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PHO85 PHO85 VMA11 VMA11 VMA13 VMA13 CTR1 CTR1 VPS4 VPS4 DID2 DID2 TRK2 TRK2 SNF7 SNF7 SMF3 SMF3 SRN2 SRN2 ZRT2 ZRT2 VPS9 VPS9 PHO84 PHO84 FET3 FET3 PKR1 PKR1 EAR1 EAR1 SKY1 SKY1 FET4 FET4 VPS27 VPS27 PHO91 PHO91 FRE4 FRE4 GSH2 GSH2 SMF1 SMF1 ALR1 ALR1 PEP12 PEP12 MDM32 MDM32 FRE3 FRE3 SNF8 SNF8 PEP1 PEP1 CMD1 CMD1 SEC66 SEC66 BSD2 BSD2 VMA9 VMA9 VCX1 VCX1 VMA1 VMA1 SWA2 SWA2 MRPL35 MRPL35 NHX1 NHX1 SNF1 SNF1 VPS60 VPS60 VPS3 VPS3 LPP1 LPP1 RML2 RML2 VTC1 VTC1 GLC7 GLC7 FTR1 FTR1 ALR2 ALR2 PMC1 PMC1 VPS45 VPS45 MON1 MON1 PMR1 PMR1 HUR1 HUR1 BOL2 BOL2 ZIP2 ZIP2 ZRT1 ZRT1 VMA7 VMA7 VMA21 VMA21 MVB12 MVB12 VMA16 VMA16 SMF2 SMF2 CUP1-1 CUP1-1 CUP1-2 CUP1-2 VMA22 VMA22 FMC1 FMC1 VTC4 VTC4 ZAP1 ZAP1 MRPL8 MRPL8 TRK1 TRK1 VPS25 VPS25 MGM101 MGM101 DID4 DID4 VPS24 VPS24 VPH2 VPH2 ZRT3 ZRT3 CNB1 CNB1
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PHO85Cyclin-dependent kinase; has ten cyclin partners; involved in regulating the cellular response to nutrient levels and environmental conditions and progression through the cell cycle; human lissencephaly-associated homolog CDK5 functionally complements null mutation; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CDC2/CDKX subfamily. (305 aa)
VMA11Vacuolar ATPase V0 domain subunit c'; involved in proton transport activity; hydrophobic integral membrane protein (proteolipid) containing four transmembrane segments; N and C termini are in the vacuolar lumen. (164 aa)
VMA13Subunit H of the V1 peripheral membrane domain of V-ATPase; part of the electrogenic proton pump found throughout the endomembrane system; serves as an activator or a structural stabilizer of the V-ATPase; the V1 peripheral membrane domain of the vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) has eight subunits. (478 aa)
CTR1High-affinity copper transporter of plasma membrane; mediates nearly all copper uptake under low copper conditions; transcriptionally induced at low copper levels and degraded at high copper levels; protein increases in abundance and relocalizes from nucleus to plasma membrane upon DNA replication stress; human homolog SLC31A1 can complement a yeast ctr1 ctr3 double deletion. (406 aa)
VPS4AAA-ATPase involved in multivesicular body (MVB) protein sorting; ATP-bound Vps4p localizes to endosomes and catalyzes ESCRT-III disassembly and membrane release; ATPase activity is activated by Vta1p; regulates cellular sterol metabolism. (437 aa)
DID2Class E protein of the vacuolar protein-sorting (Vps) pathway; binds Vps4p and directs it to dissociate ESCRT-III complexes; forms a functional and physical complex with Ist1p; human ortholog may be altered in breast tumors. (204 aa)
TRK2Component of the Trk1p-Trk2p potassium transport system; contributes to K(+) supply and maintenance of plasma-membrane potential; TRK2 has a paralog, TRK1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (889 aa)
SNF7Vacuolar-sorting protein SNF7; One of four subunits of the ESCRT-III complex; involved in the sorting of transmembrane proteins into the multivesicular body (MVB) pathway; recruited from the cytoplasm to endosomal membranes; ESCRT-III stands for endosomal sorting complex required for transport III. (240 aa)
SMF3Iron transporter SMF3; Putative divalent metal ion transporter involved in iron homeostasis; transcriptionally regulated by metal ions; member of the Nramp family of metal transport proteins; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress. (473 aa)
SRN2Protein SRN2; Component of the ESCRT-I complex; ESCRT-I is involved in ubiquitin-dependent sorting of proteins into the endosome; suppressor of rna1-1 mutation; may be involved in RNA export from nucleus; Belongs to the VPS37 family. (213 aa)
ZRT2Zinc-regulated transporter 2; Low-affinity zinc transporter of the plasma membrane; transcription is induced under low-zinc conditions by the Zap1p transcription factor. (422 aa)
VPS9Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 9; Guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) and ubiquitin receptor; involved in vesicle-mediated vacuolar transport, including Golgi-endosome trafficking and sorting through the multivesicular body (MVB); stimulates the intrinsic guanine nucleotide exchange activity of Rab family members (Vps21p/Ypt52p/Ypt53p); partially redundant with GEF MUK1; required for localization of the CORVET complex to endosomes; similar to mammalian ras inhibitors; contains a Ub-interacting CUE domain. (451 aa)
PHO84High-affinity inorganic phosphate (Pi) transporter; also low-affinity manganese transporter; regulated by Pho4p and Spt7p; mutation confers resistance to arsenate; exit from the ER during maturation requires Pho86p; cells overexpressing Pho84p accumulate heavy metals but do not develop symptoms of metal toxicity. (587 aa)
FET3Iron transport multicopper oxidase FET3; Ferro-O2-oxidoreductase; multicopper oxidase that oxidizes ferrous (Fe2+) to ferric iron (Fe3+) for subsequent cellular uptake by transmembrane permease Ftr1p; required for high-affinity iron uptake and involved in mediating resistance to copper ion toxicity, belongs to class of integral membrane multicopper oxidases; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress. (636 aa)
PKR1V-ATPase assembly factor; functions with other V-ATPase assembly factors in the ER to efficiently assemble the V-ATPase membrane sector (V0); protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress. (122 aa)
EAR1Protein EAR1; Specificity factor required for Rsp5p-dependent ubiquitination; also required for sorting of specific cargo proteins at the multivesicular body; mRNA is targeted to the bud via the mRNA transport system involving She2p. (550 aa)
SKY1Serine/threonine-protein kinase SKY1; SR protein kinase (SRPK); involved in regulating proteins involved in mRNA metabolism and cation homeostasis; similar to human SRPK1. (742 aa)
FET4Low-affinity Fe(II) transporter of the plasma membrane; Belongs to the FET4 family. (552 aa)
VPS27Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 27; Endosomal protein that forms a complex with Hse1p; required for recycling Golgi proteins, forming lumenal membranes and sorting ubiquitinated proteins destined for degradation; has Ubiquitin Interaction Motifs which bind ubiquitin (Ubi4p). (622 aa)
PHO91Low-affinity vacuolar phosphate transporter; exports phosphate from the vacuolar lumen to the cytosol; regulates phosphate and polyphosphate metabolism; acts upstream of Pho81p in regulation of the PHO pathway; localizes to sites of contact between the vacuole and mitochondria (vCLAMPs); deletion of pho84, pho87, pho89, pho90, and pho91 causes synthetic lethality; transcription independent of Pi and Pho4p activity; overexpression results in vigorous growth. (894 aa)
FRE4Ferric reductase transmembrane component 4; Ferric reductase; reduces a specific subset of siderophore-bound iron prior to uptake by transporters; expression induced by low iron levels. (719 aa)
GSH2Glutathione synthetase; catalyzes the ATP-dependent synthesis of glutathione (GSH) from gamma-glutamylcysteine and glycine; induced by oxidative stress and heat shock. (491 aa)
SMF1Manganese transporter SMF1; Divalent metal ion transporter; broad specificity for di-valent and tri-valent metals; post-translationally regulated by levels of metal ions; member of the Nramp family of metal transport proteins; Belongs to the NRAMP family. (575 aa)
ALR1Magnesium transporter ALR1; Plasma membrane Mg(2+) transporter; expression and turnover are regulated by Mg(2+) concentration; overexpression confers increased tolerance to Al(3+) and Ga(3+) ions; magnesium transport defect of the null mutant is functionally complemented by either of the human genes MAGT1 and TUSC3 that are not orthologous to ALR1; Belongs to the CorA metal ion transporter (MIT) (TC 1.A.35) family. (859 aa)
PEP12Syntaxin PEP12; Target membrane receptor (t-SNARE); for vesicular intermediates traveling between the Golgi apparatus and the vacuole; controls entry of biosynthetic, endocytic, and retrograde traffic into the prevacuolar compartment; syntaxin. (288 aa)
MDM32Mitochondrial distribution and morphology protein 32; Mitochondrial inner membrane protein with similarity to Mdm31p; required for normal mitochondrial morphology and inheritance; interacts genetically with MMM1, MDM10, MDM12, and MDM34; variation between SK1 and S288C at residues 182 and 262 impacts invasive growth and mitochondrial network structure; Belongs to the MDM31/MDM32 family. (622 aa)
FRE3Ferric reductase transmembrane component 3; Ferric reductase; reduces siderophore-bound iron prior to uptake by transporters; expression induced by low iron levels; Belongs to the ferric reductase (FRE) family. (711 aa)
SNF8Vacuolar-sorting protein SNF8; Component of the ESCRT-II complex; ESCRT-II is involved in ubiquitin-dependent sorting of proteins into the endosome; appears to be functionally related to SNF7; involved in glucose derepression. (233 aa)
PEP1Vacuolar protein sorting/targeting protein VPS10; Type I transmembrane sorting receptor for multiple vacuolar hydrolases; cycles between the late-Golgi and prevacuolar endosome-like compartments; Belongs to the VPS10-related sortilin family. (1579 aa)
CMD1Calmodulin; Ca2+ binding protein that regulates Ca2+ independent processes (mitosis, bud growth, actin organization, endocytosis, etc.) and Ca2+ dependent processes (stress-activated pathways), targets include Nuf1p, Myo2p and calcineurin; binds to the Hog1p MAPK in response to hyperosmotic stress; potentiates membrane tubulation and constriction mediated by the Rvs161p-Rvs167p complex; human CALM1 or CALM2 functionally complement repression induced inviability. (147 aa)
SEC66Translocation protein SEC66; Non-essential subunit of Sec63 complex; with Sec61 complex, Kar2p/BiP and Lhs1p forms a channel competent for SRP-dependent and post-translational SRP-independent protein targeting and import into the ER; other members are Sec63p, Sec62p, and Sec72p. (206 aa)
BSD2Heavy metal ion homeostasis protein; facilitates trafficking of Smf1p and Smf2p metal transporters to vacuole where they are degraded; acts as an adaptor protein with Rsp5p in the regulated endocytosis of Smf1p and is itself ubiquitylated by Rsp5p; controls metal ion transport, prevents metal hyperaccumulation, functions in copper detoxification; Belongs to the BSD2 family. (321 aa)
VMA9Vacuolar H+ ATPase subunit e of the V-ATPase V0 subcomplex; essential for vacuolar acidification; interacts with the V-ATPase assembly factor Vma21p in the ER; involved in V0 biogenesis. (73 aa)
VCX1Vacuolar calcium ion transporter; Vacuolar membrane antiporter with Ca2+/H+ and K+/H+ exchange activity; involved in control of cytosolic Ca2+ and K+ concentrations; has similarity to sodium/calcium exchangers, including the bovine Na+/Ca2+,K+ antiporter. (411 aa)
VMA1Subunit A of the V1 peripheral membrane domain of V-ATPase; protein precursor undergoes self-catalyzed splicing to yield the extein Tfp1p and the intein Vde (PI-SceI), which is a site-specific endonuclease; the V1 peripheral membrane domain of the vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) has eight subunits; involved in methionine restriction extension of chronological lifespan in an autophagy-dependent manner; Belongs to the ATPase alpha/beta chains family. (1071 aa)
SWA2Auxilin-like clathrin uncoating factor SWA2; Auxilin-like protein involved in vesicular transport; clathrin-binding protein required for uncoating of clathrin-coated vesicles. (668 aa)
MRPL35Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the large subunit; Belongs to the phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein family. Mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mL38 subfamily. (367 aa)
NHX1Endosomal/prevacuolar sodium/hydrogen exchanger; Na+/H+ and K+/H+ exchanger; required for intracellular sequestration of Na+ and K+; located in the vacuole and late endosome compartments; required for osmotolerance to acute hypertonic shock and for vacuolar fusion; ortholog of human NHE9, which is linked to autism; Belongs to the monovalent cation:proton antiporter 1 (CPA1) transporter (TC 2.A.36) family. (633 aa)
SNF1AMP-activated S/T protein kinase; forms a complex with Snf4p and members of the Sip1p/Sip2p/Gal83p family; required for transcription of glucose-repressed genes, thermotolerance, sporulation, and peroxisome biogenesis; regulates nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of Hxk2p; regulates filamentous growth and acts as a non-canonical GEF, activating Arf3p during invasive growth; SUMOylation by Mms21p inhibits its function and targets Snf1p for destruction via the Slx5-Slx8 Ub ligase. (633 aa)
VPS60Protein involved in late endosome to vacuole transport; cytoplasmic and vacuolar membrane protein; required for normal filament maturation during pseudohyphal growth; may function in targeting cargo proteins for degradation; interacts with Vta1p; Belongs to the SNF7 family. (229 aa)
VPS3Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 3; Component of CORVET membrane tethering complex; cytoplasmic protein required for the sorting and processing of soluble vacuolar proteins, acidification of the vacuolar lumen, and assembly of the vacuolar H+-ATPase. (1011 aa)
LPP1Lipid phosphate phosphatase; catalyzes Mg(2+)-independent dephosphorylation of phosphatidic acid (PA), lysophosphatidic acid, and diacylglycerol pyrophosphate; involved in control of the cellular levels of phosphatidylinositol and PA. (274 aa)
RML2Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the large subunit (L2); has similarity to E. coli L2 ribosomal protein; mutant allele (fat21) causes inability to utilize oleate, and induce oleic acid oxidation; may interfere with activity of the Adr1p transcription factor. (393 aa)
VTC1Regulatory subunit of the vacuolar transporter chaperone (VTC) complex; VTC complex is involved in membrane trafficking, vacuolar polyphosphate accumulation, microautophagy and non-autophagic vacuolar fusion; also has mRNA binding activity; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress. (129 aa)
GLC7Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-2; Type 1 S/T protein phosphatase (PP1) catalytic subunit; involved in glycogen metabolism, sporulation and mitotic progression; interacts with multiple regulatory subunits; regulates actomyosin ring formation; subunit of CPF; recruited to mating projections by Afr1p interaction; regulates nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of Hxk2p; import into the nucleus is inhibited during spindle assembly checkpoint arrest; involved in dephosphorylating Rps6a/b and Bnr1p. (312 aa)
FTR1High affinity iron permease; involved in the transport of iron across the plasma membrane; forms complex with Fet3p; expression is regulated by iron; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; Belongs to the oxidase-dependent Fe transporter (OFeT) (TC 9.A.10.1) family. (404 aa)
ALR2Magnesium transporter ALR2; Probable Mg(2+) transporter; overexpression confers increased tolerance to Al(3+) and Ga(3+) ions; plays a role in regulating Ty1 transposition. (858 aa)
PMC1Vacuolar Ca2+ ATPase involved in depleting cytosol of Ca2+ ions; prevents growth inhibition by activation of calcineurin in the presence of elevated concentrations of calcium; similar to mammalian PMCA1a. (1173 aa)
VPS45Protein of the Sec1p/Munc-18 family; essential for vacuolar protein sorting; required for the function of Pep12p and the early endosome/late Golgi SNARE Tlg2p; essential for fusion of Golgi-derived vesicles with the prevacuolar compartment. (577 aa)
MON1Vacuolar fusion protein MON1; Subunit of a heterodimeric guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF); subunit of the Mon1-Ccz1 GEF complex which stimulates nucleotide exchange and activation of Ypt7p, a Rab family GTPase involved in membrane tethering and fusion events at the late endosome and vacuole; GEF activity is stimulated by membrane association and anionic phospholipids; role in localizing Ypt7p to the vacuolar membrane; required for autophagy, the CVT pathway and mitophagy; potential Cdc28 substrate; Belongs to the MON1/SAND family. (644 aa)
PMR1Calcium-transporting ATPase 1; High affinity Ca2+/Mn2+ P-type ATPase; required for Ca2+ and Mn2+ transport into Golgi; involved in Ca2+ dependent protein sorting, processing; D53A mutant (Mn2+ transporting) is rapamycin sensitive, Q783A mutant (Ca2+ transporting) is rapamycin resistant; Mn2+ transport into Golgi lumen required for rapamycin sensitivity; mutations in human homolog ATP2C1 cause acantholytic skin condition Hailey-Hailey disease; human ATP2C1 can complement yeast null mutant; Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. (950 aa)
HUR1Putative uncharacterized protein HUR1; Protein of unknown function; reported null mutant phenotype of hydroxyurea sensitivity may be due to effects on overlapping PMR1 gene. (110 aa)
BOL2BolA-like protein 2; Cytosolic protein involved in repression of iron regulon transcription; forms an iron-independent complex with Fra1p, Grx3p, and Grx4p; null mutant fails to repress the iron regulon and is sensitive to nickel; sequence similarity to human BOLA family member, BOLA2; Belongs to the BolA/IbaG family. (120 aa)
ZIP2Meiosis-specific protein; involved in normal synaptonemal complex formation and pairing between homologous chromosomes during meiosis; relocalizes from mitochondrion to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress; Belongs to the ZIP2 family. (704 aa)
ZRT1Zinc-regulated transporter 1; High-affinity zinc transporter of the plasma membrane; responsible for the majority of zinc uptake; transcription is induced under low-zinc conditions by the Zap1p transcription factor. (376 aa)
VMA7Subunit F of the V1 peripheral membrane domain of V-ATPase; part of the electrogenic proton pump found throughout the endomembrane system; required for the V1 domain to assemble onto the vacuolar membrane; the V1 peripheral membrane domain of vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) has eight subunits. (118 aa)
VMA21Integral membrane protein required for V-ATPase function; not an actual component of the vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) complex; diverged ortholog of human XMEA (X-linked Myopathy with Excessive Autophagy); functions in the assembly of the V-ATPase; localized to the yeast endoplasmic reticulum (ER). (77 aa)
MVB12Multivesicular body sorting factor 12; ESCRT-I subunit required to stabilize ESCRT-I core complex oligomers; the ESCRT-I core complex (Stp22p, Vps28p, Srn2p) is involved in ubiquitin-dependent sorting of proteins into the endosome; deletion mutant is sensitive to rapamycin and nystatin. (101 aa)
VMA16Subunit c'' of the vacuolar ATPase; v-ATPase functions in acidification of the vacuole; one of three proteolipid subunits of the V0 domain. (213 aa)
SMF2Divalent metal ion transporter involved in manganese homeostasis; has broad specificity for di-valent and tri-valent metals; post-translationally regulated by levels of metal ions; member of the Nramp family of metal transport proteins; Belongs to the NRAMP family. (549 aa)
CUP1-1Metallothionein; binds copper and mediates resistance to high concentrations of copper and cadmium; locus is variably amplified in different strains, with two copies, CUP1-1 and CUP1-2, in the genomic sequence reference strain S288C; CUP1-1 has a paralog, CUP1-2, that arose from a segmental duplication. (61 aa)
CUP1-2Metallothionein; binds copper and mediates resistance to high concentrations of copper and cadmium; locus is variably amplified in different strains, with two copies, CUP1-1 and CUP1-2, in the genomic sequence reference strain S288C; CUP1-2 has a paralog, CUP1-1, that arose from a segmental duplication. (61 aa)
VMA22Protein that is required for vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) function; peripheral membrane protein; not an actual component of the V-ATPase complex; functions in the assembly of the V-ATPase; localized to the yeast endoplasmic reticulum (ER). (181 aa)
FMC1ATP synthase assembly factor FMC1, mitochondrial; Mitochondrial matrix protein; required for assembly or stability at high temperature of the F1 sector of mitochondrial F1F0 ATP synthase; null mutant temperature sensitive growth on glycerol is suppressed by multicopy expression of Odc1p. (155 aa)
VTC4Vacuolar transporter chaperone 4; Vacuolar membrane polyphosphate polymerase; subunit of the vacuolar transporter chaperone (VTC) complex involved in synthesis and transfer of polyP to the vacuole; regulates membrane trafficking; role in non-autophagic vacuolar fusion; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress. (721 aa)
ZAP1Zinc-responsive transcriptional regulator ZAP1; Zinc-regulated transcription factor; binds to zinc-responsive promoters to induce transcription of certain genes in presence of zinc, represses other genes in low zinc; regulates its own transcription; contains seven zinc-finger domains. (880 aa)
MRPL8Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the large subunit. (238 aa)
TRK1Component of the Trk1p-Trk2p potassium transport system; 180 kDa high affinity potassium transporter; phosphorylated in vivo and interacts physically with the phosphatase Ppz1p, suggesting Trk1p acitivy is regulated by phosphorylation; TRK1 has a paralog, TRK2, that arose from the whole genome duplication; Belongs to the TrkH potassium transport family. (1235 aa)
VPS25Vacuolar protein-sorting-associated protein 25; Component of the ESCRT-II complex; ESCRT-II is involved in ubiquitin-dependent sorting of proteins into the endosome; Belongs to the VPS25 family. (202 aa)
MGM101Mitochondrial genome maintenance protein MGM101; Protein with a role in mitochondrial DNA recombinational repair; also involved in interstrand cross-link repair; binds to and catalyzes the annealing of single-stranded mtDNA; oligomerizes to form rings and filaments; related to Rad52-type recombination proteins, with limited overall similarity but sharing conserved functionally important residues; component of the mitochondrial nucleoid, required for the repair of oxidative mtDNA damage and mitochondrial genome maintenance; Belongs to the MGM101 family. (269 aa)
DID4DOA4-independent degradation protein 4; Class E Vps protein of the ESCRT-III complex; required for sorting of integral membrane proteins into lumenal vesicles of multivesicular bodies, and for delivery of newly synthesized vacuolar enzymes to the vacuole, involved in endocytosis; Belongs to the SNF7 family. (232 aa)
VPS24Vacuolar protein-sorting-associated protein 24; One of four subunits of the ESCRT-III complex; forms an endosomal sorting complex required for transport III (ESCRT-III) subcomplex with Did4p; involved in the sorting of transmembrane proteins into the multivesicular body (MVB) pathway. (224 aa)
VPH2Integral membrane protein required for V-ATPase function; not an actual component of the vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) complex; functions in the assembly of the V-ATPase; localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER); involved in methionine restriction extension of chronological lifespan in an autophagy-dependent manner. (215 aa)
ZRT3Zinc-regulated transporter 3; Vacuolar membrane zinc transporter; transports zinc from storage in the vacuole to the cytoplasm when needed; transcription is induced under conditions of zinc deficiency; Belongs to the ZIP transporter (TC 2.A.5) family. (503 aa)
CNB1Calcineurin B; regulatory subunit of calcineurin, a Ca++/calmodulin-regulated type 2B protein phosphatase which regulates Crz1p (stress-response transcription factor); other calcineurin subunit encoded by CNA1 and/or CMP1; regulates function of Aly1p alpha-arrestin; myristoylation by Nmt1p reduces calcineurin activity in response to submaximal Ca signals, is needed to prevent constitutive phosphatase activity; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress. (175 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
NCBI taxonomy Id: 4932
Other names: ATCC 18824, Candida robusta, Mycoderma cerevisiae, NRRL Y-12632, S. cerevisiae, Saccharomyces capensis, Saccharomyces italicus, Saccharomyces oviformis, Saccharomyces uvarum var. melibiosus, yeast
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