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| | nlpE | Lipoprotein involved with copper homeostasis and adhesion; Involved in copper homeostasis, could be involved in both copper efflux and the delivery of copper to copper-dependent enzymes. Required for efficient binding of stationary phase cells to hydrophobic surfaces, part of the process of biofilm formation. Functions during envelope stress responses; when overproduced induces degP through the activation of the two-component envelope stress response system CpxA/CpxR. DegP induction seems to require membrane anchoring of this protein. Structural changes and/or interaction of the CXXC m [...] (236 aa) |
| | rcsF | Putative outer membrane protein; Essential component of the Rcs signaling system, which controls transcription of numerous genes. Plays a role in signal transduction from the cell surface to the histidine kinase RcsC. May detect outer membrane defects. The system controls expression of genes involved in colanic acid capsule synthesis, biofilm formation and cell division. Belongs to the RcsF family. (134 aa) |
| | yahA | c-di-GMP-specific phosphodiesterase; Acts both as an enzyme and as a c-di-GMP sensor to couple transcriptional activity to the c-di-GMP status of the cell. Phosphodiesterase (PDE) that catalyzes the hydrolysis of cyclic-di-GMP (c-di-GMP) to 5'-pGpG. Also acts as a transcription factor to control its own expression. (362 aa) |
| | yaiC | Diguanylate cyclase, cellulose regualtor; A probable diguanylate cyclase. The last member of a cascade of expressed proteins, its expression requires DgcM. DgcC production induces biosynthesis of cellulose in some E.coli isolates, but not in K12 strains. Cyclic-di-GMP is a second messenger which controls cell surface-associated traits in bacteria. (371 aa) |
| | ylaB | Putative membrane-anchored cyclic-di-GMP phosphodiesterase; Phosphodiesterase (PDE) that catalyzes the hydrolysis of cyclic-di-GMP (c-di-GMP) to 5'-pGpG. (516 aa) |
| | sfmZ | Response regulator family protein; Fimbrial Z protein; probable signal transducer; Protein involved in transcription activator activity and transcription. (210 aa) |
| | yliE | Putative membrane-anchored cyclic-di-GMP phosphodiesterase; Phosphodiesterase (PDE) that catalyzes the hydrolysis of cyclic-di-GMP (c-di-GMP) to 5'-pGpG (By similarity). Overexpression reduces biofilm formation. Cyclic-di-GMP is a second messenger which controls cell surface-associated traits in bacteria. (782 aa) |
| | yliF | Putative membrane-anchored diguanylate cyclase; Catalyzes the synthesis of cyclic-di-GMP (c-di-GMP) via the condensation of 2 GTP molecules. (442 aa) |
| | ycdT | Diguanylate cyclase, membrane-anchored; Probably catalyzes the synthesis of cyclic-di-GMP (c-di-GMP) via the condensation of 2 GTP molecules. Overexpression leads to a strong repression of swimming; swimming returns to normal when residues 359-360 are both mutated to Ala. Overexpression also leads to a 20-fold increase in c-di-GMP levels in vivo. Cyclic-di-GMP is a second messenger which controls cell surface-associated traits in bacteria. (452 aa) |
| | ymdA | Uncharacterized protein. (103 aa) |
| | flgN | Export chaperone for FlgK and FlgL; Required for the efficient initiation of filament assembly. (138 aa) |
| | flgM | Anti-sigma factor for FliA (sigma 28); Responsible for the coupling of flagellin expression to flagellar assembly by preventing expression of the flagellin genes when a component of the middle class of proteins is defective. It negatively regulates flagellar genes by inhibiting the activity of FliA by directly binding to FliA; Belongs to the FlgM family. (97 aa) |
| | flgA | Assembly protein for flagellar basal-body periplasmic P ring; Involved in the assembly process of the P-ring formation. It may associate with FlgF on the rod constituting a structure essential for the P-ring assembly or may act as a modulator protein for the P- ring assembly; Belongs to the FlgA family. (219 aa) |
| | flgB | Flagellar component of cell-proximal portion of basal-body rod; Structural component of flagellum, the bacterial motility apparatus. Part of the rod structure of flagellar basal body (By similarity). (138 aa) |
| | flgC | Flagellar biosynthesis, cell-proximal portion of basal-body rod; Protein involved in flagellum assembly and taxis. (134 aa) |
| | flgD | Flagellar hook assembly protein; Required for flagellar hook formation. May act as a scaffolding protein. (231 aa) |
| | flgE | Flagellar biosynthesis, hook protein; Protein involved in flagellum assembly and taxis. (402 aa) |
| | flgF | Flagellar biosynthesis, cell-proximal portion of basal-body rod; Protein involved in flagellum assembly and taxis. (251 aa) |
| | flgG | Flagellar biosynthesis, cell-distal portion of basal-body rod; Protein involved in flagellum assembly and taxis. (260 aa) |
| | flgH | Flagellar protein of basal-body outer-membrane L ring; Assembles around the rod to form the L-ring and probably protects the motor/basal body from shearing forces during rotation. (232 aa) |
| | flgI | Putative flagellar basal body protein; Assembles around the rod to form the L-ring and probably protects the motor/basal body from shearing forces during rotation. (365 aa) |
| | flgJ | Flagellar rod assembly protein and murein hydrolase; Flagellum-specific muramidase which hydrolyzes the peptidoglycan layer to assemble the rod structure in the periplasmic space; In the C-terminal section; belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 73 family. (313 aa) |
| | flgK | Flagellar biosynthesis, hook-filament junction protein 1; Protein involved in flagellum assembly, protein folding and taxis; Belongs to the flagella basal body rod proteins family. (547 aa) |
| | flgL | Flagellar biosynthesis; hook-filament junction protein; Protein involved in flagellum assembly, protein folding and taxis. (317 aa) |
| | ycgG | Putative membrane-anchored cyclic-di-GMP phosphodiesterase; Phosphodiesterase (PDE) that catalyzes the hydrolysis of cyclic-di-GMP (c-di-GMP) to 5'-pGpG. (507 aa) |
| | ycgR | Flagellar velocity braking protein, c-di-GMP-regulated; Acts as a flagellar brake, regulating swimming and swarming in a bis-(3'-5') cyclic diguanylic acid (c-di-GMP)-dependent manner. When bound to c-di-GMP it binds to elements of the flagellar motor (MotA and/or FliG and FliM , binding to FliM also occurs in the absence of c-di-GMP), causing the motor to slow down. Thus, increasing levels of c-di-GMP lead to decreased motility. Probably binds 1 c-di-GMP dimer per subunit. (244 aa) |
| | narL | Response regulator in two-component regulatory system with NarX; This protein activates the expression of the nitrate reductase (narGHJI) and formate dehydrogenase-N (fdnGHI) operons and represses the transcription of the fumarate reductase (frdABCD) operon in response to a nitrate/nitrite induction signal transmitted by either the NarX or NarQ proteins. (216 aa) |
| | narX | Sensory histidine kinase in two-component regulatory system with NarL; Acts as a sensor for nitrate/nitrite and transduces signal of nitrate availability to the NarL protein and of both nitrate/nitrite to the NarP protein. NarX probably activates NarL and NarP by phosphorylation in the presence of nitrate. NarX also plays a negative role in controlling NarL activity, probably through dephosphorylation in the absence of nitrate. (598 aa) |
| | gmr | cyclic-di-GMP phosphodiesterase; Part of a signaling cascade that regulates curli biosynthesis. The cascade is composed of two cyclic-di-GMP (c-di-GMP) control modules, in which c-di-GMP controlled by the DgcE/PdeH pair (module I) regulates the activity of the DgcM/PdeR pair (module II), which in turn regulates activity of the transcription factor MlrA and expression of the master biofilm regulator csgD. PdeR acts as a trigger enzyme that connects modules I and II. It inhibits DgcM and MlrA by direct interaction. Inhibition is relieved when PdeR binds and degrades c-di-GMP generated by [...] (661 aa) |
| | ydaM | Diguanylate cyclase, csgD regulator; Part of a signaling cascade that regulates curli biosynthesis. The cascade is composed of two cyclic-di-GMP (c-di-GMP) control modules, in which c-di-GMP controlled by the DgcE/PdeH pair (module I) regulates the activity of the DgcM/PdeR pair (module II), which in turn regulates activity of the transcription factor MlrA and expression of the master biofilm regulator csgD. DgcM stimulates activity of MlrA by direct interaction, leading to the transcription of csgD. It also catalyzes the synthesis of c-di-GMP via the condensation of 2 GTP molecules, w [...] (410 aa) |
| | dosP | Oxygen sensor, c-di-GMP phosphodiesterase, heme-regulated; Heme-based oxygen sensor protein displaying phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity toward c-di-GMP in response to oxygen availability. Involved in the modulation of intracellular c-di-GMP levels, in association with DosC which catalyzes the biosynthesis of c-di-GMP (diguanylate cyclase activity). Cyclic-di-GMP is a second messenger which controls cell surface-associated traits in bacteria. Has very poor PDE activity on cAMP but is not active with cGMP, bis(p-nitrophenyl) phosphate or p-nitrophenyl phosphate. Via its PDE activity on [...] (799 aa) |
| | dosC | Diguanylate cyclase, cold- and stationary phase-induced oxygen-dependent biofilm regulator; Globin-coupled heme-based oxygen sensor protein displaying diguanylate cyclase (DGC) activity in response to oxygen availability. Thus, catalyzes the synthesis of cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) via the condensation of 2 GTP molecules. Is involved in the modulation of intracellular c-di-GMP levels, in association with DosP which catalyzes the degradation of c-di-GMP (PDE activity). Cyclic-di-GMP is a second messenger which controls cell surface-associated traits in bacteria. DosC regulates biofilm [...] (460 aa) |
| | yneF | Putative membrane-bound diguanylate cyclase; Catalyzes the synthesis of cyclic-di-GMP (c-di-GMP) via the condensation of 2 GTP molecules. (315 aa) |
| | dgcZ | Diguanylate cyclase, zinc-sensing; Catalyzes the synthesis of cyclic-di-GMP (c-di-GMP) via the condensation of 2 GTP molecules. May act as a zinc sensor that controls, via c-di-GMP, post-translational events. Overexpression leads to a strong repression of swimming; swimming returnes to normal when residues 206-207 are both mutated to Ala. Overexpression also leads to a reduction in flagellar abundance and a 20-fold increase in c-di-GMP levels in vivo. Required for aminoglycoside-mediated induction of biofilm formation, it also plays a lesser role in biofilm production in response to ot [...] (296 aa) |
| | rstA | Response regulator of RstAB two-component system; Member of the two-component regulatory system RstB/RstA. (239 aa) |
| | rstB | Sensory histidine kinase of RstAB two-component system; Member of the two-component regulatory system RstB/RstA. RstB functions as a membrane-associated protein kinase that phosphorylates RstA (Probable). (433 aa) |
| | tus | Inhibitor of replication at Ter, DNA-binding protein; Trans-acting protein required for termination of DNA replication. Binds to DNA replication terminator sequences (terA to terF) to prevent the passage of replication forks. The termination efficiency will be affected by the affinity of this protein for the terminator sequence. (309 aa) |
| | ydiV | anti-FlhD4C2 factor, inactive EAL family phosphodiesterase; Upon overexpression acts as a novel anti-FlhC(2)FlhD(4) factor, decreasing its DNA-binding activity, able to negatively regulate expression of flagellar class II operons including FliC. (237 aa) |
| | ynjH | DUF1496 family protein. (90 aa) |
| | yeaI | Putative membrane-anchored diguanylate cyclase; Catalyzes the synthesis of cyclic-di-GMP (c-di-GMP) via the condensation of 2 GTP molecules. (491 aa) |
| | yeaJ | Putative diguanylate cyclase; Catalyzes the synthesis of cyclic-di-GMP (c-di-GMP) via the condensation of 2 GTP molecules. (496 aa) |
| | yeaP | Diguanylate cyclase; Catalyzes the synthesis of cyclic-di-GMP (c-di-GMP) via the condensation of 2 GTP molecules. Cyclic-di-GMP is a second messenger which controls cell surface-associated traits in bacteria. (341 aa) |
| | yoaD | Putative membrane-anchored cyclic-di-GMP phosphodiesterase, regulator of cellulose production; Phosphodiesterase (PDE) that catalyzes the hydrolysis of cyclic-di-GMP (c-di-GMP) to 5'-pGpG (By similarity). May serve as a negative regulator of cellulose synthesis (as has been suggested for S.typhimurium); overexpression inhibits cell aggregation in strains able to produce adhesive curli fimbriae. Cyclic-di-GMP is a second messenger which controls cell surface-associated traits in bacteria. (532 aa) |
| | flhE | Proton seal during flagellar secretion; Not essential for flagellar formation and function. (130 aa) |
| | flhA | Putative flagellar export pore protein; Required for formation of the rod structure of the flagellar apparatus. Together with FliI and FliH, may constitute the export apparatus of flagellin; Belongs to the FHIPEP (flagella/HR/invasion proteins export pore) family. (692 aa) |
| | flhB | Flagellin export apparatus, substrate specificity protein; Required for formation of the rod structure in the basal body of the flagellar apparatus. Together with FliI and FliH, may constitute the export apparatus of flagellin; Belongs to the type III secretion exporter family. (382 aa) |
| | cheZ | Chemotaxis regulator, protein phosphatase for CheY; Plays an important role in bacterial chemotaxis signal transduction pathway by accelerating the dephosphorylation of phosphorylated CheY (CheY-P); Belongs to the CheZ family. (214 aa) |
| | cheY | Chemotaxis regulator transmitting signal to flagellar motor component; Involved in the transmission of sensory signals from the chemoreceptors to the flagellar motors. In its active (phosphorylated or acetylated) form, CheY exhibits enhanced binding to a switch component, FliM, at the flagellar motor which induces a change from counterclockwise to clockwise flagellar rotation. Overexpression of CheY in association with MotA and MotB improves motility of a ycgR disruption, suggesting there is an interaction (direct or indirect) between the c-di-GMP-binding flagellar brake protein and th [...] (129 aa) |
| | cheB | Protein-glutamate methylesterase/protein-glutamine glutaminase; Involved in chemotaxis. Part of a chemotaxis signal transduction system that modulates chemotaxis in response to various stimuli. Catalyzes the demethylation of specific methylglutamate residues introduced into the chemoreceptors (methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins or MCP) by CheR. Also mediates the irreversible deamidation of specific glutamine residues to glutamic acid. Catalyzes its own deactivation by removing the activating phosphoryl group. Belongs to the CheB family. (349 aa) |
| | cheR | Chemotaxis regulator, protein-glutamate methyltransferase; Methylation of the membrane-bound methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCP) to form gamma-glutamyl methyl ester residues in MCP. (286 aa) |
| | tap | Methyl-accepting protein IV; Mediates taxis toward dipeptides via an interaction with the periplasmic dipeptide-binding protein. (533 aa) |
| | tar | Methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein II; Receptor for the attractant L-aspartate and related amino and dicarboxylic acids. Tar also mediates taxis to the attractant maltose via an interaction with the periplasmic maltose binding protein. Tar mediates taxis away from the repellents cobalt and nickel. (553 aa) |
| | cheW | Purine-binding chemotaxis protein; Involved in the transmission of sensory signals from the chemoreceptors to the flagellar motors. It physically bridges CheA to the MCPs (methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins) to allow regulated phosphotransfer to CheY and CheB. (167 aa) |
| | cheA | Chemotaxis protein CheA; Involved in the transmission of sensory signals from the chemoreceptors to the flagellar motors. CheA is autophosphorylated; it can transfer its phosphate group to either CheB or CheY. (654 aa) |
| | motB | Protein that enables flagellar motor rotation; MotA and MotB comprise the stator element of the flagellar motor complex. Required for the rotation of the flagellar motor. Probably a linker that fastens the torque-generating machinery to the cell wall. Overexpression of this protein with MotA improves motility in a pdeH disruption, (a c-di-GMP phosphodiesterase) suggesting there is an interaction (direct or indirect) between the c-di-GMP-binding flagellar brake protein YcgR and the flagellar stator. (308 aa) |
| | motA | Proton conductor component of flagella motor; MotA and MotB comprise the stator element of the flagellar motor complex. Required for rotation of the flagellar motor. Probable transmembrane proton channel. Overexpression of MotA, with or without MotB, restores motility in a pdeH disruption, (a c-di-GMP phosphodiesterase) suggesting there is an interaction (direct or indirect) between the c-di-GMP-binding flagellar brake protein YcgR and the flagellar stator. (295 aa) |
| | flhC | Flagellar class II regulon transcriptional activator, with FlhD; Functions in complex with FlhD as a master transcriptional regulator that regulates transcription of several flagellar and non- flagellar operons by binding to their promoter region. Activates expression of class 2 flagellar genes, including fliA, which is a flagellum-specific sigma factor that turns on the class 3 genes. Also regulates genes whose products function in a variety of physiological pathways. (192 aa) |
| | flhD | Flagellar class II regulon transcriptional activator, with FlhC; Functions in complex with FlhC as a master transcriptional regulator that regulates transcription of several flagellar and non- flagellar operons by binding to their promoter region. Activates expression of class 2 flagellar genes, including fliA, which is a flagellum-specific sigma factor that turns on the class 3 genes. Also regulates genes whose products function in a variety of physiological pathways. (116 aa) |
| | yecR | Lipoprotein, function unknown. (107 aa) |
| | uvrY | Response regulator in two-component regulatory system with BarA; Member of the two-component regulatory system UvrY/BarA involved in the regulation of carbon metabolism via the CsrA/CsrB regulatory system. UvrY activates the transcription of the untranslated csrB RNA and of barA, in an autoregulatory loop. Mediates the effects of CsrA on csrB RNA by BarA-dependent and BarA-independent mechanisms. (218 aa) |
| | sdiA | Quorum-sensing transcriptional activator; Activates cell division by specifically increasing transcription from one of the two promoters that lie immediately upstream of the ftsQAZ gene cluster. Activates ydiV expression in response to extracellular autoinducer AI-1 (Vibrio fischeri autoinducer oxoC6). (240 aa) |
| | fliZ | RpoS antagonist; During the post-exponential growth phase transiently interferes with RpoS (sigma S) activity without affecting expression of RpoS itself. It is probably not an anti-sigma factor as its overexpression is detrimental in rapidly growing cells where there is almost no sigma S factor. There is a strong overlap between Crl- activated genes and FliZ-down-regulated genes. FliZ acts as a timing device for expression of the genes for the adhesive curli fimbriae by indirectly decreasing expression of the curli regulator CsgD. (183 aa) |
| | fliA | RNA polymerase, sigma 28 (sigma F) factor; Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. This sigma factor controls the expression of flagella-related genes. (239 aa) |
| | fliC | Flagellar filament structural protein (flagellin); Flagellin is the subunit protein which polymerizes to form the filaments of bacterial flagella. (498 aa) |
| | fliD | Flagellar filament capping protein; Required for the morphogenesis and for the elongation of the flagellar filament by facilitating polymerization of the flagellin monomers at the tip of growing filament. Forms a capping structure, which prevents flagellin subunits (transported through the central channel of the flagellum) from leaking out without polymerization at the distal end; Belongs to the FliD family. (468 aa) |
| | fliS | Flagellar biosynthesis; repressor of class 3a and 3b operons (RflA activity); Protein involved in flagellum assembly and taxis. (136 aa) |
| | fliT | Putative flagellar synthesis and assembly chaperone; Dual-function protein that regulates the transcription of class 2 flagellar operons and that also acts as an export chaperone for the filament-capping protein FliD. As a transcriptional regulator, acts as an anti-FlhDC factor; it directly binds FlhC, thus inhibiting the binding of the FlhC/FlhD complex to class 2 promoters, resulting in decreased expression of class 2 flagellar operons. As a chaperone, effects FliD transition to the membrane by preventing its premature polymerization, and by directing it to the export apparatus. Belo [...] (121 aa) |
| | fliE | Flagellar hook-basal body complex protein FliE; Pseudogene, phage integrase family. (104 aa) |
| | fliF | Flagellar basal-body MS-ring and collar protein; The M ring may be actively involved in energy transduction; Belongs to the FliF family. (552 aa) |
| | fliG | Flagellar motor switching and energizing component; FliG is one of three proteins (FliG, FliN, FliM) that forms the rotor-mounted switch complex (C ring), located at the base of the basal body. This complex interacts with the CheY and CheZ chemotaxis proteins, in addition to contacting components of the motor that determine the direction of flagellar rotation. (331 aa) |
| | fliH | Negative regulator of FliI ATPase activity; Needed for flagellar regrowth and assembly; Belongs to the FliH family. (228 aa) |
| | fliI | Flagellum-specific ATP synthase; Probable catalytic subunit of a protein translocase for flagellum-specific export, or a proton translocase involved in local circuits at the flagellum. May be involved in a specialized protein export pathway that proceeds without signal peptide cleavage; Belongs to the ATPase alpha/beta chains family. (457 aa) |
| | fliJ | Flagellar protein; The FliJ protein is a flagellar protein that affects chemotactic events. Mutations in FliJ results in failure to respond to chemotactic stimuli. (147 aa) |
| | fliK | Flagellar hook-length control protein; Controls the length of the flagellar hook; Belongs to the FliK family. (375 aa) |
| | fliL | Flagellar biosynthesis protein; Controls the rotational direction of flagella during chemotaxis; Belongs to the FliL family. (154 aa) |
| | fliM | Flagellar motor switching and energizing component; FliM is one of three proteins (FliG, FliN, FliM) that forms the rotor-mounted switch complex (C ring), located at the base of the basal body. This complex interacts with the CheY and CheZ chemotaxis proteins, in addition to contacting components of the motor that determine the direction of flagellar rotation. (334 aa) |
| | fliN | Flagellar motor switching and energizing component; FliN is one of three proteins (FliG, FliN, FliM) that form a switch complex that is proposed to be located at the base of the basal body. This complex interacts with the CheY and CheZ chemotaxis proteins, in addition to contacting components of the motor that determine the direction of flagellar rotation. (137 aa) |
| | fliO | Flagellar biosynthesis; Protein involved in flagellum assembly and taxis. (121 aa) |
| | fliP | Flagellar biosynthesis protein; Plays a role in the flagellum-specific transport system; Belongs to the FliP/MopC/SpaP family. (245 aa) |
| | fliQ | Flagellar biosynthesis protein; Required for the assembly of the rivet at the earliest stage of flagellar biosynthesis; Belongs to the FliQ/MopD/SpaQ family. (89 aa) |
| | fliR | Flagellar export pore protein; Role in flagellar biosynthesis; Belongs to the FliR/MopE/SpaR family. (261 aa) |
| | rcsA | Transcriptional regulator of colanic acid capsular biosynthesis; Component of the Rcs signaling system, which controls transcription of numerous genes. Binds, with RcsB, to the RcsAB box to regulate expression of genes involved in colanic acid capsule synthesis. (207 aa) |
| | yedQ | Putative membrane-anchored diguanylate cyclase; Catalyzes the synthesis of cyclic-di-GMP (c-di-GMP) via the condensation of 2 GTP molecules (By similarity). Cyclic-di-GMP is a second messenger which controls cell surface-associated traits in bacteria. Involved in the regulation of cellulose production. (564 aa) |
| | yegE | Putative diguanylate cyclase; Catalyzes the synthesis of cyclic-di-GMP (c-di-GMP) via the condensation of 2 GTP molecules (By similarity). Involved in the control of the switch from cell motility to adhesion via regulation of cellular levels of c-di-GMP (Probable). Part of a signaling cascade that regulates curli biosynthesis. The cascade is composed of two c-di- GMP control modules, in which c-di-GMP controlled by the DgcE/PdeH pair (module I) regulates the activity of the DgcM/PdeR pair (module II), which in turn regulates activity of the transcription factor MlrA and expression of t [...] (1105 aa) |
| | mlrA | Transcriptional activator of csgD and csgBA; Activates transcription of csgD, the master regulator of biofilm formation, by binding to its promoter region. Also controls the transcription of cadC and ibaG. Part of a signaling cascade that regulates curli biosynthesis. The cascade is composed of two c-di-GMP control modules, in which c-di-GMP controlled by the DgcE/PdeH pair (module I) regulates the activity of the DgcM/PdeR pair (module II), which in turn regulates activity of the transcription factor MlrA. (243 aa) |
| | rtn | Probable cyclic di-GMP phosphodiesterase PdeN; Phosphodiesterase (PDE) that catalyzes the hydrolysis of cyclic-di-GMP (c-di-GMP) to 5'-pGpG. (518 aa) |
| | narP | Response regulator in two-component regulatory system with NarQ; This protein activates the expression of the nitrate reductase (narGHJI) and formate dehydrogenase-N (fdnGHI) operons and represses the transcription of the fumarate reductase (frdABCD) operon in response to a nitrate/nitrite induction signal transmitted by either the NarX or NarQ proteins. (215 aa) |
| | rcsD | Phosphotransfer intermediate protein in two-component regulatory system with RcsBC; Component of the Rcs signaling system, which controls transcription of numerous genes. RcsD is a phosphotransfer intermediate between the sensor kinase RcsC and the response regulator RcsB. It acquires a phosphoryl group from RcsC and transfers it to RcsB. The system controls expression of genes involved in colanic acid capsule synthesis, biofilm formation and cell division. (890 aa) |
| | rcsB | Response regulator in two-component regulatory system with RcsC and YojN; Component of the Rcs signaling system, which controls transcription of numerous genes. RcsB is the response regulator that binds to regulatory DNA regions. Can function both in an RcsA-dependent or RcsA-independent manner. The system regulates expression of numerous genes, including genes involved in colanic acid capsule synthesis, biofilm formation, cell division and outer membrane proteins synthesis. Also involved, with GadE, in control of glutamate-dependent acid resistance, and, with BglJ, in derepression of [...] (216 aa) |
| | rcsC | Hybrid sensory kinase in two-component regulatory system with RcsB and YojN; Component of the Rcs signaling system, which controls transcription of numerous genes. RcsC functions as a membrane- associated protein kinase that phosphorylates RcsD in response to environmental signals. The phosphoryl group is then transferred to the response regulator RcsB. RcsC has also phosphatase activity. The system controls expression of genes involved in colanic acid capsule synthesis, biofilm formation and cell division. (949 aa) |
| | yfeA | Putative diguanylate cyclase; Phosphodiesterase (PDE) that catalyzes the hydrolysis of cyclic-di-GMP (c-di-GMP) to 5'-pGpG. (729 aa) |
| | yfeC | DUF1323 family putative DNA-binding protein; To E.coli YfiI and P.aeruginosa RluD. (114 aa) |
| | yfeD | DUF1323 family putative DNA-binding protein. (130 aa) |
| | narQ | Sensory histidine kinase in two-component regulatory system with NarP; Acts as a sensor for nitrate/nitrite and transduces signal of nitrate/nitrite availability to the NarL/NarP proteins. NarQ probably activates NarL and NarP by phosphorylation. NarQ probably negatively regulates the NarL protein by dephosphorylation. (566 aa) |
| | yfgF | cyclic-di-GMP phosphodiesterase, anaerobic; Phosphodiesterase (PDE) that catalyzes the hydrolysis of cyclic-di-GMP (c-di-GMP) to 5'-pGpG. Truncated proteins consisting of the GGDEF/EAL domains (residues 319-747) or of the EAL domain alone (481-747) have c-di-GMP phosphodiesterase activity. They do not have diguanylate cyclase activity. Cyclic-di-GMP is a second messenger which controls cell surface-associated traits in bacteria. (747 aa) |
| | glrR | Response regulator regulating glmY sRNA in two-component system with sensor protein GlrK; Member of the two-component regulatory system GlrR/GlrK that up-regulates transcription of the glmY sRNA when cells enter the stationary growth phase. Regulates glmY transcription by binding to three conserved sites in the purL-glmY intergenic region. (444 aa) |
| | yfhG | Putative outer membrane protein modulating the QseEF response; Putative alpha helix protein. (237 aa) |
| | glrK | Sensor protein kinase regulating glmY sRNA in two-component system with response regulator GlrR; Member of the two-component regulatory system GlrR/GlrK that up-regulates transcription of the glmY sRNA when cells enter the stationary growth phase. Activates GlrR by phosphorylation. (475 aa) |
| | yfiR | Putative periplasmic inhibitor of YfiN activity; Repressor of the cell division arrest function of DgcN. Prevents DgcN relocation to the midcell. (172 aa) |
| | yfiN | Putative membrane-anchored diguanylate cyclase; Bifunctional protein that catalyzes the synthesis of cyclic- di-GMP (c-di-GMP) in response to reductive stress and then dynamically relocates to the division site to arrest cell division in response to envelope stress. In the presence of high intracellular c-di-GMP levels, and in response to envelope stress, interacts with cell division proteins and halts cell division, without disassembling the Z ring, but by blocking its further progress toward cytokinesis. Part of a network that regulates cell motility by altering levels of c- di-GMP. (408 aa) |
| | yfiB | OM lipoprotein putative positive effector of YfiN activity; Putative outer membrane protein. (160 aa) |
| | csrA | Pleiotropic regulatory protein for carbon source metabolism; A key translational regulator that binds mRNA to regulate translation initiation and/or mRNA stability, initially identified for its effects on central carbon metabolism. Mediates global changes in gene expression, shifting from rapid growth to stress survival by linking envelope stress, the stringent response and the catabolite repression systems. Binds to the 5'-UTR of mRNA to repress or activate translation; 2 binding sites on the homodimer can bridge 2 sites within target RNA (By similarity). Exerts reciprocal effects on [...] (61 aa) |
| | barA | Hybrid sensory histidine kinase, in two-component regulatory system with UvrY; Member of the two-component regulatory system UvrY/BarA involved in the regulation of carbon metabolism via the CsrA/CsrB regulatory system. Phosphorylates UvrY, probably via a four-step phosphorelay. (918 aa) |
| | pitB | Phosphate transporter; Low-affinity inorganic phosphate transport; Belongs to the inorganic phosphate transporter (PiT) (TC 2.A.20) family. Pit subfamily. (499 aa) |
| | ygiV | Transcriptional repressor for mcbR biofilm gene; Represses expression of mcbR. (160 aa) |
| | ygiW | Hydrogen peroxide and cadmium resistance periplasmic protein; stress-induced OB-fold protein. (130 aa) |
| | qseB | Quorum sensing DNA-binding response regulator in two-component regulatory system with QseC; Member of a two-component regulatory system QseB/QseC. Activates the flagella regulon by activating transcription of FlhDC. Currently it is not known whether this effect is direct or not. (219 aa) |
| | qseC | Quorum sensing sensory histidine kinase in two-component regulatory system with QseB; Member of a two-component regulatory system QseB/QseC. Activates the flagella regulon by activating transcription of FlhDC. May activate QseB by phosphorylation. (449 aa) |
| | aer | Fused signal transducer for aerotaxis sensory component/methyl accepting chemotaxis component; Signal transducer for aerotaxis. The aerotactic response is the accumulation of cells around air bubbles. The nature of the sensory stimulus detected by this protein is the proton motive force or cellular redox state. It uses a FAD prosthetic group as a redox sensor to monitor oxygen levels. (506 aa) |
| | arcB | Aerobic respiration control sensor protein ArcB; Member of the two-component regulatory system ArcB/ArcA. Sensor-regulator protein for anaerobic repression of the arc modulon. Activates ArcA via a four-step phosphorelay. ArcB can also dephosphorylate ArcA by a reverse phosphorelay involving His-717 and Asp-576. (778 aa) |
| | csrD | Targeting factor for csrBC sRNA degradation; Serves as a specificity factor required for RNase E-mediated decay of the small global regulatory RNAs CsrB and CsrC, it is probably not a nuclease. Nor does its activity involve c-di-GMP, despite its domain composition. Positively modulates motility gene expression, is also required for curli expression. (646 aa) |
| | yrfF | Putative RcsCDB-response attenuator, inner membrane protein; Putative dehydrogenase. (711 aa) |
| | envZ | Sensory histidine kinase in two-component regulatory system with OmpR; Member of the two-component regulatory system EnvZ/OmpR involved in osmoregulation (particularly of genes ompF and ompC) as well as other genes. EnvZ functions as a membrane-associated protein kinase that phosphorylates OmpR in response to environmental signals; at low osmolarity OmpR activates ompF transcription, while at high osmolarity it represses ompF and activates ompC transcription. Also dephosphorylates OmpR in the presence of ATP. The cytoplasmic dimerization domain (CDD) forms an osmosensitive core; increa [...] (450 aa) |
| | ompR | Response regulator in two-component regulatory system with EnvZ; Member of the two-component regulatory system EnvZ/OmpR involved in osmoregulation (particularly of genes ompF and ompC) as well as other genes. Plays a central role in both acid and osmotic stress responses. Binds to the promoter of both ompC and ompF; at low osmolarity it activates ompF transcription, while at high osmolarity it represses ompF and activates ompC transcription. Involved in acid stress response; this requires EnvZ but not OmpR phosphorylation. Phosphorylated by EnvZ; this stimulates OmpR's DNA-binding abi [...] (239 aa) |
| | yhjB | Putative DNA-binding transcriptional response regulator; Putative regulator; Protein involved in transcription activator activity and transcription. (200 aa) |
| | yhjH | cyclic-di-GMP phosphodiesterase, FlhDC-regulated; Involved in the control of the switch from cell motility to adhesion via regulation of cellular levels of cyclic-di-GMP (c-di-GMP). Part of a signaling cascade that regulates curli biosynthesis. The cascade is composed of two c-di-GMP control modules, in which c-di-GMP controlled by the DgcE/PdeH pair (module I) regulates the activity of the DgcM/PdeR pair (module II), which in turn regulates activity of the transcription factor MlrA and expression of the master biofilm regulator csgD. Effect on flagella is controlled via the c-di-GMP-b [...] (255 aa) |
| | yhjK | cyclic-di-GMP phosphodiesterase; Phosphodiesterase (PDE) that catalyzes the hydrolysis of cyclic-di-GMP (c-di-GMP) to 5'-pGpG. (662 aa) |
| | uhpT | Hexose phosphate transporter; Mediates the exchange of external hexose 6-phosphate and internal inorganic phosphate. Can transport glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-6-phosphate and mannose-6-phosphate. Also catalyzes the neutral exchange of internal and external phosphate. (463 aa) |
| | uhpC | Membrane protein regulates uhpT expression; Part of the UhpABC signaling cascade that controls the expression of the hexose phosphate transporter UhpT. UhpC senses external glucose-6-phosphate and interacts with the histidine kinase UhpB, leading to the stimulation of the autokinase activity of UhpB. Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Organophosphate:Pi antiporter (OPA) (TC 2.A.1.4) family. (439 aa) |
| | uhpB | Sensory histidine kinase in two-component regulatory sytem with UhpA; Part of the UhpABC signaling cascade that controls the expression of the hexose phosphate transporter UhpT. UhpB functions as a membrane-associated protein kinase that autophosphorylates in response to interaction with UhpC, and subsequently transfers its phosphate group to the response regulator UhpA. Can also dephosphorylate UhpA. (500 aa) |
| | uhpA | Response regulator in two-component regulatory system wtih UhpB; Part of the UhpABC signaling cascade that controls the expression of the hexose phosphate transporter UhpT. Activates the transcription of the uhpT gene. Acts by binding specifically to the uhpT promoter region. (196 aa) |
| | cpxA | Sensory histidine kinase in two-component regulatory system with CpxR; Histidine kinase member of the two-component regulatory system CpxA/CpxR which responds to envelope stress response by activating expression of downstream genes including cpxP, degP, dsbA and ppiA. Activates CpxR by phosphorylation; has autokinase, phosphotransferase and (in the presence of Mg(2+) and/or ATP or ADP) phosphatase activity. The kinase activity is inhibited by periplasmic accessory protein CpxP; proteolysis of CpxP relieves inhibition. Involved in several diverse cellular processes, including the functi [...] (457 aa) |
| | cpxR | Response regulator in two-component regulatory system with CpxA; Response regulator member of the two-component regulatory system CpxA/CpxR which responds to envelope stress response by activating expression of downstream genes including cpxP, degP, dsbA and ppiA. Required for efficient binding of stationary phase cells to hydrophobic surfaces, part of the process of biofilm formation. Induced upon cell surface binding, subsequently induces genes it controls (cpxP, dsbA and spy, degP is only partially induced). Binds and activates transcription from the degP promoter ; binding is enhan [...] (232 aa) |
| | zraP | Zn-dependent periplasmic chaperone; Binds zinc. Could be an important component of the zinc- balancing mechanism; Belongs to the ZraP family. (141 aa) |
| | zraS | Sensory histidine kinase in two-component regulatory system with ZraR; Member of the two-component regulatory system ZraS/ZraR. May function as a membrane-associated protein kinase that phosphorylates ZraR in response to high concentrations of zinc or lead in the medium. (465 aa) |
| | zraR | Transcriptional regulatory protein ZraR; Member of the two-component regulatory system ZraS/ZraR. When activated by ZraS it acts in conjunction with sigma-54 to regulate the expression of zraP. Positively autoregulates the expression of the zraSR operon. (441 aa) |
| | yjcC | Putative membrane-anchored cyclic-di-GMP phosphodiesterase; Phosphodiesterase (PDE) that catalyzes the hydrolysis of cyclic-di-GMP (c-di-GMP) to 5'-pGpG (By similarity). Cyclic-di-GMP is a second messenger which controls cell surface-associated traits in bacteria. Overexpression reduces biofilm formation. (528 aa) |
| | crfC | Clamp-binding sister replication fork colocalization protein, dynamin-related; Important for the colocalization of sister nascent DNA strands after replication fork passage during DNA replication, and for positioning and subsequent partitioning of sister chromosomes. Does not have GTPase activity on its own; Belongs to the TRAFAC class dynamin-like GTPase superfamily. Dynamin/Fzo/YdjA family. (742 aa) |
| | yjcZ | YjcZ family protein; yhjH motility defect suppressor. (292 aa) |
| | proP | Proline/glycine betaine transporter; Proton symporter that senses osmotic shifts and responds by importing osmolytes such as proline, glycine betaine, stachydrine, pipecolic acid, ectoine and taurine. It is both an osmosensor and an osmoregulator which is available to participate early in the bacterial osmoregulatory response; Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Metabolite:H+ Symporter (MHS) family (TC 2.A.1.6) family. (500 aa) |
| | tsr | Methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein I, serine sensor receptor; Receptor for the attractant L-serine and related amino acids. Is also responsible for chemotaxis away from a wide range of repellents, including leucine, indole, and weak acids. (551 aa) |
| | creA | Putative periplasmic protein. (157 aa) |
| | creB | Response regulator in two-component regulatory system with CreC; Member of the two-component regulatory system CreC/CreB involved in catabolic regulation. (229 aa) |
| | creC | Sensory histidine kinase in two-component regulatory system with CreB or PhoB; Member of the two-component regulatory system CreC/CreB involved in catabolic regulation. CreC may function as a membrane- associated protein kinase that phosphorylates CreB in response to environmental signals. CreC can also phosphorylate PhoB. (474 aa) |
| | creD | Inner membrane protein; Tolerance to colicin E2. (450 aa) |
| | arcA | Response regulator in two-component regulatory system with ArcB or CpxA; Member of the two-component regulatory system ArcB/ArcA. Represses a wide variety of aerobic enzymes under anaerobic conditions. Controls the resistance of E.coli to dyes; required for expression of the alkaline phosphatase and sex factor F genes; It also may be involved in the osmoregulation of envelope proteins. When activated by ArcB, it negatively regulates the expression of genes of aerobic function. Activates the transcription of the plfB operon by binding to its promoter. (238 aa) |
| | cpxP | Inhibitor of the cpx response; Acts as an auxiliary protein in the Cpx two-component envelope stress response system, helping modulate the Cpx response systems response to some inducers. Binds the periplasmic domain of sensor histidine kinase CpxA, inhibiting induction of the Cpx envelope stress response in the absence of inducer; overexpression decreases Cpx pathway activity. Some periplasmic stimulii (shown for P pili subunit PapE and probably 0.3 M NaCl) increase CpxP's susceptibility to DegP, leading to CpxP degradation, inducing the Cpx pathway. Aids in combating extracytoplasmic [...] (166 aa) |
