Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole-succinocarboxamide synthase; N-succinyl-5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribotide synthetase; required for 'de novo' purine nucleotide biosynthesis; red pigment accumulates in mutant cells deprived of adenine; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress.

Metallothionein; binds copper and mediates resistance to high concentrations of copper and cadmium; locus is variably amplified in different strains, with two copies, CUP1-1 and CUP1-2, in the genomic sequence reference strain S288C; CUP1-1 has a paralog, CUP1-2, that arose from a segmental duplication.

Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole-succinocarboxamide synthase; N-succinyl-5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribotide synthetase; required for 'de novo' purine nucleotide biosynthesis; red pigment accumulates in mutant cells deprived of adenine; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress.

Metallothionein; binds copper and mediates resistance to high concentrations of copper and cadmium; locus is variably amplified in different strains, with two copies, CUP1-1 and CUP1-2, in the genomic sequence reference strain S288C; CUP1-2 has a paralog, CUP1-1, that arose from a segmental duplication.

Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole-succinocarboxamide synthase; N-succinyl-5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribotide synthetase; required for 'de novo' purine nucleotide biosynthesis; red pigment accumulates in mutant cells deprived of adenine; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress.

Galactokinase; phosphorylates alpha-D-galactose to alpha-D-galactose-1-phosphate in the first step of galactose catabolism; expression regulated by Gal4p; human homolog GALK2 complements yeast null mutant; GAL1 has a paralog, GAL3, that arose from the whole genome duplication.

Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole-succinocarboxamide synthase; N-succinyl-5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribotide synthetase; required for 'de novo' purine nucleotide biosynthesis; red pigment accumulates in mutant cells deprived of adenine; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress.

Imidazoleglycerol-phosphate dehydratase; catalyzes the sixth step in histidine biosynthesis; mutations cause histidine auxotrophy and sensitivity to Cu, Co, and Ni salts; transcription is regulated by general amino acid control via Gcn4p.

Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole-succinocarboxamide synthase; N-succinyl-5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribotide synthetase; required for 'de novo' purine nucleotide biosynthesis; red pigment accumulates in mutant cells deprived of adenine; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress.

Disaggregase; heat shock protein that cooperates with Ydj1p (Hsp40) and Ssa1p (Hsp70) to refold and reactivate previously denatured, aggregated proteins; responsive to stresses including: heat, ethanol, and sodium arsenite; involved in [PSI+] propagation; protein becomes more abundant and forms cytoplasmic foci in response to DNA replication stress; potentiated Hsp104p variants decrease TDP-43 proteotoxicity by eliminating its cytoplasmic aggregation; Belongs to the ClpA/ClpB family.

Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole-succinocarboxamide synthase; N-succinyl-5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribotide synthetase; required for 'de novo' purine nucleotide biosynthesis; red pigment accumulates in mutant cells deprived of adenine; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress.

Beta-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase (IMDH); catalyzes the third step in the leucine biosynthesis pathway; can additionally catalyze the conversion of beta-ethylmalate into alpha-ketovalerate; Belongs to the isocitrate and isopropylmalate dehydrogenases family.

Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole-succinocarboxamide synthase; N-succinyl-5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribotide synthetase; required for 'de novo' purine nucleotide biosynthesis; red pigment accumulates in mutant cells deprived of adenine; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress.

[PIN(+)] prion; an infectious protein conformation that is generally an ordered protein aggregate.

Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole-succinocarboxamide synthase; N-succinyl-5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribotide synthetase; required for 'de novo' purine nucleotide biosynthesis; red pigment accumulates in mutant cells deprived of adenine; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress.

Eukaryotic peptide chain release factor GTP-binding subunit; Translation termination factor eRF3; has a role in mRNA deadenylation and decay; altered protein conformation creates the [PSI(+)] prion that modifies cellular fitness, alters translational fidelity by affecting reading frame selection, and results in a nonsense suppressor phenotype; many stress-response genes are repressed in the presence of [PSI(+)].

Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole-succinocarboxamide synthase; N-succinyl-5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribotide synthetase; required for 'de novo' purine nucleotide biosynthesis; red pigment accumulates in mutant cells deprived of adenine; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress.

Phosphoribosylanthranilate isomerase; catalyzes the third step in tryptophan biosynthesis; in 2004, the sequence of TRP1 from strain S228C was updated by changing the previously annotated internal STOP (TAA) to serine (TCA); enhances vegetative growth at low and high temperatures when used as an auxotrophic marker in strains such as W303.

Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole-succinocarboxamide synthase; N-succinyl-5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribotide synthetase; required for 'de novo' purine nucleotide biosynthesis; red pigment accumulates in mutant cells deprived of adenine; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress.

Orotidine-5'-phosphate (OMP) decarboxylase; catalyzes the sixth enzymatic step in the de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidines, converting OMP into uridine monophosphate (UMP); converts 5-FOA into 5-fluorouracil, a toxic compound.

Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATG1; Protein serine/threonine kinase; required for vesicle formation in autophagy and the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway; structurally required for phagophore assembly site formation; during autophagy forms a complex with Atg13p and Atg17p; essential for cell cycle progression from G2/M to G1 under nitrogen starvation.

Autophagy-related protein 11; Adapter protein for pexophagy and the Cvt targeting pathway; directs receptor-bound cargo to the phagophore assembly site (PAS) for packaging into vesicles; required for recruiting other proteins to the PAS; recruits Dnm1p to facilitate fission of mitochondria that are destined for removal by mitophagy; Belongs to the ATG11 family.

Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATG1; Protein serine/threonine kinase; required for vesicle formation in autophagy and the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway; structurally required for phagophore assembly site formation; during autophagy forms a complex with Atg13p and Atg17p; essential for cell cycle progression from G2/M to G1 under nitrogen starvation.

Ubiquitin-like protein ATG12; Ubiquitin-like modifier involved in autophagy and the Cvt pathway; conserved; conjugated to Atg5p to form a complex involved in Atg8p lipidation; Atg5p-Atg12p conjugate enhances E2 activity of Atg3p by rearranging its catalytic site, also forms a complex with Atg16p; the Atg5-Atg12/Atg16 complex binds to membranes and is essential for autophagosome formation.

Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATG1; Protein serine/threonine kinase; required for vesicle formation in autophagy and the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway; structurally required for phagophore assembly site formation; during autophagy forms a complex with Atg13p and Atg17p; essential for cell cycle progression from G2/M to G1 under nitrogen starvation.

Autophagy-related protein 14; Autophagy-specific subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex I; Atg14p targets complex I to the phagophore assembly site (PAS); required for localizing additional ATG proteins to the PAS; required for overflow degradation of misfolded proteins when ERAD is saturated; homolog of human Barkor; other members are Vps34, Vps15, and Vps30p.

Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATG1; Protein serine/threonine kinase; required for vesicle formation in autophagy and the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway; structurally required for phagophore assembly site formation; during autophagy forms a complex with Atg13p and Atg17p; essential for cell cycle progression from G2/M to G1 under nitrogen starvation.

Putative lipase ATG15; Phospholipase; preferentially hydrolyses phosphatidylserine, with minor activity against cardiolipin and phosphatidylethanolamine; required for lysis of autophagic and CVT bodies; targeted to intravacuolar vesicles during autophagy via the multivesicular body (MVB) pathway; required for the maintenance of lipid droplet quantity after the diauxic shift; regulates lipolysis; expression regulated by Yap1p during autophagy; Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily. Lipase family.

Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATG1; Protein serine/threonine kinase; required for vesicle formation in autophagy and the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway; structurally required for phagophore assembly site formation; during autophagy forms a complex with Atg13p and Atg17p; essential for cell cycle progression from G2/M to G1 under nitrogen starvation.

Autophagy-related protein 19; Receptor protein for the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway; delivers cargo proteins aminopeptidase I (Ape1p) and alpha-mannosidase (Ams1p) to the phagophore assembly site for packaging into Cvt vesicles; interaction with Atg19p during the Cvt pathway requires phosphorylation by Hrr25p.

Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATG1; Protein serine/threonine kinase; required for vesicle formation in autophagy and the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway; structurally required for phagophore assembly site formation; during autophagy forms a complex with Atg13p and Atg17p; essential for cell cycle progression from G2/M to G1 under nitrogen starvation.

Autophagy-related protein 32; Mitochondrial outer membrane protein required to initiate mitophagy; recruits the autophagy adaptor protein Atg11p and the ubiquitin-like protein Atg8p to the mitochondrial surface to initiate mitophagy, the selective vacuolar degradation of mitochondria in response to starvation; can promote pexophagy when placed ectopically in the peroxisomal membrane; regulates mitophagy and ethanol production during alcoholic fermentation.

Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATG1; Protein serine/threonine kinase; required for vesicle formation in autophagy and the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway; structurally required for phagophore assembly site formation; during autophagy forms a complex with Atg13p and Atg17p; essential for cell cycle progression from G2/M to G1 under nitrogen starvation.

Conserved cysteine protease required for autophagy; cleaves Atg8p to a form required for autophagosome and Cvt vesicle generation.

Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATG1; Protein serine/threonine kinase; required for vesicle formation in autophagy and the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway; structurally required for phagophore assembly site formation; during autophagy forms a complex with Atg13p and Atg17p; essential for cell cycle progression from G2/M to G1 under nitrogen starvation.

Ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7; Autophagy-related protein and dual specificity member of the E1 family; mediates the attachment of Atg12p to Atg5p and Atg8p to phosphatidylethanolamine which are required steps in autophagosome formation; E1 enzymes are also known as ubiquitin-activating enzymes; involved in methionine restriction extension of chronological lifespan in an autophagy-dependent manner; Belongs to the ATG7 family.

Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATG1; Protein serine/threonine kinase; required for vesicle formation in autophagy and the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway; structurally required for phagophore assembly site formation; during autophagy forms a complex with Atg13p and Atg17p; essential for cell cycle progression from G2/M to G1 under nitrogen starvation.

Autophagy-related protein 8; Component of autophagosomes and Cvt vesicles; regulator of Atg1p, targets it to autophagosomes; binds the Atg1p-Atg13p complex, triggering its vacuolar degradation; unique ubiquitin-like protein whose conjugation target is lipid phosphatidylethanolamine (PE); Atg8p-PE is anchored to membranes, is involved in phagophore expansion, and may mediate membrane fusion during autophagosome formation; deconjugation of Atg8p-PE is required for efficient autophagosome biogenesis.

Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATG1; Protein serine/threonine kinase; required for vesicle formation in autophagy and the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway; structurally required for phagophore assembly site formation; during autophagy forms a complex with Atg13p and Atg17p; essential for cell cycle progression from G2/M to G1 under nitrogen starvation.

Autophagy-related protein 9; Transmembrane protein involved in forming Cvt and autophagic vesicles; cycles between the phagophore assembly site (PAS) and other cytosolic punctate structures, not found in autophagosomes; may be involved in membrane delivery to the PAS; Belongs to the ATG9 family.