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| | LRG1 | Rho-GTPase-activating protein LRG1; GTPase-activating protein (GAP); contains Rho1p-specific GAP activity, interacting with activated forms of Rho1p; functions along with Sac7p as a negative regulator of the Pkc1p-mediated cell wall integrity signaling pathway; negative regulator of cell wall 1,3-beta-glucan biosynthesis; required for efficient cell fusion; contains a RhoGAP domain and three Lin-11-Isl1-Mec-3 (LIM) domains. (1017 aa) |
| | SHS1 | Seventh homolog of septin 1; Component of the septin ring that is required for cytokinesis; present at the ends of rod-like septin hetero-oligomers; C-terminal extension is important for recruitment of Bni5p to the mother-bud neck, which in turn is required for Myo1p recruitment and cytokinesis; undergoes sumoylation and phosphorylation during mitosis; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress. (551 aa) |
| | SHR3 | Secretory component protein SHR3; Endoplasmic reticulum packaging chaperone; required for incorporation of amino acid permeases into COPII coated vesicles for transport to the cell surface. (210 aa) |
| | SPA2 | Protein SPA2; Component of the polarisome; functions in actin cytoskeletal organization during polarized growth; acts as a scaffold for Mkk1p and Mpk1p cell wall integrity signaling components; potential Cdc28p substrate; coding sequence contains length polymorphisms in different strains; SPA2 has a paralog, SPH1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (1466 aa) |
| | SHM2 | Cytosolic serine hydroxymethyltransferase; converts serine to glycine plus 5,10 methylenetetrahydrofolate; major isoform involved in generating precursors for purine, pyrimidine, amino acid, and lipid biosynthesis; Belongs to the SHMT family. (469 aa) |
| | RAX2 | Bud site selection protein RAX2; N-glycosylated protein; involved in the maintenance of bud site selection during bipolar budding; localization requires Rax1p; RAX2 mRNA stability is regulated by Mpt5p. (1220 aa) |
| | CCW12 | Cell wall mannoprotein; plays a role in maintenance of newly synthesized areas of cell wall; localizes to periphery of small buds, septum region of larger buds, and shmoo tip; CCW12 has a paralog, YDR134C, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (133 aa) |
| | SEC10 | Essential 100kDa subunit of the exocyst complex; the exocyst mediates polarized targeting and tethering of post-Golgi secretory vesicles to active sites of exocytosis at the plasma membrane prior to SNARE-mediated fusion; Belongs to the SEC10 family. (871 aa) |
| | ENT2 | Epsin-2; Epsin-like protein required for endocytosis and actin patch assembly; functionally redundant with Ent1p; contains clathrin-binding motif at C-terminus; ENT2 has a paralog, ENT1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (613 aa) |
| | CDC42 | Cell division control protein 42; Small rho-like GTPase; essential for establishment and maintenance of cell polarity; plays a role late in cell fusion via activation of key cell fusion regulator Fus2p; mutants have defects in the organization of actin and septins; human homolog CDC42 can complement yeast cdc42 mutant. (191 aa) |
| | SPH1 | Protein involved in shmoo formation and bipolar bud site selection; localizes to sites of polarized growth in a cell cycle dependent- and Spa2p-dependent manner, interacts with MAPKKs Mkk1p, Mkk2p, and Ste7p; SPH1 has a paralog, SPA2, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (530 aa) |
| | BUD6 | Bud site selection protein 6; Actin- and formin-interacting protein; participates in actin cable assembly and organization as a nucleation-promoting factor (NPF) for formins Bni1p and Bnr1p; a triple helical coiled-coil domain in the C-terminal region interacts with Bni1p; involved in polarized cell growth; isolated as bipolar budding mutant; potential Cdc28p substrate. (788 aa) |
| | CHS5 | Chitin biosynthesis protein CHS5; Component of the exomer complex; the exomer which also contains Csh6p, Bch1p, Bch2p, and Bud7, is involved in the export of select proteins, such as chitin synthase Chs3p, from the Golgi to the plasma membrane; interacts selectively with the activated, GTP-bound form of Arf1p; Chs5p is the only protein with a BRCT domain that is not localized to the nucleus. (671 aa) |
| | MID2 | Cell wall integrity sensor MID2; O-glycosylated plasma membrane protein; acts as a sensor for cell wall integrity signaling and activates the pathway; interacts with Rom2p, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rho1p, and with cell integrity pathway protein Zeo1p; MID2 has a paralog, MTL1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (376 aa) |
| | VRP1 | Verprolin, proline-rich actin-associated protein; involved in cytoskeletal organization and cytokinesis; promotes actin nucleation and endocytosis; related to mammalian Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP)-interacting protein (WIP); Belongs to the verprolin family. (817 aa) |
| | ROM2 | Guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Rho1p and Rho2p; mutations are synthetically lethal with mutations in rom1, which also encodes a GEF; Rom2p localization to the bud surface is dependent on Ack1p; ROM2 has a paralog, ROM1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (1356 aa) |
| | INA1 | Cell membrane protein YLR413W; Protein of unknown function; not an essential gene; YLR413W has a paralog, FAT3, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (675 aa) |
| | PUN1 | Plasma membrane protein with a role in cell wall integrity; co-localizes with Sur7p in punctate membrane patches; null mutant displays decreased thermotolerance; transcription induced upon cell wall damage and metal ion stress. (263 aa) |
| | ECM7 | Protein ECM7; Putative integral membrane protein with a role in calcium uptake; non-essential protein; mutant has cell wall defects and Ca+ uptake deficiencies; transcription is induced under conditions of zinc deficiency. (448 aa) |
| | PRM6 | Pheromone-regulated membrane protein 6; Potassium transporter that mediates K+ influx; activates high-affinity Ca2+ influx system (HACS) during mating pheromone response; expression up-regulated in response to alpha factor; regulated by Ste12p during mating; localized to sites of polarized growth; member of a fungal-specific gene family; PRM6 has a paralog, KCH1, that arose from the whole genome duplication; To yeast YJR054w. (352 aa) |
| | RIM9 | pH-response regulator protein palI/RIM9; Plasma membrane protein of unknown function; involved in the proteolytic activation of Rim101p in response to alkaline pH; interacts with Rim21p and Dfg16p to form a pH-sensing complex in the Rim101 pathway and is required to maintain Rim21p levels; has similarity to A. nidulans PalI;; Belongs to the palI/RIM9 family. (239 aa) |
| | AIP1 | Actin-interacting protein 1; Actin cortical patch component; interacts with the actin depolymerizing factor cofilin; inhibits elongation of aged ADP-actin filaments decorated with cofilin to maintain a high level of assembly-competent actin species; required to restrict cofilin localization to cortical patches; putative regulator of cytokinesis; contains WD repeats; protein increases in abundance and relocalizes from cytoplasm to plasma membrane upon DNA replication stress. (615 aa) |
| | MYO5 | Myosin-5; One of two type I myosin motors; contains proline-rich tail homology 2 (TH2) and SH3 domains; MYO5 deletion has little effect on growth, but myo3 myo5 double deletion causes severe defects in growth and actin cytoskeleton organization; MYO5 has a paralog, MYO3, that arose from the whole genome duplication; Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Myosin family. (1219 aa) |
| | DNF3 | Probable phospholipid-transporting ATPase DNF3; Trans-golgi network aminophospholipid translocase (flippase); type 4 P-type ATPase; involved in phospholipid translocation, contributing to the maintenance of membrane lipid asymmetry in post-Golgi secretory vesicles; role in protein trafficking between the Golgi and endosomal system; localizes to the trans-Golgi network; localizes to the shmoo tip where it has a redundant role in the cellular response to mating pheromone. (1656 aa) |
| | FUS2 | Cell fusion regulator; cytoplasmic protein localized to shmoo tip; required for alignment of parental nuclei before nuclear fusion during mating; contains a Dbl-homology domain; binds specifically with activated Cdc42p. (677 aa) |
| | YMR295C | Uncharacterized protein YMR295C; Protein of unknown function that associates with ribosomes; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cell periphery and bud; not an essential gene; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; YMR295C has a paralog, YGR273C, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (197 aa) |
| | ARK1 | Actin-regulating kinase 1; Serine/threonine protein kinase; involved in regulation of the cortical actin cytoskeleton; involved in control of endocytosis; ARK1 has a paralog, PRK1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (638 aa) |
| | END3 | Actin cytoskeleton-regulatory complex protein END3; EH domain-containing protein involved in endocytosis; actin cytoskeletal organization and cell wall morphogenesis; forms a complex with Sla1p and Pan1p. (349 aa) |
| | INP52 | Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 5-phosphatase; Polyphosphatidylinositol phosphatase; dephosphorylates a number of phosphatidylinositol phosphates (PtdInsPs, PIPs) to PI; involved in endocytosis; hyperosmotic stress causes translocation to actin patches; synaptojanin-like protein with a Sac1 domain; INP52 has a paralog, INP53, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (1183 aa) |
| | SRV2 | CAP (cyclase-associated protein); N-terminus binds adenylate cyclase and facilitates activation by RAS; N-terminus forms novel hexameric star-shaped shuriken structures that directly catalyze cofilin-mediated severing of actin filaments; C-terminus binds and recycles cofilin bound, ADP-actin monomers, facilitating regulation of actin dynamics and cell morphogenesis; N- and C-termini can function as physically separate proteins; mCAP1 is the mouse homolog. (526 aa) |
| | CBK1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase CBK1; Serine/threonine protein kinase of the the RAM signaling network; Ndr/LATS family member; binds regulatory subunit Mob2p; involved in regulation of cellular morphogenesis, polarized growth, and septum destruction; phosphorylation by Cbk1p regulates localization and activity of Ace2p transcription factor and Ssd1p translational repressor; Cbk1p activity is regulated by both phosphorylation and specific localization; relocalizes to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. STE Ser/Thr protein kinase family. COT [...] (756 aa) |
| | SLA2 | Adaptor protein that links actin to clathrin and endocytosis; involved in membrane cytoskeleton assembly and cell polarization; present in the actin cortical patch of the emerging bud tip; dimer in vivo; Belongs to the SLA2 family. (968 aa) |
| | BNI1 | Protein BNI1; Formin; polarisome component; nucleates the formation of linear actin filaments, involved in cell processes such as budding and mitotic spindle orientation which require the formation of polarized actin cables; recruited to the division site in a Glc7p/Ref2p dependent manner following release of Bnr1p; functionally redundant with BNR1. (1953 aa) |
| | SEC2 | Guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor for the small G-protein Sec4p; essential for post-Golgi vesicle transport and for autophagy; associates with the exocyst, via exocyst subunit Sec15p, on secretory vesicles; Belongs to the SEC2 family. (759 aa) |
| | PRM1 | Plasma membrane fusion protein PRM1; Pheromone-regulated multispanning membrane protein; involved in membrane fusion during mating; predicted to have 5 transmembrane segments and a coiled coil domain; localizes to the shmoo tip; regulated by Ste12p. (661 aa) |
| | WSC2 | Cell wall integrity and stress response component 2; Sensor-transducer of the stress-activated PKC1-MPK1 signaling pathway; involved in maintenance of cell wall integrity and recovery from heat shock; required for the arrest of secretion response; WSC2 has a paralog, WSC3, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (503 aa) |
| | MSB3 | Rab GTPase-activating protein; regulates endocytosis via inactivation of Vps21p at endosomes and vacuole fusion via inactivation of Ypt7p at vacuoles; also acts on Ypt52p and Sec4p; localizes to plasma membrane, sites of polarized growth; relocalizes from bud neck to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress; similar to TBC-domain Tre2 oncogene; MSB3 has a paralog, MSB4, that arose from the whole genome duplication; human homolog USP6NL can complement yeast msb3 msb4 double null. (633 aa) |
| | FPK1 | Flippase kinase 1; Ser/Thr protein kinase; phosphorylates several aminophospholipid translocase family members, regulating phospholipid translocation and membrane asymmetry; phosphorylates and inhibits upstream inhibitory kinase, Ypk1p; localizes to the cytoplasm, early endosome/TGN compartments and thplasma membrane; localizes to the shmoo tip where it has a redundant role in the cellular response to mating pheromone; FPK1 has a paralog, KIN82, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (893 aa) |
| | POP2 | Poly(A) ribonuclease POP2; RNase of the DEDD superfamily; subunit of the Ccr4-Not complex that mediates 3' to 5' mRNA deadenylation. (433 aa) |
| | YOL019W | Uncharacterized membrane protein YOL019W; Protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cell periphery and vacuole; YOL019W has a paralog, DCV1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (551 aa) |
| | WSC3 | Cell wall integrity and stress response component 3; Sensor-transducer of the stress-activated PKC1-MPK1 signaling pathway; involved in maintenance of cell wall integrity; involved in response to heat shock and other stressors; regulates 1,3-beta-glucan synthesis; WSC3 has a paralog, WSC2, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (556 aa) |
| | MSB4 | GTPase-activating protein of the Ras superfamily; acts primarily on Sec4p, localizes to the bud site and bud tip; msb3 msb4 double mutation causes defects in secretion and actin organization; similar to the TBC-domain Tre2 oncogene; MSB4 has a paralog, MSB3, that arose from the whole genome duplication; human homolog USP6NL can complement yeast msb3 msb4 double null mutant. (492 aa) |
| | SLG1 | Protein SLG1; Sensor-transducer of the stress-activated PKC1-MPK1 kinase pathway; involved in maintenance of cell wall integrity; required for mitophagy; involved in organization of the actin cytoskeleton; secretory pathway Wsc1p is required for the arrest of secretion response. (378 aa) |
| | LAS17 | Proline-rich protein LAS17; Actin assembly factor; C-terminal WCA domain activates Arp2/3 complex-mediated nucleation of branched actin filaments, polyproline domain nucleates actin filaments independent of Arp2/3; mutants are defective in endocytosis, bud site selection, cytokinesis; human homolog WAS (Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome) implicated in severe immunodeficiency; human WAS complements yeast null mutant, but only in presence of WIPF1, which mediates localization of WAS to cortical patches. (633 aa) |
| | MKK1 | MAPKK involved in the protein kinase C signaling pathway; involved in control of cell integrity; upon activation by Bck1p phosphorylates downstream target, Slt2p; functionally redundant with Mkk2p; MKK1 has a paralog, MKK2, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (508 aa) |
| | ABP140 | tRNA(Thr) (cytosine(32)-N(3))-methyltransferase; AdoMet-dependent tRNA methyltransferase and actin binding protein; C-terminal domain is responsible for 3-methylcytidine modification of residue 32 of the tRNA anticodon loop of tRNA-Thr and tRNA-Ser and contains an S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) binding motif; N-terminal actin binding sequence interacts with actin filaments and localizes to actin patches and cables; N- and C-terminal domains are encoded in separate ORFs that are translated into one protein via a +1 frameshift. (628 aa) |
| | BIL1 | Uncharacterized protein YOR304C-A; Protein that binds Bud6p and has a role in actin cable assembly; involved in the Bnr1p-dependent pathway of cable assembly; localizes to bud tip and bud neck. (76 aa) |
| | MYO2 | Myosin-2; Type V myosin motor involved in actin-based transport of cargos; required for the polarized delivery of secretory vesicles, the vacuole, late Golgi elements, peroxisomes, and the mitotic spindle; MYO2 has a paralog, MYO4, that arose from the whole genome duplication; Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Myosin family. (1574 aa) |
| | TEA1 | Ty1 enhancer activator involved in Ty enhancer-mediated transcription; required for full levels of Ty enhancer-mediated transcription; C6 zinc cluster DNA-binding protein. (759 aa) |
| | SOG2 | Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein SOG2; Key component of the RAM signaling network; required for proper cell morphogenesis and cell separation after mitosis. (791 aa) |
| | GPB1 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta 1; Multistep regulator of cAMP-PKA signaling; inhibits PKA downstream of Gpa2p and Cyr1p, thereby increasing cAMP dependency; promotes ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis of Ira2p; regulated by G-alpha protein Gpa2p; GPB1 has a paralog, GPB2, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (897 aa) |
| | CAR1 | Arginase, catabolizes arginine to ornithine and urea; expression responds to both induction by arginine and nitrogen catabolite repression; disruption decreases production of carcinogen ethyl carbamate during wine fermentation and also enhances freeze tolerance. (333 aa) |
| | BEM3 | GTPase-activating protein BEM3; Rho GTPase activating protein (RhoGAP); involved in control of the cytoskeleton organization; targets the essential Rho-GTPase Cdc42p, which controls establishment and maintenance of cell polarity, including bud-site assembly. (1128 aa) |
| | MKK2 | MAPKK involved in the protein kinase C signaling pathway; involved in control of cell integrity; upon activation by Bck1p phosphorylates downstream target, Slt2p; functionally redundant with Mkk1p; MKK2 has a paralog, MKK1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (506 aa) |
| | NIP100 | Protein NIP100; Large subunit of the dynactin complex; dynactin is involved in partitioning the mitotic spindle between mother and daughter cells; putative ortholog of mammalian p150(glued). (868 aa) |
| | GYP5 | GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for yeast Rab family members; involved in ER to Golgi trafficking; exhibits GAP activity toward Ypt1p that is stimulated by Gyl1p, also acts on Sec4p; interacts with Gyl1p, Rvs161p and Rvs167p; involved in recruiting Rvs167p to the bud tip during polarized growth; relocalizes from bud neck to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress; GYP5 has a paralog, GYL1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (894 aa) |
| | KAR9 | Karyogamy protein KAR9; Spindle positioning factor; orients astral microtubules, connecting them to actin cables at the cortex with Bim1p and Myo2, resulting in proper spindle positioning; targeted for StuBL-dependent degradation at kinetochores by Slx5p-Slx8p, ensuring chromosome transmission fidelity and correct spindle positioning; role in karyogamy; localizes to the shmoo tip, the growing bud-tip, the nucleus, the kinetochore, the spindle and microtubules; homolog of adenomatous polyposis coli. (644 aa) |
| | SRO7 | Lethal(2) giant larvae protein homolog SRO7; Effector of Rab GTPase Sec4p; forms a complex with Sec4p and t-SNARE Sec9p; involved in exocytosis and docking and fusion of post-Golgi vesicles with plasma membrane; regulates cell proliferation and colony development via the Rho1-Tor1 pathway; homolog of Drosophila lgl tumor suppressor; SRO7 has a paralog, SRO77, that arose from the whole genome duplication; Belongs to the WD repeat L(2)GL family. (1033 aa) |
| | SEC8 | Essential 121 kDa subunit of the exocyst complex; the exocyst mediates polarized targeting and tethering of post-Golgi secretory vesicles to active sites of exocytosis at the plasma membrane prior to SNARE-mediated fusion; involved in ER and Golgi inheritance in small buds; relocalizes away from bud neck upon DNA replication stress; Belongs to the SEC8 family. (1065 aa) |
| | AXL1 | Putative protease AXL1; Haploid specific endoprotease of a-factor mating pheromone; performs one of two N-terminal cleavages during maturation of a-factor mating pheromone; required for axial budding pattern of haploid cells. (1208 aa) |
| | RHO1 | GTP-binding protein of the rho subfamily of Ras-like proteins; involved in establishment of cell polarity; regulates protein kinase C (Pkc1p) and the cell wall synthesizing enzyme 1,3-beta-glucan synthase (Fks1p and Gsc2p). (209 aa) |
| | BSP1 | Protein BSP1; Adapter that links synaptojanins to the cortical actin cytoskeleton; the synaptojanins are Inp52p and Inp53p. (576 aa) |
| | SEC31 | Protein transport protein SEC31; Component of the Sec13p-Sec31p complex of the COPII vesicle coat; COPII coat is required for vesicle formation in ER to Golgi transport; mutant has increased aneuploidy tolerance. (1273 aa) |
| | ENT1 | Epsin-1; Epsin-like protein involved in endocytosis and actin patch assembly; functionally redundant with Ent2p; binds clathrin via a clathrin-binding domain motif at C-terminus; relocalizes from bud neck to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress; ENT1 has a paralog, ENT2, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (454 aa) |
| | PRK1 | Actin-regulating kinase PRK1; Protein serine/threonine kinase; regulates the organization and function of the actin cytoskeleton and reduces endocytic ability of cell through the phosphorylation of the Pan1p-Sla1p-End3p protein complex; PRK1 has a paralog, ARK1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (810 aa) |
| | CDC48 | Cell division control protein 48; AAA ATPase; subunit of polyUb-selective segregase complex involved in ERAD, INM-associated degradation (INMAD), mitotic spindle disassembly, macroautophagy, PMN, ribosome-associated degradation, ribophagy, homotypic ER membrane fusion, SCF complex disassembly, cell wall integrity during heat stress, and telomerase regulation; mobilizes membrane-anchored transcription factors by regulated Ub/proteasome-dependent processing (RUP); human ortholog VCP complements a cdc48 mutant. (835 aa) |
| | ABP1 | Actin-binding protein of the cortical actin cytoskeleton; important for activation of the Arp2/3 complex that plays a key role actin in cytoskeleton organization; inhibits barbed-end actin filament elongation; phosphorylation within its Proline-Rich Regio, mediated by Cdc28p and Pho85p, protects Abp1p from proteolysis mediated by its own PEST sequences; mammalian homolog of HIP-55 (hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 [HPK1]-interacting protein of 55 kDa). (592 aa) |
| | YCR043C | Uncharacterized protein YCR043C; Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the Golgi apparatus; YCR043C is not an essential gene. (127 aa) |
| | SYP1 | Suppressor of yeast profilin deletion; Negative regulator of WASP-Arp23 complex; involved in endocytic site formation; directly inhibits Las17p stimulation of Arp23 complex-mediated actin assembly in vitro; may regulate assembly and disassembly of the septin ring; colocalizes and interacts with septin subunits; potential role in actin cytoskeletal organization. (870 aa) |
| | RVS161 | Reduced viability upon starvation protein 161; Amphiphysin-like lipid raft protein; N-BAR domain protein that interacts with Rvs167p and regulates polarization of the actin cytoskeleton, endocytosis, cell polarity, cell fusion and viability following starvation or osmotic stress. (265 aa) |
| | CDC10 | Cell division control protein 10; Component of the septin ring, required for cytokinesis; septins are GTP-binding proteins that assemble into rod-like hetero-oligomers that can associate to form filaments; septin rings at the mother-bud neck act as scaffolds for recruiting cell division factors and as barriers to prevent diffusion of specific proteins between mother and daughter cells; N-terminus interacts with phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate; protein abundance increases under DNA damage stress. (322 aa) |
| | BIK1 | Nuclear fusion protein BIK1; Microtubule-associated protein; component of the interface between microtubules and kinetochore, involved in sister chromatid separation; essential in polyploid cells but not in haploid or diploid cells; ortholog of mammalian CLIP-170. (440 aa) |
| | FUS1 | Nuclear fusion protein FUS1; Membrane protein localized to the shmoo tip; required for cell fusion; expression regulated by mating pheromone; proposed to coordinate signaling, fusion, and polarization events required for fusion; potential Cdc28p substrate. (512 aa) |
| | RGD1 | GTPase-activating protein (RhoGAP) for Rho3p and Rho4p; possibly involved in control of actin cytoskeleton organization. (666 aa) |
| | BEM1 | Bud emergence protein 1; Protein containing SH3-domains; involved in establishing cell polarity and morphogenesis; functions as a scaffold protein for complexes that include Cdc24p, Ste5p, Ste20p, and Rsr1p. (551 aa) |
| | CMD1 | Calmodulin; Ca2+ binding protein that regulates Ca2+ independent processes (mitosis, bud growth, actin organization, endocytosis, etc.) and Ca2+ dependent processes (stress-activated pathways), targets include Nuf1p, Myo2p and calcineurin; binds to the Hog1p MAPK in response to hyperosmotic stress; potentiates membrane tubulation and constriction mediated by the Rvs161p-Rvs167p complex; human CALM1 or CALM2 functionally complement repression induced inviability. (147 aa) |
| | EXO84 | Exocyst complex component EXO84; Exocyst subunit with dual roles in exocytosis and spliceosome assembly; subunit of the the exocyst complex which mediates polarized targeting and tethering of post-Golgi secretory vesicles to active sites of exocytosis at the plasma membrane (PM) prior to SNARE-mediated fusion; required for exocyst assembly and targeting the complex to specific sites on the bud tip PM; associates the U1 snRNP; role in pre-mRNA splicing and prespliceosome formation; possible Cdc28 substrate; Belongs to the EXO84 family. (753 aa) |
| | SEC18 | Vesicular-fusion protein SEC18; AAA ATPase and SNARE disassembly chaperone; required for vesicular transport between ER and Golgi, the 'priming' step in homotypic vacuole fusion, autophagy, and protein secretion; releases Sec17p from SNAP complexes; has similarity to mammalian N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF). (758 aa) |
| | FIG1 | Factor-induced gene 1 protein; Integral membrane protein required for efficient mating; may participate in or regulate the low affinity Ca2+ influx system, which affects intracellular signaling and cell-cell fusion during mating. (298 aa) |
| | CHS3 | Chitin synthase III; catalyzes the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) to chitin; required for synthesis of the majority of cell wall chitin, the chitin ring during bud emergence, and spore wall chitosan; contains overlapping di-leucine and di-acidic signals that mediate, respectively, intracellular trafficking by AP-1 and trafficking to plasma membrane by exomer complex; requires AP-3 complex for its intracellular retention. (1165 aa) |
| | BOI1 | Protein implicated in polar growth; functionally redundant with Boi2p; interacts with bud-emergence protein Bem1p; contains an SH3 (src homology 3) domain and a PH (pleckstrin homology) domain; relocalizes from bud neck to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress; BOI1 has a paralog, BOI2, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (980 aa) |
| | EDE1 | EH domain-containing and endocytosis protein 1; Scaffold protein involved in the formation of early endocytic sites; putative regulator of cytokinesis; homo-oligomerization is required for localization to and organization of endocytic sites; has a network of interactions with other endocytic proteins; binds membranes in a ubiquitin-dependent manner; may also bind ubiquitinated membrane-associated proteins; interacts with Cmk2 and functions upstream of CMK2 in regulating non-apoptotic cell death; homolog of mammalian Eps15; Belongs to the VDP/USO1/EDE1 family. (1381 aa) |
| | FUS3 | Mitogen-activated serine/threonine protein kinase involved in mating; phosphoactivated by Ste7p; substrates include Ste12p, Far1p, Bni1p, Sst2p; inhibits invasive growth during mating by phosphorylating Tec1p, promoting its; inhibits recruitment of Ste5p, Cdc42p-mediated asymmetry and mating morphogenesis. (353 aa) |
| | SLA1 | Actin cytoskeleton-regulatory complex protein SLA1; Cytoskeletal protein binding protein; required for assembly of the cortical actin cytoskeleton; interacts with proteins regulating actin dynamics and proteins required for endocytosis; found in the nucleus and cell cortex; has 3 SH3 domains; Belongs to the SLA1 family. (1244 aa) |
| | BUD14 | Protein involved in bud-site selection; Bud14p-Glc7p complex is a cortical regulator of dynein; forms a complex with Kel1p and Kel2p that regulates Bnr1p (formin) to affect actin cable assembly, cytokinesis, and polarized growth; diploid mutants display a random budding pattern instead of the wild-type bipolar pattern; relative distribution to the nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress. (709 aa) |
| | GPB2 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta 2; Multistep regulator of cAMP-PKA signaling; inhibits PKA downstream of Gpa2p and Cyr1p, thereby increasing cAMP dependency; inhibits Ras activity through direct interactions with Ira1p/2p; regulated by G-alpha protein Gpa2p; GPB2 has a paralog, GPB1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (880 aa) |
| | CDC24 | Cell division control protein 24; Guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Cdc42p; required for polarity establishment and maintenance, and mutants have morphological defects in bud formation and shmooing; relocalizes from nucleus to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress; thermosensitivity of the cdc24-4 mutant in the presence of sorbitol is functionally complemented by human CDC42. (854 aa) |
| | TPD3 | Regulatory subunit A of the heterotrimeric PP2A complex; the heterotrimeric protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) complex also contains regulatory subunit Cdc55p and either catalytic subunit Pph21p or Pph22p; required for cell morphogenesis and transcription by RNA polymerase III. (635 aa) |
| | SFB3 | SED5-binding protein 3; Component of the Sec23p-Sfb3p heterodimer of the COPII vesicle coat; COPII coat is required for cargo selection during vesicle formation in ER to Golgi transport; scaffolding function of Lst1p required to generate vesicles that can accommodate difficult cargo proteins that include large oligomeric assemblies and asymmetrically distributed membrane proteins; homologous to Sec24p and Sfb2p; Belongs to the SEC23/SEC24 family. SEC24 subfamily. (929 aa) |
| | KIC1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase KIC1; Protein kinase of the PAK/Ste20 family, required for cell integrity; physically interacts with Cdc31p (centrin), which is a component of the spindle pole body; part of the RAM network that regulates cellular polarity and morphogenesis. (1080 aa) |
| | BZZ1 | SH3 domain protein implicated in regulating actin polymerization; able to recruit actin polymerization machinery through its SH3 domains; colocalizes with cortical actin patches and Las17p; interacts with type I myosins. (633 aa) |
| | KEL1 | Kelch repeat-containing protein 1; Protein required for proper cell fusion and cell morphology; forms a complex with Bud14p and Kel2p that regulates Bnr1p (formin) to affect actin cable assembly, cytokinesis, and polarized growth; functions in a complex with Kel2p to negatively regulate mitotic exit, interacts with Tem1p and Lte1p; localizes to regions of polarized growth; potential Cdc28p substrate. (1164 aa) |
| | CAP2 | Beta subunit of the capping protein heterodimer (Cap1p and Cap2p); capping protein (CP) binds to the barbed ends of actin filaments preventing further polymerization; localized predominantly to cortical actin patches; protein increases in abundance and relocalizes from bud neck to plasma membrane upon DNA replication stress. (287 aa) |
| | SEC6 | Essential 88kDa subunit of the exocyst complex; the exocyst mediates polarized targeting and tethering of post-Golgi secretory vesicles to active sites of exocytosis at the plasma membrane prior to SNARE-mediated fusion; anchors the assembled complex to sites of secretion; interacts with SM-like protein and SNARE regulator Sec1p and may recruit it to sites of secretion; binds to SNARE complexes binteracting with Sec9p. (805 aa) |
| | STE7 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase STE7; Signal transducing MAP kinase kinase; involved in pheromone response where it phosphorylates Fus3p; involved in the pseudohyphal/invasive growth pathway where it phosphorylates of Kss1p; phosphorylated by Ste11p; degraded by ubiquitin pathway. (515 aa) |
| | TAO3 | Cell morphogenesis protein PAG1; Component of the RAM signaling network; is involved in regulation of Ace2p activity and cellular morphogenesis, interacts with protein kinase Cbk1p and also with Kic1p; To S.pombe mor2. (2376 aa) |
| | BNR1 | BNI1-related protein 1; Formin; nucleates the formation of linear actin filaments; involved in processes such as budding and mitotic spindle orientation which require the formation of polarized actin cables; activity is regulated by Hof1p and by the Bud14p-Kel1p-Kel2p complex; dephosphorylated and delocalized from the division site in a Glc7p/Ref2p-dependent manner; functionally redundant with BNI1. (1375 aa) |
| | AIM21 | Protein of unknown function; involved in mitochondrial migration along actin filament; may interact with ribosomes; GFP-fusion protein colocalizes with Sac1p to the actin cytoskeleton; Belongs to the AIM21 family. (679 aa) |
| | PAN1 | Part of actin cytoskeleton-regulatory complex Pan1p-Sla1p-End3p; associates with actin patches on cell cortex; promotes protein-protein interactions essential for endocytosis; binds to and activates Arp2/3 complex in vitro; phosphorylation of Thr-1225 is regulated by MAPK Hog1p in response to osmotic stress; previously thought to be a subunit of poly(A) ribonuclease. (1480 aa) |
| | EXO70 | Subunit of the exocyst complex; the exocyst mediates polarized targeting and tethering of post-Golgi secretory vesicles to active sites of exocytosis prior to SNARE-mediated fusion; PtdIns[4,5]P2-binding protein that localizes to exocytic sites in an actin-independent manner, targeting and anchoring the exocyst with Sec3p; involved in exocyst assembly; direct downstream effector of Rho3p and Cdc42p; relocalizes from bud neck to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress. (623 aa) |
| | BCK1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase BCK1/SLK1/SSP31; MAPKKK acting in the protein kinase C signaling pathway; the kinase C signaling pathway controls cell integrity; upon activation by Pkc1p phosphorylates downstream kinases Mkk1p and Mkk2p; MAPKKK is an acronym for mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase kinase. (1478 aa) |
| | FAR1 | CDK inhibitor and nuclear anchor; during the cell cycle Far1p sequesters the GEF Cdc24p in the nucleus; phosphorylation by Cdc28p-Cln results in SCFCdc4 complex-mediated ubiquitin-dependent degradation, releasing Cdc24p for export and activation of GTPase Cdc42p; in response to pheromone, phosphorylation of Far1p by MAPK Fus3p results in association with, and inhibition of Cdc28p-Cln, as well as Msn5p mediated nuclear export of Far1p-Cdc24p, targeting Cdc24p to polarity sites. (830 aa) |
| | RCY1 | Recyclin-1; F-box protein involved in recycling endocytosed proteins; involved in recycling plasma membrane proteins internalized by endocytosis; localized to sites of polarized growth; direct interaction with C-terminal cytoplasmic region of Drs2p plays an important role for Drs2p function in endocytic recycling pathway. (840 aa) |
| | CDC11 | Cell division control protein 11; Component of the septin ring that is required for cytokinesis; present at the ends of rod-like septin hetero-oligomers; C-terminal extension is important for recruitment of Bni5p to the mother-bud neck, which in turn is required for Myo1p recruitment and cytokinesis; septin rings at the mother-bud neck act as scaffolds for recruiting cell division factors and as barriers to prevent diffusion of specific proteins between mother and daughter cells; Belongs to the TRAFAC class TrmE-Era-EngA-EngB-Septin-like GTPase superfamily. Septin GTPase family. (415 aa) |
| | CAP1 | Alpha subunit of the capping protein heterodimer (Cap1p and Cap2p); capping protein (CP) binds to the barbed ends of actin filaments preventing further polymerization; localized predominantly to cortical actin patches; protein increases in abundance and relocalizes from bud neck to plasma membrane upon DNA replication stress. (268 aa) |
| | SMY1 | Kinesin-related protein SMY1; Kinesin-like myosin passenger-protein; interacts with Myo2p and enhances its interaction with Sec4p during transport of secretory vesicles; controls actin cable structure and dynamics. (656 aa) |
| | MYO3 | Myosin-3; One of two type I myosins; localizes to actin cortical patches; deletion of MYO3 has little effect on growth, but myo3 myo5 double deletion causes severe defects in growth and actin cytoskeleton organization; MYO3 has a paralog, MYO5, that arose from the whole genome duplication; Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Myosin family. (1272 aa) |
| | FAT3 | Uncharacterized protein YKL187C; Protein required for fatty acid uptake; protein abundance increases in cortical patches in response to oleate exposure; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in a phosphorylated state in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies; FAT3 has a paralog, YLR413W, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (750 aa) |
| | HYM1 | Protein HYM1; Component of the RAM signaling network; is involved in regulation of Ace2p activity and cellular morphogenesis, interacts with Kic1p and Sog2p, localizes to sites of polarized growth during budding and during the mating response; Belongs to the Mo25 family. (399 aa) |
| | STE6 | Alpha-factor-transporting ATPase; Plasma membrane ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter; required for the export of a-factor, catalyzes ATP hydrolysis coupled to a-factor transport; contains 12 transmembrane domains and two ATP binding domains; expressed only in MATa cells; human homolog ABCB1 mediates multidrug resistance in many chemotherapy-resistant tumors by effluxing toxic compounds from the cell. (1290 aa) |
| | PXL1 | Paxillin-like protein 1; Protein that localizes to sites of polarized growth; required for selection and/or maintenance of polarized growth sites, may modulate signaling by the GTPases Cdc42p and Rho1p; contains LIM domains and has similarity to metazoan paxillin; relocalizes from bud neck to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress. (706 aa) |
| | GIC1 | GTPase-interacting component 1; Protein involved in initiation of budding and cellular polarization; interacts with Cdc42p via the Cdc42/Rac-interactive binding (CRIB) domain; relocalizes from bud neck to nucleus upon DNA replication stress; GIC1 has a paralog, GIC2, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (314 aa) |
| | SLT2 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase SLT2/MPK1; Serine/threonine MAP kinase; coordinates expression of all 19S regulatory particle assembly-chaperones (RACs) to control proteasome abundance; involved in regulating maintenance of cell wall integrity, cell cycle progression, nuclear mRNA retention in heat shock, septum assembly; required for mitophagy, pexophagy; affects recruitment of mitochondria to phagophore assembly site; plays role in adaptive response of cells to cold; regulated by the PKC1-mediated signaling pathway; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kin [...] (484 aa) |
| | STE20 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase STE20; Cdc42p-activated signal transducing kinase; involved in pheromone response, pseudohyphal/invasive growth, vacuole inheritance, down-regulation of sterol uptake; GBB motif binds Ste4p; member of the PAK (p21-activated kinase) family; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. STE Ser/Thr protein kinase family. STE20 subfamily. (939 aa) |
| | KEL2 | Kelch repeat-containing protein 2; Protein that negatively regulates mitotic exit; forms a complex with Kel1p and Bud14p that regulates Bnr1p (formin) to affect actin cable assembly, cytokinesis, and polarized growth; functions in a complex with Kel1p, interacts with Tem1p and Lte1p; localizes to regions of polarized growth; potential Cdc28p substrate. (882 aa) |
| | SMI1 | Cell wall assembly regulator SMI1; Protein involved in the regulation of cell wall synthesis; proposed to be involved in coordinating cell cycle progression with cell wall integrity. (505 aa) |
| | MDR1 | Cytoplasmic GTPase-activating protein; activates Ypt/Rab transport GTPases Ypt6p, Ypt31p and Sec4p; involved in recycling of internalized proteins and regulation of Golgi secretory function. (950 aa) |
| | TWF1 | Twinfilin-1; Twinfilin; highly conserved actin monomer-sequestering protein involved in regulation of the cortical actin cytoskeleton; coordinates actin filament severing and monomer sequestering at sites of rapid actin turnover; composed of two cofilin-like regions, stimulates actin depolymerization as does the mouse homolog, mTwf1. (332 aa) |
| | SEC15 | Essential 113 kDa subunit of the exocyst complex; the exocyst mediates polarized targeting and tethering of post-Golgi secretory vesicles to active sites of exocytosis prior to SNARE-mediated fusion; interacts with and functions as a downstream effector of active, GTP-bound Sec4p, a Rab family GTPase. (910 aa) |
| | CDC55 | Regulatory subunit B of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A); Zds1p/2p-dependent localization to cytoplasm promotes mitotic entry; localization to nucleus prevents mitotic exit; required for correct nuclear division, chromosome segregation during achiasmate meiosis; maintains nucleolar sequestration of Cdc14p during early meiosis; limits formation of PP2A-Rts1p holocomplexes to ensure timely dissolution of sister chromosome cohesion; homolog of mammalian B55. (526 aa) |
| | LSG1 | Large subunit GTPase 1; Putative GTPase involved in 60S ribosomal subunit biogenesis; required for the release of Nmd3p from 60S subunits in the cytoplasm; Belongs to the TRAFAC class YlqF/YawG GTPase family. LSG1 subfamily. (640 aa) |
| | DCV1 | Protein of unknown function; deletion mutant shows strong genetic interaction with cdc28-as1 mutant in the presence of 1-NM-PP1; DCV1 has a paralog, YOL019W, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (202 aa) |
| | MOB2 | Activator of Cbk1p kinase; component of the RAM signaling network that regulates cellular polarity and morphogenesis; activation of Cbk1p facilitates the Ace2p-dependent daughter cell-specific transcription of genes involved in cell separation; similar to Mob1p. (287 aa) |
| | SEC4 | Ras-related protein SEC4; Rab family GTPase; essential for vesicle-mediated exocytic secretion and autophagy; associates with the exocyst component Sec15p and may regulate polarized delivery of transport vesicles to the exocyst at the plasma membrane. (215 aa) |
| | DNF1 | Phospholipid-transporting ATPase DNF1; Aminophospholipid translocase (flippase); type 4 P-type ATPase; involved in phospholipid translocation, contributing to endocytosis, protein transport, and cellular polarization; localizes primarily to the plasma membrane; localizes to the shmoo tip where it has a redundant role in the cellular response to mating pheromone; DNF1 has a paralog, DNF2, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (1571 aa) |
| | BEM2 | GTPase-activating protein BEM2/IPL2; Rho GTPase activating protein (RhoGAP); involved in the control of cytoskeleton organization and cellular morphogenesis; required for bud emergence; potential GAP for Rho4p. (2167 aa) |
| | PEA2 | Protein PEA2; Coiled-coil 12S polarisome subunit; required for polarity establishment, apical bud growth, shmoo formation, filamentous differentiation; involved in Bni1p localization at sites of polarized growth, controlling polarized assembly of actin cables; role in apical growth affects diploid-specific bipolar bud site selection; retains Slt2p at bud tip to regulate ER inheritance; role in Ca2+ influx, cell fusion; S288C allele encoding Leu409 rather than Met linked with non-invasion. (420 aa) |
| | SHO1 | High osmolarity signaling protein SHO1; Transmembrane osmosensor for filamentous growth and HOG pathways; involved in activation of the Cdc42p- and MAP kinase-dependent filamentous growth pathway and the high-osmolarity glycerol (HOG) response pathway; phosphorylated by Hog1p; interacts with Pbs2p, Msb2p, Hkr1p, and Ste11p. (367 aa) |
| | TDA2 | Topoisomerase I damage affected protein 2; Protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm in a punctate pattern; null mutant is sensitive to expression of the top1-T722A allele. (126 aa) |
| | ZRG8 | Zinc-regulated protein 8; Protein of unknown function; authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies; GFP-fusion protein is localized to the cytoplasm; transcription induced under conditions of zinc deficiency. (1076 aa) |
| | SEC3 | Subunit of the exocyst complex; the exocyst mediates polarized targeting and tethering of post-Golgi secretory vesicles to sites of exocytosis prior to SNARE-mediated fusion; PtdIns[4,5]P2-binding protein that localizes to exocytic sites in a Rho1p-dependent, actin-independent manner, targeting and anchoring the exocyst to the plasma membrane with Exo70p; direct GTP Rho1p effector; required for ER inheritance; relocalizes away from bud neck upon DNA replication stress; Belongs to the SEC3 family. (1336 aa) |
| | RVS167 | Reduced viability upon starvation protein 167; Calmodulin-binding actin-associated protein; roles in endocytic membrane tabulation and constriction, and exocytosis; N-BAR domain protein that interacts with Rvs161p to regulate actin cytoskeleton, endocytosis, and viability following starvation or osmotic stress; recruited to bud tips by Gyl1p and Gyp5p during polarized growth; homolog of mammalian amphiphysin. (482 aa) |
| | PAL1 | Protein of unknown function thought to be involved in endocytosis; physically interacts with Ede1p and is found at endocytic sites at cell periphery during early stages of endocytosis; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to bud neck; potential Cdc28p substrate; similar to S. pombe Pal1 protein; relocalizes from bud neck to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress; PAL1 has a paralog, YHR097C, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (499 aa) |
| | GIC2 | GTPase-interacting component 2; Redundant rho-like GTPase Cdc42p effector; involved in initiation of budding and cellular polarization; interacts with Cdc42p via the Cdc42/Rac-interactive binding (CRIB) domain and with PI(4,5)P2 via a polybasic region; GIC2 has a paralog, GIC1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (383 aa) |
| | SEC5 | Essential 107kDa subunit of the exocyst complex; the exocyst mediates polarized targeting and tethering of post-Golgi secretory vesicles to active sites of exocytosis at the plasma membrane prior to SNARE-mediated fusion; involved in assembly of the exocyst complex; required with Sec3p for ER inheritance where it promotes anchoring of the cortical ER at the bud tip; Belongs to the SEC5 family. (971 aa) |
| | SAC6 | Fimbrin, actin-bundling protein; cooperates with Scp1p in organization and maintenance of the actin cytoskeleton; phosphorylated by Cdc28p/Clb2p in metaphase on T103, to regulate conformation, and modulate actin filament binding affinity and actin cable dynamics; relocalizes from the plasma membrane to the cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress; human homologs PLS3 and LCP1 implicated in spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) can each complement yeast null mutant. (642 aa) |
| | STE5 | Protein STE5; Pheromone-responsive MAPK scaffold protein; couples activation of the G-protein-coupled pheromone receptor to MAPK activation; intramolecular interaction of PH and VWA domains blocks activation of assembled signaling cascade components (Ste11p, Ste7p and Fus3p) under basal conditions; Gbeta-gamma (Ste4p-Ste18p)-dependent docking at the plasma membrane and binding of PI(4,5)P2 by the PH domain relieves autoinhibition, resulting in pheromone-dependent pathway activation. (917 aa) |
| | DNF2 | Phospholipid-transporting ATPase DNF2; Aminophospholipid translocase (flippase); type 4 P-type ATPase; involved in phospholipid translocation, contributing to endocytosis, protein transport, and cellular polarization; localizes primarily to the plasma membrane; localizes to the shmoo tip where it has a redundant role in the cellular response to mating pheromone; DNF2 has a paralog, DNF1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (1612 aa) |
