functionally redundant with alternate catalytic subunit Gsc2p; binds to regulatory subunit Rho1p; involved in cell wall synthesis and maintenance; localizes to sites of cell wall remodeling; FKS1 has a paralog, GSC2, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (1876 aa) | ||||
SUB1 | Transcriptional regulator; facilitates elongation through factors that modify RNAP II; role in peroxide resistance involving Rad2p; role in nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) of ds breaks in plasmid DNA, but not chromosomal DNA; role in the hyperosmotic stress response through polymerase recruitment at RNAP II and RNAP III genes; negatively regulates sporulation; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; functionally complemented by human SUB1 (PC4). (292 aa) | ||||
YPK2 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase YPK2/YKR2; Protein kinase similar to S/T protein kinase Ypk1p; functionally redundant with YPK1 at the genetic level; participates in a signaling pathway required for optimal cell wall integrity; involved in the TORC-dependent phosphorylation of ribosomal proteins Rps6a/b (S6); human homolog SGK2 can complement a ypk1 ypk2 double mutant. (677 aa) | ||||
GPB2 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta 2; Multistep regulator of cAMP-PKA signaling; inhibits PKA downstream of Gpa2p and Cyr1p, thereby increasing cAMP dependency; inhibits Ras activity through direct interactions with Ira1p/2p; regulated by G-alpha protein Gpa2p; GPB2 has a paralog, GPB1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (880 aa) | ||||
BUD14 | Protein involved in bud-site selection; Bud14p-Glc7p complex is a cortical regulator of dynein; forms a complex with Kel1p and Kel2p that regulates Bnr1p (formin) to affect actin cable assembly, cytokinesis, and polarized growth; diploid mutants display a random budding pattern instead of the wild-type bipolar pattern; relative distribution to the nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress. (709 aa) | ||||
CDC15 | Cell division control protein 15; Protein kinase of the Mitotic Exit Network; localized to the spindle pole bodies at late anaphase; promotes mitotic exit by directly switching on the kinase activity of Dbf2p; required for spindle disassembly after meiosis II; relocalizes to the cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress. (974 aa) | ||||
KCC4 | Probable serine/threonine-protein kinase KCC4; Protein kinase of the bud neck involved in the septin checkpoint; associates with septin proteins, negatively regulates Swe1p by phosphorylation, shows structural homology to bud neck kinases Gin4p and Hsl1p; KCC4 has a paralog, GIN4, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (1037 aa) | ||||
FUS1 | Nuclear fusion protein FUS1; Membrane protein localized to the shmoo tip; required for cell fusion; expression regulated by mating pheromone; proposed to coordinate signaling, fusion, and polarization events required for fusion; potential Cdc28p substrate. (512 aa) | ||||
OPT2 | Oligopeptide transporter; localized to peroxisomes and affects glutathione redox homeostasis; also localizes to the plasma membrane (PM) and to the late Golgi, and has a role in maintenance of lipid asymmetry between the inner and outer leaflets of the PM; member of the OPT family, with potential orthologs in S. pombe and C. albicans; also plays a role in formation of mature vacuoles and in polarized cell growth. (877 aa) | ||||
RHO1 | GTP-binding protein of the rho subfamily of Ras-like proteins; involved in establishment of cell polarity; regulates protein kinase C (Pkc1p) and the cell wall synthesizing enzyme 1,3-beta-glucan synthase (Fks1p and Gsc2p). (209 aa) | ||||
SMK1 | Middle sporulation-specific mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK); required for production of the outer spore wall layers; negatively regulates activity of the glucan synthase subunit Gsc2p. (388 aa) | ||||
SWI1 | Subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex; regulates transcription by remodeling chromatin; required for transcription of many genes, including ADH1, ADH2, GAL1, HO, INO1 and SUC2; self-assembles to form [SWI+] prion and to alter expression pattern; human homolog ARID1A is a candidate tumor suppressor gene in breast cancer; Belongs to the SWI1 family. (1314 aa) | ||||
GPB1 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta 1; Multistep regulator of cAMP-PKA signaling; inhibits PKA downstream of Gpa2p and Cyr1p, thereby increasing cAMP dependency; promotes ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis of Ira2p; regulated by G-alpha protein Gpa2p; GPB1 has a paralog, GPB2, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (897 aa) | ||||
SNF2 | Transcription regulatory protein SNF2; Catalytic subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex; involved in transcriptional regulation; contains DNA-stimulated ATPase activity; functions interdependently in transcriptional activation with Snf5p and Snf6p. (1703 aa) | ||||
PTP2 | Tyrosine-protein phosphatase 2; Nuclear phosphotyrosine-specific phosphatase involved in osmosensing; involved in the inactivation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) during osmolarity sensing; dephosporylates Hog1p MAPK and regulates its localization; with Msg5p co-regulates the calcium signaling pathway. (750 aa) | ||||
UBP2 | Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 2; Ubiquitin-specific protease; removes ubiquitin from ubiquitinated proteins; controls K63 homeostasis during oxidative stress; deubiquitinates Rsp5p and is required for MVB sorting of membrane proteins; can cleave polyubiquitin and has isopeptidase activity. (1272 aa) | ||||
PDR16 | Phosphatidylinositol transfer protein (PITP); controlled by the multiple drug resistance regulator Pdr1p; localizes to lipid particles and microsomes; controls levels of various lipids, may regulate lipid synthesis; homologous to Pdr17p; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress. (351 aa) | ||||
PSD1 | Phosphatidylserine decarboxylase of the mitochondrial inner membrane; converts phosphatidylserine to phosphatidylethanolamine; regulates mitochondrial fusion and morphology by affecting lipid mixing in the mitochondrial membrane and by influencing the ratio of long to short forms of Mgm1p; partly exposed to the mitochondrial intermembrane space; autocatalytically processed; Belongs to the phosphatidylserine decarboxylase family. PSD-B subfamily. Eukaryotic type I sub-subfamily. (500 aa) | ||||
SRV2 | CAP (cyclase-associated protein); N-terminus binds adenylate cyclase and facilitates activation by RAS; N-terminus forms novel hexameric star-shaped shuriken structures that directly catalyze cofilin-mediated severing of actin filaments; C-terminus binds and recycles cofilin bound, ADP-actin monomers, facilitating regulation of actin dynamics and cell morphogenesis; N- and C-termini can function as physically separate proteins; mCAP1 is the mouse homolog. (526 aa) | ||||
RHO2 | GTP-binding protein RHO2; Non-essential small GTPase of the Rho/Rac family of Ras-like proteins; involved in the establishment of cell polarity and in microtubule assembly. (192 aa) | ||||
FKS3 | 1,3-beta-glucan synthase component FKS3; Protein involved in spore wall assembly; has similarity to 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase catalytic subunits Fks1p and Gsc2p; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies; Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 48 family. (1785 aa) | ||||
FUS2 | Cell fusion regulator; cytoplasmic protein localized to shmoo tip; required for alignment of parental nuclei before nuclear fusion during mating; contains a Dbl-homology domain; binds specifically with activated Cdc42p. (677 aa) | ||||
FIG2 | Factor-induced gene 2 protein; Cell wall adhesin, expressed specifically during mating; may be involved in maintenance of cell wall integrity during mating; FIG2 has a paralog, AGA1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (1609 aa) | ||||
SIR2 | Conserved NAD+ dependent histone deacetylase of the Sirtuin family; deacetylation targets are primarily nuclear proteins; required for telomere hypercluster formation in quiescent yeast cells; involved in regulation of lifespan; plays roles in silencing at HML, HMR, telomeres, and rDNA; negatively regulates initiation of DNA replication; functions as regulator of autophagy like mammalian homolog SIRT1, and also of mitophagy. (562 aa) | ||||
CDC48 | Cell division control protein 48; AAA ATPase; subunit of polyUb-selective segregase complex involved in ERAD, INM-associated degradation (INMAD), mitotic spindle disassembly, macroautophagy, PMN, ribosome-associated degradation, ribophagy, homotypic ER membrane fusion, SCF complex disassembly, cell wall integrity during heat stress, and telomerase regulation; mobilizes membrane-anchored transcription factors by regulated Ub/proteasome-dependent processing (RUP); human ortholog VCP complements a cdc48 mutant. (835 aa) | ||||
HBT1 | Shmoo tip protein, substrate of Hub1p ubiquitin-like protein; mutants are defective for mating projection formation, thereby implicating Hbt1p in polarized cell morphogenesis; HBT1 has a paralog, YNL195C, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (1046 aa) |