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TYW1 | S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent tRNA 4-demethylwyosine synthase; Iron-sulfer protein required for synthesis of Wybutosine modified tRNA; Wybutosine is a modified guanosine found at the 3'-position adjacent to the anticodon of phenylalanine tRNA which supports reading frame maintenance by stabilizing codon-anticodon interactions; induction by Yap5p in response to iron provides protection from high iron toxicity; overexpression results in increased cellular iron; Belongs to the TYW1 family. (810 aa) | ||||
BNA6 | Nicotinate-nucleotide pyrophosphorylase [carboxylating]; Quinolinate phosphoribosyl transferase; required for the de novo biosynthesis of NAD from tryptophan via kynurenine; expression regulated by Hst1p; Belongs to the NadC/ModD family. (295 aa) | ||||
TRP5 | Tryptophan synthase; catalyzes the last step of tryptophan biosynthesis; regulated by the general control system of amino acid biosynthesis; In the N-terminal section; belongs to the TrpA family. (707 aa) | ||||
HEM2 | Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase; Aminolevulinate dehydratase; a homo-octameric enzyme, catalyzes the conversion of 5-aminolevulinate to porphobilinogen, the second step in heme biosynthesis; enzymatic activity is zinc-dependent; localizes to the cytoplasm and nucleus; human homolog ALAD can complement yeast hem2 mutant. (342 aa) | ||||
PYC1 | Pyruvate carboxylase isoform; cytoplasmic enzyme that converts pyruvate to oxaloacetate; differentially regulated than isoform Pyc2p; mutations in the human homolog are associated with lactic acidosis; PYC1 has a paralog, PYC2, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (1178 aa) | ||||
NQM1 | Transaldolase of unknown function; transcription is repressed by Mot1p and induced by alpha-factor and during diauxic shift; NQM1 has a paralog, TAL1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (333 aa) | ||||
BIO2 | Biotin synthase, mitochondrial; Biotin synthase; catalyzes the conversion of dethiobiotin to biotin, which is the last step of the biotin biosynthesis pathway; complements E. coli bioB mutant; Belongs to the radical SAM superfamily. Biotin synthase family. (375 aa) | ||||
OYE2 | NADPH dehydrogenase 2; Conserved NADPH oxidoreductase containing flavin mononucleotide (FMN); responsible for geraniol reduction into citronellol during fermentation; homologous to Oye3p with different ligand binding and catalytic properties; may be involved in sterol metabolism, oxidative stress response, and programmed cell death; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; Belongs to the NADH:flavin oxidoreductase/NADH oxidase family. (400 aa) | ||||
IMD2 | Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2; Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase; catalyzes the rate-limiting step in GTP biosynthesis, expression is induced by mycophenolic acid resulting in resistance to the drug, expression is repressed by nutrient limitation; IMD2 has a paralog, YAR073W/YAR075W, that arose from a segmental duplication. (523 aa) | ||||
HIS6 | 1-(5-phosphoribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino] imidazole-4-carboxamide isomerase; Enzyme that catalyzes the fourth step in the histidine pathway; Phosphoribosylformimino-5-aminoimidazole carboxamide ribotide isomerase; mutations cause histidine auxotrophy and sensitivity to Cu, Co, and Ni salts. (261 aa) | ||||
RPE1 | D-ribulose-5-phosphate 3-epimerase; catalyzes a reaction in the non-oxidative part of the pentose-phosphate pathway; mutants are sensitive to oxidative stress. (238 aa) | ||||
YJR149W | Putative nitronate monooxygenase; Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm. (404 aa) | ||||
FBA1 | Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase; required for glycolysis and gluconeogenesis; catalyzes conversion of fructose 1,6 bisphosphate to glyceraldehyde-3-P and dihydroxyacetone-P; locates to mitochondrial outer surface upon oxidative stress; N-terminally propionylated in vivo; Belongs to the class II fructose-bisphosphate aldolase family. (359 aa) | ||||
FAS1 | 3-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] dehydratase; Beta subunit of fatty acid synthetase; complex catalyzes the synthesis of long-chain saturated fatty acids; contains acetyltransacylase, dehydratase, enoyl reductase, malonyl transacylase, and palmitoyl transacylase activities. (2051 aa) | ||||
TRP3 | Multifunctional tryptophan biosynthesis protein; Indole-3-glycerol-phosphate synthase; forms bifunctional hetero-oligomeric anthranilate synthase:indole-3-glycerol phosphate synthase enzyme complex with Trp2p. (484 aa) | ||||
URA1 | Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase; catalyzes the fourth enzymatic step in the de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidines, converting dihydroorotic acid into orotic acid. (314 aa) | ||||
TAL1 | Transaldolase, enzyme in the non-oxidative pentose phosphate pathway; converts sedoheptulose 7-phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to erythrose 4-phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate; TAL1 has a paralog, NQM1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (335 aa) | ||||
DUS3 | tRNA-dihydrouridine(47) synthase [NAD(P)(+)]; Dihydrouridine synthase; member of a widespread family of conserved proteins including Smm1p, Dus1p, and Dus4p; contains a consensus oleate response element (ORE) in its promoter region; forms nuclear foci upon DNA replication stress. (668 aa) | ||||
DUS4 | tRNA-dihydrouridine(20a/20b) synthase [NAD(P)+]; Dihydrouridine synthase; member of a widespread family of conserved proteins including Smm1p, Dus1p, and Dus3p; Belongs to the Dus family. Dus4 subfamily. (367 aa) | ||||
IMD3 | Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 3; Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase; catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the de novo synthesis of GTP; member of a four-gene family in S. cerevisiae, constitutively expressed; IMD3 has a paralog, IMD4, that arose from the whole genome duplication; Belongs to the IMPDH/GMPR family. (523 aa) | ||||
CYB2 | Cytochrome b2, mitochondrial; Cytochrome b2 (L-lactate cytochrome-c oxidoreductase); component of the mitochondrial intermembrane space, required for lactate utilization; expression is repressed by glucose and anaerobic conditions. (591 aa) | ||||
IMD4 | Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 4; Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase; catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the de novo synthesis of GTP; member of a four-gene family in S. cerevisiae, constitutively expressed; IMD4 has a paralog, IMD3, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (524 aa) | ||||
DUS1 | tRNA-dihydrouridine(16/17) synthase [NAD(P)(+)]; Dihydrouridine synthase; member of a widespread family of conserved proteins including Smm1p, Dus3p, and Dus4p; modifies pre-tRNA(Phe) at U17; Belongs to the Dus family. Dus1 subfamily. (423 aa) | ||||
SNZ1 | Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate synthase subunit SNZ1; Protein involved in vitamin B6 biosynthesis; member of a stationary phase-induced gene family; coregulated with SNO1; interacts with Sno1p and with Yhr198p, perhaps as a multiprotein complex containing other Snz and Sno proteins; Belongs to the PdxS/SNZ family. (297 aa) | ||||
LEU4 | Alpha-isopropylmalate synthase (2-isopropylmalate synthase); the main isozyme responsible for the first step in the leucine biosynthesis pathway; LEU4 has a paralog, LEU9, that arose from the whole genome duplication; Belongs to the alpha-IPM synthase/homocitrate synthase family. LeuA type 2 subfamily. (619 aa) | ||||
SNZ2 | Probable pyridoxal 5'-phosphate synthase subunit SNZ2; Member of a stationary phase-induced gene family; transcription of SNZ2 is induced prior to diauxic shift, and also in the absence of thiamin in a Thi2p-dependent manner; forms a coregulated gene pair with SNO2; interacts with Thi11p. (298 aa) | ||||
SMM1 | tRNA-dihydrouridine(20) synthase [NAD(P)+]; Dihydrouridine synthase; member of a family of dihydrouridine synthases including Dus1p, Smm1p, Dus3p, and Dus4p; modifies uridine residues at position 20 of cytoplasmic tRNAs; Belongs to the Dus family. Dus2 subfamily. (384 aa) | ||||
LEU9 | Alpha-isopropylmalate synthase II (2-isopropylmalate synthase); catalyzes the first step in the leucine biosynthesis pathway; the minor isozyme, responsible for the residual alpha-IPMS activity detected in a leu4 null mutant; LEU9 has a paralog, LEU4, that arose from the whole genome duplication; Belongs to the alpha-IPM synthase/homocitrate synthase family. LeuA type 2 subfamily. (604 aa) | ||||
LIP5 | Lipoyl synthase, mitochondrial; Protein involved in biosynthesis of the coenzyme lipoic acid; has similarity to E. coli lipoic acid synthase; Belongs to the radical SAM superfamily. Lipoyl synthase family. (414 aa) | ||||
ARO3 | Phospho-2-dehydro-3-deoxyheptonate aldolase, phenylalanine-inhibited; 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate (DAHP) synthase; catalyzes the first step in aromatic amino acid biosynthesis and is feedback-inhibited by phenylalanine or high concentration of tyrosine or tryptophan. (370 aa) | ||||
TRP1 | Phosphoribosylanthranilate isomerase; catalyzes the third step in tryptophan biosynthesis; in 2004, the sequence of TRP1 from strain S228C was updated by changing the previously annotated internal STOP (TAA) to serine (TCA); enhances vegetative growth at low and high temperatures when used as an auxotrophic marker in strains such as W303. (224 aa) | ||||
LYS20 | Homocitrate synthase isozyme and functions in DNA repair; catalyzes the condensation of acetyl-CoA and alpha-ketoglutarate to form homocitrate, which is the first step in the lysine biosynthesis pathway; LYS20 has a paralog, LYS21, that arose from the whole genome duplication; Belongs to the alpha-IPM synthase/homocitrate synthase family. Homocitrate synthase LYS20/LYS21 subfamily. (428 aa) | ||||
GLT1 | NAD(+)-dependent glutamate synthase (GOGAT); synthesizes glutamate from glutamine and alpha-ketoglutarate; with Gln1p, forms the secondary pathway for glutamate biosynthesis from ammonia; expression regulated by nitrogen source; assembles into filaments as cells approach stationary phase and under cytosolic acidification and starvation conditions. (2145 aa) | ||||
LYS21 | Homocitrate synthase, mitochondrial; Homocitrate synthase isozyme; catalyzes the condensation of acetyl-CoA and alpha-ketoglutarate to form homocitrate, which is the first step in the lysine biosynthesis pathway; LYS21 has a paralog, LYS20, that arose from the whole genome duplication; Belongs to the alpha-IPM synthase/homocitrate synthase family. Homocitrate synthase LYS20/LYS21 subfamily. (440 aa) | ||||
ARO4 | Phospho-2-dehydro-3-deoxyheptonate aldolase, tyrosine-inhibited; 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate (DAHP) synthase; catalyzes the first step in aromatic amino acid biosynthesis and is feedback-inhibited by tyrosine or high concentrations of phenylalanine or tryptophan; relative distribution to the nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress. (370 aa) | ||||
HIS7 | Imidazole glycerol phosphate synthase; glutamine amidotransferase:cyclase that catalyzes the fifth step of histidine biosynthesis and also produces 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribotide (AICAR), a purine precursor. (552 aa) | ||||
PYC2 | Pyruvate carboxylase isoform; cytoplasmic enzyme that converts pyruvate to oxaloacetate; differentially regulated than isoform Pyc1p; mutations in the human homolog are associated with lactic acidosis; PYC2 has a paralog, PYC1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (1180 aa) | ||||
YAR075W | Putative inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase-like protein YAR075W; Non-functional protein with homology IMP dehydrogenase; YAR073W/IMD1 and YAR075W comprise a continuous reading frame in most strains of S. cerevisiae; YAR073W/YAR075W together have a paralog, IMD2, that arose from a segmental duplication; Belongs to the IMPDH/GMPR family. (157 aa) | ||||
IMD1 | Putative inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 1; Nonfunctional protein with homology to IMP dehydrogenase; blocked reading frame, located close to the telomere; not expressed at detectable levels; YAR073W and YAR075W comprise a continuous reading frame in most strains of S. cerevisiae; YAR073W/YAR075W together have a paralog, IMD2, that arose from a segmental duplication. (403 aa) | ||||
THI6 | Thiamine biosynthetic bifunctional enzyme; Thiamine-phosphate diphosphorylase and hydroxyethylthiazole kinase; required for thiamine biosynthesis; GFP-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm in a punctate pattern. (540 aa) | ||||
TPI1 | Triose phosphate isomerase, abundant glycolytic enzyme; mRNA half-life is regulated by iron availability; transcription is controlled by activators Reb1p, Gcr1p, and Rap1p through binding sites in the 5' non-coding region; inhibition of Tpi1p activity by PEP (phosphoenolpyruvate) stimulates redox metabolism in respiring cells; E104D mutation in human homolog TPI1 causes a rare autosomal disease; human TPI1 can complement yeast null mutant. (248 aa) | ||||
ARO1 | 3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase; Pentafunctional arom protein; catalyzes steps 2 through 6 in the biosynthesis of chorismate, which is a precursor to aromatic amino acids; In the N-terminal section; belongs to the sugar phosphate cyclases superfamily. Dehydroquinate synthase family. In the 3rd section; belongs to the shikimate kinase family. In the C-terminal section; belongs to the shikimate dehydrogenase family. (1588 aa) | ||||
URA3 | Orotidine-5'-phosphate (OMP) decarboxylase; catalyzes the sixth enzymatic step in the de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidines, converting OMP into uridine monophosphate (UMP); converts 5-FOA into 5-fluorouracil, a toxic compound. (267 aa) | ||||
SNZ3 | Probable pyridoxal 5'-phosphate synthase subunit SNZ3; Member of a stationary phase-induced gene family; expressed in the presence of galactose; transcription of SNZ3 is induced prior to diauxic shift, and also in the absence of thiamin in a Thi2p-dependent manner; forms a coregulated gene pair with SNO3. (298 aa) | ||||
OYE3 | NADPH dehydrogenase 3; Conserved NADPH oxidoreductase containing flavin mononucleotide (FMN); homologous to Oye2p with different ligand binding and catalytic properties; has potential roles in oxidative stress response and programmed cell death. (400 aa) |