Zinc knuckle protein; involved in nuclear RNA processing and degradation as a component of the TRAMP complex; stimulates the poly(A) polymerase activity of Pap2p in vitro; AIR1 has a paralog, AIR2, that arose from the whole genome duplication; although Air1p and Air2p are homologous TRAMP subunits, they have nonredundant roles in regulation of substrate specificity of the exosome.

Protein AIR2; RNA-binding subunit of the TRAMP nuclear RNA surveillance complex; involved in nuclear RNA processing and degradation; involved in TRAMP complex assembly as a bridge between Mtr4p and Trf4p; stimulates the poly(A) polymerase activity of Pap2p in vitro; has 5 zinc knuckle motifs; AIR2 has a paralog, AIR1, that arose from the whole genome duplication; Air2p and Air1p have nonredundant roles in regulation of substrate specificity of the exosome.

Zinc knuckle protein; involved in nuclear RNA processing and degradation as a component of the TRAMP complex; stimulates the poly(A) polymerase activity of Pap2p in vitro; AIR1 has a paralog, AIR2, that arose from the whole genome duplication; although Air1p and Air2p are homologous TRAMP subunits, they have nonredundant roles in regulation of substrate specificity of the exosome.

Exosome non-catalytic core component; involved in 3'-5' RNA processing and degradation in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm; predicted to contain an S1 RNA binding domain; human homolog EXOSC1 partially complements yeast csl4 null mutant, and can complement inviability of strain in which expression of CSL4 is repressed.

Zinc knuckle protein; involved in nuclear RNA processing and degradation as a component of the TRAMP complex; stimulates the poly(A) polymerase activity of Pap2p in vitro; AIR1 has a paralog, AIR2, that arose from the whole genome duplication; although Air1p and Air2p are homologous TRAMP subunits, they have nonredundant roles in regulation of substrate specificity of the exosome.

Exosome core complex catalytic subunit; has both endonuclease and 3'-5' exonuclease activity; involved in 3'-5' RNA processing and degradation in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm; role in degradation of tRNAs; similar to E. coli RNase R and to human DIS3, which partially complements dis3-81 heat sensitivity; mutations in Dis3p analogous to human mutations implicated in multiple myeloma impair exosome function; protein abundance increases under to DNA replication stress.

Zinc knuckle protein; involved in nuclear RNA processing and degradation as a component of the TRAMP complex; stimulates the poly(A) polymerase activity of Pap2p in vitro; AIR1 has a paralog, AIR2, that arose from the whole genome duplication; although Air1p and Air2p are homologous TRAMP subunits, they have nonredundant roles in regulation of substrate specificity of the exosome.

Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-2; Type 1 S/T protein phosphatase (PP1) catalytic subunit; involved in glycogen metabolism, sporulation and mitotic progression; interacts with multiple regulatory subunits; regulates actomyosin ring formation; subunit of CPF; recruited to mating projections by Afr1p interaction; regulates nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of Hxk2p; import into the nucleus is inhibited during spindle assembly checkpoint arrest; involved in dephosphorylating Rps6a/b and Bnr1p.

Zinc knuckle protein; involved in nuclear RNA processing and degradation as a component of the TRAMP complex; stimulates the poly(A) polymerase activity of Pap2p in vitro; AIR1 has a paralog, AIR2, that arose from the whole genome duplication; although Air1p and Air2p are homologous TRAMP subunits, they have nonredundant roles in regulation of substrate specificity of the exosome.

Exosome non-catalytic core component; involved in 3'-5' RNA processing and degradation in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm; has similarity to E. coli RNase PH and to human hMtr3p (EXOSC6).

Zinc knuckle protein; involved in nuclear RNA processing and degradation as a component of the TRAMP complex; stimulates the poly(A) polymerase activity of Pap2p in vitro; AIR1 has a paralog, AIR2, that arose from the whole genome duplication; although Air1p and Air2p are homologous TRAMP subunits, they have nonredundant roles in regulation of substrate specificity of the exosome.

ATP-dependent 3'-5' RNA helicase of the DExD/H family; involved in nuclear RNA processing and degradation both as a component of TRAMP complex and in TRAMP-independent processes; TRAMP unwinds RNA duplexes, with Mtr4p unwinding activity stimulated by Pap2p/Air2p but not dependent on ongoing polyadenylation; contains an arch domain, with two coiled-coil arms/stalks and a globular fist/KOW domain, which has RNA binding activity and is required for 5.8S rRNA processing; Belongs to the helicase family. SKI2 subfamily.

Zinc knuckle protein; involved in nuclear RNA processing and degradation as a component of the TRAMP complex; stimulates the poly(A) polymerase activity of Pap2p in vitro; AIR1 has a paralog, AIR2, that arose from the whole genome duplication; although Air1p and Air2p are homologous TRAMP subunits, they have nonredundant roles in regulation of substrate specificity of the exosome.

RNA-binding protein, subunit of Nrd1 complex (Nrd1p-Nab3p-Sen1p); complex interacts with exosome to mediate 3'-end formation of some mRNAs, snRNAs, snoRNAs, and CUTs; required for termination of non-poly(A) transcripts and efficient splicing; Nrd1-Nab3 pathway appears to have a role in rapid suppression of some genes when cells are shifted to poor growth conditions, indicating role for Nrd1-Nab3 in regulating cellular response to nutrient availability.

Zinc knuckle protein; involved in nuclear RNA processing and degradation as a component of the TRAMP complex; stimulates the poly(A) polymerase activity of Pap2p in vitro; AIR1 has a paralog, AIR2, that arose from the whole genome duplication; although Air1p and Air2p are homologous TRAMP subunits, they have nonredundant roles in regulation of substrate specificity of the exosome.

Polyadenylate-binding protein, cytoplasmic and nuclear; Poly(A) binding protein; part of the 3'-end RNA-processing complex, mediates interactions between the 5' cap structure and the 3' mRNA poly(A) tail, involved in control of poly(A) tail length, interacts with translation factor eIF-4G; stimulates, but is not required for the deadenylation activity of the Pan2p-Pan3p poly(A)-ribonuclease complex; Belongs to the polyadenylate-binding protein type-1 family.

Zinc knuckle protein; involved in nuclear RNA processing and degradation as a component of the TRAMP complex; stimulates the poly(A) polymerase activity of Pap2p in vitro; AIR1 has a paralog, AIR2, that arose from the whole genome duplication; although Air1p and Air2p are homologous TRAMP subunits, they have nonredundant roles in regulation of substrate specificity of the exosome.

Poly(A) polymerase; one of three factors required for mRNA 3'-end polyadenylation, forms multiprotein complex with polyadenylation factor I (PF I), also required for mRNA nuclear export; may also polyadenylate rRNAs; required for gene looping.

Zinc knuckle protein; involved in nuclear RNA processing and degradation as a component of the TRAMP complex; stimulates the poly(A) polymerase activity of Pap2p in vitro; AIR1 has a paralog, AIR2, that arose from the whole genome duplication; although Air1p and Air2p are homologous TRAMP subunits, they have nonredundant roles in regulation of substrate specificity of the exosome.

Non-canonical poly(A) polymerase; involved in nuclear RNA degradation as a component of TRAMP; catalyzes polyadenylation of hypomodified tRNAs, and snoRNA and rRNA precursors; required for mRNA surveillance and maintenance of genome integrity, serving as a link between RNA and DNA metabolism; overlapping but non-redundant functions with Trf5p; relocalizes to cytosol in response to hypoxia.

Zinc knuckle protein; involved in nuclear RNA processing and degradation as a component of the TRAMP complex; stimulates the poly(A) polymerase activity of Pap2p in vitro; AIR1 has a paralog, AIR2, that arose from the whole genome duplication; although Air1p and Air2p are homologous TRAMP subunits, they have nonredundant roles in regulation of substrate specificity of the exosome.

Nuclear and cytoplasmic polyadenylated RNA-binding protein PUB1; Poly (A)+ RNA-binding protein; abundant mRNP-component protein that binds mRNA and is required for stability of many mRNAs; component of glucose deprivation induced stress granules, involved in P-body-dependent granule assembly; implicated in regulation of translation; carries Q/N-rich domain at C- terminus, identified as candidate prion; human homolog Tia1 is critical for normal synaptic plasticity; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress.

Zinc knuckle protein; involved in nuclear RNA processing and degradation as a component of the TRAMP complex; stimulates the poly(A) polymerase activity of Pap2p in vitro; AIR1 has a paralog, AIR2, that arose from the whole genome duplication; although Air1p and Air2p are homologous TRAMP subunits, they have nonredundant roles in regulation of substrate specificity of the exosome.

5'-3' exoribonuclease 2; Nuclear 5' to 3' single-stranded RNA exonuclease; involved in RNA metabolism, including rRNA and snoRNA processing, as well as poly (A+) dependent and independent mRNA transcription termination; required for cotranscriptional pre-rRNA cleavage; displaces Cdk1p from elongating transcripts, especially as RNAPII reaches the poly(A) site, negatively regulates phosphorylation of the CTD of RNAPII, and inhibits RNAPII transcriptional elongation; Belongs to the 5'-3' exonuclease family. XRN2/RAT1 subfamily.

Zinc knuckle protein; involved in nuclear RNA processing and degradation as a component of the TRAMP complex; stimulates the poly(A) polymerase activity of Pap2p in vitro; AIR1 has a paralog, AIR2, that arose from the whole genome duplication; although Air1p and Air2p are homologous TRAMP subunits, they have nonredundant roles in regulation of substrate specificity of the exosome.

Exosome non-catalytic core component; involved in 3'-5' RNA processing and degradation in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm; predicted to contain both S1 and KH RNA binding domains; mutations in the human homolog, EXOSC3, cause pontocerebellar hypoplasia with motor neuron degeneration.

Zinc knuckle protein; involved in nuclear RNA processing and degradation as a component of the TRAMP complex; stimulates the poly(A) polymerase activity of Pap2p in vitro; AIR1 has a paralog, AIR2, that arose from the whole genome duplication; although Air1p and Air2p are homologous TRAMP subunits, they have nonredundant roles in regulation of substrate specificity of the exosome.

Exosome non-catalytic core component; involved in 3'-5' RNA processing and degradation in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm; has similarity to E. coli RNase PH and to human hRrp42p (EXOSC7).

Zinc knuckle protein; involved in nuclear RNA processing and degradation as a component of the TRAMP complex; stimulates the poly(A) polymerase activity of Pap2p in vitro; AIR1 has a paralog, AIR2, that arose from the whole genome duplication; although Air1p and Air2p are homologous TRAMP subunits, they have nonredundant roles in regulation of substrate specificity of the exosome.

Exosome non-catalytic core component; involved in 3'-5' RNA processing and degradation in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm; has similarity to E. coli RNase PH and to human hRrp43p (OIP2, EXOSC8); protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress.

Zinc knuckle protein; involved in nuclear RNA processing and degradation as a component of the TRAMP complex; stimulates the poly(A) polymerase activity of Pap2p in vitro; AIR1 has a paralog, AIR2, that arose from the whole genome duplication; although Air1p and Air2p are homologous TRAMP subunits, they have nonredundant roles in regulation of substrate specificity of the exosome.

Exosome non-catalytic core component; involved in 3'-5' RNA processing and degradation in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm; has similarity to E. coli RNase PH and to human hRrp45p (PM/SCL-75, EXOSC9); protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress.

Zinc knuckle protein; involved in nuclear RNA processing and degradation as a component of the TRAMP complex; stimulates the poly(A) polymerase activity of Pap2p in vitro; AIR1 has a paralog, AIR2, that arose from the whole genome duplication; although Air1p and Air2p are homologous TRAMP subunits, they have nonredundant roles in regulation of substrate specificity of the exosome.

Exosome non-catalytic core component; involved in 3'-5' RNA processing and degradation in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm; has similarity to E. coli RNase PH and to human hRrp46p (EXOSC5).

Zinc knuckle protein; involved in nuclear RNA processing and degradation as a component of the TRAMP complex; stimulates the poly(A) polymerase activity of Pap2p in vitro; AIR1 has a paralog, AIR2, that arose from the whole genome duplication; although Air1p and Air2p are homologous TRAMP subunits, they have nonredundant roles in regulation of substrate specificity of the exosome.

Nuclear exosome exonuclease component; has 3'-5' exonuclease activity that is regulated by Lrp1p; involved in RNA processing, maturation, surveillance, degradation, tethering, and export; role in sn/snoRNAs precursor degradation; forms a stable heterodimer with Lrp1p; has similarity to E. coli RNase D and to human PM-Sc1 100 (EXOSC10); mutant displays reduced transcription elongation in the G-less-based.

Zinc knuckle protein; involved in nuclear RNA processing and degradation as a component of the TRAMP complex; stimulates the poly(A) polymerase activity of Pap2p in vitro; AIR1 has a paralog, AIR2, that arose from the whole genome duplication; although Air1p and Air2p are homologous TRAMP subunits, they have nonredundant roles in regulation of substrate specificity of the exosome.

Helicase SEN1; ATP-dependent 5' to 3' RNA/DNA and DNA helicase; subunit of the exosome-associated Nrd1p complex that mediates 3' end formation of snRNAs, snoRNAs, CUTs and some mRNAs; helicase-independent role in transcription-coupled repair; coordinates replication with transcription, associating with moving forks and preventing errors that occur when forks encounter transcribed regions; homolog of Senataxin, implicated in Ataxia-Oculomotor Apraxia 2 and a dominant form of juvenile ALS.

Zinc knuckle protein; involved in nuclear RNA processing and degradation as a component of the TRAMP complex; stimulates the poly(A) polymerase activity of Pap2p in vitro; AIR1 has a paralog, AIR2, that arose from the whole genome duplication; although Air1p and Air2p are homologous TRAMP subunits, they have nonredundant roles in regulation of substrate specificity of the exosome.

Antiviral helicase SKI2; Ski complex component and putative RNA helicase; mediates 3'-5' RNA degradation by the cytoplasmic exosome; null mutants have superkiller phenotype of increased viral dsRNAs and are synthetic lethal with mutations in 5'-3' mRNA decay; mutations in the human ortholog, SKIV2L, causes Syndromic diarrhea/Trichohepatoenteric (SD/THE) syndrome; Belongs to the helicase family. SKI2 subfamily.