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RAD52 RAD52 CCR4 CCR4 CLN3 CLN3 HTB2 HTB2 HTA2 HTA2 HHT1 HHT1 GAL10 GAL10 GAL1 GAL1 PGK1 PGK1 MBP1 MBP1 RPO21 RPO21 SWI5 SWI5 HTB1 HTB1 HTA1 HTA1 RNR1 RNR1 SWI4 SWI4 SPT15 SPT15 PAN2 PAN2 XRN1 XRN1 SPT6 SPT6 GCN5 GCN5 YTA7 YTA7 ASF1 ASF1 LSM1 LSM1 SPT10 SPT10 CDC8 CDC8 PAN3 PAN3 RTT109 RTT109 SIC1 SIC1 SWI6 SWI6 SKI2 SKI2 MCM1 MCM1 SPT21 SPT21 CLN1 CLN1 HHT2 HHT2 POL1 POL1 DCP2 DCP2 RTT106 RTT106 TRF5 TRF5 NRM1 NRM1 POP2 POP2 DCP1 DCP1 RRP6 RRP6 RAD53 RAD53 SKI3 SKI3
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RAD52DNA repair and recombination protein RAD52; Protein that stimulates strand exchange; stimulates strand exchange by facilitating Rad51p binding to single-stranded DNA; anneals complementary single-stranded DNA; involved in the repair of double-strand breaks in DNA during vegetative growth and meiosis and UV induced sister chromatid recombination; Belongs to the RAD52 family. (471 aa)
CCR4Glucose-repressible alcohol dehydrogenase transcriptional effector; Component of the CCR4-NOT transcriptional complex; CCR4-NOT is involved in regulation of gene expression; component of the major cytoplasmic deadenylase, which is involved in mRNA poly(A) tail shortening; Belongs to the CCR4/nocturin family. (837 aa)
CLN3G1/S-specific cyclin CLN3; G1 cyclin involved in cell cycle progression; activates Cdc28p kinase to promote G1 to S phase transition; plays a role in regulating transcription of other G1 cyclins, CLN1 and CLN2; regulated by phosphorylation and proteolysis; acetyl-CoA induces CLN3 transcription in response to nutrient repletion to promote cell-cycle entry; cell cycle arrest phenotype of the cln1 cln2 cln3 triple null mutant is complemented by any of human cyclins CCNA2, CCNB1, CCNC, CCND1, or CCNE1. (580 aa)
HTB2Histone H2B; core histone protein required for chromatin assembly and chromosome function; nearly identical to HTB1; Rad6p-Bre1p-Lge1p mediated ubiquitination regulates reassembly after DNA replication, transcriptional activation, meiotic DSB formation and H3 methylation. (131 aa)
HTA2Histone H2A; core histone protein required for chromatin assembly and chromosome function; one of two nearly identical (see also HTA1) subtypes; DNA damage-dependent phosphorylation by Mec1p facilitates DNA repair; acetylated by Nat4p. (132 aa)
HHT1Histone H3; core histone protein required for chromatin assembly, part of heterochromatin-mediated telomeric and HM silencing; one of two identical histone H3 proteins (see HHT2); regulated by acetylation, methylation, and phosphorylation; H3K14 acetylation plays an important role in the unfolding of strongly positioned nucleosomes during repair of UV damage. (136 aa)
GAL10Bifunctional protein GAL10; UDP-glucose-4-epimerase; catalyzes interconversion of UDP-galactose and UDP-D-glucose in galactose metabolism; also catalyzes conversion of alpha-D-glucose or alpha-D-galactose to their beta-anomers; human homolog GALE implicated in galactosemia, can complement yeast null mutant. (699 aa)
GAL1Galactokinase; phosphorylates alpha-D-galactose to alpha-D-galactose-1-phosphate in the first step of galactose catabolism; expression regulated by Gal4p; human homolog GALK2 complements yeast null mutant; GAL1 has a paralog, GAL3, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (528 aa)
PGK13-phosphoglycerate kinase; catalyzes transfer of high-energy phosphoryl groups from the acyl phosphate of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to ADP to produce ATP; key enzyme in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. (416 aa)
MBP1Transcription factor; involved in regulation of cell cycle progression from G1 to S phase, forms a complex with Swi6p that binds to MluI cell cycle box regulatory element in promoters of DNA synthesis genes. (833 aa)
RPO21RNA polymerase II largest subunit B220; part of central core; phosphorylation of C-terminal heptapeptide repeat domain regulates association with transcription and splicing factors; similar to bacterial beta-prime. (1733 aa)
SWI5Transcriptional factor SWI5; Transcription factor that recruits Mediator and Swi/Snf complexes; activates transcription of genes expressed at the M/G1 phase boundary and in G1 phase; required for expression of the HO gene controlling mating type switching; localization to nucleus occurs during G1 and appears to be regulated by phosphorylation by Cdc28p kinase; SWI5 has a paralog, ACE2, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (709 aa)
HTB1Histone H2B; core histone protein required for chromatin assembly and chromosome function; nearly identical to HTB2; Rad6p-Bre1p-Lge1p mediated ubiquitination regulates reassembly after DNA replication, transcriptional activation, meiotic DSB formation and H3 methylation. (131 aa)
HTA1Histone H2A; core histone protein required for chromatin assembly and chromosome function; one of two nearly identical subtypes (see also HTA2); DNA damage-dependent phosphorylation by Mec1p facilitates DNA repair; acetylated by Nat4p; N-terminally propionylated in vivo. (132 aa)
RNR1Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large chain 1; Major isoform of large subunit of ribonucleotide-diphosphate reductase; the RNR complex catalyzes rate-limiting step in dNTP synthesis, regulated by DNA replication and DNA damage checkpoint pathways via localization of small subunits; relative distribution to the nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress; RNR1 has a paralog, RNR3, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (888 aa)
SWI4Regulatory protein SWI4; DNA binding component of the SBF complex (Swi4p-Swi6p); a transcriptional activator that in concert with MBF (Mbp1-Swi6p) regulates late G1-specific transcription of targets including cyclins and genes required for DNA synthesis and repair; Slt2p-independent regulator of cold growth; acetylation at two sites, K1016 and K1066, regulates interaction with Swi6p. (1093 aa)
SPT15TATA-binding protein (TBP); general transcription factor that interacts with other factors to form the preinitiation complex at promoters; essential for viability, highly conserved; yeast gene can complement mutations in human homolog TBP. (240 aa)
PAN2Catalytic subunit of the Pan2p-Pan3p poly(A)-ribonuclease complex; complex acts to control poly(A) tail length and regulate the stoichiometry and activity of postreplication repair complexes; Belongs to the peptidase C19 family. PAN2 subfamily. (1115 aa)
XRN15'-3' exoribonuclease 1; Evolutionarily-conserved 5'-3' exonuclease; component of cytoplasmic processing (P) bodies involved in mRNA decay; also enters the nucleus and positively regulates transcription initiation and elongation; plays a role in microtubule-mediated processes, filamentous growth, ribosomal RNA maturation, and telomere maintenance; activated by the scavenger decapping enzyme Dcs1p. (1528 aa)
SPT6Transcription elongation factor SPT6; Nucleosome remodeling protein; functions in various aspects of transcription, chromatin maintenance, and RNA processing; required for the maintenance of chromatin structure during transcription in order to inhibit transcription from promoters within the coding region; required for H3K36 trimethylation but not dimethylation by Set2p. (1451 aa)
GCN5Catalytic subunit of ADA and SAGA histone acetyltransferase complexes; modifies N-terminal lysines on histones H2B and H3; acetylates Rsc4p, a subunit of the RSC chromatin-remodeling complex, altering replication stress tolerance; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia; mutant displays reduced transcription elongation in the G-less-based run-on (GLRO) assay; greater involvement in repression of RNAPII-dependent transcription than in activation; Belongs to the acetyltransferase family. GCN5 subfamily. (439 aa)
YTA7Tat-binding homolog 7; Protein that localizes to chromatin; has a role in regulation of histone gene expression; has a bromodomain-like region that interacts with the N-terminal tail of histone H3, and an ATPase domain; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia; potentially phosphorylated by Cdc28p. (1379 aa)
ASF1Histone chaperone ASF1; Nucleosome assembly factor; involved in chromatin assembly, disassembly; required for recovery after DSB repair; role in H3K56 acetylation required for expression homeostasis, buffering mRNA synthesis rate against gene dosage changes in S phase; anti-silencing protein, derepresses silent loci when overexpressed; role in regulating Ty1 transposition; relocalizes to cytosol under hypoxia; growth defect of asf1 null is functionally complemented by either human ASF1A or ASF1B. (279 aa)
LSM1Sm-like protein LSm1; Lsm (Like Sm) protein; forms heteroheptameric complex (with Lsm2p, Lsm3p, Lsm4p, Lsm5p, Lsm6p, and Lsm7p) involved in degradation of cytoplasmic mRNAs; also enters the nucleus and positively regulates transcription initiation; unlike most Sm-like proteins, Lsm1p requires both its SM-domain and C-terminal domain for RNA-binding; binds to mRNAs under glucose starvation, most often in the 3' UTR; forms cytoplasmic foci upon DNA replication stress. (172 aa)
SPT10Protein SPT10; Histone H3 acetylase with a role in transcriptional regulation; sequence-specific activator of histone genes, binds specifically and cooperatively to pairs of UAS elements in core histone promoters, functions at or near TATA box; involved in S phase-specific acetylation of H3K56 at histone promoters, which is required for recruitment of SWI/SNF nucleosome remodeling complex and subsequent transcription. (640 aa)
CDC8Thymidylate and uridylate kinase; functions in de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides; converts dTMP to dTDP and dUMP to dUTP; essential for mitotic and meiotic DNA replication; homologous to S. pombe tmp1; human homolog DTYMK can complement yeast cdc8 null mutant. (216 aa)
PAN3Essential subunit of the Pan2p-Pan3p poly(A)-ribonuclease complex; poly (A) mRNA binding subunit which recruits mRNA to the complex; the Pan2p-Pan3p complex controls poly(A) tail length and regulates the stoichiometry and activity of postreplication repair complexes. (679 aa)
RTT109Histone acetyltransferase; critical for cell survival in presence of DNA damage during S phase, required for recovery after DSB repair; acetylates H3K56, H3K9; H3K56 acetylation activity required for expression homeostasis, buffering of mRNA synthesis rate against changes in gene dosage during S phase; involved in non-homologous end joining and regulation of Ty1 transposition; prevents hyper-amplification of rDNA; interacts physically with Vps75p. (436 aa)
SIC1Protein SIC1; Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CKI); inhibitor of Cdc28-Clb kinase complexes that controls G1/S phase transition, preventing premature S phase and ensuring genomic integrity; phosphorylated by Clb5/6-Cdk1 and Cln1/2-Cdk1 kinase which regulate timing of Sic1p degradation; phosphorylation targets Sic1p for SCF(CDC4)-dependent turnover; functional homolog of mammalian Kip1. (284 aa)
SWI6Regulatory protein SWI6; Transcription cofactor; forms complexes with Swi4p and Mbp1p to regulate transcription at the G1/S transition; involved in meiotic gene expression; also binds Stb1p to regulate transcription at START; cell wall stress induces phosphorylation by Mpk1p, which regulates Swi6p localization; required for the unfolded protein response, independently of its known transcriptional coactivators. (803 aa)
SKI2Antiviral helicase SKI2; Ski complex component and putative RNA helicase; mediates 3'-5' RNA degradation by the cytoplasmic exosome; null mutants have superkiller phenotype of increased viral dsRNAs and are synthetic lethal with mutations in 5'-3' mRNA decay; mutations in the human ortholog, SKIV2L, causes Syndromic diarrhea/Trichohepatoenteric (SD/THE) syndrome; Belongs to the helicase family. SKI2 subfamily. (1287 aa)
MCM1Transcription factor; involved in cell-type-specific transcription and pheromone response; plays a central role in the formation of both repressor and activator complexes; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia. (286 aa)
SPT21Protein with a role in transcriptional silencing; required for normal transcription at several loci including HTA2-HTB2 and HHF2-HHT2, but not required at the other histone loci; functionally related to Spt10p; localizes to nuclear foci that become diffuse upon DNA replication stress. (758 aa)
CLN1G1/S-specific cyclin CLN1; G1 cyclin involved in regulation of the cell cycle; activates Cdc28p kinase to promote the G1 to S phase transition; late G1 specific expression depends on transcription factor complexes, MBF (Swi6p-Mbp1p) and SBF (Swi6p-Swi4p); CLN1 has a paralog, CLN2, that arose from the whole genome duplication; cell cycle arrest phenotype of the cln1 cln2 cln3 triple null mutant is complemented by any of human cyclins CCNA2, CCNB1, CCNC, CCND1, or CCNE1. (546 aa)
HHT2Histone H3; core histone protein required for chromatin assembly, part of heterochromatin-mediated telomeric and HM silencing; one of two identical histone H3 proteins (see HHT1); regulated by acetylation, methylation, and phosphorylation; H3K14 acetylation plays an important role in the unfolding of strongly positioned nucleosomes during repair of UV damage. (136 aa)
POL1Catalytic subunit of the DNA polymerase I alpha-primase complex; required for the initiation of DNA replication during mitotic DNA synthesis and premeiotic DNA synthesis. (1468 aa)
DCP2m7GpppN-mRNA hydrolase; Catalytic subunit of Dcp1p-Dcp2p decapping enzyme complex; removes 5' cap structure from mRNAs prior to their degradation; also enters nucleus and positively regulates transcription initiation; nudix hydrolase family member; forms cytoplasmic foci upon DNA replication stress; human homolog DCP2 complements yeast dcp2 thermosensitive mutant. (970 aa)
RTT106Histone chaperone; involved in regulation of chromatin structure in both transcribed and silenced chromosomal regions; affects transcriptional elongation; has a role in regulation of Ty1 transposition; interacts physically and functionally with Chromatin Assembly Factor-1 (CAF-1); Belongs to the RTT106 family. (455 aa)
TRF5Non-canonical poly(A) polymerase; involved in nuclear RNA degradation as a component of the TRAMP complex; catalyzes polyadenylation of hypomodified tRNAs, and snoRNA and rRNA precursors; overlapping but non-redundant functions with Pap2p. (642 aa)
NRM1Transcription factor NRM1; Transcriptional co-repressor of MBF-regulated gene expression; Nrm1p associates stably with promoters via MCB binding factor (MBF) to repress transcription upon exit from G1 phase. (249 aa)
POP2Poly(A) ribonuclease POP2; RNase of the DEDD superfamily; subunit of the Ccr4-Not complex that mediates 3' to 5' mRNA deadenylation. (433 aa)
DCP1Subunit of the Dcp1p-Dcp2p decapping enzyme complex; decapping complex removes the 5' cap structure from mRNAs prior to their degradation; enhances the activity of catalytic subunit Dcp2p; regulated by DEAD box protein Dhh1p; forms cytoplasmic foci upon DNA replication stress. (231 aa)
RRP6Nuclear exosome exonuclease component; has 3'-5' exonuclease activity that is regulated by Lrp1p; involved in RNA processing, maturation, surveillance, degradation, tethering, and export; role in sn/snoRNAs precursor degradation; forms a stable heterodimer with Lrp1p; has similarity to E. coli RNase D and to human PM-Sc1 100 (EXOSC10); mutant displays reduced transcription elongation in the G-less-based. (733 aa)
RAD53Serine/threonine-protein kinase RAD53; DNA damage response protein kinase; required for cell-cycle arrest, regulation of copper genes in response to DNA damage; phosphorylates nuclear pores to counteract gene gating, preventing aberrant transitions at forks approaching transcribed genes; activates downstream kinase Dun1p; differentially senses mtDNA depletion, mitochondrial ROS; relocalizes to cytosol under hypoxia; human homolog CHEK2 implicated in breast cancer can complement yeast null mutant; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CHEK2 subfamily. (821 aa)
SKI3Superkiller protein 3; Ski complex component and TPR protein; mediates 3'-5' RNA degradation by the cytoplasmic exosome; null mutants have superkiller phenotype of increased viral dsRNAs and are synthetic lethal with mutations in 5'-3' mRNA decay; mutations in the human ortholog, TTC37, causes Syndromic diarrhea/Trichohepatoenteric (SD/THE) syndrome. (1432 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
NCBI taxonomy Id: 4932
Other names: ATCC 18824, Candida robusta, Mycoderma cerevisiae, NRRL Y-12632, S. cerevisiae, Saccharomyces capensis, Saccharomyces italicus, Saccharomyces oviformis, Saccharomyces uvarum var. melibiosus, yeast
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