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UGA2 UGA2 DUR1,2 DUR1,2 COX9 COX9 ADY3 ADY3 ATG31 ATG31 INO2 INO2 CYC7 CYC7 ACA1 ACA1 AGX1 AGX1 ATG18 ATG18 ATG1 ATG1 UGA1 UGA1 PDC6 PDC6 MEP1 MEP1 PDR11 PDR11 IMA3 IMA3 DAL1 DAL1 DAL4 DAL4 DAL2 DAL2 DAL7 DAL7 IMA4 IMA4 HAP4 HAP4 DAL80 DAL80 GAP1 GAP1 FLO10 FLO10 CHA4 CHA4 PUT1 PUT1 ATG17 ATG17 YML057C-A YML057C-A PAH1 PAH1 ALD3 ALD3 ICY1 ICY1 GAD1 GAD1 CAT8 CAT8 ADH2 ADH2 MEP2 MEP2 HXT17 HXT17 AIF1 AIF1 RTG1 RTG1 HXT11 HXT11 RGS2 RGS2 ALD4 ALD4 ATF1 ATF1 GCR1 GCR1 CAR1 CAR1 CUP9 CUP9 TCO89 TCO89 AQY1 AQY1 ARR1 ARR1
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proteins of unknown 3D structure
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UGA2Succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase [NADP(+)]; Succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase; involved in the utilization of gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA) as a nitrogen source; part of the 4-aminobutyrate and glutamate degradation pathways; localized to the cytoplasm. (497 aa)
DUR1,2Allophanate hydrolase; Urea amidolyase; contains both urea carboxylase and allophanate hydrolase activities, degrades urea to CO2 and NH3; expression sensitive to nitrogen catabolite repression and induced by allophanate, an intermediate in allantoin degradation; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress. (1835 aa)
COX9Subunit VIIa of cytochrome c oxidase (Complex IV); Complex IV is the terminal member of the mitochondrial inner membrane electron transport chain. (59 aa)
ADY3Accumulates dyads protein 3; Protein required for spore wall formation; subunit of the leading edge protein (LEP) complex (Ssp1-Ady3-Don1-Irc10) that forms a ring-like structure at the leading edge of the prospore membrane during meiosis II; mediates assembly of the LEP complex, formation of the ring-like structure via interaction with spindle pole body components and prospore membrane maturation; potentially phosphorylated by Cdc28p; ADY3 has a paralog, CNM67, that arose from the whole. (790 aa)
ATG31Autophagy-related protein 31; Autophagy-specific protein required for autophagosome formation; forms a complex with Atg17p and Atg29p that localizes other proteins to the pre-autophagosomal structure; constitutively phosphorylated, and phosphorylation of residue S174 is required for function; high-copy suppressor of CIK1 deletion. (196 aa)
INO2Protein INO2; Transcription factor; component of the heteromeric Ino2p/Ino4p basic helix-loop-helix transcription activator that binds inositol/choline-responsive elements (ICREs), required for derepression of phospholipid biosynthetic genes in response to inositol depletion; involved in diauxic shift. (304 aa)
CYC7Cytochrome c isoform 2, expressed under hypoxic conditions; also known as iso-2-cytochrome c; electron carrier of the mitochondrial intermembrane space that transfers electrons from ubiquinone-cytochrome c oxidoreductase to cytochrome c oxidase during cellular respiration; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; CYC7 has a paralog, CYC1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (113 aa)
ACA1ATF/CREB activator 1; ATF/CREB family basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor; binds as a homodimer to the ATF/CREB consensus sequence TGACGTCA; important for carbon source utilization; target genes include GRE2 and COS8; ACA1 has a paralog, CST6, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (489 aa)
AGX1Alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 1; Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT); catalyzes the synthesis of glycine from glyoxylate, which is one of three pathways for glycine biosynthesis in yeast; similar to mammalian and plant alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferases; human homolog AGXT complements yeast null mutant; Belongs to the class-V pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. (385 aa)
ATG18Autophagy-related protein 18; Phosphoinositide binding protein; required for vesicle formation in autophagy and the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway; binds both phosphatidylinositol (3,5)-bisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate; WD-40 repeat protein; relocalizes from vacuole to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress; has 4 mammalian homologs WIPI1, WIPI2, WIPI3 and WIPI4/WDR45; mutations in human WDR45 cause static encephalopathy of childhood with neurodegeneration in adulthood. (500 aa)
ATG1Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATG1; Protein serine/threonine kinase; required for vesicle formation in autophagy and the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway; structurally required for phagophore assembly site formation; during autophagy forms a complex with Atg13p and Atg17p; essential for cell cycle progression from G2/M to G1 under nitrogen starvation. (897 aa)
UGA14-aminobutyrate aminotransferase; Gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA) transaminase; also known as 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase; involved in the 4-aminobutyrate and glutamate degradation pathways; required for normal oxidative stress tolerance and nitrogen utilization; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; Belongs to the class-III pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. (471 aa)
PDC6Minor isoform of pyruvate decarboxylase; decarboxylates pyruvate to acetaldehyde, involved in amino acid catabolism; transcription is glucose- and ethanol-dependent, and is strongly induced during sulfur limitation; Belongs to the TPP enzyme family. (563 aa)
MEP1Ammonium transporter MEP1; Ammonium permease; belongs to a ubiquitous family of cytoplasmic membrane proteins that transport only ammonium (NH4+); expression is under the nitrogen catabolite repression regulation; human homolog RHCG complements yeast null mutant; mutations in human homolog RHCG implicated in metabolic acidosis; MEP1 has a paralog, MEP3, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (492 aa)
PDR11ATP-dependent permease PDR11; ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter; multidrug transporter involved in multiple drug resistance; mediates sterol uptake when sterol biosynthesis is compromised; regulated by Pdr1p; required for anaerobic growth; PDR11 has a paralog, AUS1, that arose from the whole genome duplication; Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. ABCG family. PDR (TC 3.A.1.205) subfamily. (1411 aa)
IMA3Oligo-1,6-glucosidase IMA3; Alpha-glucosidase; weak, but broad substrate specificity for alpha-1,4- and alpha-1,6-glucosides; member of IMA isomaltase family; not required for isomaltose utilization, but Ima3p overexpression allows the ima1 null mutant to grow on isomaltose; lower activitiy and thermostability in vitro than Ima2p despite sequence difference of only 3 amino acids; cleaves alpha-1,3 linkage of nigerose and turanose, but not alpha-1,5 of leucrose; identical to IMA4; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 13 family. (589 aa)
DAL1Allantoinase; converts allantoin to allantoate in the first step of allantoin degradation; expression sensitive to nitrogen catabolite repression; Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. Allantoinase family. (460 aa)
DAL4Allantoin permease; expression sensitive to nitrogen catabolite repression and induced by allophanate, an intermediate in allantoin degradation; Belongs to the purine-cytosine permease (2.A.39) family. (635 aa)
DAL2Allantoicase; converts allantoate to urea and ureidoglycolate in the second step of allantoin degradation; expression sensitive to nitrogen catabolite repression and induced by allophanate, an intermediate in allantoin degradation. (343 aa)
DAL7Malate synthase; can accept butyryl-CoA as acyl-CoA donor in addition to traditional substrate acetyl-CoA; recycles glyoxylate generated during allantoin degradation; SWAT-GFP and mCherry fusion proteins localize to the cytosol; expression sensitive to nitrogen catabolite repression and induced by allophanate, an intermediate in allantoin degradation. (554 aa)
IMA4Alpha-glucosidase; weak, but broad substrate specificity for alpha-1,4- and alpha-1,6-glucosides; member of IMA isomaltase family; not required for isomaltose utilization, but Ima4p overexpression allows the ima1 null mutant to grow on isomaltose; identical to IMA3. (589 aa)
HAP4Transcriptional activator HAP4; Transcription factor; subunit of the heme-activated, glucose-repressed Hap2p/3p/4p/5p CCAAT-binding complex, a transcriptional activator and global regulator of respiratory gene expression; provides the principal activation function of the complex; involved in diauxic shift. (554 aa)
DAL80Nitrogen regulatory protein DAL80; Negative regulator of genes in multiple nitrogen degradation pathways; expression is regulated by nitrogen levels and by Gln3p; member of the GATA-binding family, forms homodimers and heterodimers with Gzf3p; DAL80 has a paralog, GZF3, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (269 aa)
GAP1General amino acid permease; Gap1p senses the presence of amino acid substrates to regulate localization to the plasma membrane when needed; essential for invasive growth. (602 aa)
FLO10Flocculation protein FLO10; Member of the FLO family of cell wall flocculation proteins; not expressed in most lab strains; overproduction induces flocculation that can be inhibited by mannose, sucrose, or glucose; overproduction also promotes haploid invasive growth and diploid filamentous growth. (1169 aa)
CHA4Activatory protein CHA4; DNA binding transcriptional activator; mediates serine/threonine activation of the catabolic L-serine (L-threonine) deaminase (CHA1); Zinc-finger protein with Zn[2]-Cys[6] fungal-type binuclear cluster domain. (648 aa)
PUT1Proline oxidase; nuclear-encoded mitochondrial protein involved in utilization of proline as sole nitrogen source; PUT1 transcription is induced by Put3p in the presence of proline and the absence of a preferred nitrogen source. (476 aa)
ATG17Autophagy-related protein 17; Scaffold protein responsible for phagophore assembly site organization; regulatory subunit of an autophagy-specific complex that includes Atg1p and Atg13p; stimulates Atg1p kinase activity; human ortholog RB1CC1/FIP200 interacts with p53, which inhibits autophagy in human cells. (417 aa)
YML057C-APutative uncharacterized membrane protein YML057C-A; Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; overlaps the verified gene CMP2/YML057W. (129 aa)
PAH1Phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase 1; Mg2+-dependent phosphatidate (PA) phosphatase; dephosphorylates PA to yield diacylglycerol; regulates phospholipid synthesis, nuclear/ER membrane growth, lipid droplet formation, triacylglycerol synthesis, vacuolar homeostasis and cell wall integrity; phosphorylated by Pho85p/Pho80p, Cdc28p/Cyclin B, PKA, PKC, and CKII, regulating activity, localization, and proteosomal degradation; homolog of mammalian lipins 1 and 2; human homologs LPIN1, LPIN2, LPIN3 complement the null. (862 aa)
ALD3Cytoplasmic aldehyde dehydrogenase; involved in beta-alanine synthesis; uses NAD+ as the preferred coenzyme; very similar to Ald2p; expression is induced by stress and repressed by glucose. (506 aa)
ICY1Interacting with cytoskeleton protein 1; Protein of unknown function; required for viability in rich media of cells lacking mitochondrial DNA; mutants have an invasive growth defect with elongated morphology; induced by amino acid starvation; ICY1 has a paralog, ICY2, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (127 aa)
GAD1Glutamate decarboxylase; converts glutamate into gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) during glutamate catabolism; involved in response to oxidative stress. (585 aa)
CAT8Regulatory protein CAT8; Zinc cluster transcriptional activator; necessary for derepression of a variety of genes under non-fermentative growth conditions, active after diauxic shift, binds carbon source responsive elements; relative distribution to the nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress. (1433 aa)
ADH2Glucose-repressible alcohol dehydrogenase II; catalyzes the conversion of ethanol to acetaldehyde; involved in the production of certain carboxylate esters; regulated by ADR1. (348 aa)
MEP2Ammonium transporter MEP2; Ammonium permease involved in regulation of pseudohyphal growth; belongs to a ubiquitous family of cytoplasmic membrane proteins that transport only ammonium (NH4+); expression is under the nitrogen catabolite repression regulation; Belongs to the ammonia transporter channel (TC 1.A.11.2) family. (499 aa)
HXT17Hexose transporter HXT17; Putative transmembrane polyol transporter; supports growth on and uptake of mannitol and sorbitol with moderate affinity when overexpressed in a strain deleted for hexose family members; minor hexose transport activity when overexpressed in a similar strain; induced by raffinose and galactose at pH 7.7 versus pH 4.7, repressed by high levels of glucose; HXT17 has a paralog, HXT13, that arose from a segmental duplication; Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Sugar transporter (TC 2.A.1.1) family. (564 aa)
AIF1Apoptosis-inducing factor 1; Mitochondrial cell death effector; translocates to the nucleus in response to apoptotic stimuli, homolog of mammalian Apoptosis-Inducing Factor, putative reductase; Belongs to the FAD-dependent oxidoreductase family. (378 aa)
RTG1Retrograde regulation protein 1; Transcription factor (bHLH) involved in interorganelle communication; contributes to communication between mitochondria, peroxisomes, and nucleus; target of Hog1p; activated in stochastic pulses of nuclear localization. (177 aa)
HXT11Hexose transporter; capable of transporting a broad range of substrates including: glucose, fructose, mannose and galactose; polyol transporter that supports the growth on and uptake of xylitol with low affinity when overexpressed in a strain deleted for hexose family members; nearly identical in sequence to Hxt9p; has similarity to major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transporters; involved in pleiotropic drug resistance; Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Sugar transporter (TC 2.A.1.1) family. (567 aa)
RGS2Negative regulator of glucose-induced cAMP signaling; directly activates the GTPase activity of the heterotrimeric G protein alpha subunit Gpa2p. (309 aa)
ALD4Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase; required for growth on ethanol and conversion of acetaldehyde to acetate; phosphorylated; activity is K+ dependent; utilizes NADP+ or NAD+ equally as coenzymes; expression is glucose repressed; can substitute for cytosolic NADP-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase when directed to the cytosol; human homolog ALDH2 can complement yeast ald4 mutant. (519 aa)
ATF1Alcohol O-acetyltransferase 1; Alcohol acetyltransferase; responsible for the major part of volatile acetate ester production during fermentation; main enzyme involved in terpenyl acetate synthesis; potential roles in lipid and sterol metabolism. (525 aa)
GCR1Transcriptional activator of genes involved in glycolysis; DNA-binding protein that interacts and functions with the transcriptional activator Gcr2p. (785 aa)
CAR1Arginase, catabolizes arginine to ornithine and urea; expression responds to both induction by arginine and nitrogen catabolite repression; disruption decreases production of carcinogen ethyl carbamate during wine fermentation and also enhances freeze tolerance. (333 aa)
CUP9Homeobox protein CUP9; Homeodomain-containing transcriptional repressor; regulates expression of PTR2, which encodes a major peptide transporter; imported peptides activate ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis, resulting in degradation of Cup9p and de-repression of PTR2 transcription; CUP9 has a paralog, TOS8, that arose from the whole genome duplication; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress. (306 aa)
TCO89Subunit of TORC1 (Tor1p or Tor2p-Kog1p-Lst8p-Tco89p); regulates global H3K56ac; TORC1 complex regulates growth in response to nutrient availability; cooperates with Ssd1p in the maintenance of cellular integrity; deletion strains are hypersensitive to rapamycin. (799 aa)
AQY1Aquaporin-1; Spore-specific water channel; mediates the transport of water across cell membranes, developmentally controlled; may play a role in spore maturation, probably by allowing water outflow, may be involved in freeze tolerance. (305 aa)
ARR1AP-1-like transcription factor YAP8; Transcriptional activator of the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) family; required for transcription of genes involved in resistance to arsenic compounds; directly binds trivalent arsenic (As(III)) as does K. lactis ortholog, KIYAP8. (294 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
NCBI taxonomy Id: 4932
Other names: ATCC 18824, Candida robusta, Mycoderma cerevisiae, NRRL Y-12632, S. cerevisiae, Saccharomyces capensis, Saccharomyces italicus, Saccharomyces oviformis, Saccharomyces uvarum var. melibiosus, yeast
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