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| | melR | Melibiose operon transcriptional regulator; Transcription activator for the expression of the melAB operon. MelR binds at two sites located upstream of the melAB transcription site. (302 aa) |
| | nhaR | Transcriptional activator of nhaA; Plays a role in the positive regulation of NhaA. Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family. (301 aa) |
| | caiF | Cai operon transcriptional activator; Potential transcriptional activator of carnitine metabolism. (131 aa) |
| | araC | Ara regulon transcriptional activator; Transcription factor that regulates the expression of several genes involved in the transport and metabolism of L-arabinose. Functions both as a positive and a negative regulator. In the presence of arabinose, activates the expression of the araBAD, araE, araFGH and araJ promoters. In the absence of arabinose, negatively regulates the araBAD operon. Represses its own transcription. Acts by binding directly to DNA. (292 aa) |
| | leuO | Global transcription factor; A global transcription factor. Activates transcription of the 9 following operons; yjjQ-bglJ, yjjP, acrEF, ybdO, yjcRQP, casABCDE12, rhsD-ybbC, fepE and gltF, in most cases it probably interferes with silencing by H-NS and activates transcription. Represses transcription of the 3 following operons; uxaCA, sdaCB and btsT. H-NS repression of the bgl operon, leading to the ability to metabolize some beta- glucosides. It also directly activates the bgl operon. Activation is H- NS and BglJ-RcsB independent. (314 aa) |
| | cra | Transcriptional repressor-activator for carbon metabolism; Global transcriptional regulator, which plays an important role in the regulation of carbon metabolism. Activates transcription of genes encoding biosynthetic and oxidative enzymes (involved in Krebs cycle, glyoxylate shunt and gluconeogenesis, such as ppsA and fbp). Represses genes involved in sugar catabolism, such as fruB, pfkA, pykF and adhE. Binds asymmetrically to the two half-sites of its operator. (334 aa) |
| | mraZ | RsmH methytransferase inhibitor; Negatively regulates its own expression and that of the subsequent genes in the proximal part of the division and cell wall (dcw) gene cluster. Acts by binding directly to DNA. May also regulate the expression of genes outside the dcw cluster; Belongs to the MraZ family. (152 aa) |
| | pdhR | Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex repressor; Transcriptional repressor for the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex genes aceEF and lpd. (254 aa) |
| | cdaR | Carbohydrate diacid regulon transcriptional regulator; Seems to regulate the expression of the operons for the enzymes involved in D-galactarate, D-glucarate and D-glycerate utilization. (385 aa) |
| | yafC | Putative transcriptional regulator LYSR-type; Protein involved in transcription activator activity, transcription repressor activity and transcription; Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family. (304 aa) |
| | perR | CP4-6 prophage; Apparent regulatory gene involved in peroxide resistance in stationary phase; Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family. (297 aa) |
| | yagI | CP4-6 prophage; Involved in regulation of xylonate catabolism. Represses the expression of both yagA and yagEF operons. Binds mainly at a single site within the spacer of the bidirectional transcription units yagA and yagEF. (252 aa) |
| | rclC | Inner membrane protein RclC; Probably involved in reactive chlorine species (RCS) stress resistance. (197 aa) |
| | rclR | Reactive chlorine species (RCS)-specific activator of the rcl genes; Involved in reactive chlorine species (RCS) stress resistance. Upregulates, in response to hypochlorous acid (HOCl), the expression of three genes essential for survival of RCS stress (rclA, rclB and rclC) and its own expression. (284 aa) |
| | betI | Choline-inducible betIBA-betT divergent operon transcriptional repressor; Repressor involved in the biosynthesis of the osmoprotectant glycine betaine. It represses transcription of the choline transporter BetT and the genes of BetAB involved in the synthesis of glycine betaine. (195 aa) |
| | yahB | Putative transcriptional regulator LYSR-type; Protein involved in transcription activator activity, transcription repressor activity and transcription. (310 aa) |
| | prpR | Propionate catabolism operon regulatory protein; Involved in the transcriptional regulation of the propionate catabolism operon. (528 aa) |
| | cynR | Transcriptional activator of cyn operon; Positively regulates the cynTSX operon, and negatively regulates its own transcription. Binds specifically to the cynR-cynTSX intergenic region. (299 aa) |
| | lacI | Lactose-inducible lac operon transcriptional repressor; Repressor of the lactose operon. Binds allolactose as an inducer. (360 aa) |
| | mhpR | Mhp operon transcriptional activator; Activator of the mhpABCDFE operon coding for components of the 3-hydroxyphenylpropionate degradation pathway. (277 aa) |
| | phoB | Response regulator in two-component regulatory system with PhoR; This protein is a positive regulator for the phosphate regulon. Transcription of this operon is positively regulated by PhoB and PhoR when phosphate is limited. (229 aa) |
| | acrR | Transcriptional repressor; Potential regulator protein for the acrAB genes. (215 aa) |
| | cueR | Copper-responsive regulon transcriptional regulator; Regulates the transcription of the copA and cueO genes. It detects cytoplasmic copper stress and activates transcription in response to increasing copper concentrations. (135 aa) |
| | allS | allD operon transcriptional activator; Positive regulator essential for the expression of allD operon. Binds to the allD promoter; Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family. (308 aa) |
| | allR | Glyoxylate-inducible transcriptional repressor of all and gcl operons; Negative regulator of allantoin and glyoxylate utilization operons. Binds to the gcl promoter and to the allS-allA intergenic region. Binding to DNA is abolished by glyoxylate. (271 aa) |
| | ybcM | DLP12 prophage; Putative ARAC-type regulatory protein. (265 aa) |
| | appY | HTH-type transcriptional regulator AppY; Induces the synthesis of acid phosphatase (AppA) and several other polypeptides (such as AppBC) during the deceleration phase of growth. It also acts as a transcriptional repressor for one group of proteins that are synthesized preferentially in exponential growth and for one group synthesized only in the stationary phase. Also involved in the stabilization of the sigma stress factor RpoS during stress conditions. (249 aa) |
| | envY | Porin thermoregulatory transcriptional activator; Influences the temperature-dependent expression of several E.coli envelope proteins, most notably the porins OmpF and OmpC and the lambda receptor, LamB. (253 aa) |
| | cusR | Response regulator in two-component regulatory system with CusS; Member of the two-component regulatory system CusS/CusR involved in response to copper and silver. Activates the expression of cusCFBA, hiuH and plasmid pRJ1004 gene pcoE in response to increasing levels of copper or silver ions. Can also increase the basal-level expression of copper resistance gene operon pcoABCD. (227 aa) |
| | ybdO | Putative transcriptional regulator LYSR-type; Protein involved in transcription and regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent; Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family. (300 aa) |
| | citB | Response regulator in two-component regulatory system with CitA; Member of the two-component regulatory system DpiA/DpiB, which is essential for expression of citrate-specific fermentation genes and genes involved in plasmid inheritance. Could be involved in response to both the presence of citrate and external redox conditions. Regulates the transcription of citCDEFXGT, dpiAB, mdh and exuT. Binds specifically to the dpiB-citC intergenic region. (226 aa) |
| | ybeF | Putative transcriptional regulator LYSR-type; Protein involved in transcription activator activity, transcription repressor activity and transcription; Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family. (317 aa) |
| | nagC | N-acetylglucosamine-inducible nag divergent operon transcriptional repressor; Acts as a repressor of the nagEBACD operon and acts both as an activator and a repressor for the transcription of the glmSU operon. Belongs to the ROK (NagC/XylR) family. (406 aa) |
| | fur | Ferric iron uptake regulon transcriptional repressor; Acts as a global negative controlling element, employing Fe(2+) as a cofactor to bind the operator of the repressed genes. Regulates the expression of several outer-membrane proteins including the iron transport operon; Belongs to the Fur family. (148 aa) |
| | kdpE | Response regulator in two-component regulatory system with KdpD; Member of the two-component regulatory system KdpD/KdpE involved in the regulation of the kdp operon. (225 aa) |
| | mngR | Transcriptional repressor for the mannosyl-D-glycerate catabolic operon; Represses mngA and mngB. Regulates its own expression. (240 aa) |
| | modE | Transcriptional repressor for the molybdenum transport operon modABC; Functions as an intracellular molybdate sensor. The ModE-Mo complex acts as a repressor of the modABC operon, which is involved in the transport of molybdate. Binds modA promoter DNA in the absence of molybdate, however molybdate binding confers increased DNA affinity. Binds the promoter of moaA activating its transcription; binding is not enhanced by molybdate. The protein dimer binds the consensus palindrome sequence 5'-TATAT-N7-TAYAT-3' and a variant 5'-TGTGT-N7-TGYGT-3'. Acts as a regulator of the expression of 6 [...] (262 aa) |
| | ybhD | Putative transcriptional regulator LYSR-type; Protein involved in transcription activator activity, transcription repressor activity and transcription; Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family. (317 aa) |
| | ybiH | DUF1956 domain-containing tetR family putative transcriptional regulator; Regulates transcription of the cecR-ybhGFSR operon and the rhlE gene, which altogether are involved in the control of sensitivity to cefoperazone and chloramphenicol. Represses the cecR-ybhGFSR operon and activates the rhlE operon. Acts by binding to a palindromic sequence within the intergenic spacer located between these two divergently transcribed operons. (223 aa) |
| | mntR | Mn(2+)-responsive manganese regulon transcriptional regulator; In the presence of manganese, represses expression of mntH and mntS. Up-regulates expression of mntP. (155 aa) |
| | deoR | Deoxyribose-5-phosphate-inducible deoxyribose operon transcriptional repressor; This protein is one of the repressors that regulate the expression of deoCABD genes, which encode nucleotide and deoxy ribonucleotide catabolizing enzymes. It also negatively regulates the expression of nupG (a transport protein) and tsx (a pore-forming protein). The inducer is deoxyribose-5-phosphate. (252 aa) |
| | rcdA | Transcriptional regulator of csgD and ybiJI; Regulates the expression of a number of genes involved in biofilm formation and stress response. Target genes include six stress- response transcriptional regulators: csgD, which is a master regulator of biofilm formation, appY, sxy, ycgF, fimB and rcdA itself. This indicates that a large number of genes must be regulated indirectly via these transcriptional regulators. Acts by binding to the upstream region of its target genes. (178 aa) |
| | lrp | Leucine-responsive global transcriptional regulator; Mediates a global response to leucine. Exogenous leucine affects the expression of a number of different operons; lrp mediates this effect for at least some of these operons. For example it is regulator of the branched-chain amino acid transport genes. (164 aa) |
| | ycaN | Putative transcriptional regulator LYSR-type; Protein involved in transcription activator activity, transcription repressor activity and transcription; Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family. (302 aa) |
| | torT | Periplasmic sensory protein associated with the TorRS two-component regulatory system; Upon binding a putative inducer it probably interacts with TorS and allows it to play a role in the induction of the torCAD operon for trimethylamine N-oxide reductase; Belongs to the bacterial solute-binding protein 2 family. (342 aa) |
| | torR | Response regulator in two-component regulatory system with TorS; Member of the two-component regulatory system TorS/TorR involved in the anaerobic utilization of trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO). Phosphorylated TorR activates the transcription of the torCAD operon by binding to four decameric boxes located in the torCAD promoter. Box1, 2 and 4 contain the DNA sequence 5'-CTGTTCATAT-3' and box3 contains the DNA sequence 5'-CCGTTCATCC-3'. Phosphorylated as well as unphosphorylated TorR negatively regulates its own expression by binding to box1 and 2. (230 aa) |
| | rutR | Rut operon transcriptional repressor for; Master transcription regulator which represses the degradation of pyrimidines (rutABCDEFG) and purines (gcl operon) for maintenance of metabolic balance between pyrimidines and purines. It also regulates the synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides and arginine from glutamine (carAB) and the supply of glutamate (gadABWX). (212 aa) |
| | putA | Delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase; Oxidizes proline to glutamate for use as a carbon and nitrogen source and also function as a transcriptional repressor of the put operon; In the C-terminal section; belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenase family. (1320 aa) |
| | csgD | csgBAC operon transcriptional regulator; The master regulator for adhesive curli fimbriae expression; necessary for transcription of the csgBAC/ymdA operon. Plays a positive role in biofilm formation. May have the capability to respond to starvation and/or high cell density by activating csgBA transcription. Low-level constitutive expression confers an adherent curli fimbriae- expressing phenotype, up-regulates 10 genes and down-regulates 14 others. (216 aa) |
| | ycfQ | Repressor for bhsA(ycfR); Represses expression of BhsA/ComC by binding to its promoter region in the absence of copper. (210 aa) |
| | phoP | Response regulator in two-component regulatory system with PhoQ; Member of the two-component regulatory system PhoP/PhoQ involved in adaptation to low Mg(2+) environments and the control of acid resistance genes. In low periplasmic Mg(2+), PhoQ phosphorylates PhoP, resulting in the expression of PhoP-activated genes (PAG) and repression of PhoP-repressed genes (PRG). In high periplasmic Mg(2+), PhoQ dephosphorylates phospho-PhoP, resulting in the repression of PAG and may lead to expression of some PRG (By similarity). Mediates magnesium influx to the cytosol by activation of MgtA. Pro [...] (223 aa) |
| | bluR | Repressor of blue light-responsive genes; Controls the expression of several small proteins that may play a role in biofilm maturation. Binds to and represses the operator of the ycgZ-ymgA-ariR-ymgC operon and also regulates ynaK. Binding is antagonized by BluF upon blue light (470 nm) irradiation. Blue light may increase the affinity of BluF for BluR, allowing it to be released from its operator. (243 aa) |
| | fadR | Fatty acid metabolism regulon transcriptional regulator; Multifunctional regulator of fatty acid metabolism. Represses transcription of at least eight genes required for fatty acid transport and beta-oxidation including fadA, fadB, fadD, fadL and fadE. Activates transcription of at least three genes required for unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis: fabA, fabB and iclR, the gene encoding the transcriptional regulator of the aceBAK operon encoding the glyoxylate shunt enzymes. (239 aa) |
| | narL | Response regulator in two-component regulatory system with NarX; This protein activates the expression of the nitrate reductase (narGHJI) and formate dehydrogenase-N (fdnGHI) operons and represses the transcription of the fumarate reductase (frdABCD) operon in response to a nitrate/nitrite induction signal transmitted by either the NarX or NarQ proteins. (216 aa) |
| | rssB | PcnB-degradosome interaction factor; Regulates the turnover of the sigma S factor (RpoS) by promoting its proteolysis in exponentially growing cells. Acts by binding and delivering RpoS to the ClpXP protease. RssB is not co- degraded with RpoS, but is released from the complex and can initiate a new cycle of RpoS recognition and degradation. In stationary phase, could also act as an anti-sigma factor and reduce the ability of RpoS to activate gene expression. Is also involved in the regulation of the mRNA polyadenylation pathway during stationary phase, probably by maintaining the asso [...] (337 aa) |
| | hns | Global DNA-binding transcriptional dual regulator H-NS; A DNA-binding protein implicated in transcriptional repression (silencing). Also involved in bacterial chromosome organization and compaction. H-NS binds tightly to AT-rich dsDNA and inhibits transcription. Binds upstream and downstream of initiating RNA polymerase, trapping it in a loop and preventing transcription. Binds to hundreds of sites, approximately half its binding sites are in non-coding DNA, which only accounts for about 10% of the genome. Many of these loci were horizontally transferred (HTG); this offers the selectiv [...] (137 aa) |
| | cysB | N-acetylserine-responsive cysteine regulon transcriptional activator; This protein is a positive regulator of gene expression for the cysteine regulon, a system of 10 or more loci involved in the biosynthesis of L-cysteine from inorganic sulfate. The inducer for CysB is N-acetylserine. CysB inhibits its own transcription. (324 aa) |
| | yciT | Putative DEOR-type transcriptional regulator; Protein involved in transcription repressor activity and transcription. (249 aa) |
| | puuR | Repressor for the divergent puu operons, putrescine inducible; Represses puuA, puuD and puuP. (185 aa) |
| | ycjW | Putative LACI-type transcriptional regulator; Protein involved in transcription repressor activity and transcription. (332 aa) |
| | pgrR | Murein peptide degradation regulator; Regulates the expression of genes involved in peptidoglycan (PG) degradation. Could play a role in switch control between recycling and degradation of PG peptides. Negatively regulates the expression of the ycjY-ymjD-ymjC-mpaA operon by binding to the PgrR-box. In addition, other genes are predicted to be under the control of PgrR, including genes related to membrane formation and function. (299 aa) |
| | fnr | Oxygen-sensing anaerobic growth regulon transcriptional regulator FNR; Global transcription factor that controls the expression of over 100 target genes in response to anoxia. It facilitates the adaptation to anaerobic growth conditions by regulating the expression of gene products that are involved in anaerobic energy metabolism. When the terminal electron acceptor, O(2), is no longer available, it represses the synthesis of enzymes involved in aerobic respiration and increases the synthesis of enzymes required for anaerobic respiration. (250 aa) |
| | abgR | Putative DNA-binding transcriptional regulator of abgABT operon; Could be the regulator of the abg operon; Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family. (302 aa) |
| | racR | Rac prophage; Repressor protein for rac prophage. (158 aa) |
| | feaR | Transcriptional activator for tynA and feaB; Positive regulator of tynA/maoA and feaB/padA, the genes for 2-phenylethylamine catabolism. (301 aa) |
| | ydcI | Putative transcriptional regulator LYSR-type; Protein involved in transcription activator activity, transcription repressor activity and transcription; Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family. (307 aa) |
| | ydcN | Putative DNA-binding transcriptional regulator; Regulates the expression of 12-16 transcription units involved in various steps of sulfur utilization. Represses expression of pfkB, fliZ, cysE, ydcO and its own expression. Activates expression of ypfN. Acts by binding to SutR boxes. (178 aa) |
| | ydcR | Multi modular; putative transcriptional regulator; also putative ATP-binding component of a transport system; Protein involved in ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter activity and regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent; In the C-terminal section; belongs to the class-I pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. (468 aa) |
| | mcbR | Colanic acid and biofilm gene transcriptional regulator, MqsR-controlled; Important for biofilm formation. Represses expression of McbA by binding to its promoter region, which prevents colanic acid overproduction and mucoidy. (221 aa) |
| | ydeO | UV-inducible global regulator, EvgA-, GadE-dependent; Induces the expression of gadE and mdtEF. Could also regulate the expression of other genes involved in acid resistance. (253 aa) |
| | hipA | Serine/threonine-protein kinase toxin HipA; Toxic component of a type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) system, first identified by mutations that increase production of persister cells, a fraction of cells that are phenotypic variants not killed by antibiotics, which lead to multidrug tolerance. Persistence may be ultimately due to global remodeling of the persister cell's ribosomes. Phosphorylates Glu-tRNA-ligase (AC P04805, gltX, on 'Ser-239') in vivo. Phosphorylation of GltX prevents it from being charged, leading to an increase in uncharged tRNA(Glu). This induces amino acid starvation and [...] (440 aa) |
| | hipB | Antitoxin of HipAB toxin-antitoxin system; Antitoxin component of a type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) system. Neutralizes the toxic effect of cognate toxin HipA. Also neutralizes the toxic effect of non-cognate toxin YjjJ. Binds to operator sites with the consensus sequence 5-'TATCCN(8)GGATA-3' to repress the hipBA operon promoter ; binding of HipB(2) to DNA induces a 70 degree bend. This forces HipA dimerization, which blocks HipA's active site and thus its toxic action. May play a role in biofilm formation. (88 aa) |
| | yneJ | Putative transcriptional regulator LYSR-type; Protein involved in transcription activator activity, transcription repressor activity and transcription; Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family. (293 aa) |
| | marR | Transcriptional repressor of multiple antibiotic resistance; Repressor of the marRAB operon which is involved in the activation of both antibiotic resistance and oxidative stress genes. Binds to the marO operator/promoter site. (144 aa) |
| | marA | Multiple antibiotic resistance transcriptional regulator; May be a transcriptional activator of genes involved in the multiple antibiotic resistance (Mar) phenotype. It can also activate genes such as sodA, zwf and micF. (127 aa) |
| | rspR | Transcriptional repressor for rspAB; Repressor of the rspAB operon. Acts by binding directly to the upstream region of rspA. (228 aa) |
| | relE | Qin prophage; Toxic component of a type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) system. A sequence-specific, ribosome-dependent mRNA endoribonuclease that inhibits translation during amino acid starvation (the stringent response). In vitro acts by cleaving mRNA with high codon specificity in the ribosomal A site between positions 2 and 3. The stop codon UAG is cleaved at a fast rate while UAA and UGA are cleaved with intermediate and slow rates. In vitro mRNA cleavage can also occur in the ribosomal E site after peptide release from peptidyl- tRNA in the P site as well as on free 30S subunits. In vivo [...] (95 aa) |
| | relB | Antitoxin of the RelE-RelB toxin-antitoxin syste; Antitoxin component of a type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) system. Counteracts the effect of cognate toxin RelE via direct protein-protein interaction, preventing RelE from entering the ribosome A site and thus inhibiting its endoribonuclease activity. An autorepressor of relBE operon transcription. 2 RelB dimers bind to 2 operator sequences; DNA- binding and repression is stronger when complexed with toxin/corepressor RelE by conditional cooperativity. Increased transcription rate of relBE and activation of relE is consistent with a lower l [...] (79 aa) |
| | ynfL | Putative transcriptional regulator LYSR-type; Protein involved in regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent; Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family. (297 aa) |
| | rstA | Response regulator of RstAB two-component system; Member of the two-component regulatory system RstB/RstA. (239 aa) |
| | uidR | Transcriptional repressor; Repressor for the uidRABC (gusRABC) operon. (196 aa) |
| | malI | Transcriptional repressor of Mal regulon; Repressor for the malX and malY genes. Also regulates its own expression. Binds maltose as an inducer. (342 aa) |
| | slyA | Global transcriptional regulator; Transcription regulator that can specifically activate or repress expression of target genes. Activates expression of genes such as molecular chaperones (groL, groS, dnaK, grpE, and cbpA), proteins involved in acid resistance (hdeA, hdeB, and gadA), the starvation lipoprotein slp, virulence protein hlyE/clyA. Represses expression of genes involved in the histidine biosynthetic pathway such as hisA, hisB, hisD, hisF and hisG. Required for the activation of virulence genes; Belongs to the SlyA family. (144 aa) |
| | nemR | Transcriptional repressor for the nemRA-gloA operon, quinone-, glyoxal-, and HOCl-activated; Involved in response to both electrophiles and reactive chlorine species (RCS). Represses the transcription of the nemRA-gloA operon by binding to the NemR box. May sense electrophiles, primarily quinones and glyoxals, as redox signals and regulate the redox state by modulating the expression of nemA and gloA. Also uses the oxidation status of HOCl-sensitive cysteine residues to respond to bleach and related RCS. Involved in response to methylglyoxal. (199 aa) |
| | purR | Transcriptional repressor, hypoxanthine-binding; Is the main repressor of the genes involved in the de novo synthesis of purine nucleotides, regulating purB, purC, purEK, purF, purHD, purL, purMN and guaBA expression. In addition, it participates in the regulation or coregulation of genes involved in de novo pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis, salvage and uptake (pyrC, pyrD, carAB and codBA), and of several genes encoding enzymes necessary for nucleotide and polyamine biosynthesis (prsA, glyA, gcvTHP, speA, glnB). Binds to a 16-bp palindromic sequence located within the promoter region [...] (341 aa) |
| | ydhB | Putative transcriptional regulator LYSR-type; Protein involved in transcription activator activity, transcription repressor activity and transcription; Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family. (310 aa) |
| | ydiP | Putative ARAC-type regulatory protein; Protein involved in transcription and regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent. (303 aa) |
| | ihfA | Integration host factor (IHF), DNA-binding protein, alpha subunit; One of the 2 subunits of integration host factor (IHF), a specific DNA-binding protein that functions in genetic recombination as well as in transcriptional and translational control. Binds to hundreds of transcriptionally inactive, AT-rich DNA sites, approximately half its binding sites are in non-coding DNA, which only accounts for about 10% of the genome. Has an essential role in conjugative DNA transfer (CDT), the unidirectional transfer of ssDNA plasmid from a donor to a recipient cell. It is the central mechanism [...] (99 aa) |
| | chbR | Repressor of chb operon for N,N'-diacetylchitobiose utilization; Dual-function repressor/activator of the chbBCARFG operon. In the absence of the inducing sugar chitobiose, together with NagC, represses the chbBCARFG operon for the uptake and metabolism of chitobiose. In association with Crp, and probably in the presence of chitobiose 6-phosphate, induces the transcription of the chbBCARFG operon. (280 aa) |
| | ydjF | Putative DEOR-type transcriptional regulator; Protein involved in transcription and regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent. (252 aa) |
| | yeaM | Putative DNA-binding transcriptional regulator; Negatively regulates expression of the nimT operon and its own expression. Acts by binding to the nimR-nimT intergenic region. (273 aa) |
| | dmlR | Transcriptional activator of dmlA; Transcriptional regulator required for the aerobic growth on D-malate as the sole carbon source. Induces the expression of dmlA in response to D-malate or L- or meso-tartrate. Negatively regulates its own expression. (307 aa) |
| | kdgR | KDG regulon transcriptional repressor; Transcriptional regulator of the kdgK gene for the kdg kinase and the kdgT gene for the kdg permease. (263 aa) |
| | yebK | Putative DNA-binding transcriptional regulator; Represses the expression of the hex regulon (zwf, eda, glp and gap). (289 aa) |
| | fliA | RNA polymerase, sigma 28 (sigma F) factor; Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. This sigma factor controls the expression of flagella-related genes. (239 aa) |
| | yedW | Response regulator family protein; Member of a two-component regulatory system HprR/HprS involved in response to hydrogen peroxide. Regulates the expression of at least 5 operons, cyoABCDE, hprRS, hiuH, cusRS and cusCFBA. Bifunctional regulator that acts as an activator and a repressor. (223 aa) |
| | cbl | ssuEADCB/tauABCD operon transcriptional activator; May be an accessory regulatory protein within the cys regulon. (316 aa) |
| | nac | Nitrogen assimilation regulon transcriptional regulator; Transcriptional activator for the hut, put and ure operons and repressor for the gdh and gltB operons in response to nitrogen limitation. Negative regulator of its own expression (By similarity). (305 aa) |
| | yeeY | Putative transcriptional regulator LYSR-type; Protein involved in transcription activator activity, transcription repressor activity and transcription; Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family. (309 aa) |
| | baeR | Response regulator in two-component regulatory system with BaeS; Member of the two-component regulatory system BaeS/BaeR which responds to envelope stress. Activates expression of periplasmic chaperone spy in response to spheroplast formation, indole and P pili protein PapG overexpression. Activates the mdtABCD and probably the CRISPR-Cas casABCDE-ygbT-ygbF operon. (240 aa) |
| | insE1-5 | Pseudogene, repressor for gat operon; interrupted by IS3; split galactitol utilization operon repressor, fragment 2; split galactitol utilization operon repressor, interrupted. (99 aa) |
| | yegW | Putative transcriptional regulator; Protein involved in transcription repressor activity and transcription. (248 aa) |
| | yehT | Putative response regulator in two-component system withYehU; Member of the two-component regulatory system BtsS/BtsR, which is part of a nutrient-sensing regulatory network composed of BtsS/BtsR, the low-affinity pyruvate signaling system YpdA/YpdB and their respective target proteins, BtsT and YhjX. Responds to depletion of nutrients, specifically serine, and the concomitant presence of extracellular pyruvate. BtsR regulates expression of btsT by binding to its promoter region. Activation of the BtsS/BtsR signaling cascade also suppresses YpdA/YpdB-mediated yhjX induction. (239 aa) |
| | mlrA | Transcriptional activator of csgD and csgBA; Activates transcription of csgD, the master regulator of biofilm formation, by binding to its promoter region. Also controls the transcription of cadC and ibaG. Part of a signaling cascade that regulates curli biosynthesis. The cascade is composed of two c-di-GMP control modules, in which c-di-GMP controlled by the DgcE/PdeH pair (module I) regulates the activity of the DgcM/PdeR pair (module II), which in turn regulates activity of the transcription factor MlrA. (243 aa) |
| | galS | Galactose- and fucose-inducible galactose regulon transcriptional isorepressor; Repressor of the mgl operon. Binds galactose and D-fucose as inducers. GalS binds to an operator DNA sequence within its own coding sequence (corresponding to residues 15 to 20). (346 aa) |
| | yeiE | Putative transcriptional regulator LYSR-type; Protein involved in transcription activator activity, transcription repressor activity and transcription; Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family. (293 aa) |
| | yeiL | Putative transcriptional regulator; Transcription regulator involved in mid-term, stationary- phase viability under nitrogen starvation. Might control expression of the salvage pathways or in some other way repress the recycling of nucleobases to nucleic acids and enhance their use as general nitrogen sources during nitrogen-limited growth. (219 aa) |
| | ada | Fused DNA-binding transcriptional dual regulator/O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase; Involved in the adaptive response to alkylation damage in DNA caused by alkylating agents. Repairs O6-methylguanine (O6-MeG) and O4- methylthymine (O4-MeT) in DNA. Repairs the methylated nucleobase in DNA by stoichiometrically transferring the methyl group to a cysteine residue in the enzyme (Cys-321). Also specifically repairs the Sp diastereomer of DNA methylphosphotriester lesions by the same mechanism, although the methyl transfer occurs onto a different cysteine residue (Cys-38). Cannot demeth [...] (354 aa) |
| | rcsB | Response regulator in two-component regulatory system with RcsC and YojN; Component of the Rcs signaling system, which controls transcription of numerous genes. RcsB is the response regulator that binds to regulatory DNA regions. Can function both in an RcsA-dependent or RcsA-independent manner. The system regulates expression of numerous genes, including genes involved in colanic acid capsule synthesis, biofilm formation, cell division and outer membrane proteins synthesis. Also involved, with GadE, in control of glutamate-dependent acid resistance, and, with BglJ, in derepression of [...] (216 aa) |
| | atoC | Regulatory protein AtoC; Member of the two-component regulatory system AtoS/AtoC. In the presence of acetoacetate, AtoS/AtoC stimulates the expression of the atoDAEB operon, leading to short chain fatty acid catabolism and activation of the poly-(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate (cPHB) biosynthetic pathway. Also induces the operon in response to spermidine. Involved in the regulation of motility and chemotaxis, via transcriptional induction of the flagellar regulon. AtoC acts by binding directly to the promoter region of the target genes. In addition to its role as a transcriptional regulator, fun [...] (461 aa) |
| | rhmR | Putative DNA-binding transcriptional regulator for the rhm operon; Putative regulator; Protein involved in transcription and regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent. (260 aa) |
| | lrhA | Transcriptional repressor of flagellar, motility and chemotaxis genes; Not known, does not seem to act on the proton translocating NADH dehydrogenase genes (nuoA-N) which are part of the lrhA operon. (312 aa) |
| | dsdC | Dsd operon activator; Regulates the expression of the dsdX-dsdA operon. (311 aa) |
| | ypdB | Response regulator activating yhjX; Member of the two-component regulatory system YpdA/YpdB, which is part of a nutrient-sensing regulatory network composed of YpdA/YpdB, the high-affinity pyruvate signaling system BtsS/BtsR and their respective target proteins, YhjX and BtsT. YpdB regulates expression of yhjX by binding to its promoter region. Activation of the YpdA/YpdB signaling cascade also promotes BtsS/BtsR-mediated btsT expression. (244 aa) |
| | ypdC | Putative ARAC-type regulatory protein; Protein involved in transcription activator activity and transcription. (285 aa) |
| | xapR | Transcriptional activator of xapAB; Positive regulator required for the expression of xapA and xapB. Binds to the inducer xanthosine. (294 aa) |
| | yfeR | Putative transcriptional regulator LYSR-type; Protein involved in transcription activator activity, transcription repressor activity and transcription; Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family. (308 aa) |
| | murR | Repressor for murPQ, MurNAc 6-P inducible; Represses the expression of the murPQ operon involved in the uptake and degradation of N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc). Binds to two adjacent inverted repeats within the operator region. MurNAc 6- phosphate, the substrate of MurQ, is the specific inducer that weakens binding of MurR to the operator. Also represses its own transcription. (285 aa) |
| | eutR | Eut operon transcriptional activator, AraC family; Activates the transcription of the eut operon. Also positively regulates its own transcription. Probably binds ethanolamine and vitamin B12 as effectors (By similarity). (350 aa) |
| | iscR | Isc operon transcriptional repressor; Regulates the transcription of several operons and genes involved in the biogenesis of Fe-S clusters and Fe-S-containing proteins. Transcriptional repressor of the iscRSUA operon, which is involved in the assembly of Fe-S clusters into Fe-S proteins. In its apoform, under conditions of oxidative stress or iron deprivation, it activates the suf operon, which is a second operon involved in the assembly of Fe-S clusters. Represses its own transcription as well as that of toxin rnlA. (162 aa) |
| | hcaR | Hca operon transcriptional regulator; Transcriptional activator of the hca operon for 3- phenylpropionic acid catabolism. (296 aa) |
| | glrR | Response regulator regulating glmY sRNA in two-component system with sensor protein GlrK; Member of the two-component regulatory system GlrR/GlrK that up-regulates transcription of the glmY sRNA when cells enter the stationary growth phase. Regulates glmY transcription by binding to three conserved sites in the purL-glmY intergenic region. (444 aa) |
| | yfhH | Putative DNA-binding transcriptional regulator. (282 aa) |
| | rpoE | RNA polymerase sigma E factor; Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase (RNAP) to specific initiation sites and are then released. Extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma-E controls the envelope stress response, responding to periplasmic protein stress, increased levels of periplasmic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as well as heat shock and oxidative stress; it controls protein processing in the extracytoplasmic compartment. The 90 member regulon consists of the genes necessary for the synthesis and maintenance of both proteins and LPS of the outer me [...] (191 aa) |
| | yfiE | Putative transcriptional regulator LYSR-type; Protein involved in transcription activator activity, transcription repressor activity and transcription; Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family. (293 aa) |
| | yfjR | CP4-57 prophage; putative DNA-binding transcriptional regulator. (233 aa) |
| | csiR | Transcriptional repressor of csiD; Negatively regulates the expression of the glaH-lhgD-gabDTP operon in a temporal manner during entry into stationary phase or during the first few hours of carbon starvation. Thereby is involved in the regulation of a L-lysine degradation pathway that proceeds via cadaverine, glutarate and L-2- hydroxyglutarate. Binds to two primary and two secondary sites in the promoter region of the glaH operon with the consensus sequences TTGTN5TTTT and ATGTN5TTTT of the primary sites, each separated by six nucleotides. (220 aa) |
| | ygaV | Tributyltin-inducible repressor of ygaVP; Functions as transcription repressor. (99 aa) |
| | stpA | DNA binding protein, nucleoid-associated; A DNA-binding protein that acts in a fashion similar to H-NS protein upon overexpression, represses a number of genes including the cryptic blg operon, hns, papB and the proU locus. A subset of H-NS/StpA-regulated genes also require Hha for repression; Hha and Cnu (YdgT) increases the number of genes DNA bound by H-NS/StpA and may also modulate the oligomerization of the H-NS/StpA-complex. Repression can be inhibited by dominant-negative mutants of StpA or H-NS. (134 aa) |
| | mprA | Transcriptional repressor of microcin B17 synthesis and multidrug efflux; Negative regulator of the multidrug operon emrAB. (176 aa) |
| | alaS | alanyl-tRNA synthetase; Catalyzes the attachment of L-alanine to tRNA(Ala) in a two- step reaction: L-alanine is first activated by ATP to form Ala-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Ala). AlaRS also incorrectly activates the sterically smaller amino acid glycine as well as the sterically larger amino acid L-serine; generates 2-fold more mischarged Gly than Ser. These mischarged amino acids occur because the of inherent physicochemical limitations on discrimination between closely related amino acids (Ala, Gly and Ser) in the charging step. Attaches Ala to transfer-me [...] (876 aa) |
| | srlR | Sorbitol-inducible srl operon transcriptional repressor; Regulator for gut (srl), glucitol operon; Protein involved in carbohydrate catabolic process, transcription and regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent. (257 aa) |
| | norR | Anaerobic nitric oxide reductase DNA-binding transcriptional activator; Required for the expression of anaerobic nitric oxide (NO) reductase, acts as a transcriptional activator for at least the norVW operon. Activation also requires sigma-54. Not required for induction of the aerobic NO-detoxifying enzyme NO dioxygenase. Binds to the promoter region of norVW, to a consensus target sequence, GT-(N7)-AC, which is highly conserved among proteobacteria. (504 aa) |
| | ascG | Asc operon transcriptional repressor; Repressor of the asc operon. The cryptic operon is activated by the insertion of IS186 into the ascG gene. (336 aa) |
| | ygbI | Putative DEOR-type transcriptional regulator; Protein involved in transcription repressor activity and transcription. (255 aa) |
| | rpoS | RNA polymerase, sigma S (sigma 38) factor; Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. This sigma factor is the master transcriptional regulator of the stationary phase and the general stress response. Controls, positively or negatively, the expression of several hundred genes, which are mainly involved in metabolism, transport, regulation and stress management. (330 aa) |
| | fucR | L-fucose operon activator; Transcriptional activator of the fuc operon. (243 aa) |
| | gcvA | Glycine cleavage system transcriptional activator; Regulatory protein for the glycine cleavage system operon (gcv). Mediates activation of gcv by glycine and repression by purines. GcvA is negatively autoregulated. Binds to three sites upstream of the gcv promoter; Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family. (305 aa) |
| | galR | Galactose-inducible d-galactose regulon transcriptional repressor; Repressor of the galactose operon. Binds galactose as an inducer. (343 aa) |
| | lysR | Transcriptional activator of lysA; This protein activates the transcription of the lysA gene encoding diaminopimelate decarboxylase. LysR is also a negative regulator of its own expression; Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family. (311 aa) |
| | argP | HTH-type transcriptional regulator ArgP; Controls the transcription of genes involved in arginine and lysine metabolism. Activates transcription of several genes, including argO, lysP, lysC, asd, dapB, dapD, lysA, gdhA and argK. Acts by binding directly to their promoter or control region. ArgP dimer by itself is able to bind the argO promoter-operator region to form a binary complex, but the formation of a ternary complex with RNA polymerase is greatly stimulated only in presence of a coeffector. Both arginine and lysine are coeffectors at the argO promoter, but only arginine is compe [...] (297 aa) |
| | ygfI | Putative transcriptional regulator LYSR-type; Protein involved in transcription activator activity, transcription repressor activity and transcription; Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family. (298 aa) |
| | glcC | Glycolate-inducible glc operon transcriptional repressor; Transcriptional activator of the glcDEFGB operon which is associated with glycolate utilization, and encodes malate synthase G and the genes needed for glycolate oxidase activity. Also negatively regulates the transcription of its own gene. Glycolate acts as an effector, but GlcC can also use acetate as an alternative effector. (254 aa) |
| | yqhC | Transcriptional activator of yqhD; Putative ARAC-type regulatory protein; Protein involved in transcription activator activity and transcription. (318 aa) |
| | qseB | Quorum sensing DNA-binding response regulator in two-component regulatory system with QseC; Member of a two-component regulatory system QseB/QseC. Activates the flagella regulon by activating transcription of FlhDC. Currently it is not known whether this effect is direct or not. (219 aa) |
| | ttdR | Transcriptional activator of ttdABT; Positive regulator required for L-tartrate-dependent anaerobic growth on glycerol. Induces expression of the ttdA-ttdB-ygjE operon. (310 aa) |
| | rpoD | RNA polymerase, sigma 70 (sigma D) factor; Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. This sigma factor is the primary sigma factor during exponential growth. Preferentially transcribes genes associated with fast growth, such as ribosomal operons, other protein-synthesis related genes, rRNA- and tRNA-encoding genes and prfB. Belongs to the sigma-70 factor family. RpoD/SigA subfamily. (613 aa) |
| | yqjI | PadR family putative transcriptional regulator; Represses the expression of YqjH which is involved in iron homeostasis under excess nickel conditions. Also represses its own expression. (207 aa) |
| | ebgR | Transcriptional repressor; Repressor for beta galactosidase alpha and beta subunits (ebgA and ebgC). Binds lactose as an inducer. (327 aa) |
| | exuR | Hexuronate regulon transcriptional repressor; Repressor for the exu regulon that encode genes involved in hexuronate utilization. It regulates the ExuT, UxaCA and UxuRAB operons. Binds D-tagaturonate and D-fructuronate as inducers. (258 aa) |
| | yhaJ | LysR family putative transcriptional regulator; Positive regulator, may be partially responsible for expression of neighboring gene dlsT (yhaO) (By similarity). (298 aa) |
| | tdcA | Tdc operon transcriptional activator; Transcriptional activator for the tdcABCDE operon. Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family. (312 aa) |
| | prlF | Antitoxin of the SohA(PrlF)-YhaV toxin-antitoxin system; Antitoxin component of a type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) system. Labile antitoxin that binds to the YhaV toxin and neutralizes its ribonuclease activity. Also acts as a transcription factor. The YhaV/PrlF complex binds the prlF-yhaV operon, probably negatively regulating its expression. (111 aa) |
| | agaR | Transcriptional repressor of the aga regulon; Probable repressor for the aga operon for N-acetyl galactosamine transport and metabolism. (269 aa) |
| | nusA | Transcription termination/antitermination L factor; Participates in both transcription termination and antitermination. Involved in a variety of cellular and viral termination and antitermination processes, such as Rho-dependent transcriptional termination, intrinsic termination, and phage lambda N- mediated transcriptional antitermination. Also important for coordinating the cellular responses to DNA damage by coupling the processes of nucleotide excision repair and translesion synthesis to transcription. (495 aa) |
| | rpoN | RNA polymerase, sigma 54 (sigma N) factor; Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. This sigma factor is responsible for the expression of enzymes involved in arginine catabolism. The open complex (sigma-54 and core RNA polymerase) serves as the receptor for the receipt of the melting signal from the remotely bound activator protein GlnG(NtrC). (477 aa) |
| | nanR | Sialic acid-inducible nan operon repressor; Transcriptional repressor that controls expression of the genes required for the catabolism of sialic acids. Represses expression of the nanATEK- yhcH, nanCMS and yjhBC operons. Acts by binding directly to the Nan box, a region of approximately 30 bp covering the promoter region. (263 aa) |
| | argR | L-arginine-responsive arginine metabolism regulon transcriptional regulator; Negatively controls the expression of the four operons of arginine biosynthesis in addition to the carAB operon. Predominantly interacts with A/T residues in ARG boxes. It also binds to a specific site in cer locus. Thus it is essential for cer-mediated site-specific recombination in ColE1. It is necessary for monomerization of the plasmid ColE1; Belongs to the ArgR family. (156 aa) |
| | aaeR | Transcriptional regulator for aaeXAB operon; Activates transcription of the aaeXAB operon. (309 aa) |
| | fis | Global DNA-binding transcriptional dual regulator; Activates ribosomal RNA transcription, as well other genes. Plays a direct role in upstream activation of rRNA promoters. Binds to a recombinational enhancer sequence that is required to stimulate hin- mediated DNA inversion. Prevents initiation of DNA replication from oriC. Binds to hundreds of transcriptionally active and inactive AT- rich sites, approximately half its binding sites are in non-coding DNA, which only accounts for about 10% of the genome. Belongs to the transcriptional regulatory Fis family. (98 aa) |
| | acrS | acrAB operon transcriptional repressor; Potential regulator protein for the acrEF/envCD genes. (220 aa) |
| | zntR | zntA gene transcriptional activator; Zinc-responsive transcriptional regulator of zntA. (141 aa) |
| | crp | cAMP-activated global transcription factor, mediator of catabolite repression; A global transcription regulator. Complexes with cyclic AMP (cAMP) which allosterically activates DNA binding (to consensus sequence 5'-AAATGTGATCTAGATCACATTT-3') to directly regulate the transcription of about 300 genes in about 200 operons and indirectly regulate the expression of about half the genome. There are 3 classes of CRP promoters; class I promoters have a single CRP-binding site upstream of the RNA polymerase (RNAP)-binding site, whereas in class II promoters the single CRP- and RNAP-binding site [...] (210 aa) |
| | frlR | Putative DNA-binding transcriptional regulator; May regulate the transcription of the frlABCDR operon, involved in the utilization of fructoselysine and psicoselysine. (243 aa) |
| | ompR | Response regulator in two-component regulatory system with EnvZ; Member of the two-component regulatory system EnvZ/OmpR involved in osmoregulation (particularly of genes ompF and ompC) as well as other genes. Plays a central role in both acid and osmotic stress responses. Binds to the promoter of both ompC and ompF; at low osmolarity it activates ompF transcription, while at high osmolarity it represses ompF and activates ompC transcription. Involved in acid stress response; this requires EnvZ but not OmpR phosphorylation. Phosphorylated by EnvZ; this stimulates OmpR's DNA-binding abi [...] (239 aa) |
| | malT | Mal regulon transcriptional activator; Positively regulates the transcription of the maltose regulon whose gene products are responsible for uptake and catabolism of malto- oligosaccharides. Specifically binds to the promoter region of its target genes, recognizing a short DNA motif called the MalT box (5'- GGA[TG]GA-3'). Displays weak ATPase activity, but this activity is not required for promoter binding. (901 aa) |
| | rtcR | Sigma 54-dependent transcriptional regulator of rtcBA expression; Transcriptional repressor of the rtcAB genes. Interacts with sigma-54. (532 aa) |
| | glpG | Rhomboid protease GlpG; Rhomboid-type serine protease that catalyzes intramembrane proteolysis. (276 aa) |
| | gntR | D-gluconate inducible gluconate regulon transcriptional repressor; Negative regulator for the gluconate utilization system GNT- I, the gntUKR operon. (331 aa) |
| | rpoH | RNA polymerase, sigma 32 (sigma H) factor; Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. This sigma factor is involved in regulation of expression of heat shock genes. Intracellular concentration of free RpoH protein increases in response to heat shock, which causes association with RNA polymerase (RNAP) and initiation of transcription of heat shock genes, including numerous global transcriptional regulators and genes involved in maintaining membrane functionality and homeostasis. RpoH is then quic [...] (284 aa) |
| | nikR | Transcriptional repressor, Ni-binding; Transcriptional repressor of the nikABCDE operon. Is active in the presence of excessive concentrations of intracellular nickel; Belongs to the transcriptional regulatory CopG/NikR family. (133 aa) |
| | arsR | Arsenical resistance operon transcriptional repressor; Transcriptional repressor for the arsEFG operon. ArsE is a trans-acting regulatory protein which controls its own expression. The repressive effect of ArsE is alleviated by oxyions of +III oxidation state of arsenic, antimony, and bismuth, as well as arsenate (As(V)) (By similarity). (117 aa) |
| | gadW | Transcriptional activator of gadA and gadBC; Depending on the conditions (growth phase and medium), acts as a positive or negative regulator of gadA and gadBC. Repression occurs directly or via the repression of the expression of gadX. Activation occurs directly by the binding of GadW to the gadA and gadBC promoters. (242 aa) |
| | gadX | Acid resistance regulon transcriptional activator; Positively regulates the expression of about fifteen genes involved in acid resistance such as gadA, gadB and gadC. Depending on the conditions (growth phase and medium), can repress gadW. (274 aa) |
| | yhjC | Putative transcriptional regulator LYSR-type; Protein involved in transcription activator activity, transcription repressor activity and transcription; Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family. (299 aa) |
| | xylR | Xylose divergent operon transcriptional activator; Regulatory protein for the xylBAFGHR operon. (392 aa) |
| | yiaJ | Transcriptional repressor for the yiaKLMNO-lyxK-sgbHUE operon; Negatively controls the transcription of the yiaKLMNOPQRS operon, which may be involved in the utilization of 2,3-diketo-L- gulonate. (282 aa) |
| | yiaU | Putative transcriptional regulator LYSR-type; Protein involved in transcription activator activity, transcription repressor activity and transcription; Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family. (324 aa) |
| | lldR | Dual role activator/repressor for lldPRD operon; May be a regulatory protein for the LCT genes. (258 aa) |
| | slmA | Nucleoid occlusion factor, anti-FtsZ division inhibitor; Required for nucleoid occlusion (NO) phenomenon, which prevents Z-ring formation and cell division over the nucleoid. Acts as a DNA-associated cell division inhibitor that binds simultaneously chromosomal DNA and FtsZ, and disrupts the assembly of FtsZ polymers. SlmA-DNA-binding sequences (SBS) are dispersed on non-Ter regions of the chromosome, preventing FtsZ polymerization at these regions. (198 aa) |
| | yidL | Putative ARAC-type regulatory protein; Protein involved in transcription activator activity and transcription. (297 aa) |
| | yidP | Uncharacterized HTH-type transcriptional regulator YidP; Pseudogene, arbutin specific enzyme IIC component of PTS;enzyme; Transport of small molecules: Carbohydrates, organic acids, alcohols; PTS system, arbutin-like IIB component; PTS system, arbutin-like IIC component. (238 aa) |
| | yidZ | Putative DNA-binding transcriptional regulator; Involved in anaerobic NO protection. (319 aa) |
| | asnC | Transcriptional activator of asnA; Activator of asnA transcription; autogenous regulator of its own transcription; and repressor of the expression of gidA at a post- transcriptional level. (152 aa) |
| | rbsR | Transcriptional repressor of ribose metabolism; Transcriptional repressor for the ribose rbsDACBK operon. RbsR binds to a region of perfect dyad symmetry spanning the rbs operon transcriptional start site. The affinity for the rbs operator is reduced by addition of ribose, consistent with ribose being the inducer of the operon. (330 aa) |
| | yieP | Putative transcriptional regulator. (230 aa) |
| | ilvY | Transcriptional activator of ilvC; This protein activates the transcription of the ilvC gene in the presence of acetolactate or acetohydroxybutyrate. IlvY is also a negative regulator of its own expression; Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family. (297 aa) |
| | metR | Methionine biosynthesis regulon transcriptional regulator; Control of the last step in methionine biosynthesis; MetR is a positive activator of the metA, metE and metH genes. MetR is also a negative regulator of its own expression. Binds homocysteine as an inducer; Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family. (317 aa) |
| | yihL | Putative transcriptional regulator; Protein involved in transcription repressor activity and transcription. (236 aa) |
| | yihW | Putative transcriptional regulator for sulphoquinovose utilization; Involved in the regulation of the sulfoquinovose operon. Represses the expression of the yihUTS operon and of the yihV and csqR genes. Binds DNA inside the spacer between the bidirectional transcription units comprising the yihUTS operon and the yihV gene, and upstream the csqR gene itself. (261 aa) |
| | rhaS | Transcriptional activator of rhaBAD and rhaT; Activates expression of the rhaBAD and rhaT operons. (278 aa) |
| | rhaR | Transcriptional activator of rhaSR; Activates expression of the rhaSR operon in response to L- rhamnose. (282 aa) |
| | cpxR | Response regulator in two-component regulatory system with CpxA; Response regulator member of the two-component regulatory system CpxA/CpxR which responds to envelope stress response by activating expression of downstream genes including cpxP, degP, dsbA and ppiA. Required for efficient binding of stationary phase cells to hydrophobic surfaces, part of the process of biofilm formation. Induced upon cell surface binding, subsequently induces genes it controls (cpxP, dsbA and spy, degP is only partially induced). Binds and activates transcription from the degP promoter ; binding is enhan [...] (232 aa) |
| | cytR | Anti-activator for CytR-CRP nucleoside utilization regulon; This protein negatively controls the transcription initiation of genes such as deoCABD, udp, and cdd encoding catabolizing enzymes and nupC, nupG, and tsx encoding transporting and pore-forming proteins. Binds cytidine and adenosine as effectors. (341 aa) |
| | metJ | Transcriptional repressor, S-adenosylmethionine-binding; This regulatory protein, when combined with SAM (S- adenosylmethionine) represses the expression of the methionine regulon and of enzymes involved in SAM synthesis. It is also autoregulated. (105 aa) |
| | yijO | Putative ARAC-type regulatory protein; Protein involved in transcription activator activity and transcription. (283 aa) |
| | oxyR | Oxidative and nitrosative stress transcriptional regulator; Hydrogen peroxide sensor. Activates the expression of a regulon of hydrogen peroxide-inducible genes such as katG, gor, ahpC, ahpF, oxyS (a regulatory RNA), dps, fur and grxA. OxyR expression is negatively autoregulated by binding to a 43 bp region upstream of its own coding sequence. OxyR is inactivated by reduction of its essential disulfide bond by the product of GrxA, itself positively regulated by OxyR. Has also a positive regulatory effect on the production of surface proteins that control the colony morphology and auto- [...] (305 aa) |
| | fabR | Transcriptional repressor of fabA and fabB; Binds the promoter region of at least fabA and fabB, but probably not yqfA. Represses the transcription of fabA and fabB, involved in unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) biosynthesis. By controlling UFA production, FabR directly influences the physical properties of the membrane bilayer. (215 aa) |
| | iclR | Transcriptional repressor; Regulation of the glyoxylate bypass operon (aceBAK), which encodes isocitrate lyase, malate synthase as well as isocitrate dehydrogenase kinase/phosphorylase. Glyoxylate disrupts the interaction with the promoter by favoring the inactive dimeric form. Pyruvate enhances promoter binding by stabilizing the tetrameric form. (274 aa) |
| | lexA | Transcriptional repressor of SOS regulon; Represses a number of genes involved in the response to DNA damage (SOS response), including recA and lexA. Binds to the 16 bp palindromic sequence 5'-CTGTATATATATACAG-3'. In the presence of single- stranded DNA, RecA interacts with LexA causing an autocatalytic cleavage which disrupts the DNA-binding part of LexA, leading to derepression of the SOS regulon and eventually DNA repair. Implicated in hydroxy radical-mediated cell death induced by hydroxyurea treatment .The SOS response controls an apoptotic-like death (ALD) induced (in the absence [...] (202 aa) |
| | zur | Transcriptional repressor, Zn(II)-binding; Acts as a negative controlling element, employing Zn(2+) as a cofactor to bind the operator of the repressed genes (znuACB); Belongs to the Fur family. (171 aa) |
| | soxS | Superoxide response regulon transcriptional activator; Transcriptional activator of the superoxide response regulon of E.coli that includes at least 10 genes such as sodA, nfo, zwf and micF. Binds the DNA sequence 5'-GCACN(7)CAA-3'. It also facilitates the subsequent binding of RNA polymerase to the micF and the nfo promoters. (107 aa) |
| | alsR | D-allose-inducible als operon transcriptional repressor; Regulatory protein involved in rpiB gene repression. Also involved in als operon repression. (296 aa) |
| | phnF | Putative DNA-binding transcriptional regulator of phosphonate uptake and biodegradation; Belongs to an operon involved in alkylphosphonate uptake and C-P lyase. Exact function not known. By similarity could be a transcriptional regulator. (241 aa) |
| | basR | Response regulator in two-component regulatory system with BasS; Member of the two-component regulatory system BasS/BasR. BasR induces the transcription of the ugd, ais, arnBCADTEF and eptA-basRS loci, all involved in resistance to polymyxin (By similarity). (222 aa) |
| | adiY | Adi system transcriptional activator; Putative ARAC-type regulatory protein; Protein involved in transcription activator activity and transcription. (253 aa) |
| | dcuR | Response regulator in two-component regulatory system with DcuS; Member of the two-component regulatory system DcuR/DcuS. Involved in the C4-dicarboxylate-stimulated regulation of the genes encoding the anaerobic fumarate respiratory system (frdABCD; nuoAN; dcuB; dcuC; sdhCDAB; etc.). Weakly regulates the aerobic C4- dicarboxylate transporter dctA. (239 aa) |
| | cadC | cadBA operon transcriptional activator; Required for Pcad induction, a promoter upstream of cadBA that is responsible for the pH-regulated expression of CadA and CadB. Probably acts as an activating transcription factor. (512 aa) |
| | yjdC | tRNA-Phe; Anticodon: GAA. (191 aa) |
| | nsrR | Nitric oxide-sensitive repressor for NO regulon; Nitric oxide-sensitive repressor of genes involved in protecting the cell against nitrosative stress, such as ytfE, hmpA and ygbA. May require iron for activity. Does not regulates its own transcription. (141 aa) |
| | ulaR | Transcriptional repressor for the L-ascorbate utilization divergent operon; Represses ulaG and the ulaABCDEF operon. Two ulaR binding sites have been identified in each promoter. Full activity requires simultaneous interaction of UlaR with both divergent promoters and seems to be dependent on repressor-mediated DNA loop formation, which is helped by the action of integration host factor. (251 aa) |
| | treR | Trehalose 6-phosphate-inducible trehalose regulon transcriptional repressor; Repressor of the treBC operon. It is able to bind trehalose- 6-phosphate and trehalose. (315 aa) |
| | bdcR | Transcriptional repressor for divergent bdcA; Negatively regulates expression of bdcA. (197 aa) |
| | idnR | Transcriptional repressor, 5-gluconate-binding; Idn operon regulator. May repress gntKU and gntT genes when growing on L-idonate. (332 aa) |
| | fecI | RNA polymerase sigma-19 factor, fec operon-specific; Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. This sigma factor regulates the fec genes for iron dicitrate transport (Probable); Belongs to the sigma-70 factor family. ECF subfamily. (173 aa) |
| | yjhI | Putative regulator; Protein involved in transcription repressor activity and transcription. (262 aa) |
| | sgcR | Putative DNA-binding transcriptional regulator; Putative transcriptional regulator for the sgcREAQCX region. (260 aa) |
| | uxuR | Fructuronate-inducible hexuronate regulon transcriptional repressor; Repressor for the uxuRBA operon. (257 aa) |
| | hypT | Hypochlorite-responsive transcription factor; Protects cells from HOCl (hypochlorite) stress but not peroxide or diamide stress. Decreases the intracellular load of reactive oxygen species by up-regulating genes involved in methionine and cysteine biosynthesis and down-regulating Fur-regulated genes involved in iron acquisition. Has also been suggested to down-regulate expression of the flagellar regulon, decreasing motility, but this activity was not confirmed in a second study. Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family. (303 aa) |
| | yjiR | Uncharacterized HTH-type transcriptional regulator YjiR; RIP347 (repetitive extragenic palindromic) element; contains 2 REP sequences and 1 IHF site; In the C-terminal section; belongs to the class-I pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. (470 aa) |
| | lgoR | Putative transcriptional activator for L-galactonate catabolism; May be a positive transcriptional regulator for lgoD and/or lgoT. Is essential for growth on L-galactonate as the sole carbon source. (304 aa) |
| | bglJ | Bgl operon transcriptional activator; A crytic transcriptional activator. When its expression is induced it relieves H-NS repression of the bgl operon. Acts independently of transcription factor LeuO. (225 aa) |
| | trpR | Transcriptional repressor, tryptophan-binding; This protein is an aporepressor. When complexed with L- tryptophan it binds the operator region of the trp operon (5'- ACTAGT-'3') and prevents the initiation of transcription. The complex also regulates trp repressor biosynthesis by binding to its regulatory region. (108 aa) |
| | rob | Right oriC-binding transcriptional activator, AraC family; Binds to the right arm of the replication origin oriC of the chromosome. Rob binding may influence the formation of the nucleoprotein structure, required for oriC function in the initiation of replication. (289 aa) |
| | creB | Response regulator in two-component regulatory system with CreC; Member of the two-component regulatory system CreC/CreB involved in catabolic regulation. (229 aa) |
| | arcA | Response regulator in two-component regulatory system with ArcB or CpxA; Member of the two-component regulatory system ArcB/ArcA. Represses a wide variety of aerobic enzymes under anaerobic conditions. Controls the resistance of E.coli to dyes; required for expression of the alkaline phosphatase and sex factor F genes; It also may be involved in the osmoregulation of envelope proteins. When activated by ArcB, it negatively regulates the expression of genes of aerobic function. Activates the transcription of the plfB operon by binding to its promoter. (238 aa) |
| | dgoR | D-galactonate catabolism operon transcriptional repressor; Repressor for the dgoRKAT operon. Binds D-galactonate as an inducer. (229 aa) |
| | hdfR | flhDC operon transcriptional repressor; Negatively regulates the transcription of the flagellar master operon flhDC by binding to the upstream region of the operon. Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family. (279 aa) |
