E3 ubiquitin ligase; forms heterodimer with Rad6p to regulate K63 polyubiquitination in response to oxidative stress and to monoubiquinate histone H2B-K123, which is required for the subsequent methylation of histone H3-K4 and H3-K79; required for DSBR, transcription, silencing, and checkpoint control; interacts with RNA-binding protein Npl3p, linking histone ubiquitination to mRNA processing; Bre1p-dependent histone ubiquitination promotes pre-mRNA splicing.

Histone H3; core histone protein required for chromatin assembly, part of heterochromatin-mediated telomeric and HM silencing; one of two identical histone H3 proteins (see HHT2); regulated by acetylation, methylation, and phosphorylation; H3K14 acetylation plays an important role in the unfolding of strongly positioned nucleosomes during repair of UV damage.

E3 ubiquitin ligase; forms heterodimer with Rad6p to regulate K63 polyubiquitination in response to oxidative stress and to monoubiquinate histone H2B-K123, which is required for the subsequent methylation of histone H3-K4 and H3-K79; required for DSBR, transcription, silencing, and checkpoint control; interacts with RNA-binding protein Npl3p, linking histone ubiquitination to mRNA processing; Bre1p-dependent histone ubiquitination promotes pre-mRNA splicing.

Histone H3; core histone protein required for chromatin assembly, part of heterochromatin-mediated telomeric and HM silencing; one of two identical histone H3 proteins (see HHT1); regulated by acetylation, methylation, and phosphorylation; H3K14 acetylation plays an important role in the unfolding of strongly positioned nucleosomes during repair of UV damage.

E3 ubiquitin ligase; forms heterodimer with Rad6p to regulate K63 polyubiquitination in response to oxidative stress and to monoubiquinate histone H2B-K123, which is required for the subsequent methylation of histone H3-K4 and H3-K79; required for DSBR, transcription, silencing, and checkpoint control; interacts with RNA-binding protein Npl3p, linking histone ubiquitination to mRNA processing; Bre1p-dependent histone ubiquitination promotes pre-mRNA splicing.

Histone H2B; core histone protein required for chromatin assembly and chromosome function; nearly identical to HTB1; Rad6p-Bre1p-Lge1p mediated ubiquitination regulates reassembly after DNA replication, transcriptional activation, meiotic DSB formation and H3 methylation.

E3 ubiquitin ligase; forms heterodimer with Rad6p to regulate K63 polyubiquitination in response to oxidative stress and to monoubiquinate histone H2B-K123, which is required for the subsequent methylation of histone H3-K4 and H3-K79; required for DSBR, transcription, silencing, and checkpoint control; interacts with RNA-binding protein Npl3p, linking histone ubiquitination to mRNA processing; Bre1p-dependent histone ubiquitination promotes pre-mRNA splicing.

Transcriptional regulatory protein LGE1; Protein of unknown function; null mutant forms abnormally large cells, and homozygous diploid null mutant displays delayed premeiotic DNA synthesis and reduced efficiency of meiotic nuclear division.

E3 ubiquitin ligase; forms heterodimer with Rad6p to regulate K63 polyubiquitination in response to oxidative stress and to monoubiquinate histone H2B-K123, which is required for the subsequent methylation of histone H3-K4 and H3-K79; required for DSBR, transcription, silencing, and checkpoint control; interacts with RNA-binding protein Npl3p, linking histone ubiquitination to mRNA processing; Bre1p-dependent histone ubiquitination promotes pre-mRNA splicing.

Postreplication repair E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RAD18; E3 ubiquitin ligase; forms heterodimer with Rad6p to monoubiquitinate PCNA-K164; heterodimer binds single-stranded DNA and has single-stranded DNA dependent ATPase activity; required for postreplication repair; SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligase (STUbl) that contains a SUMO-interacting motif (SIM) which stimulates its ubiquitin ligase activity towards the sumoylated form of PCNA.

E3 ubiquitin ligase; forms heterodimer with Rad6p to regulate K63 polyubiquitination in response to oxidative stress and to monoubiquinate histone H2B-K123, which is required for the subsequent methylation of histone H3-K4 and H3-K79; required for DSBR, transcription, silencing, and checkpoint control; interacts with RNA-binding protein Npl3p, linking histone ubiquitination to mRNA processing; Bre1p-dependent histone ubiquitination promotes pre-mRNA splicing.

Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2); involved in postreplication repair as a heterodimer with Rad18p, regulation of K63 polyubiquitination in response to oxidative stress, DSBR and checkpoint control as a heterodimer with Bre1p, ubiquitin-mediated N-end rule protein degradation as a heterodimer with Ubr1p, ERAD with Ubr1p in the absence of canonical ER membrane ligases, and Rpn4p turnover as part of proteasome homeostasis, in complex with Ubr2p and Mub1p.

E3 ubiquitin ligase; forms heterodimer with Rad6p to regulate K63 polyubiquitination in response to oxidative stress and to monoubiquinate histone H2B-K123, which is required for the subsequent methylation of histone H3-K4 and H3-K79; required for DSBR, transcription, silencing, and checkpoint control; interacts with RNA-binding protein Npl3p, linking histone ubiquitination to mRNA processing; Bre1p-dependent histone ubiquitination promotes pre-mRNA splicing.

Protein RPN4; Transcription factor that stimulates expression of proteasome genes; Rpn4p levels are in turn regulated by the 26S proteasome in a negative feedback control mechanism; RPN4 is transcriptionally regulated by various stress responses; relative distribution to the nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress.

E3 ubiquitin ligase; forms heterodimer with Rad6p to regulate K63 polyubiquitination in response to oxidative stress and to monoubiquinate histone H2B-K123, which is required for the subsequent methylation of histone H3-K4 and H3-K79; required for DSBR, transcription, silencing, and checkpoint control; interacts with RNA-binding protein Npl3p, linking histone ubiquitination to mRNA processing; Bre1p-dependent histone ubiquitination promotes pre-mRNA splicing.

E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme; involved in the error-free DNA postreplication repair pathway; interacts with Mms2p to assemble ubiquitin chains at the Ub Lys-63 residue; DNA damage triggers redistribution from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.

E3 ubiquitin ligase; forms heterodimer with Rad6p to regulate K63 polyubiquitination in response to oxidative stress and to monoubiquinate histone H2B-K123, which is required for the subsequent methylation of histone H3-K4 and H3-K79; required for DSBR, transcription, silencing, and checkpoint control; interacts with RNA-binding protein Npl3p, linking histone ubiquitination to mRNA processing; Bre1p-dependent histone ubiquitination promotes pre-mRNA splicing.

SUMO-conjugating enzyme involved in the Smt3p conjugation pathway; nuclear protein required for S- and M-phase cyclin degradation and mitotic control; involved in proteolysis mediated by the anaphase-promoting complex cyclosome (APCC).

E3 ubiquitin ligase; forms heterodimer with Rad6p to regulate K63 polyubiquitination in response to oxidative stress and to monoubiquinate histone H2B-K123, which is required for the subsequent methylation of histone H3-K4 and H3-K79; required for DSBR, transcription, silencing, and checkpoint control; interacts with RNA-binding protein Npl3p, linking histone ubiquitination to mRNA processing; Bre1p-dependent histone ubiquitination promotes pre-mRNA splicing.

Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 10; Ubiquitin-specific protease, deubiquitinates Ub-protein moieties; interacts with proteins that function in rRNA production and ribosome biogenesis via its intrinsically disordered regions; stabilizes Rpa190p by deubiquitination; controls PCNA deubiquitylation; may regulate silencing by acting on Sir4p; involved in posttranscriptionally regulating Gap1p, possibly other transporters; localized to the nucleolus; null mutant phenotypes are functionally complemented by human USP36; Belongs to the peptidase C19 family.

E3 ubiquitin ligase; forms heterodimer with Rad6p to regulate K63 polyubiquitination in response to oxidative stress and to monoubiquinate histone H2B-K123, which is required for the subsequent methylation of histone H3-K4 and H3-K79; required for DSBR, transcription, silencing, and checkpoint control; interacts with RNA-binding protein Npl3p, linking histone ubiquitination to mRNA processing; Bre1p-dependent histone ubiquitination promotes pre-mRNA splicing.

Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 8; Ubiquitin-specific protease component of the SAGA acetylation complex; required for SAGA (Spt-Ada-Gcn5-Acetyltransferase)-mediated deubiquitination of histone H2B.

E3 ubiquitin ligase; forms heterodimer with Rad6p to regulate K63 polyubiquitination in response to oxidative stress and to monoubiquinate histone H2B-K123, which is required for the subsequent methylation of histone H3-K4 and H3-K79; required for DSBR, transcription, silencing, and checkpoint control; interacts with RNA-binding protein Npl3p, linking histone ubiquitination to mRNA processing; Bre1p-dependent histone ubiquitination promotes pre-mRNA splicing.

E3 ubiquitin ligase (N-recognin); heterodimerizes with Rad6p to recognize and ubiquitinate substrates of the N-end rule pathway; role in endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation (ERAD) in the absence of canonical ER membrane ligases or after stress; major role in targeting misfolded cytosolic proteins for degradation; regulates peptide transport via Cup9p ubiquitination; mutation in human UBR1 causes Johansson-Blizzard Syndrome (JBS).

E3 ubiquitin ligase; forms heterodimer with Rad6p to regulate K63 polyubiquitination in response to oxidative stress and to monoubiquinate histone H2B-K123, which is required for the subsequent methylation of histone H3-K4 and H3-K79; required for DSBR, transcription, silencing, and checkpoint control; interacts with RNA-binding protein Npl3p, linking histone ubiquitination to mRNA processing; Bre1p-dependent histone ubiquitination promotes pre-mRNA splicing.

Cytoplasmic ubiquitin-protein ligase (E3); component of the Mub1p-Ubr2p-Rad6p ubiquitin ligase complex required for the ubiquitination and degradation of Rpn4p; mediates formation of the ternary complex.

E3 ubiquitin ligase; forms heterodimer with Rad6p to regulate K63 polyubiquitination in response to oxidative stress and to monoubiquinate histone H2B-K123, which is required for the subsequent methylation of histone H3-K4 and H3-K79; required for DSBR, transcription, silencing, and checkpoint control; interacts with RNA-binding protein Npl3p, linking histone ubiquitination to mRNA processing; Bre1p-dependent histone ubiquitination promotes pre-mRNA splicing.

Orotidine-5'-phosphate (OMP) decarboxylase; catalyzes the sixth enzymatic step in the de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidines, converting OMP into uridine monophosphate (UMP); converts 5-FOA into 5-fluorouracil, a toxic compound.

General negative regulator of transcription subunit 1; Subunit of the CCR4-NOT1 core complex; this complex has multiple roles in the regulation of mRNA levels including regulation of transcription and destabilization of mRNA by deadenylation; basal transcription factor that increases initiation and elongation; activates the ATPase activity of Dhh1p, resulting in processing body disassembly.

Kinetochore-associated protein DSN1; Essential component of the MIND kinetochore complex; joins kinetochore subunits contacting DNA to those contacting microtubules; Dsn1p phosphorylation promotes interaction between outer and inner kinetochore proteins; kinetochore receptor for monopolin, via interaction with subunit Csm1p; essential for meiotic but not mitotic chromosome segregation; MIND complex consists of Mtw1p, Nnf1p, Nsl1p and Dsn1p; modified by sumoylation; phosphorylated by monopolin subunit Hrr25p.

General negative regulator of transcription subunit 1; Subunit of the CCR4-NOT1 core complex; this complex has multiple roles in the regulation of mRNA levels including regulation of transcription and destabilization of mRNA by deadenylation; basal transcription factor that increases initiation and elongation; activates the ATPase activity of Dhh1p, resulting in processing body disassembly.

Histone H3; core histone protein required for chromatin assembly, part of heterochromatin-mediated telomeric and HM silencing; one of two identical histone H3 proteins (see HHT2); regulated by acetylation, methylation, and phosphorylation; H3K14 acetylation plays an important role in the unfolding of strongly positioned nucleosomes during repair of UV damage.

General negative regulator of transcription subunit 1; Subunit of the CCR4-NOT1 core complex; this complex has multiple roles in the regulation of mRNA levels including regulation of transcription and destabilization of mRNA by deadenylation; basal transcription factor that increases initiation and elongation; activates the ATPase activity of Dhh1p, resulting in processing body disassembly.

Ornithine decarboxylase; catalyzes the first step in polyamine biosynthesis; degraded in a proteasome-dependent manner in the presence of excess polyamines; deletion decreases lifespan, and increases necrotic cell death and ROS generation; Belongs to the Orn/Lys/Arg decarboxylase class-II family.

General negative regulator of transcription subunit 1; Subunit of the CCR4-NOT1 core complex; this complex has multiple roles in the regulation of mRNA levels including regulation of transcription and destabilization of mRNA by deadenylation; basal transcription factor that increases initiation and elongation; activates the ATPase activity of Dhh1p, resulting in processing body disassembly.

Orotidine-5'-phosphate (OMP) decarboxylase; catalyzes the sixth enzymatic step in the de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidines, converting OMP into uridine monophosphate (UMP); converts 5-FOA into 5-fluorouracil, a toxic compound.

Kinetochore-associated protein DSN1; Essential component of the MIND kinetochore complex; joins kinetochore subunits contacting DNA to those contacting microtubules; Dsn1p phosphorylation promotes interaction between outer and inner kinetochore proteins; kinetochore receptor for monopolin, via interaction with subunit Csm1p; essential for meiotic but not mitotic chromosome segregation; MIND complex consists of Mtw1p, Nnf1p, Nsl1p and Dsn1p; modified by sumoylation; phosphorylated by monopolin subunit Hrr25p.

General negative regulator of transcription subunit 1; Subunit of the CCR4-NOT1 core complex; this complex has multiple roles in the regulation of mRNA levels including regulation of transcription and destabilization of mRNA by deadenylation; basal transcription factor that increases initiation and elongation; activates the ATPase activity of Dhh1p, resulting in processing body disassembly.

Kinetochore-associated protein DSN1; Essential component of the MIND kinetochore complex; joins kinetochore subunits contacting DNA to those contacting microtubules; Dsn1p phosphorylation promotes interaction between outer and inner kinetochore proteins; kinetochore receptor for monopolin, via interaction with subunit Csm1p; essential for meiotic but not mitotic chromosome segregation; MIND complex consists of Mtw1p, Nnf1p, Nsl1p and Dsn1p; modified by sumoylation; phosphorylated by monopolin subunit Hrr25p.

Histone H3; core histone protein required for chromatin assembly, part of heterochromatin-mediated telomeric and HM silencing; one of two identical histone H3 proteins (see HHT2); regulated by acetylation, methylation, and phosphorylation; H3K14 acetylation plays an important role in the unfolding of strongly positioned nucleosomes during repair of UV damage.