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| DAL7 | Malate synthase; can accept butyryl-CoA as acyl-CoA donor in addition to traditional substrate acetyl-CoA; recycles glyoxylate generated during allantoin degradation; SWAT-GFP and mCherry fusion proteins localize to the cytosol; expression sensitive to nitrogen catabolite repression and induced by allophanate, an intermediate in allantoin degradation. (554 aa) | ||||
| ALD3 | Cytoplasmic aldehyde dehydrogenase; involved in beta-alanine synthesis; uses NAD+ as the preferred coenzyme; very similar to Ald2p; expression is induced by stress and repressed by glucose. (506 aa) | ||||
| ALD4 | Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase; required for growth on ethanol and conversion of acetaldehyde to acetate; phosphorylated; activity is K+ dependent; utilizes NADP+ or NAD+ equally as coenzymes; expression is glucose repressed; can substitute for cytosolic NADP-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase when directed to the cytosol; human homolog ALDH2 can complement yeast ald4 mutant. (519 aa) | ||||
| ALD6 | Cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase; activated by Mg2+ and utilizes NADP+ as the preferred coenzyme; required for conversion of acetaldehyde to acetate; constitutively expressed; locates to the mitochondrial outer surface upon oxidative stress. (500 aa) | ||||