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TEL1 TEL1 POL30 POL30 MMS4 MMS4 CYC8 CYC8 MEC1 MEC1 LEU2 LEU2 TUP1 TUP1 DUN1 DUN1 POL3 POL3 FAL1 FAL1 UBC13 UBC13 MSS116 MSS116 RAD9 RAD9 MUS81 MUS81 LCD1 LCD1 URA3 URA3 RNR1 RNR1 MRH4 MRH4 MMS2 MMS2 ITC1 ITC1 RNR4 RNR4 SHU1 SHU1 RNR3 RNR3 CSM2 CSM2 MPH1 MPH1 PRI1 PRI1 RNR2 RNR2 RPL39 RPL39 POL31 POL31 POL32 POL32 CDC8 CDC8 IXR1 IXR1 PRI2 PRI2 RAD5 RAD5 RFX1 RFX1 MEC3 MEC3 PSY3 PSY3 RAD52 RAD52 CDC21 CDC21 DED1 DED1 RAD17 RAD17 RAD53 RAD53 DDC1 DDC1 ROX1 ROX1 HDA3 HDA3
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proteins of unknown 3D structure
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TEL1Serine/threonine-protein kinase TEL1; Protein kinase primarily involved in telomere length regulation; contributes to cell cycle checkpoint control in response to DNA damage; acts with Red1p and Mec1p to promote interhomolog recombination by phosphorylation of Hop1; functionally redundant with Mec1p; regulates P-body formation induced by replication stress; homolog of human ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene. (2787 aa)
POL30Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA); functions as the sliding replication clamp for DNA polymerase delta; may function as a docking site for other proteins required for mitotic and meiotic chromosomal DNA replication and for DNA repair; PCNA ubiquitination at K164 plays a crucial role during Okazaki fragment processing. (258 aa)
MMS4Subunit of structure-specific Mms4p-Mus81p endonuclease; cleaves branched DNA; involved in recombination, DNA repair, and joint molecule formation/resolution during meiotic recombination; phosphorylation of the non-catalytic subunit Mms4p by Cdc28p and Cdc5p during mitotic cell cycle activates the function of Mms4p-Mus81p. (691 aa)
CYC8General transcriptional co-repressor; acts together with Tup1p; also acts as part of a transcriptional co-activator complex that recruits the SWI/SNF and SAGA complexes to promoters; can form the prion [OCT+]. (966 aa)
MEC1Serine/threonine-protein kinase MEC1; Genome integrity checkpoint protein and PI kinase superfamily member; Mec1p and Dun1p function in same pathway to regulate dNTP pools and telomere length; signal transducer required for cell cycle arrest and transcriptional responses to damaged or unreplicated DNA; facilitates replication fork progression and regulates P-body formation under replication stress; promotes interhomolog recombination by phosphorylating Hop1p; associates with shortened, dysfunctional telomeres. (2368 aa)
LEU2Beta-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase (IMDH); catalyzes the third step in the leucine biosynthesis pathway; can additionally catalyze the conversion of beta-ethylmalate into alpha-ketovalerate; Belongs to the isocitrate and isopropylmalate dehydrogenases family. (364 aa)
TUP1General transcriptional corepressor TUP1; General repressor of transcription; forms complex with Cyc8p, involved in the establishment of repressive chromatin structure through interactions with histones H3 and H4, appears to enhance expression of some genes. (713 aa)
DUN1DNA damage response protein kinase DUN1; Cell-cycle checkpoint S/T protein kinase; required for transient G2/M arrest after DNA damage, damage-induced transcription, and nuclear-to-cytoplasmic redistribution of Rnr2p-Rnr4p after genotoxic stress and iron deprivation; phosphorylates repair protein Rad55p, transcriptional repressor Sml1p, superoxide dismutase, and ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors Crt1p and Dif1p; functions in the Mec1p pathway to regulate dNTP pools and telomere length; postreplicative repair role; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase [...] (513 aa)
POL3Catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase delta; required for chromosomal DNA replication during mitosis and meiosis, intragenic recombination, repair of double strand DNA breaks, and DNA replication during nucleotide excision repair (NER). (1097 aa)
FAL1ATP-dependent RNA helicase FAL1; Nucleolar protein required for maturation of 18S rRNA; member of the eIF4A subfamily of DEAD-box ATP-dependent RNA helicases; 18S rRNA biogenesis defect of the null mutant is functionally complemented by human EIF4A3; Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DDX48/FAL1 subfamily. (399 aa)
UBC13E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme; involved in the error-free DNA postreplication repair pathway; interacts with Mms2p to assemble ubiquitin chains at the Ub Lys-63 residue; DNA damage triggers redistribution from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. (153 aa)
MSS116ATP-dependent RNA helicase MSS116, mitochondrial; Mitochondrial transcription elongation factor; DEAD-box protein; required for efficient splicing of mitochondrial Group I and II introns; non-polar RNA helicase that also facilities strand annealing; promotes RNA folding by stabilizing an early assembly intermediate. (664 aa)
RAD9DNA damage-dependent checkpoint protein; required for cell-cycle arrest in G1/S, intra-S, and G2/M, plays a role in postreplication repair (PRR) pathway; transmits checkpoint signal by activating Rad53p and Chk1p; hyperphosphorylated by Mec1p and Tel1p; multiple cyclin dependent kinase consensus sites and the C-terminal BRCT domain contribute to DNA damage checkpoint activation; Rad9p Chk1 Activating Domain (CAD) is phosphorylated at multiple sites by Cdc28p/Clb2p. (1309 aa)
MUS81Subunit of structure-specific Mms4p-Mus81p endonuclease; cleaves branched DNA; involved in DNA repair, replication fork stability, and joint molecule formation/resolution during meiotic recombination; promotes template switching during break-induced replication (BIR), causing non-reciprocal translocations (NRTs); helix-hairpin-helix protein; phosphorylation of non-catalytic subunit Mms4p by Cdc28p and Cdcp during mitotic cell cycle activates function of Mms4p-Mus81p; Belongs to the XPF family. (632 aa)
LCD1Essential protein required for the DNA integrity checkpoint pathways; interacts physically with Mec1p; putative homolog of S. pombe Rad26 and human ATRIP; forms nuclear foci upon DNA replication stress. (747 aa)
URA3Orotidine-5'-phosphate (OMP) decarboxylase; catalyzes the sixth enzymatic step in the de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidines, converting OMP into uridine monophosphate (UMP); converts 5-FOA into 5-fluorouracil, a toxic compound. (267 aa)
RNR1Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large chain 1; Major isoform of large subunit of ribonucleotide-diphosphate reductase; the RNR complex catalyzes rate-limiting step in dNTP synthesis, regulated by DNA replication and DNA damage checkpoint pathways via localization of small subunits; relative distribution to the nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress; RNR1 has a paralog, RNR3, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (888 aa)
MRH4Mitochondrial ATP-dependent RNA helicase of the DEAD-box family; required for assembly of the large subunit of mitochondrial ribosomes; binds to the large subunit rRNA, 21S_rRNA; localizes to the matrix face of the mitochondrial inner membrane and associates with the large subunit precursor and with mature ribosomes. (561 aa)
MMS2Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme variant; involved in error-free postreplication repair; forms a heteromeric complex with Ubc13p, an active ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme; cooperates with chromatin-associated RING finger proteins, Rad18p and Rad5p; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress. (137 aa)
ITC1Imitation switch two complex protein 1; Subunit of ATP-dependent Isw2p-Itc1p chromatin remodeling complex; required for repression of a-specific genes, repression of early meiotic genes during mitotic growth, and repression of INO1; similar to mammalian Acf1p, the regulatory subunit of the mammalian ATP-utilizing chromatin assembly and modifying factor (ACF) complex; ITC1 has a paralog, YPL216W, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (1264 aa)
RNR4Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase small chain 2; Ribonucleotide-diphosphate reductase (RNR) small subunit; the RNR complex catalyzes the rate-limiting step in dNTP synthesis and is regulated by DNA replication and DNA damage checkpoint pathways via localization of the small subunits; relocalizes from nucleus to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress; RNR4 has a paralog, RNR2, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (345 aa)
SHU1Suppressor of HU sensitivity involved in recombination protein 1; Component of Shu complex (aka PCSS complex); Shu complex also includes Psy3, Csm2, Shu2, and promotes error-free DNA repair, mediates inhibition of Srs2p function; essential for promoting the establishment of homolog bias during meiotic homologous recombination; promotes both crossover (CO) and non-crossover (NCO) pathways of meiotic recombination and formation of Rad51p filaments. (150 aa)
RNR3Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large chain 2; Minor isoform of large subunit of ribonucleotide-diphosphate reductase; the RNR complex catalyzes rate-limiting step in dNTP synthesis, regulated by DNA replication and DNA damage checkpoint pathways via localization of small subunits; RNR3 has a paralog, RNR1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (869 aa)
CSM2Chromosome segregation in meiosis protein 2; Component of Shu complex (aka PCSS complex); Shu complex also includes Psy3, Shu1, Shu2, and promotes error-free DNA repair,; Shu complex mediates inhibition of Srs2p function; promotes formation of Rad51p filaments; Psy3p and Csm2p contain similar DNA-binding regions which work together to form a single DNA binding site; required for accurate chromosome segregation during meiosis. (213 aa)
MPH13'-5' DNA helicase involved in error-free bypass of DNA lesions; binds flap DNA, stimulates activity of Rad27p and Dna2p; prevents crossovers between ectopic sequences by removing substrates for Mus81-Mms4 or Rad1-Rad10 cleavage; homolog of human FANCM Fanconi anemia protein that is involved in stabilizing and remodeling blocked replication forks; member of SF2 DExD/H superfamily of helicases; nonsense or missense mutations in FANCM can make people more likely to get cancer. (993 aa)
PRI1Subunit of DNA primase; DNA primase is required for DNA synthesis and double-strand break repair; Belongs to the eukaryotic-type primase small subunit family. (409 aa)
RNR2Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase small chain 1; Ribonucleotide-diphosphate reductase (RNR), small subunit; the RNR complex catalyzes the rate-limiting step in dNTP synthesis and is regulated by DNA replication and DNA damage checkpoint pathways via localization of the small subunits; RNR2 has a paralog, RNR4, that arose from the whole genome duplication; Belongs to the ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase small chain family. (399 aa)
RPL39Ribosomal 60S subunit protein L39; required for ribosome biogenesis; loss of both Rpl31p and Rpl39p confers lethality; also exhibits genetic interactions with SIS1 and PAB1; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein L39, no bacterial homolog. (51 aa)
POL31Subunit of DNA polymerase delta (polymerase III); essential for cell viability; involved in DNA replication and DNA repair; forms a complex with Rev3p, Rev7p and Pol32p; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia. (487 aa)
POL32Third subunit of DNA polymerase delta; involved in chromosomal DNA replication; required for error-prone DNA synthesis in the presence of DNA damage and processivity; forms a complex with Rev3p, Rev7p and Pol31p; interacts with Hys2p, PCNA (Pol30p), and Pol1p. (350 aa)
CDC8Thymidylate and uridylate kinase; functions in de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides; converts dTMP to dTDP and dUMP to dUTP; essential for mitotic and meiotic DNA replication; homologous to S. pombe tmp1; human homolog DTYMK can complement yeast cdc8 null mutant. (216 aa)
IXR1Intrastrand cross-link recognition protein; Transcriptional repressor that regulates hypoxic genes during normoxia; involved in the aerobic repression of genes such as COX5b, TIR1, and HEM13; binds DNA intrastrand cross-links formed by cisplatin; HMG (high mobility group box) domain containing protein which binds and bends cisplatin-modified DNA, blocking excision repair; IXR1 has a paralog, ABF2, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (597 aa)
PRI2Subunit of DNA primase; DNA primase is required for DNA synthesis and double-strand break repair; Belongs to the eukaryotic-type primase large subunit family. (528 aa)
RAD5DNA repair protein RAD5; DNA helicase/Ubiquitin ligase; involved in error-free DNA damage tolerance (DDT), replication fork regression during postreplication repair by template switching, error-prone translesion synthesis; promotes synthesis of free and PCNA-bound polyubiquitin chains by Ubc13p-Mms2p; forms nuclear foci upon DNA replication stress; associates with native telomeres, cooperates with homologous recombination in senescent cells; human homolog HLTF can complement yeast null mutant. (1169 aa)
RFX1RFX-like DNA-binding protein RFX1; Major transcriptional repressor of DNA-damage-regulated genes; recruits repressors Tup1p and Cyc8p to their promoters; involved in DNA damage and replication checkpoint pathway; similar to a family of mammalian DNA binding RFX1-4 proteins. (811 aa)
MEC3DNA damage and meiotic pachytene checkpoint protein; subunit of a heterotrimeric complex (Rad17p-Mec3p-Ddc1p) that forms a sliding clamp, loaded onto partial duplex DNA by a clamp loader complex; homolog of human and S. pombe Hus1. (474 aa)
PSY3Platinum sensitivity protein 3; Component of Shu complex (aka PCSS complex); Shu complex also includes Shu1, Csm2, Shu2, and promotes error-free DNA repair; promotes Rad51p filament assembly; Shu complex mediates inhibition of Srs2p function; Psy3p and Csm2p contain similar DNA-binding regions which work together to form a single DNA binding site; deletion of PSY3 results in a mutator phenotype; deletion increases sensitivity to anticancer drugs oxaliplatin and cisplatin but not mitomycin C. (242 aa)
RAD52DNA repair and recombination protein RAD52; Protein that stimulates strand exchange; stimulates strand exchange by facilitating Rad51p binding to single-stranded DNA; anneals complementary single-stranded DNA; involved in the repair of double-strand breaks in DNA during vegetative growth and meiosis and UV induced sister chromatid recombination; Belongs to the RAD52 family. (471 aa)
CDC21Thymidylate synthase; required for de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides; expression is induced at G1/S; human homolog TYMSOS can complement yeast cdc21 temperature-sensitive mutant at restrictive temperature. (304 aa)
DED1ATP-dependent DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp)-box RNA helicase; required for translation initiation of all yeast mRNAs; binds to mRNA cap-associated factors, and binding stimulates Ded1p RNA-dependent ATPase activity; mutation in human homolog DBY is associated with male infertility; human homolog DDX3X complements ded1 null mutation; DED1 has a paralog, DBP1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (604 aa)
RAD17Checkpoint protein; involved in the activation of the DNA damage and meiotic pachytene checkpoints; with Mec3p and Ddc1p, forms a clamp that is loaded onto partial duplex DNA; homolog of human and S. pombe Rad1 and U. maydis Rec1 proteins. (401 aa)
RAD53Serine/threonine-protein kinase RAD53; DNA damage response protein kinase; required for cell-cycle arrest, regulation of copper genes in response to DNA damage; phosphorylates nuclear pores to counteract gene gating, preventing aberrant transitions at forks approaching transcribed genes; activates downstream kinase Dun1p; differentially senses mtDNA depletion, mitochondrial ROS; relocalizes to cytosol under hypoxia; human homolog CHEK2 implicated in breast cancer can complement yeast null mutant; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CHEK2 subfamily. (821 aa)
DDC1DNA damage checkpoint protein; part of a PCNA-like complex required for DNA damage response, required for pachytene checkpoint to inhibit cell cycle in response to unrepaired recombination intermediates; potential Cdc28p substrate; forms nuclear foci upon DNA replication stress; Belongs to the DDC1 family. (612 aa)
ROX1Heme-dependent repressor of hypoxic genes; mediates aerobic transcriptional repression of hypoxia induced genes such as COX5b and CYC7; repressor function regulated through decreased promoter occupancy in response to oxidative stress; contains an HMG domain that is responsible for DNA bending activity; involved in the hyperosmotic stress resistance. (368 aa)
HDA3Subunit of the HDA1 histone deacetylase complex; possibly tetrameric trichostatin A-sensitive class II histone deacetylase complex contains Hda1p homodimer and an Hda2p-Hda3p heterodimer; required for the activity of the complex; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia; similar to Hda2p. (655 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
NCBI taxonomy Id: 4932
Other names: ATCC 18824, Candida robusta, Mycoderma cerevisiae, NRRL Y-12632, S. cerevisiae, Saccharomyces capensis, Saccharomyces italicus, Saccharomyces oviformis, Saccharomyces uvarum var. melibiosus, yeast
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