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| | TPD3 | Regulatory subunit A of the heterotrimeric PP2A complex; the heterotrimeric protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) complex also contains regulatory subunit Cdc55p and either catalytic subunit Pph21p or Pph22p; required for cell morphogenesis and transcription by RNA polymerase III. (635 aa) |
| | CLN3 | G1/S-specific cyclin CLN3; G1 cyclin involved in cell cycle progression; activates Cdc28p kinase to promote G1 to S phase transition; plays a role in regulating transcription of other G1 cyclins, CLN1 and CLN2; regulated by phosphorylation and proteolysis; acetyl-CoA induces CLN3 transcription in response to nutrient repletion to promote cell-cycle entry; cell cycle arrest phenotype of the cln1 cln2 cln3 triple null mutant is complemented by any of human cyclins CCNA2, CCNB1, CCNC, CCND1, or CCNE1. (580 aa) |
| | CDC15 | Cell division control protein 15; Protein kinase of the Mitotic Exit Network; localized to the spindle pole bodies at late anaphase; promotes mitotic exit by directly switching on the kinase activity of Dbf2p; required for spindle disassembly after meiosis II; relocalizes to the cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress. (974 aa) |
| | MCM2 | Protein involved in DNA replication; component of the Mcm2-7 hexameric helicase complex that binds chromatin as a part of the pre-replicative complex; relative distribution to the nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress. (868 aa) |
| | CDC27 | Subunit of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C); APC/C is a ubiquitin-protein ligase required for degradation of anaphase inhibitors, including mitotic cyclins, during the metaphase/anaphase transition. (758 aa) |
| | GIP1 | GLC7-interacting protein 1; Meiosis-specific regulatory subunit of the Glc7p protein phosphatase; regulates spore wall formation and septin organization, required for expression of some late meiotic genes and for normal localization of Glc7p. (639 aa) |
| | ORC2 | Subunit of the origin recognition complex (ORC); ORC directs DNA replication by binding to replication origins and is also involved in transcriptional silencing; interacts with Spp1p and with trimethylated histone H3; phosphorylated by Cdc28p. (620 aa) |
| | MEC1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase MEC1; Genome integrity checkpoint protein and PI kinase superfamily member; Mec1p and Dun1p function in same pathway to regulate dNTP pools and telomere length; signal transducer required for cell cycle arrest and transcriptional responses to damaged or unreplicated DNA; facilitates replication fork progression and regulates P-body formation under replication stress; promotes interhomolog recombination by phosphorylating Hop1p; associates with shortened, dysfunctional telomeres. (2368 aa) |
| | CDC28 | Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) catalytic subunit; master regulator of mitotic and meiotic cell cycles; alternately associates with G1, S, G2/M phase cyclins, which provide substrate specificity; regulates metabolism, basal transcription, chromosome dynamics, growth and morphogenesis; transcript induction in osmostress involves antisense RNA; human homologs CDK1, CDK2, CDK3 can complement yeast conditional cdc28 mutants; human CDK1, CDK2 can complement yeast cdc28 null mutant. (298 aa) |
| | MCM7 | DNA replication licensing factor MCM7; Component of the Mcm2-7 hexameric helicase complex; MCM2-7 primes origins of DNA replication in G1 and becomes an active ATP-dependent helicase that promotes DNA melting and elongation in S-phase; forms an Mcm4p-6p-7p subcomplex. (845 aa) |
| | CHK1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase CHK1; Serine/threonine kinase and DNA damage checkpoint effector; mediates cell cycle arrest via phosphorylation of Pds1p; phosphorylated by checkpoint signal transducer Mec1p; homolog of S. pombe and mammalian Chk1 checkpoint kinase; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family. NIM1 subfamily. (527 aa) |
| | HMLALPHA2 | Silenced copy of ALPHA2 at HML; homeobox-domain protein that associates with Mcm1p in haploid cells to repress a-specific gene expression and interacts with a1p in diploid cells to repress haploid-specific gene expression. (210 aa) |
| | HMRA1 | Silenced copy of a1 at HMR; homeobox corepressor that interacts with Alpha2p to repress haploid-specific gene transcription in diploid cells. (126 aa) |
| | APC11 | Catalytic core subunit, Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C); which is a ubiquitin-protein ligase required for degradation of anaphase inhibitors, including mitotic cyclins, during the metaphase/anaphase transition; contains a RING-H2 domain that is required for activity. (165 aa) |
| | CDC7 | Cell division control protein 7; DDK (Dbf4-dependent kinase) catalytic subunit; required for origin firing and replication fork progression in mitotic S phase through phosphorylation of Mcm2-7p complexes and Cdc45p; kinase activity correlates with cyclical DBF4 expression; required for pre-meiotic DNA replication, meiotic DSB formation, recruitment of monopolin complex to kinetochores during meiosis I, regulation of meiosis-specific Ndt80p; mutation complemented by human CDC7 and DBF4 co-expression. (507 aa) |
| | GPR1 | Plasma membrane G protein coupled receptor (GPCR); interacts with the heterotrimeric G protein alpha subunit, Gpa2p, and with Plc1p; sensor that integrates nutritional signals with the modulation of cell fate via PKA and cAMP synthesis. (961 aa) |
| | PPH21 | Catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A); functionally redundant with Pph22p; methylated at C terminus; forms alternate complexes with several regulatory subunits; involved in signal transduction and regulation of mitosis; forms nuclear foci upon DNA replication stress; PPH21 has a paralog, PPH22, that arose from the whole genome duplication; Belongs to the PPP phosphatase family. PP-2A subfamily. (369 aa) |
| | RGT2 | Plasma membrane high glucose sensor that regulates glucose transport; low affinity sesnor that contains 12 predicted transmembrane segments and a long C-terminal tail required for hexose transporter induction; phosphorylation of the tail by Yck1p/Yck2p facilitates binding to the HXT co-repressors, Mth1p and Std1p; RGT2 has a paralog, SNF3, that arose from the whole genome duplication; Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Sugar transporter (TC 2.A.1.1) family. (763 aa) |
| | CLB3 | G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-3; B-type cyclin involved in cell cycle progression; activates Cdc28p to promote the G2/M transition; may be involved in DNA replication and spindle assembly; accumulates during S phase and G2, then targeted for ubiquitin-mediated degradation; relative distribution to the nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress; CLB3 has a paralog, CLB4, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (427 aa) |
| | PPH22 | Catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A); functionally redundant with Pph21p; methylated at C terminus; forms alternate complexes with several regulatory subunits; involved in signal transduction and regulation of mitosis; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; dephosphorylates Tel1p/Mec1p-phosphorylated Cdc13p to promote telomerase release from telomeres at G2/M; PPH22 has a paralog, PPH21, that arose from the whole genome duplication; Belongs to the PPP phosphatase family. PP-2A subfamily. (377 aa) |
| | SNF3 | Plasma membrane low glucose sensor, regulates glucose transport; high affinity sensor that contains 12 predicted transmembrane segments and a long C-terminal tail required for induction of hexose transporters; also senses fructose and mannose; SNF3 has a paralog, RGT2, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (884 aa) |
| | HXT15 | Hexose transporter HXT15; Putative transmembrane polyol transporter; supports growth on and uptake of mannitol, sorbitol and xylitol with moderate affinity when overexpressed in a strain deleted for hexose family members; minor hexose transport activity when overexpressed in a similar strain; similarity to hexose transporters; expression is induced by low levels of glucose and repressed by high levels of glucose; Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Sugar transporter (TC 2.A.1.1) family. (567 aa) |
| | DBF4 | Regulatory subunit of Cdc7p-Dbf4p kinase complex; required for Cdc7p kinase activity and initiation of DNA replication; phosphorylates the Mcm2-7 family of proteins; cell cycle regulated; relative distribution to the nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress; co-expression of human CDC7 and DBF4 complements single cdc7 or dbf4 null mutations or the cdc7 dbf4 double null mutation. (704 aa) |
| | PDS1 | Securin; inhibits anaphase by binding separin Esp1p; blocks cyclin destruction and mitotic exit, essential for meiotic progression and mitotic cell cycle arrest; localization is cell-cycle dependent and regulated by Cdc28p phosphorylation. (373 aa) |
| | APC4 | Subunit of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C); APC/C is a ubiquitin-protein ligase required for degradation of anaphase inhibitors, including mitotic cyclins, during the metaphase/anaphase transition; component of the platform domain of the APC/C, based on structural analysis; relative distribution to the nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress. (652 aa) |
| | UME6 | Transcriptional regulatory protein UME6; Rpd3L histone deacetylase complex subunit; key transcriptional regulator of early meiotic genes; involved in chromatin remodeling and transcriptional repression via DNA looping; binds URS1 upstream regulatory sequence, represses transcription by recruiting conserved histone deacetylase Rpd3p (through co-repressor Sin3p) and chromatin-remodeling factor Isw2p; couples metabolic responses to nutritional cues with initiation and progression of meiosis, forms compl. (836 aa) |
| | RAD9 | DNA damage-dependent checkpoint protein; required for cell-cycle arrest in G1/S, intra-S, and G2/M, plays a role in postreplication repair (PRR) pathway; transmits checkpoint signal by activating Rad53p and Chk1p; hyperphosphorylated by Mec1p and Tel1p; multiple cyclin dependent kinase consensus sites and the C-terminal BRCT domain contribute to DNA damage checkpoint activation; Rad9p Chk1 Activating Domain (CAD) is phosphorylated at multiple sites by Cdc28p/Clb2p. (1309 aa) |
| | SWM1 | Subunit of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC); APC is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that regulates the metaphase-anaphase transition and exit from mitosis; required for activation of the daughter-specific gene expression and spore wall maturation; Belongs to the APC13 family. (170 aa) |
| | ZIP1 | Transverse filament protein of the synaptonemal complex; required for normal levels of meiotic recombination and pairing between homologous chromosome during meiosis; required for meiotic recombination between non-allelc sites; potential Cdc28p substrate. (875 aa) |
| | SUM1 | Suppressor of mar1-1 protein; Transcriptional repressor that regulates middle-sporulation genes; required for mitotic repression of middle sporulation-specific genes; also acts as general replication initiation factor; involved in telomere maintenance, chromatin silencing; regulated by pachytene checkpoint. (1062 aa) |
| | HXT7 | High-affinity glucose transporter; member of the major facilitator superfamily, nearly identical to Hxt6p, expressed at high basal levels relative to other HXTs, expression repressed by high glucose levels; HXT7 has a paralog, HXT4, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (570 aa) |
| | HXT6 | High-affinity glucose transporter; member of the major facilitator superfamily, nearly identical to Hxt7p, expressed at high basal levels relative to other HXTs, repression of expression by high glucose requires SNF3; HXT6 has a paralog, HXT1, that arose from the whole genome duplication; Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Sugar transporter (TC 2.A.1.1) family. (570 aa) |
| | HXT3 | Low affinity glucose transporter of the major facilitator superfamily; expression is induced in low or high glucose conditions; HXT3 has a paralog, HXT5, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (567 aa) |
| | PPZ2 | Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP-Z2; Serine/threonine protein phosphatase Z, isoform of Ppz1p; involved in regulation of potassium transport, which affects osmotic stability, cell cycle progression, and halotolerance; Belongs to the PPP phosphatase family. PP-Z subfamily. (710 aa) |
| | LRS4 | Monopolin complex subunit LRS4; Nucleolar protein that forms a complex with Csm1p; and then Mam1p at kinetochores during meiosis I to mediate accurate homolog segregation; required for condensin recruitment to the replication fork barrier site and rDNA repeat segregation. (347 aa) |
| | SNF1 | AMP-activated S/T protein kinase; forms a complex with Snf4p and members of the Sip1p/Sip2p/Gal83p family; required for transcription of glucose-repressed genes, thermotolerance, sporulation, and peroxisome biogenesis; regulates nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of Hxk2p; regulates filamentous growth and acts as a non-canonical GEF, activating Arf3p during invasive growth; SUMOylation by Mms21p inhibits its function and targets Snf1p for destruction via the Slx5-Slx8 Ub ligase. (633 aa) |
| | SPS1 | Sporulation-specific protein 1; Putative protein serine/threonine kinase; localizes to the nucleus and cytoplasm; required for efficient spore packaging, prospore membrane development and closure and localization of enzymes involved in spore wall synthesis; interacts with and required for Ssp1p phosphorylation and turnover; member of the GCKIII subfamily of STE20 kinases; multiply phosphorylated on S/T residues; interacts with 14-3-3 proteins, Bmh1p and Bmh2p; expressed at the end of meiosis. (490 aa) |
| | MCM3 | DNA replication licensing factor MCM3; Protein involved in DNA replication; component of the Mcm2-7 hexameric helicase complex that binds chromatin as a part of the pre-replicative complex. (971 aa) |
| | HXT13 | Hexose transporter HXT13; Putative transmembrane polyol transporter; supports growth on and uptake of mannitol and sorbitol with moderate affinity when overexpressed in a strain deleted for hexose family members; minor hexose transport activity when overexpressed in a similar strain; induced by non-fermentable carbon sources; induced in low glucose, repressed in high glucose; HXT13 has a paralog, HXT17, that arose from a segmental duplication; Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Sugar transporter (TC 2.A.1.1) family. (564 aa) |
| | GPA2 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein alpha-2 subunit; Nucleotide binding alpha subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein; interacts with the receptor Gpr1p, has signaling role in response to nutrients; required for the recruitment of Ras-GTP at the plasma membrane and in the nucleus. (449 aa) |
| | MAM1 | Monopolin complex subunit MAM1; Monopolin; meiosis-specific kinetochore-associated protein involved in monopolar attachment of sister kinetochores to the meiotic spindle; subunit of monopolin, a complex that prevents biorientation of sister kinetochores to ensure homolog biorientation during meiosis I; regulates the conformation, enzyme kinetics and substrate specificity of the Dsn1p kinase, Hrr1p; expressed only during the first meiotic division. (302 aa) |
| | SWI4 | Regulatory protein SWI4; DNA binding component of the SBF complex (Swi4p-Swi6p); a transcriptional activator that in concert with MBF (Mbp1-Swi6p) regulates late G1-specific transcription of targets including cyclins and genes required for DNA synthesis and repair; Slt2p-independent regulator of cold growth; acetylation at two sites, K1016 and K1066, regulates interaction with Swi6p. (1093 aa) |
| | GLC7 | Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-2; Type 1 S/T protein phosphatase (PP1) catalytic subunit; involved in glycogen metabolism, sporulation and mitotic progression; interacts with multiple regulatory subunits; regulates actomyosin ring formation; subunit of CPF; recruited to mating projections by Afr1p interaction; regulates nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of Hxk2p; import into the nucleus is inhibited during spindle assembly checkpoint arrest; involved in dephosphorylating Rps6a/b and Bnr1p. (312 aa) |
| | RAD24 | Checkpoint protein; involved in the activation of the DNA damage and meiotic pachytene checkpoints; subunit of a clamp loader that loads Rad17p-Mec3p-Ddc1p onto DNA; homolog of human and S. pombe Rad17 protein. (659 aa) |
| | DMC1 | Meiotic recombination protein DMC1; Meiosis-specific recombinase required for double-strand break repair; also required for pairing between homologous chromosomes; required for the normal morphogenesis of synaptonemal complex; homolog of Rad51p and the bacterial RecA protein; binds ssDNA and dsDNA, forms helical filaments; stimulated by Rdh54p. (334 aa) |
| | SMC1 | Structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 1; Subunit of the multiprotein cohesin complex; essential protein involved in chromosome segregation and in double-strand DNA break repair; SMC chromosomal ATPase family member, binds DNA with a preference for DNA with secondary structure; Belongs to the SMC family. SMC1 subfamily. (1225 aa) |
| | HXT10 | Putative hexose transporter; expressed at low levels and expression is repressed by glucose. (546 aa) |
| | RIM15 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase RIM15; Protein kinase involved in cell proliferation in response to nutrients; glucose-repressible; involved in signal transduction during cell proliferation in response to nutrients, specifically the establishment of stationary phase; identified as a regulator of IME2; phosphorylates Igo1p and Igo2p; substrate of Pho80p-Pho85p kinase. (1770 aa) |
| | CDC14 | Tyrosine-protein phosphatase CDC14; Protein phosphatase required for mitotic exit; required for rDNA segregation, cytokinesis, meiosis I spindle disassembly, environmental stress response; held in nucleolus by Cdc55p in early meiosis, liberated by FEAR and Mitotic Exit Network in anaphase, enabling it to effect a decrease in CDK/B-cyclin activity and mitotic exit; sequestered in metaphase II, released upon entry into anaphase II; human homolog CDC14A can complement thermosensitivity of yeast cdc14-1 mutant. (551 aa) |
| | CDC26 | Subunit of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C); which is a ubiquitin-protein ligase required for degradation of anaphase inhibitors, including mitotic cyclins, during the metaphase/anaphase transition; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia; Belongs to the CDC26 family. (124 aa) |
| | MAD1 | Coiled-coil protein involved in spindle-assembly checkpoint; required for inhibition of karyopherin/importin Pse1p (aka Kap121p) upon spindle assembly checkpoint arrest; phosphorylated by Mps1p upon checkpoint activation which leads to inhibition of anaphase promoting complex activity; forms a complex with Mad2p; gene dosage imbalance between MAD1 and MAD2 leads to chromosome instability; Belongs to the MAD1 family. (749 aa) |
| | CDC20 | Activator of anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C); APC/C is required for metaphase/anaphase transition; directs ubiquitination of mitotic cyclins, Pds1p, and other anaphase inhibitors; cell-cycle regulated; potential Cdc28p substrate; relative distribution to the nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress; Belongs to the WD repeat CDC20/Fizzy family. (610 aa) |
| | MCM6 | DNA replication licensing factor MCM6; Protein involved in DNA replication; component of the Mcm2-7 hexameric helicase complex that binds chromatin as a part of the pre-replicative complex; forms a subcomplex with Mcm4p and Mcm7p. (1017 aa) |
| | DOC1 | Anaphase-promoting complex subunit DOC1; Processivity factor; required for the ubiquitination activity of the anaphase promoting complex (APC), mediates the activity of the APC by contributing to substrate recognition; involved in cyclin proteolysis; contains a conserved DOC1 homology domain; Belongs to the APC10 family. (250 aa) |
| | RME1 | Zinc finger protein involved in control of meiosis; prevents meiosis by repressing IME1 expression and promotes mitosis by activating CLN2 expression; directly repressed by a1-alpha2 regulator; mediates cell type control of sporulation; relocalizes from nucleus to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress. (300 aa) |
| | SPR3 | Sporulation-regulated protein 3; Sporulation-specific homolog of the CDC3/10/11/12 family of genes; septin protein involved in sporulation; regulated by ABFI; the yeast CDC3/10/11/12 family is a family of bud neck microfilament genes; Belongs to the TRAFAC class TrmE-Era-EngA-EngB-Septin-like GTPase superfamily. Septin GTPase family. (512 aa) |
| | ESP1 | Separin; Separase, a caspase-like cysteine protease; promotes sister chromatid separation by mediating dissociation of the cohesin Scc1p from chromatin; inhibits protein phosphatase 2A-Cdc55p to promote mitotic exit; inhibited by Pds1p; relative distribution to the nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress. (1630 aa) |
| | CLB1 | G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-1; B-type cyclin involved in cell cycle progression; activates Cdc28p to promote the transition from G2 to M phase; accumulates during G2 and M, then targeted via a destruction box motif for ubiquitin-mediated degradation by the proteasome; CLB1 has a paralog, CLB2, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (471 aa) |
| | CLB6 | S-phase entry cyclin-6; B-type cyclin involved in DNA replication during S phase; activates Cdc28p to promote initiation of DNA synthesis; functions in formation of mitotic spindles along with Clb3p and Clb4p; most abundant during late G1; CLB6 has a paralog, CLB5, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (380 aa) |
| | BUB1 | Protein kinase involved in the cell cycle checkpoint into anaphase; in complex with Mad1p and Bub3p, prevents progression into anaphase in presence of spindle damage; Cdc28p-mediated phosphorylation at Bub1p-T566 is important for degradation in anaphase and adaptation of checkpoint to prolonged mitotic arrest; associates with centromere DNA via Skp1p; involved in Sgo1p relocalization in response to sister kinetochore tension; paralog MAD3 arose from whole genome duplication. (1021 aa) |
| | AMA1 | Meiosis-specific APC/C activator protein AMA1; Activator of meiotic anaphase promoting complex (APC/C); Cdc20p family member; required for initiation of spore wall assembly; required for Clb1p degradation during meiosis; prevents premature assembly of the meiosis I spindle, required for DSB induced prophase I arrest; Belongs to the WD repeat CDC20/Fizzy family. (593 aa) |
| | SPO11 | Meiosis-specific protein that initiates meiotic recombination; initiates meiotic recombination by catalyzing the formation of double-strand breaks in DNA via a transesterification reaction; required for homologous chromosome pairing and synaptonemal complex formation; Belongs to the TOP6A family. (398 aa) |
| | HXT4 | High-affinity glucose transporter; member of the major facilitator superfamily, expression is induced by low levels of glucose and repressed by high levels of glucose; HXT4 has a paralog, HXT7, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (576 aa) |
| | HXT1 | Low-affinity glucose transporter of the major facilitator superfamily; expression is induced by Hxk2p in the presence of glucose and repressed by Rgt1p when glucose is limiting; HXT1 has a paralog, HXT6, what arose from the whole genome duplication; Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Sugar transporter (TC 2.A.1.1) family. (570 aa) |
| | HXT5 | Hexose transporter with moderate affinity for glucose; induced in the presence of non-fermentable carbon sources, induced by a decrease in growth rate, contains an extended N-terminal domain relative to other HXTs; HXT5 has a paralog, HXT3, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (592 aa) |
| | ORC6 | Subunit of the origin recognition complex (ORC); ORC directs DNA replication by binding to replication origins and is also involved in transcriptional silencing; phosphorylated by Cdc28p; mutation in the human Orc6p is linked to Meier-Gorlin syndrome. (435 aa) |
| | NDT80 | Meiosis-specific transcription factor; required for exit from pachytene and for full meiotic recombination; activates middle sporulation genes; competes with Sum1p for binding to promoters containing middle sporulation elements (MSE). (627 aa) |
| | SPO12 | Sporulation-specific protein 12; Nucleolar protein of unknown function; positive regulator of mitotic exit; involved in regulating release of Cdc14p from the nucleolus in early anaphase, may play similar role in meiosis; SPO12 has a paralog, BNS1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (173 aa) |
| | CDC23 | Subunit of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C); APC/C is a ubiquitin-protein ligase required for degradation of anaphase inhibitors, including mitotic cyclins, during the metaphase/anaphase transition. (626 aa) |
| | SSP1 | Sporulation-specific protein 1; Protein involved in the control of meiotic nuclear division; involved in the coordination of meiosis with spore formation; subunit of the leading edge protein (LEP) complex (Ssp1-Ady3-Don1-Irc10) that forms a ring-like structure at the leading edge of the prospore membrane during meiosis II; required for assembly of the leading edge coat and both prospore membrane shaping and organization; transcription is induced midway through meiosis. (571 aa) |
| | IRR1 | Subunit of the cohesin complex; which is required for sister chromatid cohesion during mitosis and meiosis and interacts with centromeres and chromosome arms; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia; essential for viability; Belongs to the SCC3 family. (1150 aa) |
| | HOP1 | Meiosis-specific protein required for chromosome synapsis; displays Red1p dependent localization to the unsynapsed axial-lateral elements of the synaptonemal complex; required for chiasma formation; in vitro, displays the ability to promote intra- and intermolecular synapsis between double-stranded DNA molecules and to fold DNA into rigid protein-DNA filaments. (605 aa) |
| | MND2 | Subunit of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C); necessary for maintaining sister chromatid cohesion in prophase I of meiosis by inhibiting premature ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of substrates by the APC(Ama1) ubiquitin ligase; Belongs to the APC15 family. (368 aa) |
| | CYR1 | Adenylate cyclase; required for cAMP production and cAMP-dependent protein kinase signaling; the cAMP pathway controls a variety of cellular processes, including metabolism, cell cycle, stress response, stationary phase, and sporulation. (2026 aa) |
| | MAD2 | Component of the spindle-assembly checkpoint complex; delays onset of anaphase in cells with defects in mitotic spindle assembly; forms a complex with Mad1p; regulates APC/C activity during prometaphase and metaphase of meiosis I; gene dosage imbalance between MAD1 and MAD2 leads to chromosome instability. (196 aa) |
| | SMC3 | Structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 3; Subunit of the multiprotein cohesin complex; required for sister chromatid cohesion in mitotic cells; also required, with Rec8p, for cohesion and recombination during meiosis; phylogenetically conserved SMC chromosomal ATPase family member. (1230 aa) |
| | IME2 | Serine/threonine protein kinase involved in activation of meiosis; associates with Ime1p and mediates its stability, activates Ndt80p; IME2 expression is positively regulated by Ime1p; human CDK2 can complement ime2 null mutant. (645 aa) |
| | TPK1 | cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit; promotes vegetative growth in response to nutrients via the Ras-cAMP signaling pathway; inhibited by regulatory subunit Bcy1p in the absence of cAMP; phosphorylates and inhibits Whi3p to promote G1/S phase passage; partially redundant with Tpk2p and Tpk3p; phosphorylates pre-Tom40p, which impairs its import into mitochondria under non-respiratory conditions; TPK1 has a paralog, TPK3, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (397 aa) |
| | SWE1 | Mitosis inhibitor protein kinase SWE1; Protein kinase that regulates the G2/M transition; negative regulator of the Cdc28p kinase; morphogenesis checkpoint kinase; positive regulator of sphingolipid biosynthesis via Orm2p; phosphorylates a tyrosine residue in the N-terminus of Hsp90 in a cell-cycle associated manner, thus modulating the ability of Hsp90 to chaperone a selected clientele; localizes to the nucleus and to the daughter side of the mother-bud neck; homolog of S. pombe Wee1p; potential Cdc28p substrate. (819 aa) |
| | CDC6 | Cell division control protein 6; Essential ATP-binding protein required for DNA replication; component of the pre-replicative complex (pre-RC) which requires ORC to associate with chromatin and is in turn required for Mcm2-7p DNA association; homologous to S. pombe Cdc18p; relocalizes from nucleus to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress; degraded in response to plasma membrane stress. (513 aa) |
| | HXT8 | Hexose transporter HXT8; Protein of unknown function with similarity to hexose transporters; expression is induced by low levels of glucose and repressed by high levels of glucose. (569 aa) |
| | HXT9 | Putative hexose transporter that is nearly identical to Hxt11p; has similarity to major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transporters, expression of HXT9 is regulated by transcription factors Pdr1p and Pdr3p; Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Sugar transporter (TC 2.A.1.1) family. (567 aa) |
| | TAH11 | Cell division cycle protein CDT1; DNA replication licensing factor; required for pre-replication complex assembly; Belongs to the Cdt1 family. (604 aa) |
| | TOR1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase TOR1; PIK-related protein kinase and rapamycin target; subunit of TORC1, a complex that controls growth in response to nutrients by regulating translation, transcription, ribosome biogenesis, nutrient transport and autophagy; involved in meiosis; TOR1 has a paralog, TOR2, that arose from the whole genome duplication; Belongs to the PI3/PI4-kinase family. (2470 aa) |
| | IME1 | Meiosis-inducing protein 1; Master regulator of meiosis that is active only during meiotic events; activates transcription of early meiotic genes through interaction with Ume6p; degraded by the 26S proteasome following phosphorylation by Ime2p; transcription is negatively regulated in cis by the IRT1 long noncoding antisense RNA. (360 aa) |
| | HXT16 | Hexose transporter HXT16; Putative transmembrane polyol transporter; supports growth on and uptake of sorbitol with moderate affinity and mannitol with lower affinity when overexpressed in a strain deleted for hexose family members; minor hexose transport activity when overexpressed in a similar strain; similarity to hexose transporters; expression is repressed by high levels of glucose; Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Sugar transporter (TC 2.A.1.1) family. (567 aa) |
| | CDC16 | Subunit of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C); which is a ubiquitin-protein ligase required for degradation of anaphase inhibitors, including mitotic cyclins, during the metaphase/anaphase transition; required for sporulation; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia. (840 aa) |
| | MSN4 | Zinc finger protein MSN4; Stress-responsive transcriptional activator; activated in stochastic pulses of nuclear localization in response to various stress conditions; binds DNA at stress response elements of responsive genes, inducing gene expression; involved in diauxic shift. (630 aa) |
| | TPK3 | cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit; promotes vegetative growth in response to nutrients via the Ras-cAMP signaling pathway; partially redundant with Tpk1p and Tpk2p; localizes to P-bodies during stationary phase; TPK3 has a paralog, TPK1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (398 aa) |
| | TOR2 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase TOR2; PIK-related protein kinase and rapamycin target; subunit of TORC1, a complex that regulates growth in response to nutrients and TORC2, a complex that regulates cell-cycle dependent polarization of the actin cytoskeleton; involved in meiosis; TOR2 has a paralog, TOR1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (2474 aa) |
| | ORC3 | Subunit of the origin recognition complex (ORC); ORC directs DNA replication by binding to replication origins and is also involved in transcriptional silencing; Belongs to the ORC3 family. (616 aa) |
| | SIC1 | Protein SIC1; Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CKI); inhibitor of Cdc28-Clb kinase complexes that controls G1/S phase transition, preventing premature S phase and ensuring genomic integrity; phosphorylated by Clb5/6-Cdk1 and Cln1/2-Cdk1 kinase which regulate timing of Sic1p degradation; phosphorylation targets Sic1p for SCF(CDC4)-dependent turnover; functional homolog of mammalian Kip1. (284 aa) |
| | GAL2 | Galactose permease; required for utilization of galactose; also able to transport glucose; Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Sugar transporter (TC 2.A.1.1) family. (574 aa) |
| | APC9 | Subunit of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C); APC/C is a ubiquitin-protein ligase required for degradation of anaphase inhibitors, including mitotic cyclins, during the metaphase/anaphase transition. (265 aa) |
| | CDC45 | Cell division control protein 45; DNA replication initiation factor; recruited to MCM pre-RC complexes at replication origins; promotes release of MCM from Mcm10p, recruits elongation machinery; binds tightly to ssDNA, which disrupts interaction with the MCM helicase and stalls it during replication stress; mutants in human homolog may cause velocardiofacial and DiGeorge syndromes. (650 aa) |
| | APC2 | Subunit of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C); which is a ubiquitin-protein ligase required for degradation of anaphase inhibitors, including mitotic cyclins, during the metaphase/anaphase transition; component of the catalytic core of the APC/C; has similarity to cullin Cdc53p. (853 aa) |
| | SWI6 | Regulatory protein SWI6; Transcription cofactor; forms complexes with Swi4p and Mbp1p to regulate transcription at the G1/S transition; involved in meiotic gene expression; also binds Stb1p to regulate transcription at START; cell wall stress induces phosphorylation by Mpk1p, which regulates Swi6p localization; required for the unfolded protein response, independently of its known transcriptional coactivators. (803 aa) |
| | CLB4 | G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-4; B-type cyclin involved in cell cycle progression; activates Cdc28p to promote the G2/M transition; may be involved in DNA replication and spindle assembly; accumulates during S phase and G2, then targeted for ubiquitin-mediated degradation; CLB4 has a paralog, CLB3, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (460 aa) |
| | RED1 | Protein component of the synaptonemal complex axial elements; involved in chromosome segregation during the first meiotic division; critical for coupling checkpoint signaling to SC formation; promotes interhomolog recombination by phosphorylating Hop1p; also interacts with Mec3p and Ddc1p. (827 aa) |
| | MCM5 | Minichromosome maintenance protein 5; Component of the Mcm2-7 hexameric helicase complex; MCM complex is important for priming origins of DNA replication in G1 and becomes an active ATP-dependent helicase that promotes DNA melting and elongation when activated by Cdc7p-Dbf4p in S-phase. (775 aa) |
| | MEC3 | DNA damage and meiotic pachytene checkpoint protein; subunit of a heterotrimeric complex (Rad17p-Mec3p-Ddc1p) that forms a sliding clamp, loaded onto partial duplex DNA by a clamp loader complex; homolog of human and S. pombe Hus1. (474 aa) |
| | PPZ1 | Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP-Z1; Serine/threonine protein phosphatase Z, isoform of Ppz2p; involved in regulation of potassium transport, which affects osmotic stability, cell cycle progression, and halotolerance; Belongs to the PPP phosphatase family. PP-Z subfamily. (692 aa) |
| | ORC1 | Largest subunit of the origin recognition complex; involved in directing DNA replication by binding to replication origins; also involved in transcriptional silencing; exhibits ATPase activity; ORC1 has a paralog, SIR3, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (914 aa) |
| | CDC5 | Cell cycle serine/threonine-protein kinase CDC5/MSD2; Polo-like kinase; controls targeting and activation of Rho1p at cell division site via Rho1p guanine nucleotide exchange factors; regulates Spc72p; also functions in adaptation to DNA damage during meiosis; regulates the shape of the nucleus and expansion of the nuclear envelope during mitosis; similar to Xenopus Plx1 and S. pombe Plo1p; human homologs PLK1, PLK3 can each complement yeast cdc5 thermosensitive mutants; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CDC5/Polo subfamily. (705 aa) |
| | HXT2 | High-affinity glucose transporter of the major facilitator superfamily; expression is induced by low levels of glucose and repressed by high levels of glucose; Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Sugar transporter (TC 2.A.1.1) family. (541 aa) |
| | SOK2 | Nuclear protein that negatively regulates pseudohyphal differentiation; plays a regulatory role in the cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKA) signal transduction pathway; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia; SOK2 has a paralog, PHD1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (785 aa) |
| | MSN2 | Zinc finger protein MSN2; Stress-responsive transcriptional activator; activated in stochastic pulses of nuclear localization in response to various stress conditions; binds DNA at stress response elements of responsive genes; relative distribution to nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress. (704 aa) |
| | RIM11 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase RIM11/MSD1; Protein kinase; required for signal transduction during entry into meiosis; promotes the formation of the Ime1p-Ume6p complex by phosphorylating Ime1p and Ume6p; shares similarity with mammalian glycogen synthase kinase 3-beta; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; RIM11 has a paralog, MRK1, that arose from the whole genome duplication; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. GSK-3 subfamily. (370 aa) |
| | RAS2 | Ras-like protein 2; GTP-binding protein; regulates nitrogen starvation response, sporulation, and filamentous growth; farnesylation and palmitoylation required for activity and localization to plasma membrane; homolog of mammalian Ras proto-oncogenes; RAS2 has a paralog, RAS1, that arose from the whole genome duplication; Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Ras family. (322 aa) |
| | APC1 | Largest subunit of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome; APC/C is a ubiquitin-protein ligase required for degradation of anaphase inhibitors, including mitotic cyclins, during the metaphase/anaphase transition; component of the platform domain of the APC/C, based on structural analysis; localizes to nuclear foci that become diffuse upon DNA replication stress; Belongs to the APC1 family. (1748 aa) |
| | ORC5 | Subunit of the origin recognition complex (ORC); ORC directs DNA replication by binding to replication origins and is also involved in transcriptional silencing. (479 aa) |
| | HXT14 | Protein with similarity to hexose transporter family members; expression is induced in low glucose and repressed in high glucose; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies; Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Sugar transporter (TC 2.A.1.1) family. (540 aa) |
| | HXT17 | Hexose transporter HXT17; Putative transmembrane polyol transporter; supports growth on and uptake of mannitol and sorbitol with moderate affinity when overexpressed in a strain deleted for hexose family members; minor hexose transport activity when overexpressed in a similar strain; induced by raffinose and galactose at pH 7.7 versus pH 4.7, repressed by high levels of glucose; HXT17 has a paralog, HXT13, that arose from a segmental duplication; Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Sugar transporter (TC 2.A.1.1) family. (564 aa) |
| | HXT11 | Hexose transporter; capable of transporting a broad range of substrates including: glucose, fructose, mannose and galactose; polyol transporter that supports the growth on and uptake of xylitol with low affinity when overexpressed in a strain deleted for hexose family members; nearly identical in sequence to Hxt9p; has similarity to major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transporters; involved in pleiotropic drug resistance; Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Sugar transporter (TC 2.A.1.1) family. (567 aa) |
| | RTS1 | Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit delta isoform; B-type regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A); Rts1p and Cdc55p are alternative regulatory subunits for PP2A catalytic subunits, Pph21p and Pph22p; PP2A-Rts1p protects cohesin when recruited by Sgo1p to the pericentromere; highly enriched at centromeres in the absence of Cdc55p; required for maintenance of septin ring organization during cytokinesis, for ring disassembly in G1 and for dephosphorylation of septin, Shs1p; homolog of the mammalian B' subunit of PP2A. (757 aa) |
| | SGO1 | Shugoshin; Component of the spindle checkpoint; involved in sensing lack of tension on mitotic chromosomes; protects centromeric Rec8p at meiosis I; required for accurate chromosomal segregation at meiosis II and for mitotic chromosome stability; recruits condensin to the pericentric region of chromosomes during meiosis; dissociates from pericentromeres when sister kinetochores are under tension; Belongs to the shugoshin family. (590 aa) |
| | RAS1 | Ras-like protein 1; GTPase involved in G-protein signaling in adenylate cyclase activation; plays a role in cell proliferation; localized to the plasma membrane; homolog of mammalian RAS proto-oncogenes; relative distribution to the nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress; RAS1 has a paralog, RAS2, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (309 aa) |
| | SLK19 | Kinetochore-associated protein; required for chromosome segregation and kinetochore clustering; required for normal segregation of chromosomes in meiosis and mitosis; component of the FEAR regulatory network, which promotes Cdc14p release from the nucleolus during anaphase; potential Cdc28p substrate. (821 aa) |
| | APC5 | Subunit of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C); APC/C is a ubiquitin-protein ligase required for degradation of anaphase inhibitors, including mitotic cyclins, during the metaphase/anaphase transition; component of the platform domain of the APC/C, based on structural analysis; relative distribution to nuclear foci decreases upon DNA replication stress; Belongs to the APC5 family. (685 aa) |
| | SPS4 | Sporulation-specific protein 4; Protein whose expression is induced during sporulation; not required for sporulation; heterologous expression in E. coli induces the SOS response that senses DNA damage. (338 aa) |
| | MEK1 | Meiosis-specific serine/threonine protein kinase; functions in meiotic checkpoint, promotes recombination between homologous chromosomes by suppressing double strand break repair between sister chromatids; stabilizes Hop1-Thr318 phosphorylation to promote interhomolog recombination and checkpoint responses during meiosis. (497 aa) |
| | RAD17 | Checkpoint protein; involved in the activation of the DNA damage and meiotic pachytene checkpoints; with Mec3p and Ddc1p, forms a clamp that is loaded onto partial duplex DNA; homolog of human and S. pombe Rad1 and U. maydis Rec1 proteins. (401 aa) |
| | RAD53 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase RAD53; DNA damage response protein kinase; required for cell-cycle arrest, regulation of copper genes in response to DNA damage; phosphorylates nuclear pores to counteract gene gating, preventing aberrant transitions at forks approaching transcribed genes; activates downstream kinase Dun1p; differentially senses mtDNA depletion, mitochondrial ROS; relocalizes to cytosol under hypoxia; human homolog CHEK2 implicated in breast cancer can complement yeast null mutant; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CHEK2 subfamily. (821 aa) |
| | PPQ1 | Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PPQ; Protein phosphatase that regulates the mating response; negatively regulates the MAP kinase signaling cascade during mating; member of the serine/threonine phosphatase PP1 family; Belongs to the PPP phosphatase family. PP-Z subfamily. (549 aa) |
| | DDC1 | DNA damage checkpoint protein; part of a PCNA-like complex required for DNA damage response, required for pachytene checkpoint to inhibit cell cycle in response to unrepaired recombination intermediates; potential Cdc28p substrate; forms nuclear foci upon DNA replication stress; Belongs to the DDC1 family. (612 aa) |
| | TPK2 | cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit; promotes vegetative growth in response to nutrients via the Ras-cAMP signaling pathway; partially redundant with Tpk1p and Tpk3p; localizes to P-bodies during stationary phase; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia. (380 aa) |
| | CLN2 | G1/S-specific cyclin CLN2; G1 cyclin involved in regulation of the cell cycle; activates Cdc28p kinase to promote the G1 to S phase transition; late G1 specific expression depends on transcription factor complexes, MBF (Swi6p-Mbp1p) and SBF (Swi6p-Swi4p); CLN2 has a paralog, CLN1, that arose from the whole genome duplication; cell cycle arrest phenotype of the cln1 cln2 cln3 triple null mutant is complemented by any of human cyclins CCNA2, CCNB1, CCNC, CCND1, or CCNE1. (545 aa) |
| | REC8 | Meiotic recombination protein REC8; Meiosis-specific component of the sister chromatid cohesion complex; alpha-kleisin family member that maintains cohesion between sister chromatids during meiosis I; maintains cohesion between centromeres of sister chromatids until meiosis II; independent of its role in sister chromatid cohesion, Rec8p promotes allelic collisions and prevents nonspecific chromosome interactions; homolog of S. pombe Rec8p. (680 aa) |
| | MCM4 | DNA replication licensing factor MCM4; Essential helicase component of heterohexameric MCM2-7 complexes; MCM2-7 complexes bind pre-replication complexes on DNA and melt DNA prior to replication; forms an Mcm4p-6p-7p subcomplex; shows nuclear accumulation in G1; homolog of S. pombe Cdc21p. (933 aa) |
| | CLB5 | S-phase entry cyclin-5; B-type cyclin involved in DNA replication during S phase; activates Cdc28p to promote initiation of DNA synthesis; functions in formation of mitotic spindles along with Clb3p and Clb4p; most abundant during late G1 phase; CLB5 has a paralog, CLB6, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (435 aa) |
| | ORC4 | Subunit of the origin recognition complex (ORC); ORC directs DNA replication by binding to replication origins and is also involved in transcriptional silencing; ORC4 has a paralog, RIF2, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (529 aa) |
