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| | VPS8 | Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 8; Membrane-binding component of the CORVET complex; involved in endosomal vesicle tethering and fusion in the endosome to vacuole protein targeting pathway; interacts with Vps21p; contains RING finger motif. (1274 aa) |
| | SEC17 | Alpha-soluble NSF attachment protein; Alpha-SNAP cochaperone; SNARE-complex adaptor for Sec18 (NSF) during the disassembly of postfusion cis-SNARE complexes; stimulates the ATPase activity of Sec18p; peripheral membrane protein required for vesicular transport between ER and Golgi, the 'priming' step in homotypic vacuole fusion, and autophagy; similar to mammalian alpha-SNAP. (292 aa) |
| | ATG8 | Autophagy-related protein 8; Component of autophagosomes and Cvt vesicles; regulator of Atg1p, targets it to autophagosomes; binds the Atg1p-Atg13p complex, triggering its vacuolar degradation; unique ubiquitin-like protein whose conjugation target is lipid phosphatidylethanolamine (PE); Atg8p-PE is anchored to membranes, is involved in phagophore expansion, and may mediate membrane fusion during autophagosome formation; deconjugation of Atg8p-PE is required for efficient autophagosome biogenesis. (117 aa) |
| | SEC18 | Vesicular-fusion protein SEC18; AAA ATPase and SNARE disassembly chaperone; required for vesicular transport between ER and Golgi, the 'priming' step in homotypic vacuole fusion, autophagy, and protein secretion; releases Sec17p from SNAP complexes; has similarity to mammalian N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF). (758 aa) |
| | VPS15 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase VPS15; Serine/threonine protein kinase involved in vacuolar protein sorting; functions as a membrane-associated complex with Vps34p; active form recruits Vps34p to the Golgi membrane; interacts with the GDP-bound form of Gpa1p; myristoylated; a fraction is localized, with Vps34p, to nuclear pores at nucleus-vacuole junctions and may facilitate transcription elongation for genes positioned at the nuclear periphery. (1454 aa) |
| | ATG14 | Autophagy-related protein 14; Autophagy-specific subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex I; Atg14p targets complex I to the phagophore assembly site (PAS); required for localizing additional ATG proteins to the PAS; required for overflow degradation of misfolded proteins when ERAD is saturated; homolog of human Barkor; other members are Vps34, Vps15, and Vps30p. (344 aa) |
| | CCZ1 | Vacuolar fusion protein CCZ1; Subunit of a heterodimeric guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF); subunit of the Mon1-Ccz1 GEF complex, which stimulates nucleotide exchange and activation of Ypt7p, a Rab family GTPase involved in membrane tethering and fusion events at the late endosome and vacuole; GEF activity is stimulated by membrane association and anionic phospholipids; involved in localizing Ypt7p to the vacuolar membrane; required for macroautophagy, the CVT pathway and mitophagy. (704 aa) |
| | ATG12 | Ubiquitin-like protein ATG12; Ubiquitin-like modifier involved in autophagy and the Cvt pathway; conserved; conjugated to Atg5p to form a complex involved in Atg8p lipidation; Atg5p-Atg12p conjugate enhances E2 activity of Atg3p by rearranging its catalytic site, also forms a complex with Atg16p; the Atg5-Atg12/Atg16 complex binds to membranes and is essential for autophagosome formation. (186 aa) |
| | ATG22 | Autophagy-related protein 22; Vacuolar integral membrane protein required for efflux of amino acids; required for efflux of amino acids during autophagic body breakdown in the vacuole; null mutation causes a gradual loss of viability during starvation; Belongs to the ATG22 family. (528 aa) |
| | ATG15 | Putative lipase ATG15; Phospholipase; preferentially hydrolyses phosphatidylserine, with minor activity against cardiolipin and phosphatidylethanolamine; required for lysis of autophagic and CVT bodies; targeted to intravacuolar vesicles during autophagy via the multivesicular body (MVB) pathway; required for the maintenance of lipid droplet quantity after the diauxic shift; regulates lipolysis; expression regulated by Yap1p during autophagy; Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily. Lipase family. (520 aa) |
| | ARP2 | Actin-related protein 2; Essential component of the Arp2/3 complex; Arp2/3 is a highly conserved actin nucleation center required for the motility and integrity of actin patches; involved in endocytosis and membrane growth and polarity; required for efficient Golgi-to-ER trafficking in COPI mutants. (391 aa) |
| | VAM6 | Vacuolar morphogenesis protein 6; Guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the GTPase Gtr1p; subunit of the HOPS endocytic tethering complex; vacuole membrane protein; functions as a Rab GTPase effector, interacting with both GTP- and GDP-bound conformations of Ypt7p; facilitates tethering and promotes membrane fusion events at the late endosome and vacuole; required for both membrane and protein trafficking; component of vacuole-mitochondrion contacts (vCLAMPs) important for lipid transfer between organelles. (1049 aa) |
| | PPH21 | Catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A); functionally redundant with Pph22p; methylated at C terminus; forms alternate complexes with several regulatory subunits; involved in signal transduction and regulation of mitosis; forms nuclear foci upon DNA replication stress; PPH21 has a paralog, PPH22, that arose from the whole genome duplication; Belongs to the PPP phosphatase family. PP-2A subfamily. (369 aa) |
| | ATG9 | Autophagy-related protein 9; Transmembrane protein involved in forming Cvt and autophagic vesicles; cycles between the phagophore assembly site (PAS) and other cytosolic punctate structures, not found in autophagosomes; may be involved in membrane delivery to the PAS; Belongs to the ATG9 family. (997 aa) |
| | PPH22 | Catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A); functionally redundant with Pph21p; methylated at C terminus; forms alternate complexes with several regulatory subunits; involved in signal transduction and regulation of mitosis; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; dephosphorylates Tel1p/Mec1p-phosphorylated Cdc13p to promote telomerase release from telomeres at G2/M; PPH22 has a paralog, PPH21, that arose from the whole genome duplication; Belongs to the PPP phosphatase family. PP-2A subfamily. (377 aa) |
| | KCS1 | Inositol hexakisphosphate and inositol heptakisphosphate kinase; generation of high energy inositol pyrophosphates by Kcs1p is required for many processes such as vacuolar biogenesis, stress response, RNA polymerase I-mediated rRNA transcription and telomere maintenance; inositol hexakisphosphate is also known as IP6; inositol heptakisphosphate is also known as IP7; Belongs to the inositol phosphokinase (IPK) family. (1050 aa) |
| | ATG31 | Autophagy-related protein 31; Autophagy-specific protein required for autophagosome formation; forms a complex with Atg17p and Atg29p that localizes other proteins to the pre-autophagosomal structure; constitutively phosphorylated, and phosphorylation of residue S174 is required for function; high-copy suppressor of CIK1 deletion. (196 aa) |
| | LCB2 | Component of serine palmitoyltransferase; responsible along with Lcb1p for the first committed step in sphingolipid synthesis, which is the condensation of serine with palmitoyl-CoA to form 3-ketosphinganine; Belongs to the class-II pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. (561 aa) |
| | VPS41 | Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41; Subunit of the HOPS endocytic tethering complex; vacuole membrane protein that functions as a Rab GTPase effector, interacting specifically with the GTP-bound conformation of Ypt7p, facilitating tethering, docking and promoting membrane fusion events at the late endosome and vacuole; required for both membrane and protein trafficking; Yck3p-mediated phosphorylation regulates the organization of vacuolar fusion sites. (992 aa) |
| | ARG82 | Inositol polyphosphate multikinase (IPMK); sequentially phosphorylates Ins(1,4,5)P3 to form Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5; also has diphosphoinositol polyphosphate synthase activity; regulates arginine-, phosphate-, and nitrogen-responsive genes. (355 aa) |
| | UME6 | Transcriptional regulatory protein UME6; Rpd3L histone deacetylase complex subunit; key transcriptional regulator of early meiotic genes; involved in chromatin remodeling and transcriptional repression via DNA looping; binds URS1 upstream regulatory sequence, represses transcription by recruiting conserved histone deacetylase Rpd3p (through co-repressor Sin3p) and chromatin-remodeling factor Isw2p; couples metabolic responses to nutritional cues with initiation and progression of meiosis, forms compl. (836 aa) |
| | GCN2 | eIF-2-alpha kinase GCN2; Protein kinase; phosphorylates the alpha-subunit of translation initiation factor eIF2 (Sui2p) in response to starvation; activated by uncharged tRNAs and the Gcn1p-Gcn20p complex; contributes to DNA damage checkpoint control. (1659 aa) |
| | SNF1 | AMP-activated S/T protein kinase; forms a complex with Snf4p and members of the Sip1p/Sip2p/Gal83p family; required for transcription of glucose-repressed genes, thermotolerance, sporulation, and peroxisome biogenesis; regulates nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of Hxk2p; regulates filamentous growth and acts as a non-canonical GEF, activating Arf3p during invasive growth; SUMOylation by Mms21p inhibits its function and targets Snf1p for destruction via the Slx5-Slx8 Ub ligase. (633 aa) |
| | VPS3 | Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 3; Component of CORVET membrane tethering complex; cytoplasmic protein required for the sorting and processing of soluble vacuolar proteins, acidification of the vacuolar lumen, and assembly of the vacuolar H+-ATPase. (1011 aa) |
| | GCN4 | General control protein GCN4; bZIP transcriptional activator of amino acid biosynthetic genes; activator responds to amino acid starvation; expression is tightly regulated at both the transcriptional and translational levels; Belongs to the bZIP family. GCN4 subfamily. (281 aa) |
| | PRB1 | Cerevisin; Vacuolar proteinase B (yscB) with H3 N-terminal endopeptidase activity; serine protease of the subtilisin family; involved in protein degradation in the vacuole and required for full protein degradation during sporulation; activity inhibited by Pbi2p; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; PRB1 has a paralog, YSP3, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (635 aa) |
| | SAK1 | Upstream serine/threonine kinase for the SNF1 complex; plays a role in pseudohyphal groth; partially redundant with Elm1p and Tos3p; members of this family have functional orthology with LKB1, a mammalian kinase associated with Peutz-Jeghers cancer-susceptibility syndrome; SAK1 has a paralog, TOS3, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (1142 aa) |
| | RIM15 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase RIM15; Protein kinase involved in cell proliferation in response to nutrients; glucose-repressible; involved in signal transduction during cell proliferation in response to nutrients, specifically the establishment of stationary phase; identified as a regulator of IME2; phosphorylates Igo1p and Igo2p; substrate of Pho80p-Pho85p kinase. (1770 aa) |
| | ATG18 | Autophagy-related protein 18; Phosphoinositide binding protein; required for vesicle formation in autophagy and the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway; binds both phosphatidylinositol (3,5)-bisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate; WD-40 repeat protein; relocalizes from vacuole to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress; has 4 mammalian homologs WIPI1, WIPI2, WIPI3 and WIPI4/WDR45; mutations in human WDR45 cause static encephalopathy of childhood with neurodegeneration in adulthood. (500 aa) |
| | VPS45 | Protein of the Sec1p/Munc-18 family; essential for vacuolar protein sorting; required for the function of Pep12p and the early endosome/late Golgi SNARE Tlg2p; essential for fusion of Golgi-derived vesicles with the prevacuolar compartment. (577 aa) |
| | MON1 | Vacuolar fusion protein MON1; Subunit of a heterodimeric guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF); subunit of the Mon1-Ccz1 GEF complex which stimulates nucleotide exchange and activation of Ypt7p, a Rab family GTPase involved in membrane tethering and fusion events at the late endosome and vacuole; GEF activity is stimulated by membrane association and anionic phospholipids; role in localizing Ypt7p to the vacuolar membrane; required for autophagy, the CVT pathway and mitophagy; potential Cdc28 substrate; Belongs to the MON1/SAND family. (644 aa) |
| | TOS3 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase TOS3; Protein kinase; related to and functionally redundant with Elm1p and Sak1p for the phosphorylation and activation of Snf1p; functionally orthologous to LKB1, a mammalian kinase associated with Peutz-Jeghers cancer-susceptibility syndrome; TOS3 has a paralog, SAK1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (560 aa) |
| | ATG1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATG1; Protein serine/threonine kinase; required for vesicle formation in autophagy and the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway; structurally required for phagophore assembly site formation; during autophagy forms a complex with Atg13p and Atg17p; essential for cell cycle progression from G2/M to G1 under nitrogen starvation. (897 aa) |
| | VAM7 | Vacuolar SNARE protein; functions with Vam3p in vacuolar protein trafficking; has an N-terminal PX domain (phosphoinositide-binding module) that binds PtdIns-3-P and mediates membrane binding; SNAP-25 homolog; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress. (316 aa) |
| | SLT2 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase SLT2/MPK1; Serine/threonine MAP kinase; coordinates expression of all 19S regulatory particle assembly-chaperones (RACs) to control proteasome abundance; involved in regulating maintenance of cell wall integrity, cell cycle progression, nuclear mRNA retention in heat shock, septum assembly; required for mitophagy, pexophagy; affects recruitment of mitochondria to phagophore assembly site; plays role in adaptive response of cells to cold; regulated by the PKC1-mediated signaling pathway; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kin [...] (484 aa) |
| | PCL5 | PHO85 cyclin-5; Cyclin; interacts with and phosphorylated by Pho85p cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk), induced by Gcn4p at level of transcription, specifically required for Gcn4p degradation, may be sensor of cellular protein biosynthetic capacity; Belongs to the cyclin family. PCL1,2 subfamily. (229 aa) |
| | ATG7 | Ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7; Autophagy-related protein and dual specificity member of the E1 family; mediates the attachment of Atg12p to Atg5p and Atg8p to phosphatidylethanolamine which are required steps in autophagosome formation; E1 enzymes are also known as ubiquitin-activating enzymes; involved in methionine restriction extension of chronological lifespan in an autophagy-dependent manner; Belongs to the ATG7 family. (630 aa) |
| | KOG1 | Subunit of TORC1; TORC1 is a rapamycin-sensitive complex involved in growth control that contains Tor1p or Tor2p, Lst8p and Tco89p; contains four HEAT repeats and seven WD-40 repeats; may act as a scaffold protein to couple TOR and its effectors; Belongs to the WD repeat RAPTOR family. (1557 aa) |
| | SCH9 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase SCH9; AGC family protein kinase; functional ortholog of mammalian S6 kinase; phosphorylated by Tor1p and required for TORC1-mediated regulation of ribosome biogenesis, translation initiation, and entry into G0 phase; involved in transactivation of osmostress-responsive genes; regulates G1 progression, cAPK activity and nitrogen activation of the FGM pathway; integrates nutrient signals and stress signals from sphingolipids to regulate lifespan. (824 aa) |
| | TPK1 | cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit; promotes vegetative growth in response to nutrients via the Ras-cAMP signaling pathway; inhibited by regulatory subunit Bcy1p in the absence of cAMP; phosphorylates and inhibits Whi3p to promote G1/S phase passage; partially redundant with Tpk2p and Tpk3p; phosphorylates pre-Tom40p, which impairs its import into mitochondria under non-respiratory conditions; TPK1 has a paralog, TPK3, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (397 aa) |
| | ATG27 | Autophagy-related protein 27; Type I membrane protein involved in autophagy and the Cvt pathway; may be involved in membrane delivery to the phagophore assembly site; Belongs to the ATG27 family. (271 aa) |
| | SUI2 | Alpha subunit of the translation initiation factor eIF2; eIF2 is involved in identification of the start codon; phosphorylation of Ser51 is required for regulation of translation by inhibiting the exchange of GDP for GTP; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress. (304 aa) |
| | ARP3 | Actin-related protein 3; Essential component of the Arp2/3 complex; Arp2/3 is a highly conserved actin nucleation center required for the motility and integrity of actin patches; involved in endocytosis and membrane growth and polarity. (449 aa) |
| | TOR1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase TOR1; PIK-related protein kinase and rapamycin target; subunit of TORC1, a complex that controls growth in response to nutrients by regulating translation, transcription, ribosome biogenesis, nutrient transport and autophagy; involved in meiosis; TOR1 has a paralog, TOR2, that arose from the whole genome duplication; Belongs to the PI3/PI4-kinase family. (2470 aa) |
| | YMR1 | Phosphoinositide 3-phosphatase; Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P) phosphatase; involved in various protein sorting pathways, including CVT targeting and endosome to vacuole transport; has similarity to the conserved myotubularin dual specificity phosphatase family; Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Non- receptor class myotubularin subfamily. (688 aa) |
| | ELM1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase ELM1; Serine/threonine protein kinase; regulates the orientation checkpoint, the morphogenesis checkpoint and the metabolic switch from fermentative to oxidative metabolism by phosphorylating the activation loop of Kin4p, Hsl1p and Snf4p respectively; cooperates with Hsl7p in recruiting Hsl1p to the septin ring, a prerequisite for subsequent recruitment, phosphorylation, and degradation of Swe1p; forms part of the bud neck ring; regulates cytokinesis. (640 aa) |
| | MSN4 | Zinc finger protein MSN4; Stress-responsive transcriptional activator; activated in stochastic pulses of nuclear localization in response to various stress conditions; binds DNA at stress response elements of responsive genes, inducing gene expression; involved in diauxic shift. (630 aa) |
| | AVT3 | Vacuolar transporter; exports large neutral amino acids from the vacuole; member of a family of seven S. cerevisiae genes (AVT1-7) related to vesicular GABA-glycine transporters. (692 aa) |
| | TPK3 | cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit; promotes vegetative growth in response to nutrients via the Ras-cAMP signaling pathway; partially redundant with Tpk1p and Tpk2p; localizes to P-bodies during stationary phase; TPK3 has a paralog, TPK1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (398 aa) |
| | YKT6 | Synaptobrevin homolog YKT6; Vesicle membrane protein (v-SNARE) with acyltransferase activity; involved in trafficking to and within the Golgi, endocytic trafficking to the vacuole, and vacuolar fusion; membrane localization due to prenylation at the carboxy-terminus; human homolog YKT6 can complement yeast ykt6 mutant; Belongs to the synaptobrevin family. (200 aa) |
| | TOR2 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase TOR2; PIK-related protein kinase and rapamycin target; subunit of TORC1, a complex that regulates growth in response to nutrients and TORC2, a complex that regulates cell-cycle dependent polarization of the actin cytoskeleton; involved in meiosis; TOR2 has a paralog, TOR1, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (2474 aa) |
| | ATG10 | Ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG10; Conserved E2-like conjugating enzyme; mediates formation of the Atg12p-Atg5p conjugate, which is a critical step in autophagy; Belongs to the ATG10 family. (167 aa) |
| | PEP3 | Component of CORVET membrane tethering complex; vacuolar peripheral membrane protein that promotes vesicular docking/fusion reactions in conjunction with SNARE proteins, required for vacuolar biogenesis. (918 aa) |
| | ATG38 | Autophagy-related protein 38; Homodimeric subunit of autophagy-specific PtdIns-3-kinase complex I; required for the integrity of the active PtdIns-3-kinase complex I by maintaining an association between Vps15p-Vps34p and Atg14p-Vps30p subcomplexes; localizes to the pre-autophagosomal structure (PAS) in an Atg14p-dependent manner; ATG38 is non-essential but is required for macroautophagy. (226 aa) |
| | VPS34 | Phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase that synthesizes PI-3-phosphate; forms membrane-associated signal transduction complex with Vps15p to regulate protein sorting; activated by the GTP-bound form of Gpa1p; a fraction is localized, with Vps15p, to nuclear pores at nucleus-vacuole junctions and may facilitate transcription elongation for genes positioned at the nuclear periphery; Belongs to the PI3/PI4-kinase family. (875 aa) |
| | VPS33 | Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33; ATP-binding protein that is a subunit of the HOPS and CORVET complexes; essential for protein sorting, vesicle docking, and fusion at the vacuole; binds to SNARE domains. (691 aa) |
| | ATG17 | Autophagy-related protein 17; Scaffold protein responsible for phagophore assembly site organization; regulatory subunit of an autophagy-specific complex that includes Atg1p and Atg13p; stimulates Atg1p kinase activity; human ortholog RB1CC1/FIP200 interacts with p53, which inhibits autophagy in human cells. (417 aa) |
| | ATG23 | Autophagy-related protein 23; Peripheral membrane protein required for autophagy and CVT; required for cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway and efficient macroautophagy; cycles between the phagophore assembly site (PAS) and non-PAS locations; forms a complex with Atg9p and Atg27p; Belongs to the ATG23 family. (453 aa) |
| | YPT7 | Rab family GTPase; GTP-binding protein of the rab family; required for homotypic fusion event in vacuole inheritance, for endosome-endosome fusion; localizes to sites of contact between the vacuole and mitochondria (vCLAMPs); interacts with the cargo selection/retromer complex for retrograde sorting; similar to mammalian Rab7. (208 aa) |
| | TAP42 | Type 2A phosphatase-associated protein 42; Essential protein involved in the TOR signaling pathway; physically associates with the protein phosphatase 2A and the SIT4 protein phosphatase catalytic subunits; Belongs to the IGBP1/TAP42 family. (366 aa) |
| | MSN2 | Zinc finger protein MSN2; Stress-responsive transcriptional activator; activated in stochastic pulses of nuclear localization in response to various stress conditions; binds DNA at stress response elements of responsive genes; relative distribution to nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress. (704 aa) |
| | ATG16 | Conserved protein involved in autophagy; interacts with Atg12p-Atg5p conjugates to form Atg12p-Atg5p-Atg16p multimers, which binds to membranes and localizes to the pre-autophagosomal structure and are required for autophagy; relocalizes from nucleus to cytoplasmic foci upon DNA replication stress. (150 aa) |
| | VTI1 | t-SNARE VTI1; Protein involved in cis-Golgi membrane traffic; v-SNARE that interacts with two t-SNARES, Sed5p and Pep12p; required for multiple vacuolar sorting pathways; human homolog VTI1A can complement yeast null mutant; Belongs to the VTI1 family. (217 aa) |
| | PEP5 | Histone E3 ligase, component of CORVET membrane tethering complex; peripheral vacuolar membrane protein required for protein trafficking and vacuole biogenesis; interacts with Pep7p; involved in ubiquitination and degradation of excess histones; Belongs to the VPS11 family. (1029 aa) |
| | LCB1 | Component of serine palmitoyltransferase; responsible along with Lcb2p for the first committed step in sphingolipid synthesis, which is the condensation of serine with palmitoyl-CoA to form 3-ketosphinganine. (558 aa) |
| | LST8 | Target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8; Protein required for the transport of Gap1p; required for the transport of amino acid permease Gap1p from the Golgi to the cell surface; component of the TOR signaling pathway; associates with both Tor1p and Tor2p; contains a WD-repeat. (303 aa) |
| | RAS2 | Ras-like protein 2; GTP-binding protein; regulates nitrogen starvation response, sporulation, and filamentous growth; farnesylation and palmitoylation required for activity and localization to plasma membrane; homolog of mammalian Ras proto-oncogenes; RAS2 has a paralog, RAS1, that arose from the whole genome duplication; Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Ras family. (322 aa) |
| | AVT4 | Vacuolar transporter; exports large neutral amino acids from the vacuole; member of a family of seven S. cerevisiae genes (AVT1-7) related to vesicular GABA-glycine transporters; localizes to sites of contact between the vacuole and mitochondria (vCLAMPs). (713 aa) |
| | ATG4 | Conserved cysteine protease required for autophagy; cleaves Atg8p to a form required for autophagosome and Cvt vesicle generation. (494 aa) |
| | ATG2 | Autophagy-related protein 2; Peripheral membrane protein required for autophagic vesicle formation; also required for vesicle formation during pexophagy and the cytoplasm-to-vaucole targeting (Cvt) pathway; involved in Atg9p cycling between the phagophore assembly site and mitochondria; contains an APT1 domain that binds phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; essential for cell cycle progression from G2/M to G1 under nitrogen starvation; forms cytoplasmic foci upon DNA replication stress. (1592 aa) |
| | ATG3 | Autophagy-related protein 3; E2-like enzyme; involved in autophagy and cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway; plays a role in formation of Atg8p-phosphatidylethanolamine conjugates, which are involved in membrane dynamics during autophagy and Cvt; interaction with Atg8p regulated by acetylation by NuA4 histone acetyltransferase Esa1p while attenuation of Atg3 acetylation is mediated by histone deacetylase Rpd3p; Atg12p-Atg5p conjugate enhances E2 activity of Atg3p by rearranging its catalytic site. (310 aa) |
| | YSP3 | Putative precursor of the subtilisin-like protease III; SWAT-GFP and mCherry fusion proteins localize to the endoplasmic reticulum; YSP3 has a paralog, PRB1, that arose from the whole genome duplication; Belongs to the peptidase S8 family. (478 aa) |
| | RAS1 | Ras-like protein 1; GTPase involved in G-protein signaling in adenylate cyclase activation; plays a role in cell proliferation; localized to the plasma membrane; homolog of mammalian RAS proto-oncogenes; relative distribution to the nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress; RAS1 has a paralog, RAS2, that arose from the whole genome duplication. (309 aa) |
| | VAM3 | Syntaxin-like vacuolar t-SNARE; functions with Vam7p in vacuolar protein trafficking; mediates docking/fusion of late transport intermediates with the vacuole; has an acidic di-leucine sorting signal and C-terminal transmembrane region. (283 aa) |
| | PHO85 | Cyclin-dependent kinase; has ten cyclin partners; involved in regulating the cellular response to nutrient levels and environmental conditions and progression through the cell cycle; human lissencephaly-associated homolog CDK5 functionally complements null mutation; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CDC2/CDKX subfamily. (305 aa) |
| | VPS16 | Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 16; Subunit of the HOPS and the CORVET complexes; part of the Class C Vps complex essential for membrane docking and fusion at Golgi-to-endosome and endosome-to-vacuole protein transport stages. (798 aa) |
| | ATG21 | Autophagy-related protein 21; Phosphoinositide binding protein; required for vesicle formation in the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway; binds both phosphatidylinositol (3,5)-bisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate; WD-40 repeat protein. (496 aa) |
| | VPS30 | Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 30; Subunit of phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) 3-kinase complexes I and II; Complex I is essential in autophagy, Complex II is required for vacuolar protein sorting; required for overflow degradation of misfolded proteins when ERAD is saturated; C-terminus has novel globular fold essential for autophagy through the targeting of the PI3-kinase complex I to the pre-autophagosomal structure; ortholog of higher eukaryote gene Beclin 1; human BECN1 can complement yeast null mutant. (557 aa) |
| | ATG5 | Autophagy protein 5; Conserved protein involved in autophagy and the Cvt pathway; undergoes conjugation with Atg12p to form a complex involved in Atg8p lipidation; Atg5p-Atg12p conjugate enhances E2 activity of Atg3 by rearranging its catalytic site, also forms a complex with Atg16p; the Atg5-Atg12/Atg16 complex binds to membranes and is essential for autophagosome formation; also involved in methionine restriction extension of chronological lifespan in an autophagy-dependent manner. (294 aa) |
| | PEP4 | Saccharopepsin; Vacuolar aspartyl protease (proteinase A); required for posttranslational precursor maturation of vacuolar proteinases; important for protein turnover after oxidative damage; plays a protective role in acetic acid induced apoptosis; synthesized as a zymogen, self-activates. (405 aa) |
| | ATG29 | Autophagy-related protein 29; Autophagy-specific protein; required for recruiting other ATG proteins to the pre-autophagosomal structure (PAS); interacts with Atg17p and localizas to the PAS in a manner interdependent with Atg17p and Cis1p; not conserved; relocalizes from nucleus to cytoplasmic foci upon DNA replication stress; Belongs to the ATG29 family. (213 aa) |
| | TPK2 | cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit; promotes vegetative growth in response to nutrients via the Ras-cAMP signaling pathway; partially redundant with Tpk1p and Tpk3p; localizes to P-bodies during stationary phase; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia. (380 aa) |
| | TIP41 | Type 2A phosphatase activator TIP41; Protein that interacts with Tap42p, which regulates PP2A; component of the TOR (target of rapamycin) signaling pathway; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress. (356 aa) |
| | ATG11 | Autophagy-related protein 11; Adapter protein for pexophagy and the Cvt targeting pathway; directs receptor-bound cargo to the phagophore assembly site (PAS) for packaging into vesicles; required for recruiting other proteins to the PAS; recruits Dnm1p to facilitate fission of mitochondria that are destined for removal by mitophagy; Belongs to the ATG11 family. (1178 aa) |
| | ATG13 | Autophagy-related protein 13; Regulatory subunit of the Atg1p signaling complex; stimulates Atg1p kinase activity; required for vesicle formation during autophagy and the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway; contains a HORMA domain required for autophagy and for recruitment of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex subunit Atg14p to the pre-autophagosomal structure; Belongs to the ATG13 family. Fungi subfamily. (738 aa) |
