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lipA | Lipoate synthase; Catalyzes the radical-mediated insertion of two sulfur atoms into the C-6 and C-8 positions of the octanoyl moiety bound to the lipoyl domains of lipoate-dependent enzymes, thereby converting the octanoylated domains into lipoylated derivatives. Free octanoate is not a substrate for LipA; Belongs to the radical SAM superfamily. Lipoyl synthase family. (321 aa) | ||||
fabB | 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase I; Catalyzes the condensation reaction of fatty acid synthesis by the addition to an acyl acceptor of two carbons from malonyl-ACP. Specific for elongation from C-10 to unsaturated C-16 and C-18 fatty acids; Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. Beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthases family. (406 aa) | ||||
accD | acetyl-CoA carboxylase, beta (carboxyltransferase) subunit; Component of the acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) complex. Biotin carboxylase (BC) catalyzes the carboxylation of biotin on its carrier protein (BCCP) and then the CO(2) group is transferred by the transcarboxylase to acetyl-CoA to form malonyl-CoA; Belongs to the AccD/PCCB family. (304 aa) | ||||
pta | Phosphate acetyltransferase; Involved in acetate metabolism. Catalyzes the reversible interconversion of acetyl-CoA and acetyl phosphate. The direction of the overall reaction changes depending on growth conditions. On minimal medium acetyl-CoA is generated. In rich medium acetyl-CoA is converted to acetate and allowing the cell to dump the excess of acetylation potential in exchange for energy in the form of ATP. In the N-terminal section; belongs to the CobB/CobQ family. (714 aa) | ||||
ackA | Acetate kinase A and propionate kinase 2; Catalyzes the formation of acetyl phosphate from acetate and ATP. Can also catalyze the reverse reaction. During anaerobic growth of the organism, this enzyme is also involved in the synthesis of most of the ATP formed catabolically; Belongs to the acetokinase family. (400 aa) | ||||
atoB | acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase; Protein involved in fatty acid oxidation. (394 aa) | ||||
atoA | acetyl-CoA:acetoacetyl-CoA transferase beta subunit; Protein involved in fatty acid oxidation; Belongs to the 3-oxoacid CoA-transferase subunit B family. (216 aa) | ||||
atoD | acetyl-CoA:acetoacetyl-CoA transferase alpha subunit; Protein involved in fatty acid oxidation. (220 aa) | ||||
tdcG | L-serine dehydratase; Protein involved in cellular amino acid catabolic process. (454 aa) | ||||
ahr | Broad specificity NADPH-dependent aldehyde reductase, Zn-containing; Catalyzes the reduction of a wide range of aldehydes including aliphatic fatty aldehydes (C4-C16), into their corresponding alcohols. Has a strong preference for NADPH over NADH as the electron donor. Cannot use glyceraldehyde or a ketone as substrate. Is a relevant source of NADPH-dependent aldehyde reductase activity in E.coli. The in vivo functions of Ahr has yet to be determined. (339 aa) | ||||
plsB | Glycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase; Catalyzes the transfer of an acyl group from acyl-ACP to glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) to form lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). This enzyme can utilize either acyl-CoA or acyl-ACP as the fatty acyl donor. Belongs to the GPAT/DAPAT family. (807 aa) | ||||
fabR | Transcriptional repressor of fabA and fabB; Binds the promoter region of at least fabA and fabB, but probably not yqfA. Represses the transcription of fabA and fabB, involved in unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) biosynthesis. By controlling UFA production, FabR directly influences the physical properties of the membrane bilayer. (215 aa) | ||||
yiiD | GNAT family putative N-acetyltransferase; Putative acetyltransferase. (329 aa) | ||||
fadB | Enoyl-CoA hydratase/Delta(3)-cis-Delta(2)-trans-enoyl-CoA isomerase/3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA epimerase; Involved in the aerobic and anaerobic degradation of long- chain fatty acids via beta-oxidation cycle. Catalyzes the formation of 3-oxoacyl-CoA from enoyl-CoA via L-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA. It can also use D-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA and cis-3-enoyl-CoA as substrate. In the C-terminal section; belongs to the 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase family. (729 aa) | ||||
fadA | 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (thiolase I); Catalyzes the final step of fatty acid oxidation in which acetyl-CoA is released and the CoA ester of a fatty acid two carbons shorter is formed. Involved in the aerobic and anaerobic degradation of long-chain fatty acids. (387 aa) | ||||
acpT | 4'-phosphopantetheinyl transferase; May be involved in an alternative pathway for phosphopantetheinyl transfer and holo-ACP synthesis in E.coli. The native apo-protein substrate is unknown. Is able to functionally replace AcpS in vivo but only when expressed at high levels. Belongs to the P-Pant transferase superfamily. Gsp/Sfp/HetI/AcpT family. (195 aa) | ||||
yheT | UPF0017 family putative hydrolase; Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily. AB hydrolase 4 family. (340 aa) | ||||
accC | acetyl-CoA carboxylase, biotin carboxylase subunit; This protein is a component of the acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase complex; first, biotin carboxylase catalyzes the carboxylation of the carrier protein and then the transcarboxylase transfers the carboxyl group to form malonyl-CoA. (449 aa) | ||||
accB | Biotin carboxyl carrier protein of acetyl-CoA carboxylase; This protein is a component of the acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase complex; first, biotin carboxylase catalyzes the carboxylation of the carrier protein and then the transcarboxylase transfers the carboxyl group to form malonyl-CoA. (156 aa) | ||||
tdcA | Tdc operon transcriptional activator; Transcriptional activator for the tdcABCDE operon. Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family. (312 aa) | ||||
tdcB | L-threonine dehydratase, catabolic; Catalyzes the anaerobic formation of alpha-ketobutyrate and ammonia from threonine in a two-step reaction. The first step involved a dehydration of threonine and a production of enamine intermediates (aminocrotonate), which tautomerizes to its imine form (iminobutyrate). Both intermediates are unstable and short-lived. The second step is the nonenzymatic hydrolysis of the enamine/imine intermediates to form 2- ketobutyrate and free ammonia. In the low water environment of the cell, the second step is accelerated by RidA. TdcB also dehydrates serine t [...] (329 aa) | ||||
tdcD | Propionate kinase/acetate kinase C, anaerobic; Catalyzes the conversion of propionyl phosphate and ADP to propionate and ATP. It can also use acetyl phosphate as phosphate group acceptor; Belongs to the acetokinase family. TdcD subfamily. (402 aa) | ||||
tdcE | Pyruvate formate-lyase 4/2-ketobutyrate formate-lyase; Catalyzes the cleavage of 2-ketobutyrate to propionyl-CoA and formate. It can also use pyruvate as substrate. Belongs to the glycyl radical enzyme (GRE) family. PFL subfamily. (764 aa) | ||||
tdcF | Putative reactive intermediate deaminase; May be a post-translational regulator that controls the metabolic fate of L-threonine or the potentially toxic intermediate 2- ketobutyrate. (129 aa) | ||||
fadH | 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase, NADH and FMN-linked; Functions as an auxiliary enzyme in the beta-oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids with double bonds at even carbon positions. Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of the C4-C5 double bond of the acyl chain of 2,4-dienoyl-CoA to yield 2-trans-enoyl-CoA. Acts on both isomers, 2-trans,4- cis- and 2-trans,4-trans-decadienoyl-CoA, with almost equal efficiency. Is not active with NADH instead of NADPH. Does not show cis->trans isomerase activity. (672 aa) | ||||
scpC | propionyl-CoA:succinate CoA transferase; Catalyzes the transfer of coenzyme A from propionyl-CoA to succinate. Could be part of a pathway that converts succinate to propionate; Belongs to the acetyl-CoA hydrolase/transferase family. (492 aa) | ||||
scpB | methylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylase, biotin-independent; Catalyzes the decarboxylation of (R)-methylmalonyl-CoA to propionyl-CoA. Could be part of a pathway that converts succinate to propanoate. (261 aa) | ||||
scpA | methylmalonyl-CoA mutase; Catalyzes the interconversion of succinyl-CoA and methylmalonyl-CoA. Could be part of a pathway that converts succinate to propionate. (714 aa) | ||||
yqeF | Short chain acyltransferase; Putative acyltransferase; Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. Thiolase family. (393 aa) | ||||
aas | Fused 2-acylglycerophospho-ethanolamine acyl transferase/acyl-acyl carrier protein synthetase; Plays a role in lysophospholipid acylation. Transfers fatty acids to the 1-position via an enzyme-bound acyl-ACP intermediate in the presence of ATP and magnesium. Its physiological function is to regenerate phosphatidylethanolamine from 2-acyl-glycero-3- phosphoethanolamine (2-acyl-GPE) formed by transacylation reactions or degradation by phospholipase A1. (719 aa) | ||||
acpS | Holo-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase 1; Transfers the 4'-phosphopantetheine moiety from coenzyme A to the 'Ser-36' of acyl-carrier-protein; Belongs to the P-Pant transferase superfamily. AcpS family. (126 aa) | ||||
oxc | Oxalyl CoA decarboxylase, ThDP-dependent; Involved in the catabolism of oxalate and in the adapatation to low pH via the induction of the oxalate-dependent acid tolerance response (ATR). Catalyzes the decarboxylation of oxalyl-CoA to yield carbon dioxide and formyl-CoA; Belongs to the TPP enzyme family. (564 aa) | ||||
fadI | beta-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase, anaerobic, subunit; Catalyzes the final step of fatty acid oxidation in which acetyl-CoA is released and the CoA ester of a fatty acid two carbons shorter is formed. Strongly involved in the anaerobic degradation of long and medium-chain fatty acids in the presence of nitrate and weakly involved in the aerobic degradation of long-chain fatty acids. Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. Thiolase family. (436 aa) | ||||
fadJ | enoyl-CoA hydratase/epimerase and isomerase/3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase; Catalyzes the formation of a hydroxyacyl-CoA by addition of water on enoyl-CoA. Also exhibits 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA epimerase and 3- hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activities. Strongly involved in the anaerobic degradation of long and medium-chain fatty acids in the presence of nitrate and weakly involved in the aerobic degradation of long-chain fatty acids; In the N-terminal section; belongs to the enoyl-CoA hydratase/isomerase family. (714 aa) | ||||
prpR | Propionate catabolism operon regulatory protein; Involved in the transcriptional regulation of the propionate catabolism operon. (528 aa) | ||||
fadE | Acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase; Catalyzes the dehydrogenation of acyl-coenzymes A (acyl-CoAs) to 2-enoyl-CoAs, the first step of the beta-oxidation cycle of fatty acid degradation. Is required for E.coli to utilize dodecanoate or oleate as the sole carbon and energy source for growth. (814 aa) | ||||
accA | acetyl-CoA carboxylase, carboxytransferase, alpha subunit; Component of the acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) complex. First, biotin carboxylase catalyzes the carboxylation of biotin on its carrier protein (BCCP) and then the CO(2) group is transferred by the carboxyltransferase to acetyl-CoA to form malonyl-CoA. Belongs to the AccA family. (319 aa) | ||||
fabZ | (3R)-hydroxymyristol acyl carrier protein dehydratase; Involved in unsaturated fatty acids biosynthesis. Catalyzes the dehydration of short chain beta-hydroxyacyl-ACPs and long chain saturated and unsaturated beta-hydroxyacyl-ACPs. (151 aa) | ||||
acnB | Aconitate hydratase 2; Involved in the catabolism of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA)(acetyl degradation route) and the 2- methylcitrate cycle I (propionate degradation route). Catalyzes the reversible isomerization of citrate to isocitrate via cis-aconitate. Also catalyzes the hydration of 2-methyl-cis-aconitate to yield (2R,3S)-2-methylisocitrate. The apo form of AcnB functions as a RNA- binding regulatory protein. During oxidative stress inactive AcnB apo- enzyme without iron sulfur clusters binds the acnB mRNA 3' UTRs (untranslated regions), stabilize [...] (865 aa) | ||||
fixB | Protein FixB; Required for anaerobic carnitine reduction. May bring reductant to CaiA; Belongs to the ETF alpha-subunit/FixB family. (313 aa) | ||||
caiA | Crotonobetaine reductase subunit II, FAD-binding; Catalyzes the reduction of crotonobetainyl-CoA to gamma- butyrobetainyl-CoA. The electron donor could be the FixA/FixB complex. (380 aa) | ||||
fadD | acyl-CoA synthetase (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase); Catalyzes the esterification, concomitant with transport, of exogenous long-chain fatty acids into metabolically active CoA thioesters for subsequent degradation or incorporation into phospholipids. Activity is the highest with fatty acid substrates of > 10 carbon atoms. Is involved in the aerobic beta- oxidative degradation of fatty acids, which allows aerobic growth of E.coli on fatty acids as a sole carbon and energy source. (561 aa) | ||||
fadK | Short chain acyl-CoA synthetase, anaerobic; Catalyzes the esterification, concomitant with transport, of exogenous fatty acids into metabolically active CoA thioesters for subsequent degradation or incorporation into phospholipids. Is maximally active on C6:0, C8:0 and C12:0 fatty acids, while has a low activity on C14-C18 chain length fatty acids. Is involved in the anaerobic beta-oxidative degradation of fatty acids, which allows anaerobic growth of E.coli on fatty acids as a sole carbon and energy source in the presence of nitrate or fumarate as a terminal electron acceptor. Can fun [...] (548 aa) | ||||
ydiR | Putative electron transfer flavoprotein, FAD-binding subunit; May play a role in a redox process; Belongs to the ETF alpha-subunit/FixB family. (312 aa) | ||||
ydiO | Putative acyl-CoA dehydrogenase; Putative oxidoreductase; Belongs to the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family. (383 aa) | ||||
ydiF | Putative acetyl-CoA:acetoacetyl-CoA transferase: alpha subunit/beta subunit; CoA transferase having broad substrate specificity for short- chain acyl-CoA thioesters with the activity decreasing when the length of the carboxylic acid chain exceeds four carbons. May play a role in short-chain fatty acid metabolism in E.coli (By similarity). Belongs to the 3-oxoacid CoA-transferase family. (531 aa) | ||||
cfa | Cyclopropane fatty acyl phospholipid synthase, SAM-dependent; Transfers a methylene group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the cis double bond of an unsaturated fatty acid chain resulting in the replacement of the double bond with a methylene bridge. (382 aa) | ||||
ydfG | NADP-dependent 3-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase; NADP-dependent dehydrogenase with broad substrate specificity acting on 3-hydroxy acids. Catalyzes the NADP-dependent oxidation of L- allo-threonine to L-2-amino-3-keto-butyrate, which is spontaneously decarboxylated into aminoacetone. Also acts on D-threonine, L-serine, D-serine, D-3-hydroxyisobutyrate, L-3-hydroxyisobutyrate, D-glycerate and L-glycerate. Able to catalyze the reduction of the malonic semialdehyde to 3-hydroxypropionic acid. YdfG is apparently supplementing RutE, the presumed malonic semialdehyde reductase involved in pyrimi [...] (248 aa) | ||||
paaJ | 3-oxoadipyl-CoA/3-oxo-5,6-dehydrosuberyl-CoA thiolase; Catalyzes the thiolytic cleavage of the beta-keto C8 intermediate 3-oxo-5,6-dehydrosuberyl-CoA with CoA to yield the C6 intermediate 2,3-dehydroadipyl-CoA and acetyl-CoA. Besides it catalyzes also the last step of the pathway, in which 3-oxoadipyl-CoA similarly is cleaved to acetyl-CoA and succinyl-CoA. Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. Thiolase family. (401 aa) | ||||
paaH | 3-hydroxyadipyl-CoA dehydrogenase, NAD+-dependent; Catalyzes the oxidation of 3-hydroxyadipyl-CoA to yield 3- oxoadipyl-CoA; Belongs to the 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase family. (475 aa) | ||||
paaG | 1,2-epoxyphenylacetyl-CoA isomerase, oxepin-CoA-forming; Catalyzes the reversible conversion of the epoxide to 2- oxepin-2(3H)-ylideneacetyl-CoA (oxepin-CoA). (262 aa) | ||||
paaF | 2,3-dehydroadipyl-CoA hydratase; Catalyzes the reversible conversion of enzymatically produced 2,3-dehydroadipyl-CoA into 3-hydroxyadipyl-CoA. Belongs to the enoyl-CoA hydratase/isomerase family. (255 aa) | ||||
fabI | Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase, NADH-dependent; Catalyzes the reduction of a carbon-carbon double bond in an enoyl moiety that is covalently linked to an acyl carrier protein (ACP). Involved in the elongation cycle of fatty acid which are used in the lipid metabolism and in the biotin biosynthesis. (262 aa) | ||||
yciA | acyl-CoA esterase; Catalyzes the hydrolysis of the thioester bond in palmitoyl- CoA and malonyl-CoA. (132 aa) | ||||
fadR | Fatty acid metabolism regulon transcriptional regulator; Multifunctional regulator of fatty acid metabolism. Represses transcription of at least eight genes required for fatty acid transport and beta-oxidation including fadA, fadB, fadD, fadL and fadE. Activates transcription of at least three genes required for unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis: fabA, fabB and iclR, the gene encoding the transcriptional regulator of the aceBAK operon encoding the glyoxylate shunt enzymes. (239 aa) | ||||
fabF | 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase II; Catalyzes the condensation reaction of fatty acid synthesis by the addition to an acyl acceptor of two carbons from malonyl-ACP. Has a preference for short chain acid substrates and may function to supply the octanoic substrates for lipoic acid biosynthesis. (413 aa) | ||||
acpP | Acyl carrier protein (ACP); Carrier of the growing fatty acid chain in fatty acid biosynthesis; Belongs to the acyl carrier protein (ACP) family. (78 aa) | ||||
fabG | 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase; Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of beta-ketoacyl-ACP substrates to beta-hydroxyacyl-ACP products, the first reductive step in the elongation cycle of fatty acid biosynthesis. (244 aa) | ||||
fabD | malonyl-CoA-[acyl-carrier-protein] transacylase; Belongs to the FabD family. (309 aa) | ||||
fabH | 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase III; Catalyzes the condensation reaction of fatty acid synthesis by the addition to an acyl acceptor of two carbons from malonyl-ACP. Catalyzes the first condensation reaction which initiates fatty acid synthesis and may therefore play a role in governing the total rate of fatty acid production. Possesses both acetoacetyl-ACP synthase and acetyl transacylase activities. Has some substrate specificity for acetyl-CoA. Its substrate specificity determines the biosynthesis of straight-chain of fatty acids instead of branched-chain; Belongs to the t [...] (317 aa) | ||||
plsX | Putative phosphate acyltransferase; Catalyzes the reversible formation of acyl-phosphate (acyl- PO(4)) from acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] (acyl-ACP). This enzyme utilizes acyl-ACP as fatty acyl donor, but not acyl-CoA. (356 aa) | ||||
fabA | Beta-hydroxydecanoyl thioester dehydrase; Necessary for the introduction of cis unsaturation into fatty acids. Catalyzes the dehydration of (3R)-3-hydroxydecanoyl-ACP to E- (2)-decenoyl-ACP and then its isomerization to Z-(3)-decenoyl-ACP. Can catalyze the dehydratase reaction for beta-hydroxyacyl-ACPs with saturated chain lengths up to 16:0, being most active on intermediate chain length. Is inactive in the dehydration of long chain unsaturated beta-hydroxyacyl-ACP. (172 aa) | ||||
lipB | Octanoyltransferase; Catalyzes the transfer of endogenously produced octanoic acid from octanoyl-acyl-carrier-protein onto the lipoyl domains of lipoate- dependent enzymes. Lipoyl-ACP can also act as a substrate although octanoyl-ACP is likely to be the physiological substrate. Belongs to the LipB family. (213 aa) | ||||
tesB | acyl-CoA thioesterase 2; Can hydrolyze a broad range of acyl-CoA thioesters. Its physiological function is not known; Belongs to the C/M/P thioester hydrolase family. (286 aa) | ||||
fadM | Long-chain acyl-CoA thioesterase III; Long-chain acyl-CoA thioesterase with a preference for 3,5- tetradecadienoyl-CoA. Could be involved in beta-oxidation of fatty acids; Belongs to the 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA thioesterase family. (132 aa) | ||||
acpH | Acyl carrier protein (ACP) phosphodiesterase; Converts holo-ACP to apo-ACP by hydrolytic cleavage of the phosphopantetheine prosthetic group from ACP; Belongs to the AcpH family. (193 aa) | ||||
prpE | propionate--CoA ligase; Catalyzes the synthesis of propionyl-CoA from propionate and CoA. Also converts acetate to acetyl-CoA but with a lower specific activity (By similarity). (628 aa) | ||||
prpD | 2-methylcitrate dehydratase; Involved in the catabolism of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA)(acetyl degradation route) and via the 2-methylcitrate cycle I (propionate degradation route). Catalyzes the dehydration of 2-methylcitrate (2-MC) to yield the cis isomer of 2- methyl-aconitate. It is also able to catalyze the dehydration of citrate and the hydration of cis-aconitate at a lower rate. Due to its broad substrate specificity, it seems to be responsible for the residual aconitase activity of the acnAB-null mutant. Belongs to the PrpD family. (483 aa) | ||||
prpC | 2-methylcitrate synthase; Involved in the catabolism of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA)(acetyl degradation route) and via the 2-methylcitrate cycle I (propionate degradation route). Catalyzes the Claisen condensation of propionyl-CoA and oxaloacetate (OAA) to yield 2-methylcitrate (2-MC) and CoA. Also catalyzes the condensation of oxaloacetate with acetyl-CoA to yield citrate but with a lower specificity. (389 aa) | ||||
prpB | 2-methylisocitrate lyase; Involved in the catabolism of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) via the 2-methylcitrate cycle I (propionate degradation route). Catalyzes the thermodynamically favored C-C bond cleavage of (2R,3S)-2- methylisocitrate to yield pyruvate and succinate via an alpha-carboxy- carbanion intermediate; Belongs to the isocitrate lyase/PEP mutase superfamily. Methylisocitrate lyase family. (296 aa) |