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GDH2 | NAD(+)-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase; degrades glutamate to ammonia and alpha-ketoglutarate; expression sensitive to nitrogen catabolite repression and intracellular ammonia levels; genetically interacts with GDH3 by suppressing stress-induced apoptosis. (1092 aa) | ||||
NRG1 | Transcriptional regulator NRG1; Transcriptional repressor; recruits the Cyc8p-Tup1p complex to promoters; mediates glucose repression and negatively regulates a variety of processes including filamentous growth and alkaline pH response; activated in stochastic pulses of nuclear localization in response to low glucose. (231 aa) | ||||
GCN4 | General control protein GCN4; bZIP transcriptional activator of amino acid biosynthetic genes; activator responds to amino acid starvation; expression is tightly regulated at both the transcriptional and translational levels; Belongs to the bZIP family. GCN4 subfamily. (281 aa) | ||||
VTC1 | Regulatory subunit of the vacuolar transporter chaperone (VTC) complex; VTC complex is involved in membrane trafficking, vacuolar polyphosphate accumulation, microautophagy and non-autophagic vacuolar fusion; also has mRNA binding activity; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress. (129 aa) | ||||
HSP12 | 12 kDa heat shock protein; Plasma membrane protein involved in maintaining membrane organization; involved in maintaining organization during stress conditions; induced by heat shock, oxidative stress, osmostress, stationary phase, glucose depletion, oleate and alcohol; protein abundance increased in response to DNA replication stress and dietary restriction; regulated by the HOG and Ras-Pka pathways; required for dietary restriction-induced lifespan extension. (109 aa) | ||||
GSY1 | Glycogen [starch] synthase isoform 1; Glycogen synthase; expression induced by glucose limitation, nitrogen starvation, environmental stress, and entry into stationary phase; GSY1 has a paralog, GSY2, that arose from the whole genome duplication; relocalizes from nucleus to cytoplasmic foci upon DNA replication stress; Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 3 family. (708 aa) | ||||
HXK1 | Hexokinase-1; Hexokinase isoenzyme 1; a cytosolic protein that catalyzes phosphorylation of glucose during glucose metabolism; expression is highest during growth on non-glucose carbon sources; glucose-induced repression involves hexokinase Hxk2p; HXK1 has a paralog, HXK2, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (485 aa) | ||||
YGL052W | Putative uncharacterized protein YGL052W; Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified ORF MST27. (101 aa) | ||||
CTT1 | Cytosolic catalase T; has a role in protection from oxidative damage by hydrogen peroxide. (562 aa) | ||||
MPC3 | Highly conserved subunit of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC); expressed during growth on nonfermentable carbon sources, and heterodimerizes with Mpc1p to form the respiratory isoform of MPC; MPC localizes to the mitochondrial inner membrane and mediates pyruvate uptake; MPC3 paralog, MPC2, heterodimerizes with Mpc1p to form the fermentative MPC isoform; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress. (146 aa) | ||||
GUT1 | Glycerol kinase; converts glycerol to glycerol-3-phosphate; glucose repression of expression is mediated by Adr1p and Ino2p-Ino4p; derepression of expression on non-fermentable carbon sources is mediated by Opi1p and Rsf1p; Belongs to the FGGY kinase family. (709 aa) | ||||
FIS1 | Protein involved in mitochondrial fission and peroxisome abundance; may have a distinct role in tethering protein aggregates to mitochondria in order to retain them in the mother cell; required for localization of Dnm1p and Mdv1p during mitochondrial division; mediates ethanol-induced apoptosis and ethanol-induced mitochondrial fragmentation; Belongs to the FIS1 family. (155 aa) | ||||
AIM19 | Protein of unknown function; mitochondrial protein that physically interacts with Tim23p; null mutant displays reduced respiratory growth; Belongs to the AIM19 family. (157 aa) | ||||
SGA1 | Intracellular sporulation-specific glucoamylase; involved in glycogen degradation; induced during starvation of a/a diploids late in sporulation, but dispensable for sporulation. (549 aa) | ||||
GUT2 | Mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; expression is repressed by both glucose and cAMP and derepressed by non-fermentable carbon sources in a Snf1p, Rsf1p, Hap2/3/4/5 complex dependent manner. (649 aa) | ||||
SUC2 | Invertase; sucrose hydrolyzing enzyme; a secreted, glycosylated form is regulated by glucose repression, and an intracellular, nonglycosylated enzyme is produced constitutively. (532 aa) | ||||
HYR1 | Glutathione peroxidase-like peroxiredoxin HYR1; Thiol peroxidase; functions as a hydroperoxide receptor to sense intracellular hydroperoxide levels and transduce a redox signal to the Yap1p transcription factor; HYR1 has a paralog, GPX1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (163 aa) | ||||
VTC4 | Vacuolar transporter chaperone 4; Vacuolar membrane polyphosphate polymerase; subunit of the vacuolar transporter chaperone (VTC) complex involved in synthesis and transfer of polyP to the vacuole; regulates membrane trafficking; role in non-autophagic vacuolar fusion; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress. (721 aa) | ||||
IKS1 | Probable serine/threonine-protein kinase IKS1; Protein kinase of unknown cellular role; putative serine/threonine kinase; expression is induced during mild heat stress; deletion mutants are hypersensitive to copper sulphate and resistant to sorbate; interacts with an N-terminal fragment of Sst2p. (667 aa) | ||||
SPT10 | Protein SPT10; Histone H3 acetylase with a role in transcriptional regulation; sequence-specific activator of histone genes, binds specifically and cooperatively to pairs of UAS elements in core histone promoters, functions at or near TATA box; involved in S phase-specific acetylation of H3K56 at histone promoters, which is required for recruitment of SWI/SNF nucleosome remodeling complex and subsequent transcription. (640 aa) | ||||
GPX1 | Glutathione peroxidase-like peroxiredoxin 1; Phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase; induced by glucose starvation that protects cells from phospholipid hydroperoxides and nonphospholipid peroxides during oxidative stress; GPX1 has a paralog, HYR1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (167 aa) | ||||
MSN4 | Zinc finger protein MSN4; Stress-responsive transcriptional activator; activated in stochastic pulses of nuclear localization in response to various stress conditions; binds DNA at stress response elements of responsive genes, inducing gene expression; involved in diauxic shift. (630 aa) | ||||
HAP4 | Transcriptional activator HAP4; Transcription factor; subunit of the heme-activated, glucose-repressed Hap2p/3p/4p/5p CCAAT-binding complex, a transcriptional activator and global regulator of respiratory gene expression; provides the principal activation function of the complex; involved in diauxic shift. (554 aa) | ||||
JEN1 | Carboxylic acid transporter protein homolog; Monocarboxylate/proton symporter of the plasma membrane; transport activity is dependent on the pH gradient across the membrane; mediates high-affinity uptake of carbon sources lactate, pyuvate, and acetate, and also of the micronutrient selenite, whose structure mimics that of monocarboxylates; expression and localization are tightly regulated, with transcription repression, mRNA degradation, and protein endocytosis and degradation all occurring in the presence of glucose; Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Sugar transporter (TC [...] (616 aa) | ||||
CCP1 | Mitochondrial cytochrome-c peroxidase; degrades reactive oxygen species in mitochondria, involved in the response to oxidative stress. (361 aa) | ||||
ATG39 | Autophagy-related protein 39; Autophagy receptor with a role in degradation of the ER and nucleus; involved specifically in autophagy of perinuclear endoplasmic reticulum in response to nitrogen starvation or rapamycin treatment; localizes to the perinuclear ER. (398 aa) | ||||
YAP1 | Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor; required for oxidative stress tolerance; activated by H2O2 through the multistep formation of disulfide bonds and transit from the cytoplasm to the nucleus; Yap1p is degraded in the nucleus after the oxidative stress has passed; mediates resistance to cadmium; relative distribution to the nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress; YAP1 has a paralog, CAD1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (650 aa) | ||||
DAK1 | Dihydroxyacetone kinase; required for detoxification of dihydroxyacetone (DHA); involved in stress adaptation. (584 aa) | ||||
HXT2 | High-affinity glucose transporter of the major facilitator superfamily; expression is induced by low levels of glucose and repressed by high levels of glucose; Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Sugar transporter (TC 2.A.1.1) family. (541 aa) | ||||
MSN2 | Zinc finger protein MSN2; Stress-responsive transcriptional activator; activated in stochastic pulses of nuclear localization in response to various stress conditions; binds DNA at stress response elements of responsive genes; relative distribution to nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress. (704 aa) | ||||
VBA1 | Permease of basic amino acids in the vacuolar membrane; Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. (562 aa) | ||||
FYV6 | Protein of unknown function; required for survival upon exposure to K1 killer toxin; proposed to regulate double-strand break repair via non-homologous end-joining. (173 aa) | ||||
DDR2 | Protein DDR2; Multi-stress response protein; expression is activated by a variety of xenobiotic agents and environmental or physiological stresses; DDR2 has a paralog, HOR7, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (61 aa) | ||||
VHS3 | Phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase subunit VHS3; Negative regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 1 Ppz1p; involved in coenzyme A biosynthesis; subunit of the phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase (PPCDC; Cab3p, Sis2p, Vhs3p) complex and the CoA-Synthesizing Protein Complex (CoA-SPC: Cab2p, Cab3p, Cab4p, Cab5p, Sis2p and Vhs3p). (674 aa) | ||||
GCY1 | Glycerol 2-dehydrogenase (NADP(+)); Glycerol dehydrogenase; involved in an alternative pathway for glycerol catabolism used under microaerobic conditions; also has mRNA binding activity; member of the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) family; human homolog AKR1B1 can complement yeast null mutant; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; GCY1 has a paralog, YPR1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (312 aa) | ||||
ATG40 | Autophagy-related protein 40; Autophagy receptor with a role in endoplasmic reticulum degradation; involved specifically in autophagy of cortical and cytoplasmic ER in response to nitrogen starvation or rapamycin treatment; localizes to the cortical and cytoplasmic ER; similar to human FAM134B, which is also involved in ER autophagy and is associated with sensory neuropathy. (256 aa) | ||||
COT1 | Cobalt uptake protein COT1; Vacuolar transporter that mediates zinc transport into the vacuole; overexpression confers resistance to cobalt and rhodium; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; COT1 has a paralog, ZRC1, that arose from the whole genome duplication; Belongs to the cation diffusion facilitator (CDF) transporter (TC 2.A.4) family. SLC30A subfamily. (439 aa) | ||||
IRC15 | Increased recombination centers protein 15; Microtubule associated protein; regulates microtubule dynamics; required for accurate meiotic chromosome segregation; null mutant displays large budded cells due to delayed mitotic progression, increased levels of spontaneous Rad52 foci; IRC15 has a paralog, LPD1, that arose from the whole genome duplication; Belongs to the class-I pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family. (499 aa) | ||||
MET31 | Transcriptional regulator MET31; Zinc-finger DNA-binding transcription factor; targets strong transcriptional activator Met4p to promoters of sulfur metabolic genes; involved in transcriptional regulation of the methionine biosynthetic genes; feedforward loop controlling expression of MET32 and the lack of such a loop for MET31 may account for the differential actions of Met31p and Met32p; MET31 has a paralog, MET32, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (177 aa) | ||||
USV1 | Nutrient and stress factor 1; Putative transcription factor containing a C2H2 zinc finger; mutation affects transcriptional regulation of genes involved in growth on non-fermentable carbon sources, response to salt stress and cell wall biosynthesis; USV1 has a paralog, RGM1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (391 aa) | ||||
HSP82 | ATP-dependent molecular chaperone HSP82; Hsp90 chaperone; redundant in function with Hsc82p; required for pheromone signaling, negative regulation of Hsf1p; docks with Tom70p for mitochondrial preprotein delivery; promotes telomerase DNA binding, nucleotide addition; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; contains two acid-rich unstructured regions that promote solubility of chaperone-substrate complexes; HSP82 has a paralog, HSC82, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (709 aa) | ||||
SUA7 | Transcription factor TFIIB; a general transcription factor required for transcription initiation and start site selection by RNA polymerase II. (345 aa) | ||||
RSC30 | Chromatin structure-remodeling complex protein RSC30; Component of the RSC chromatin remodeling complex; non-essential gene required for regulation of ribosomal protein genes and the cell wall/stress response; null mutants are osmosensitive; RSC30 has a paralog, RSC3, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (883 aa) | ||||
ACS1 | Acetyl-coA synthetase isoform; along with Acs2p, acetyl-coA synthetase isoform is the nuclear source of acetyl-coA for histone acetylation; expressed during growth on nonfermentable carbon sources and under aerobic conditions; Belongs to the ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family. (713 aa) | ||||
NRG2 | Probable transcriptional regulator NRG2; Transcriptional repressor; mediates glucose repression and negatively regulates filamentous growth; activated in stochastic pulses of nuclear localization in response to low glucose. (220 aa) | ||||
HSP26 | Small heat shock protein (sHSP) with chaperone activity; forms hollow, sphere-shaped oligomers that suppress unfolded proteins aggregation; long-lived protein that is preferentially retained in mother cells and forms cytoplasmic foci; oligomer activation requires heat-induced conformational change; also has mRNA binding activity. (214 aa) | ||||
IRA1 | Inhibitory regulator protein IRA1; GTPase-activating protein; negatively regulates RAS by converting it from GTP- to the GDP-bound inactive form, required for reducing cAMP levels under nutrient limiting conditions, mediates membrane association of adenylate cyclase; mutations cause catalase T deficiency, defective glycogen synthesis and defective trehalose accumulation; IRA1 has a paralog, IRA2, that arose from the whole genome duplication; defects in human homolog NF1 are associated with neurofibromatosis. (3092 aa) | ||||
GPX2 | Glutathione peroxidase-like peroxiredoxin 2; Phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase; protects cells from phospholipid hydroperoxides and nonphospholipid peroxides during oxidative stress; induced by glucose starvation; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress. (162 aa) | ||||
VBA2 | Permease of basic amino acids in the vacuolar membrane; Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. (474 aa) | ||||
GLK1 | Glucokinase-1; Glucokinase; catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose at C6 in the first irreversible step of glucose metabolism; one of three glucose phosphorylating enzymes; expression regulated by non-fermentable carbon sources; GLK1 has a paralog, EMI2, that arose from the whole genome duplication; Belongs to the hexokinase family. (500 aa) | ||||
ADY2 | Accumulation of dyads protein 2; Acetate transporter required for normal sporulation; phosphorylated in mitochondria; ADY2 has a paralog, ATO2, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (283 aa) |