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| | phoU | Negative regulator of PhoR/PhoB two-component regulator; Part of the phosphate (Pho) regulon, which plays a key role in phosphate homeostasis. Encoded together with proteins of the phosphate-specific transport (Pst) system in the polycistronic pstSCAB- phoU operon. PhoU is essential for the repression of the Pho regulon at high phosphate conditions. In this role, it may bind, possibly as a chaperone, to PhoR, PhoB or a PhoR-PhoB complex to promote dephosphorylation of phospho-PhoB, or inhibit formation of the PhoR- PhoB transitory complex. Is also part of complex networks important for [...] (241 aa) |
| | recQ | ATP-dependent DNA helicase; Involved in the RecF recombination pathway; its gene expression is under the regulation of the SOS system. It is a DNA helicase; Belongs to the helicase family. RecQ subfamily. (609 aa) |
| | glnG | DNA-binding transcriptional regulator NtrC; Member of the two-component regulatory system NtrB/NtrC, which controls expression of the nitrogen-regulated (ntr) genes in response to nitrogen limitation. Phosphorylated NtrC binds directly to DNA and stimulates the formation of open promoter-sigma54-RNA polymerase complexes. Activates transcription of many genes and operons whose products minimize the slowing of growth under nitrogen-limiting conditions, including genes coding for glutamine synthetase (glnA), transporters, amino acid permeases and catabolic enzymes. (469 aa) |
| | glnL | Sensory histidine kinase in two-component regulatory system with GlnG; Member of the two-component regulatory system NtrB/NtrC, which controls expression of the nitrogen-regulated (ntr) genes in response to nitrogen limitation. Under conditions of nitrogen limitation, NtrB autophosphorylates and transfers the phosphoryl group to NtrC. In the presence of nitrogen, acts as a phosphatase that dephosphorylates and inactivates NtrC. (349 aa) |
| | cpxA | Sensory histidine kinase in two-component regulatory system with CpxR; Histidine kinase member of the two-component regulatory system CpxA/CpxR which responds to envelope stress response by activating expression of downstream genes including cpxP, degP, dsbA and ppiA. Activates CpxR by phosphorylation; has autokinase, phosphotransferase and (in the presence of Mg(2+) and/or ATP or ADP) phosphatase activity. The kinase activity is inhibited by periplasmic accessory protein CpxP; proteolysis of CpxP relieves inhibition. Involved in several diverse cellular processes, including the functi [...] (457 aa) |
| | cpxR | Response regulator in two-component regulatory system with CpxA; Response regulator member of the two-component regulatory system CpxA/CpxR which responds to envelope stress response by activating expression of downstream genes including cpxP, degP, dsbA and ppiA. Required for efficient binding of stationary phase cells to hydrophobic surfaces, part of the process of biofilm formation. Induced upon cell surface binding, subsequently induces genes it controls (cpxP, dsbA and spy, degP is only partially induced). Binds and activates transcription from the degP promoter ; binding is enhan [...] (232 aa) |
| | rplK | 50S ribosomal subunit protein L11; Forms part of the ribosomal stalk which helps the ribosome interact with GTP-bound translation factors; Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL11 family. (142 aa) |
| | zraS | Sensory histidine kinase in two-component regulatory system with ZraR; Member of the two-component regulatory system ZraS/ZraR. May function as a membrane-associated protein kinase that phosphorylates ZraR in response to high concentrations of zinc or lead in the medium. (465 aa) |
| | zraR | Transcriptional regulatory protein ZraR; Member of the two-component regulatory system ZraS/ZraR. When activated by ZraS it acts in conjunction with sigma-54 to regulate the expression of zraP. Positively autoregulates the expression of the zraSR operon. (441 aa) |
| | psiE | Phosphate starvation inducible protein; Belongs to the PsiE family. (136 aa) |
| | lexA | Transcriptional repressor of SOS regulon; Represses a number of genes involved in the response to DNA damage (SOS response), including recA and lexA. Binds to the 16 bp palindromic sequence 5'-CTGTATATATATACAG-3'. In the presence of single- stranded DNA, RecA interacts with LexA causing an autocatalytic cleavage which disrupts the DNA-binding part of LexA, leading to derepression of the SOS regulon and eventually DNA repair. Implicated in hydroxy radical-mediated cell death induced by hydroxyurea treatment .The SOS response controls an apoptotic-like death (ALD) induced (in the absence [...] (202 aa) |
| | uvrA | ATPase and DNA damage recognition protein of nucleotide excision repair excinuclease UvrABC; The UvrABC repair system catalyzes the recognition and processing of DNA lesions. UvrA is an ATPase and a DNA-binding protein. A damage recognition complex composed of 2 UvrA and 2 UvrB subunits scans DNA for abnormalities. When the presence of a lesion has been verified by UvrB, the UvrA molecules dissociate. (940 aa) |
| | ssb | Single-stranded DNA-binding protein; Plays an important role in DNA replication, recombination and repair. Binds to ssDNA and to an array of partner proteins to recruit them to their sites of action during DNA metabolism. Acts as a sliding platform that migrates on DNA via reptation. SSB or its 10 C-terminal amino acids stimulates the ATPase activity of RadD. (178 aa) |
| | proP | Proline/glycine betaine transporter; Proton symporter that senses osmotic shifts and responds by importing osmolytes such as proline, glycine betaine, stachydrine, pipecolic acid, ectoine and taurine. It is both an osmosensor and an osmoregulator which is available to participate early in the bacterial osmoregulatory response; Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Metabolite:H+ Symporter (MHS) family (TC 2.A.1.6) family. (500 aa) |
| | basS | Sensory histidine kinase in two-component regulatory system with BasR; Member of the two-component regulatory system BasS/BasR Autophosphorylates and activates BasR by phosphorylation. (363 aa) |
| | basR | Response regulator in two-component regulatory system with BasS; Member of the two-component regulatory system BasS/BasR. BasR induces the transcription of the ugd, ais, arnBCADTEF and eptA-basRS loci, all involved in resistance to polymyxin (By similarity). (222 aa) |
| | dcuR | Response regulator in two-component regulatory system with DcuS; Member of the two-component regulatory system DcuR/DcuS. Involved in the C4-dicarboxylate-stimulated regulation of the genes encoding the anaerobic fumarate respiratory system (frdABCD; nuoAN; dcuB; dcuC; sdhCDAB; etc.). Weakly regulates the aerobic C4- dicarboxylate transporter dctA. (239 aa) |
| | dcuS | Sensor histidine kinase DcuS; Member of the two-component regulatory system DcuR/DcuS. Involved in the C4-dicarboxylate-stimulated regulation of the genes encoding the anaerobic fumarate respiratory system (frdABCD; nuoAN; dcuB; dcuC; sdhCDAB; etc.). Weakly regulates the aerobic C4- dicarboxylate transporter dctA. Activates DcuR by phosphorylation. (543 aa) |
| | cadC | cadBA operon transcriptional activator; Required for Pcad induction, a promoter upstream of cadBA that is responsible for the pH-regulated expression of CadA and CadB. Probably acts as an activating transcription factor. (512 aa) |
| | ytfK | DUF1107 family protein. (68 aa) |
| | fecA | TonB-dependent outer membrane ferric citrate transporter and signal transducer; FecA is the outer membrane receptor protein in the Fe(3+) dicitrate transport system. (774 aa) |
| | fecR | Anti-sigma transmembrane signal transducer for ferric citrate transport; Regulation of iron dicitrate transport. In the absence of citrate FecR inactivates fecI. FecR is probably a sensor that recognizes iron dicitrate in the periplasm. (317 aa) |
| | symE | Toxic peptide regulated by antisense sRNA symR; Toxic component of a type I toxin-antitoxin (TA) system. Involved in the degradation and recycling of damaged RNA. It is itself a target for degradation by the ATP-dependent protease Lon. Belongs to the SymE family. (113 aa) |
| | yjiY | Putative transporter; Transports pyruvate with a high affinity and specificity. The process is driven by the proton motive force. Part of a nutrient-sensing regulatory network composed of the two-component regulatory systems BtsS/BtsR and YpdA/YpdB, and their respective target proteins, BtsT and YhjX. Belongs to the peptide transporter carbon starvation (CstA) (TC 2.A.114) family. (716 aa) |
| | tsr | Methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein I, serine sensor receptor; Receptor for the attractant L-serine and related amino acids. Is also responsible for chemotaxis away from a wide range of repellents, including leucine, indole, and weak acids. (551 aa) |
| | creB | Response regulator in two-component regulatory system with CreC; Member of the two-component regulatory system CreC/CreB involved in catabolic regulation. (229 aa) |
| | creC | Sensory histidine kinase in two-component regulatory system with CreB or PhoB; Member of the two-component regulatory system CreC/CreB involved in catabolic regulation. CreC may function as a membrane- associated protein kinase that phosphorylates CreB in response to environmental signals. CreC can also phosphorylate PhoB. (474 aa) |
| | arcA | Response regulator in two-component regulatory system with ArcB or CpxA; Member of the two-component regulatory system ArcB/ArcA. Represses a wide variety of aerobic enzymes under anaerobic conditions. Controls the resistance of E.coli to dyes; required for expression of the alkaline phosphatase and sex factor F genes; It also may be involved in the osmoregulation of envelope proteins. When activated by ArcB, it negatively regulates the expression of genes of aerobic function. Activates the transcription of the plfB operon by binding to its promoter. (238 aa) |
| | yneM | Inner membrane-associated protein; Modulates intracellular Mg(2+) levels to maintain cellular integrity upon Mg(2+) limitation. Acts by binding and stabilizing the Mg(2+) transporter MgtA, thereby leading to increased intracellular level of Mg(2+). May inhibit FtsH proteolysis of MgtA. (31 aa) |
| | tisB | Toxic membrane persister formation peptide, LexA-regulated; Toxic component of a type I toxin-antitoxin (TA) system (Probable). Overexpression causes cessation of growth, induces stress-response, a number of membrane protein genes, and leads to cell death. Inhibits ATP synthesis, ATP levels drop drastically quickly after induction. Part of the programmed response to DNA damage; damage leads to increased accumulation of the protein which slows or stops bacterial growth, probably allowing DNA repair before cells continue to grow. (29 aa) |
| | polB | DNA polymerase II; Thought to be involved in DNA repair and/or mutagenesis. Its processivity is enhanced by the beta sliding clamp (dnaN) and clamp loader. (783 aa) |
| | leuB | 3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase, NAD(+)-dependent; Catalyzes the oxidation of 3-carboxy-2-hydroxy-4- methylpentanoate (3-isopropylmalate) to 3-carboxy-4-methyl-2- oxopentanoate. The product decarboxylates to 4-methyl-2 oxopentanoate. Belongs to the isocitrate and isopropylmalate dehydrogenases family. LeuB type 1 subfamily. (363 aa) |
| | rcsF | Putative outer membrane protein; Essential component of the Rcs signaling system, which controls transcription of numerous genes. Plays a role in signal transduction from the cell surface to the histidine kinase RcsC. May detect outer membrane defects. The system controls expression of genes involved in colanic acid capsule synthesis, biofilm formation and cell division. Belongs to the RcsF family. (134 aa) |
| | dinB | DNA polymerase IV; Poorly processive, error-prone DNA polymerase involved in translesion repair and untargeted mutagenesis. Copies undamaged DNA at stalled replication forks, which arise in vivo from mismatched or misaligned primer ends. These misaligned primers can be extended by Pol IV. Exhibits no 3'-5' exonuclease (proofreading) activity. Overexpression of Pol IV results in increased frameshift mutagenesis. It is required for stationary-phase adaptive mutation, which provides the bacterium with flexibility in dealing with environmental stress, enhancing long- term survival and evol [...] (351 aa) |
| | yafN | Antitoxin of the YafO-YafN toxin-antitoxin system; Antitoxin component of a type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) system. Functions as an mRNA interferase antitoxin; overexpression prevents YafO-mediated cessation of cell growth and inhibition of cell proliferation. (97 aa) |
| | yafO | mRNA interferase toxin of the YafO-YafN toxin-antitoxin system; Toxic component of a type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) system. A translation-dependent mRNA interferase. Overexpression causes cessation of cell growth and inhibits cell proliferation via inhibition of translation; this blockage is overcome by subsequent expression of antitoxin YafN. Overexpression causes cleavage of a number of mRNAs in a ribosome-dependent fashion. YafO binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit in the translation complex induces mRNA cleavage 3' to the region protected by the ribosome; YafO alone is not able to di [...] (132 aa) |
| | yafP | GNAT family putative N-acetyltransferase. (150 aa) |
| | ykgM | 50S ribosomal protein L31 type B; alternative zinc-limitation L31 protein. (87 aa) |
| | prpR | Propionate catabolism operon regulatory protein; Involved in the transcriptional regulation of the propionate catabolism operon. (528 aa) |
| | tauA | Taurine ABC transporter periplasmic binding protein; Part of a binding-protein-dependent transport system for taurine. (320 aa) |
| | tauB | Taurine ABC transporter ATPase; Part of the ABC transporter complex TauABC involved in taurine import. Responsible for energy coupling to the transport system. (255 aa) |
| | tauC | Taurine ABC transporter permease; Part of a binding-protein-dependent transport system for taurine. Probably responsible for the translocation of the substrate across the membrane; Belongs to the binding-protein-dependent transport system permease family. CysTW subfamily. (275 aa) |
| | iraP | anti-RssB factor, RpoS stabilzer during Pi starvation; Inhibits RpoS proteolysis by regulating RssB activity, thereby increasing the stability of the sigma stress factor RpoS especially during phosphate starvation, but also in stationary phase and during nitrogen starvation. Its effect on RpoS stability is due to its interaction with RssB, which probably blocks the interaction of RssB with RpoS, and the consequent delivery of the RssB-RpoS complex to the ClpXP protein degradation pathway; Belongs to the IraP family. (86 aa) |
| | phoB | Response regulator in two-component regulatory system with PhoR; This protein is a positive regulator for the phosphate regulon. Transcription of this operon is positively regulated by PhoB and PhoR when phosphate is limited. (229 aa) |
| | phoR | Sensory histidine kinase in two-component regulatory system with PhoB; Member of the two-component regulatory system PhoR/PhoB involved in the phosphate regulon genes expression. PhoR may function as a membrane-associated protein kinase that phosphorylates PhoB in response to environmental signals. (431 aa) |
| | rhsD | Rhs protein with DUF4329 family putative toxin domain; Rhs elements have a nonessential function. They may play an important role in the natural ecology of the cell. (1426 aa) |
| | sfmZ | Response regulator family protein; Fimbrial Z protein; probable signal transducer; Protein involved in transcription activator activity and transcription. (210 aa) |
| | appY | HTH-type transcriptional regulator AppY; Induces the synthesis of acid phosphatase (AppA) and several other polypeptides (such as AppBC) during the deceleration phase of growth. It also acts as a transcriptional repressor for one group of proteins that are synthesized preferentially in exponential growth and for one group synthesized only in the stationary phase. Also involved in the stabilization of the sigma stress factor RpoS during stress conditions. (249 aa) |
| | cusS | Copper-sensing histidine kinase in two-component regulatory system with CusR; Member of the two-component regulatory system CusS/CusR involved in response to copper and silver. Acts as a copper/silver ion sensor. Activates CusR by phosphorylation. (480 aa) |
| | cusR | Response regulator in two-component regulatory system with CusS; Member of the two-component regulatory system CusS/CusR involved in response to copper and silver. Activates the expression of cusCFBA, hiuH and plasmid pRJ1004 gene pcoE in response to increasing levels of copper or silver ions. Can also increase the basal-level expression of copper resistance gene operon pcoABCD. (227 aa) |
| | cstA | Carbon starvation protein involved in peptide utilization; Involved in peptide utilization during carbon starvation. (701 aa) |
| | ahpC | Alkyl hydroperoxide reductase, C22 subunit; Thiol-specific peroxidase that catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides to water and alcohols, respectively. Plays a role in cell protection against oxidative stress by detoxifying peroxides. Is the primary scavenger for endogenously generated hydrogen peroxides; Belongs to the peroxiredoxin family. AhpC/Prx1 subfamily. (187 aa) |
| | citA | Sensory histidine kinase in two-component regulatory system with CitB; Member of the two-component regulatory system DpiA/DpiB, which is essential for expression of citrate-specific fermentation genes and genes involved in plasmid inheritance. Could be involved in response to both the presence of citrate and external redox conditions. Functions as a sensor kinase that phosphorylates DpiA in the presence of citrate. (552 aa) |
| | citB | Response regulator in two-component regulatory system with CitA; Member of the two-component regulatory system DpiA/DpiB, which is essential for expression of citrate-specific fermentation genes and genes involved in plasmid inheritance. Could be involved in response to both the presence of citrate and external redox conditions. Regulates the transcription of citCDEFXGT, dpiAB, mdh and exuT. Binds specifically to the dpiB-citC intergenic region. (226 aa) |
| | potE | Putrescine transporter PotE; Catalyzes both the uptake and excretion of putrescine. The uptake of putrescine is dependent on the membrane potential and the excretion involves putrescine-ornithine antiporter activity. (439 aa) |
| | kdpE | Response regulator in two-component regulatory system with KdpD; Member of the two-component regulatory system KdpD/KdpE involved in the regulation of the kdp operon. (225 aa) |
| | kdpD | Fused sensory histidine kinase in two-component regulatory system with KdpE: signal sensing protein; Member of the two-component regulatory system KdpD/KdpE involved in the regulation of the kdp operon. KdpD may function as a membrane-associated protein kinase that phosphorylates KdpE in response to environmental signals. (894 aa) |
| | phr | Deoxyribodipyrimidine photolyase, FAD-binding; Involved in repair of UV radiation-induced DNA damage. Catalyzes the light-dependent monomerization (300-600 nm) of cyclobutyl pyrimidine dimers (in cis-syn configuration), which are formed between adjacent bases on the same DNA strand upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation. (472 aa) |
| | uvrB | Exision nuclease of nucleotide excision repair, DNA damage recognition component; The UvrABC repair system catalyzes the recognition and processing of DNA lesions. A damage recognition complex composed of 2 UvrA and 2 UvrB subunits scans DNA for abnormalities. Upon binding of the UvrA(2)B(2) complex to a putative damaged site, the DNA wraps around one UvrB monomer. DNA wrap is dependent on ATP binding by UvrB and probably causes local melting of the DNA helix, facilitating insertion of UvrB beta-hairpin between the DNA strands. Then UvrB probes one DNA strand for the presence of a lesi [...] (673 aa) |
| | dinG | ATP-dependent DNA helicase; DNA-dependent ATPase and 5'-3' DNA helicase. Can also unwind DNA-RNA hybrid duplexes. Is active on D-loops and R-loops, and on forked structures. May be involved in recombinational DNA repair and the resumption of replication after DNA damage. The redox cluster is involved in DNA-mediated charge-transport signaling between DNA repair proteins from distinct pathways. DinG cooperates at long-range with endonuclease III, a base excision repair enzyme, using DNA charge transport to redistribute to regions of DNA damage. Belongs to the helicase family. DinG subfa [...] (716 aa) |
| | rimK | Ribosomal protein S6 modification protein; Is an L-glutamate ligase that catalyzes the ATP-dependent post-translational addition of glutamate residues to the C-terminus of ribosomal protein S6 (RpsF). Is also able to catalyze the synthesis of poly-alpha-glutamate in vitro, via ATP hydrolysis from unprotected glutamate as substrate. The number of glutamate residues added to either RpsF or to poly-alpha-glutamate changes with pH. Belongs to the RimK family. (300 aa) |
| | ycaI | ComEC family inner membrane protein. (754 aa) |
| | ssuB | Aliphatic sulfonate ABC transporter ATPase; Part of the ABC transporter complex SsuABC involved in aliphatic sulfonates import. Responsible for energy coupling to the transport system (Probable). (255 aa) |
| | ssuC | Aliphatic sulfonate ABC transporter permease; Part of a binding-protein-dependent transport system for aliphatic sulfonates. Probably responsible for the translocation of the substrate across the membrane; Belongs to the binding-protein-dependent transport system permease family. CysTW subfamily. (263 aa) |
| | ssuD | Alkanesulfonate monooxygenase, FMNH(2)-dependent; Involved in desulfonation of aliphatic sulfonates. Catalyzes the conversion of pentanesulfonic acid to sulfite and pentaldehyde and is able to desulfonate a wide range of sulfonated substrates including C-2 to C-10 unsubstituted linear alkanesulfonates, substituted ethanesulfonic acids and sulfonated buffers; Belongs to the SsuD family. (381 aa) |
| | ssuA | Aliphatic sulfonate ABC transporter periplasmic binding protein; Part of a binding-protein-dependent transport system for aliphatic sulfonates. Putative binding protein; Belongs to the bacterial solute-binding protein SsuA/TauA family. (319 aa) |
| | ssuE | NAD(P)H-dependent FMN reductase; Catalyzes an NADPH-dependent reduction of FMN, but is also able to reduce FAD or riboflavin. (191 aa) |
| | sulA | SOS cell division inhibitor; Component of the SOS system and an inhibitor of cell division. Accumulation of SulA causes rapid cessation of cell division and the appearance of long, non-septate filaments. In the presence of GTP, binds a polymerization-competent form of FtsZ in a 1:1 ratio, thus inhibiting FtsZ polymerization and therefore preventing it from participating in the assembly of the Z ring. This mechanism prevents the premature segregation of damaged DNA to daughter cells during cell division. The effect of overexpression of SulA is neutralized by antitoxin CbeA (yeeU). (169 aa) |
| | sxy | CRP-S-dependent promoter expression factor; Induces low levels of natural DNA uptake by inducing transcription of the competence genes (the CRP-S regulon) required for DNA transformation. Induction of the CRP-S regulon also requires Sxy- activated promoter (CRP-S), cAMP receptor protein (CRP) and cAMP. Induces CRP-S site-containing genes which are involved in genome maintenance and transcription or encoding transposases and toxin-antitoxin pairs. (209 aa) |
| | hyaA | Hydrogenase 1, small subunit; This is one of three E.coli hydrogenases synthesized in response to different physiological conditions. HYD1 is believed to have a role in hydrogen cycling during fermentative growth; Belongs to the [NiFe]/[NiFeSe] hydrogenase small subunit family. (372 aa) |
| | hyaB | Hydrogenase 1, large subunit; This is one of three E.coli hydrogenases synthesized in response to different physiological conditions. HYD1 is believed to have a role in hydrogen cycling during fermentative growth; Belongs to the [NiFe]/[NiFeSe] hydrogenase large subunit family. (597 aa) |
| | hyaC | Hydrogenase 1, b-type cytochrome subunit; Probable b-type cytochrome; Belongs to the HupC/HyaC/HydC family. (235 aa) |
| | appA | Phosphoanhydride phosphorylase; pH 2.5 acid phosphatase; periplasmic; Protein involved in phosphorus metabolic process and response to starvation. (432 aa) |
| | torS | Hybrid sensory histidine kinase in two-component regulatory system with TorR; Member of the two-component regulatory system TorS/TorR involved in the anaerobic utilization of trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO). Detects the presence of TMAO in the medium and, in response, activates TorR via a four-step phosphorelay. When TMAO is removed, TorS can dephosphorylate TorR, probably by a reverse phosphorelay involving His- 860 and Asp-733. (914 aa) |
| | torR | Response regulator in two-component regulatory system with TorS; Member of the two-component regulatory system TorS/TorR involved in the anaerobic utilization of trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO). Phosphorylated TorR activates the transcription of the torCAD operon by binding to four decameric boxes located in the torCAD promoter. Box1, 2 and 4 contain the DNA sequence 5'-CTGTTCATAT-3' and box3 contains the DNA sequence 5'-CCGTTCATCC-3'. Phosphorylated as well as unphosphorylated TorR negatively regulates its own expression by binding to box1 and 2. (230 aa) |
| | dinI | DNA damage-inducible protein I; Involved in SOS regulation. Inhibits RecA by preventing RecA to bind ssDNA. Can displace ssDNA from RecA. (81 aa) |
| | phoQ | Sensory histidine kinase in two-component regulatory system with PhoP; Member of the two-component regulatory system PhoP/PhoQ involved in adaptation to low Mg(2+) environments and the control of acid resistance genes. In low periplasmic Mg(2+), PhoQ functions as a membrane-associated protein kinase that undergoes autophosphorylation and subsequently transfers the phosphate to PhoP, resulting in the expression of PhoP-activated genes (PAG) and repression of PhoP- repressed genes (PRG). In high periplasmic Mg(2+), acts as a protein phosphatase that dephosphorylates phospho-PhoP, resulti [...] (486 aa) |
| | phoP | Response regulator in two-component regulatory system with PhoQ; Member of the two-component regulatory system PhoP/PhoQ involved in adaptation to low Mg(2+) environments and the control of acid resistance genes. In low periplasmic Mg(2+), PhoQ phosphorylates PhoP, resulting in the expression of PhoP-activated genes (PAG) and repression of PhoP-repressed genes (PRG). In high periplasmic Mg(2+), PhoQ dephosphorylates phospho-PhoP, resulting in the repression of PAG and may lead to expression of some PRG (By similarity). Mediates magnesium influx to the cytosol by activation of MgtA. Pro [...] (223 aa) |
| | iraM | Anti-adapter protein IraM; Inhibits RpoS proteolysis by regulating RssB activity, thereby increasing the stability of the sigma stress factor RpoS during magnesium starvation. May also be involved in the early steps of isoprenoid biosynthesis, possibly through its role as RssB regulator. (107 aa) |
| | bluF | Anti-repressor for YcgE, blue light-responsive; Binds to and releases the BluR repressor from its bound DNA target in a blue light-dependent (470 nm) fashion. A shift to low temperature also triggers a BluF-mediated relief of repression by BluR, suggesting BluF may serve as a thermometer. Blue light may act to increase the affinity of BluF for BluR, allowing it to be released from its operator. The protein has a reversible photocycle, and undergoes structural changes, probably in the EAL domain, in response to light. (403 aa) |
| | umuD | Translesion error-prone DNA polymerase V subunit; Involved in UV protection and mutation. Poorly processive, error-prone DNA polymerase involved in translesion repair. Essential for induced (or SOS) mutagenesis. Able to replicate DNA across DNA lesions (thymine photodimers and abasic sites, called translesion synthesis) in the presence of activated RecA; efficiency is maximal in the presence of the beta sliding-clamp and clamp-loading complex of DNA polymerase III plus single-stranded binding protein (SSB). RecA and to a lesser extent the beta clamp-complex may target Pol V to replicat [...] (139 aa) |
| | umuC | Translesion error-prone DNA polymerase V subunit; Involved in UV protection and mutation. Poorly processive, error-prone DNA polymerase involved in translesion repair. Essential for induced (or SOS) mutagenesis. Able to replicate DNA across DNA lesions (thymine photodimers and abasic sites, translesion synthesis) in the presence of activated RecA; efficiency is maximal in the presence of the beta sliding-clamp and clamp-loading complex of DNA polymerase III plus single-stranded binding protein (SSB). RecA and to a lesser extent the beta clamp- complex may target Pol V to replication co [...] (422 aa) |
| | narL | Response regulator in two-component regulatory system with NarX; This protein activates the expression of the nitrate reductase (narGHJI) and formate dehydrogenase-N (fdnGHI) operons and represses the transcription of the fumarate reductase (frdABCD) operon in response to a nitrate/nitrite induction signal transmitted by either the NarX or NarQ proteins. (216 aa) |
| | narX | Sensory histidine kinase in two-component regulatory system with NarL; Acts as a sensor for nitrate/nitrite and transduces signal of nitrate availability to the NarL protein and of both nitrate/nitrite to the NarP protein. NarX probably activates NarL and NarP by phosphorylation in the presence of nitrate. NarX also plays a negative role in controlling NarL activity, probably through dephosphorylation in the absence of nitrate. (598 aa) |
| | rssB | PcnB-degradosome interaction factor; Regulates the turnover of the sigma S factor (RpoS) by promoting its proteolysis in exponentially growing cells. Acts by binding and delivering RpoS to the ClpXP protease. RssB is not co- degraded with RpoS, but is released from the complex and can initiate a new cycle of RpoS recognition and degradation. In stationary phase, could also act as an anti-sigma factor and reduce the ability of RpoS to activate gene expression. Is also involved in the regulation of the mRNA polyadenylation pathway during stationary phase, probably by maintaining the asso [...] (337 aa) |
| | pspF | Psp operon transcriptional activator; Transcriptional activator for the phage shock protein (psp) operon (pspABCDE) and pspG gene. (325 aa) |
| | trg | Methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein III, ribose and galactose sensor receptor; Mediates taxis to the sugars ribose and galactose via an interaction with the periplasmic ribose- or galactose-binding proteins. (546 aa) |
| | lsrK | Autoinducer-2 kinase; Catalyzes the phosphorylation of autoinducer-2 (AI-2) to phospho-AI-2, which subsequently inactivates the transcriptional regulator LsrR and leads to the transcription of the lsr operon. Phosphorylates the ring-open form of (S)-4,5-dihydroxypentane-2,3-dione (DPD), which is the precursor to all AI-2 signaling molecules, at the C5 position. Required for the regulation of the lsr operon and many other genes. (530 aa) |
| | lsrA | Autoinducer 2 import ATP-binding protein; Part of the ABC transporter complex LsrABCD involved in autoinducer 2 (AI-2) import. Responsible for energy coupling to the transport system (Probable). This protein is essential for aerobic growth. (511 aa) |
| | lsrC | Autoinducer 2 import system permease protein; Part of the ABC transporter complex LsrABCD involved in autoinducer 2 (AI-2) import. Probably responsible for the translocation of the substrate across the membrane (Probable). Belongs to the binding-protein-dependent transport system permease family. AraH/RbsC subfamily. (342 aa) |
| | lsrD | Autoinducer 2 import system permease protein; Part of the ABC transporter complex LsrABCD involved in autoinducer 2 (AI-2) import. Probably responsible for the translocation of the substrate across the membrane (Probable). Belongs to the binding-protein-dependent transport system permease family. AraH/RbsC subfamily. (330 aa) |
| | lsrB | Autoinducer 2-binding protein; Part of the ABC transporter complex LsrABCD involved in autoinducer 2 (AI-2) import. Binds AI-2 and delivers it to the LsrC and LsrD permeases (Probable); Belongs to the bacterial solute-binding protein 2 family. (340 aa) |
| | relE | Qin prophage; Toxic component of a type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) system. A sequence-specific, ribosome-dependent mRNA endoribonuclease that inhibits translation during amino acid starvation (the stringent response). In vitro acts by cleaving mRNA with high codon specificity in the ribosomal A site between positions 2 and 3. The stop codon UAG is cleaved at a fast rate while UAA and UGA are cleaved with intermediate and slow rates. In vitro mRNA cleavage can also occur in the ribosomal E site after peptide release from peptidyl- tRNA in the P site as well as on free 30S subunits. In vivo [...] (95 aa) |
| | tqsA | Pheromone AI-2 transporter; Controls the transport of the quorum-sensing signal AI-2 either by enhancing its secretion or inhibiting its uptake and consequently represses biofilm formation and motility and affects the global gene expression in biofilms. (344 aa) |
| | rstA | Response regulator of RstAB two-component system; Member of the two-component regulatory system RstB/RstA. (239 aa) |
| | rstB | Sensory histidine kinase of RstAB two-component system; Member of the two-component regulatory system RstB/RstA. RstB functions as a membrane-associated protein kinase that phosphorylates RstA (Probable). (433 aa) |
| | cho | Endonuclease of nucleotide excision repair; Incises the DNA at the 3' side of a lesion during nucleotide excision repair. Incises the DNA farther away from the lesion than UvrC. Not able to incise the 5' site of a lesion. In vitro, the incision activity of Cho is UvrA and UvrB dependent. When a lesion remains because UvrC is not able to induce the 3' incision, Cho incises the DNA. Then UvrC makes the 5' incision. The combined action of Cho and UvrC broadens the substrate range of nucleotide excision repair. (295 aa) |
| | yeaG | Protein kinase, endogenous substrate unidentified; autokinase; Belongs to the PrkA family. (644 aa) |
| | prc | Carboxy-terminal protease for penicillin-binding protein 3; Involved in the cleavage of a C-terminal peptide of 11 residues from the precursor form of penicillin-binding protein 3 (PBP3). May be involved in protection of the bacterium from thermal and osmotic stresses. (682 aa) |
| | proQ | RNA chaperone, putative ProP translation regulator; RNA chaperone with significant RNA binding, RNA strand exchange and RNA duplexing activities. May regulate ProP activity through an RNA-based, post-transcriptional mechanism. (232 aa) |
| | yebG | DNA damage-inducible protein regulated by LexA; Protein involved in DNA repair and SOS response. (96 aa) |
| | zwf | Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase; Catalyzes the oxidation of glucose 6-phosphate to 6- phosphogluconolactone; Belongs to the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase family. (491 aa) |
| | ruvB | ATP-dependent DNA helicase, component of RuvABC resolvasome; The RuvA-RuvB complex in the presence of ATP renatures cruciform structure in supercoiled DNA with palindromic sequence, indicating that it may promote strand exchange reactions in homologous recombination. RuvAB is a helicase that mediates the Holliday junction migration by localized denaturation and reannealing. Belongs to the RuvB family. (336 aa) |
| | ruvA | Component of RuvABC resolvasome, regulatory subunit; The RuvA-RuvB complex in the presence of ATP renatures cruciform structure in supercoiled DNA with palindromic sequence, indicating that it may promote strand exchange reactions in homologous recombination. RuvAB is a helicase that mediates the Holliday junction migration by localized denaturation and reannealing. RuvA stimulates, in the presence of DNA, the weak ATPase activity of RuvB. Binds both single- and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). Binds preferentially to supercoiled rather than to relaxed dsDNA. (203 aa) |
| | cheY | Chemotaxis regulator transmitting signal to flagellar motor component; Involved in the transmission of sensory signals from the chemoreceptors to the flagellar motors. In its active (phosphorylated or acetylated) form, CheY exhibits enhanced binding to a switch component, FliM, at the flagellar motor which induces a change from counterclockwise to clockwise flagellar rotation. Overexpression of CheY in association with MotA and MotB improves motility of a ycgR disruption, suggesting there is an interaction (direct or indirect) between the c-di-GMP-binding flagellar brake protein and th [...] (129 aa) |
| | cheB | Protein-glutamate methylesterase/protein-glutamine glutaminase; Involved in chemotaxis. Part of a chemotaxis signal transduction system that modulates chemotaxis in response to various stimuli. Catalyzes the demethylation of specific methylglutamate residues introduced into the chemoreceptors (methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins or MCP) by CheR. Also mediates the irreversible deamidation of specific glutamine residues to glutamic acid. Catalyzes its own deactivation by removing the activating phosphoryl group. Belongs to the CheB family. (349 aa) |
| | tap | Methyl-accepting protein IV; Mediates taxis toward dipeptides via an interaction with the periplasmic dipeptide-binding protein. (533 aa) |
| | tar | Methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein II; Receptor for the attractant L-aspartate and related amino and dicarboxylic acids. Tar also mediates taxis to the attractant maltose via an interaction with the periplasmic maltose binding protein. Tar mediates taxis away from the repellents cobalt and nickel. (553 aa) |
| | cheW | Purine-binding chemotaxis protein; Involved in the transmission of sensory signals from the chemoreceptors to the flagellar motors. It physically bridges CheA to the MCPs (methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins) to allow regulated phosphotransfer to CheY and CheB. (167 aa) |
| | cheA | Chemotaxis protein CheA; Involved in the transmission of sensory signals from the chemoreceptors to the flagellar motors. CheA is autophosphorylated; it can transfer its phosphate group to either CheB or CheY. (654 aa) |
| | uspC | Universal stress protein; Required for resistance to DNA-damaging agents. (142 aa) |
| | uvrC | Excinuclease UvrABC, endonuclease subunit; The UvrABC repair system catalyzes the recognition and processing of DNA lesions. UvrC both incises the 5' and 3' sides of the lesion. The N-terminal half is responsible for the 3' incision and the C-terminal half is responsible for the 5' incision. (610 aa) |
| | uvrY | Response regulator in two-component regulatory system with BarA; Member of the two-component regulatory system UvrY/BarA involved in the regulation of carbon metabolism via the CsrA/CsrB regulatory system. UvrY activates the transcription of the untranslated csrB RNA and of barA, in an autoregulatory loop. Mediates the effects of CsrA on csrB RNA by BarA-dependent and BarA-independent mechanisms. (218 aa) |
| | dcyD | D-cysteine desulfhydrase, PLP-dependent; Catalyzes the alpha,beta-elimination reaction of D-cysteine and of several D-cysteine derivatives. It could be a defense mechanism against D-cysteine. Can also catalyze the degradation of 3-chloro-D- alanine. (328 aa) |
| | yedK | DUF159 family protein; Sensor of abasic sites in single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) required to preserve genome integrity by promoting error-free repair of abasic sites. Recognizes and binds abasic sites in ssDNA at replication forks and chemically modifies the lesion by forming a covalent cross-link with DNA. May act as a protease: mediates autocatalytic processing of its N-terminal methionine in order to expose the catalytic cysteine (By similarity). (222 aa) |
| | yedV | Putative sensory kinase in two-component regulatory system with YedW; Member of a two-component regulatory system HprR/HprS involved in response to hydrogen peroxide. Senses H(2)O(2), maybe via the redox state of the membrane. Activates HprR by phosphorylation. Can also phosphorylate CusR. (452 aa) |
| | yedW | Response regulator family protein; Member of a two-component regulatory system HprR/HprS involved in response to hydrogen peroxide. Regulates the expression of at least 5 operons, cyoABCDE, hprRS, hiuH, cusRS and cusCFBA. Bifunctional regulator that acts as an activator and a repressor. (223 aa) |
| | zinT | Zinc and cadmium binding protein, periplasmic; May function as a periplasmic zinc chaperone or mediate direct transport of zinc from the periplasm to the cytoplasm under zinc-limited conditions. Binds zinc with high affinity, and can also bind cadmium, mercury or nickel. Preferentially binds Zn(2+) over Cd(2+). Contains one high affinity metal binding site, and can bind additional metal ions at other sites; Belongs to the calycin superfamily. ZinT family. (216 aa) |
| | baeS | Sensory histidine kinase in two-component regulatory system with BaeR; Member of the two-component regulatory system BaeS/BaeR which responds to envelope stress. Activates expression of periplasmic chaperone spy in response to spheroplast formation, indole and P pili protein PapG overexpression. Activates BaeR by phosphorylation which then activates the mdtABCD and probably the CRISPR-Cas casABCDE-ygbT-ygbF operons. (467 aa) |
| | baeR | Response regulator in two-component regulatory system with BaeS; Member of the two-component regulatory system BaeS/BaeR which responds to envelope stress. Activates expression of periplasmic chaperone spy in response to spheroplast formation, indole and P pili protein PapG overexpression. Activates the mdtABCD and probably the CRISPR-Cas casABCDE-ygbT-ygbF operon. (240 aa) |
| | yehT | Putative response regulator in two-component system withYehU; Member of the two-component regulatory system BtsS/BtsR, which is part of a nutrient-sensing regulatory network composed of BtsS/BtsR, the low-affinity pyruvate signaling system YpdA/YpdB and their respective target proteins, BtsT and YhjX. Responds to depletion of nutrients, specifically serine, and the concomitant presence of extracellular pyruvate. BtsR regulates expression of btsT by binding to its promoter region. Activation of the BtsS/BtsR signaling cascade also suppresses YpdA/YpdB-mediated yhjX induction. (239 aa) |
| | yehU | Inner membrane putative sensory kinase in two-component system with YehT; Member of the two-component regulatory system BtsS/BtsR, which is part of a nutrient-sensing regulatory network composed of BtsS/BtsR, the low-affinity pyruvate signaling system YpdA/YpdB and their respective target proteins, BtsT and YhjX. Responds to depletion of nutrients, specifically serine, and the concomitant presence of extracellular pyruvate. BtsS is a high-affinity receptor for extracellular pyruvate that activates BtsR by phosphorylation. Activation of the BtsS/BtsR signaling cascade also suppresses Yp [...] (561 aa) |
| | narP | Response regulator in two-component regulatory system with NarQ; This protein activates the expression of the nitrate reductase (narGHJI) and formate dehydrogenase-N (fdnGHI) operons and represses the transcription of the fumarate reductase (frdABCD) operon in response to a nitrate/nitrite induction signal transmitted by either the NarX or NarQ proteins. (215 aa) |
| | rcsD | Phosphotransfer intermediate protein in two-component regulatory system with RcsBC; Component of the Rcs signaling system, which controls transcription of numerous genes. RcsD is a phosphotransfer intermediate between the sensor kinase RcsC and the response regulator RcsB. It acquires a phosphoryl group from RcsC and transfers it to RcsB. The system controls expression of genes involved in colanic acid capsule synthesis, biofilm formation and cell division. (890 aa) |
| | rcsB | Response regulator in two-component regulatory system with RcsC and YojN; Component of the Rcs signaling system, which controls transcription of numerous genes. RcsB is the response regulator that binds to regulatory DNA regions. Can function both in an RcsA-dependent or RcsA-independent manner. The system regulates expression of numerous genes, including genes involved in colanic acid capsule synthesis, biofilm formation, cell division and outer membrane proteins synthesis. Also involved, with GadE, in control of glutamate-dependent acid resistance, and, with BglJ, in derepression of [...] (216 aa) |
| | rcsC | Hybrid sensory kinase in two-component regulatory system with RcsB and YojN; Component of the Rcs signaling system, which controls transcription of numerous genes. RcsC functions as a membrane- associated protein kinase that phosphorylates RcsD in response to environmental signals. The phosphoryl group is then transferred to the response regulator RcsB. RcsC has also phosphatase activity. The system controls expression of genes involved in colanic acid capsule synthesis, biofilm formation and cell division. (949 aa) |
| | atoS | Sensory histidine kinase in two-component regulatory system with AtoC; Member of the two-component regulatory system AtoS/AtoC. In the presence of acetoacetate, AtoS/AtoC stimulates the expression of the atoDAEB operon, leading to short chain fatty acid catabolism and activation of the poly-(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate (cPHB) biosynthetic pathway. Also induces the operon in response to spermidine. Involved in the regulation of motility and chemotaxis, via transcriptional induction of the flagellar regulon. AtoS is a membrane-associated kinase that phosphorylates and activates AtoC in response [...] (608 aa) |
| | atoC | Regulatory protein AtoC; Member of the two-component regulatory system AtoS/AtoC. In the presence of acetoacetate, AtoS/AtoC stimulates the expression of the atoDAEB operon, leading to short chain fatty acid catabolism and activation of the poly-(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate (cPHB) biosynthetic pathway. Also induces the operon in response to spermidine. Involved in the regulation of motility and chemotaxis, via transcriptional induction of the flagellar regulon. AtoC acts by binding directly to the promoter region of the target genes. In addition to its role as a transcriptional regulator, fun [...] (461 aa) |
| | argT | Lysine/arginine/ornithine transporter subunit; Part of an ABC transporter involved in lysine, arginine and ornithine transport. Stimulates ATPase activity of HisP (By similarity). (260 aa) |
| | evgA | Response regulator in two-component regulatory system with EvgS; Member of the two-component regulatory system EvgS/EvgA. Regulates the expression of emrKY operon and yfdX. Seems also to control expression of at least one other multidrug efflux operon. (204 aa) |
| | evgS | Hybrid sensory histidine kinase in two-component regulatory system with EvgA; Member of the two-component regulatory system EvgS/EvgA. Phosphorylates EvgA via a four-step phosphorelay in response to environmental signals. (1197 aa) |
| | ypdA | Sensor kinase regulating yhjX; Member of the two-component regulatory system YpdA/YpdB, which is part of a nutrient-sensing regulatory network composed of YpdA/YpdB, the high-affinity pyruvate signaling system BtsS/BtsR and their respective target proteins, YhjX and BtsT. YpdA activates YpdB by phosphorylation in response to high concentrations of extracellular pyruvate. Activation of the YpdA/YpdB signaling cascade also promotes BtsS/BtsR-mediated btsT expression. (565 aa) |
| | ypdB | Response regulator activating yhjX; Member of the two-component regulatory system YpdA/YpdB, which is part of a nutrient-sensing regulatory network composed of YpdA/YpdB, the high-affinity pyruvate signaling system BtsS/BtsR and their respective target proteins, YhjX and BtsT. YpdB regulates expression of yhjX by binding to its promoter region. Activation of the YpdA/YpdB signaling cascade also promotes BtsS/BtsR-mediated btsT expression. (244 aa) |
| | narQ | Sensory histidine kinase in two-component regulatory system with NarP; Acts as a sensor for nitrate/nitrite and transduces signal of nitrate/nitrite availability to the NarL/NarP proteins. NarQ probably activates NarL and NarP by phosphorylation. NarQ probably negatively regulates the NarL protein by dephosphorylation. (566 aa) |
| | hyfR | Hydrogenase-4 transcriptional activator; A transcriptional activator of its own operon; when overexpressed operon expression is strongly enhanced by low pH (under pH 6.0), strongly inhibited by O(2) but only weakly stimulated by fumarate. Expression in situ is very weak. (670 aa) |
| | sseA | 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase; Transfers a sulfur ion to cyanide or to other thiol compounds. Also has weak rhodanese activity (130-fold lower). Its participation in detoxification of cyanide may be small. May be involved in the enhancement of serine sensitivity. (281 aa) |
| | suhB | Inositol-1-monophosphatase; Protein involved in transcription. (267 aa) |
| | glrR | Response regulator regulating glmY sRNA in two-component system with sensor protein GlrK; Member of the two-component regulatory system GlrR/GlrK that up-regulates transcription of the glmY sRNA when cells enter the stationary growth phase. Regulates glmY transcription by binding to three conserved sites in the purL-glmY intergenic region. (444 aa) |
| | glrK | Sensor protein kinase regulating glmY sRNA in two-component system with response regulator GlrR; Member of the two-component regulatory system GlrR/GlrK that up-regulates transcription of the glmY sRNA when cells enter the stationary growth phase. Activates GlrR by phosphorylation. (475 aa) |
| | yfiN | Putative membrane-anchored diguanylate cyclase; Bifunctional protein that catalyzes the synthesis of cyclic- di-GMP (c-di-GMP) in response to reductive stress and then dynamically relocates to the division site to arrest cell division in response to envelope stress. In the presence of high intracellular c-di-GMP levels, and in response to envelope stress, interacts with cell division proteins and halts cell division, without disassembling the Z ring, but by blocking its further progress toward cytokinesis. Part of a network that regulates cell motility by altering levels of c- di-GMP. (408 aa) |
| | recN | Recombination and repair protein; May be involved in recombinational repair of damaged DNA; Belongs to the RecN family. (553 aa) |
| | gabP | Gamma-aminobutyrate transporter; Transporter for GABA; Belongs to the amino acid-polyamine-organocation (APC) superfamily. Amino acid transporter (AAT) (TC 2.A.3.1) family. (466 aa) |
| | luxS | S-ribosylhomocysteine lyase; Involved in the synthesis of autoinducer 2 (AI-2) which is secreted by bacteria and is used to communicate both the cell density and the metabolic potential of the environment. The regulation of gene expression in response to changes in cell density is called quorum sensing. Catalyzes the transformation of S-ribosylhomocysteine (RHC) to homocysteine (HC) and 4,5-dihydroxy-2,3-pentadione (DPD). Belongs to the LuxS family. (171 aa) |
| | recX | Regulatory protein for RecA; Modulates RecA activity through direct physical interaction. Can inhibit both RecA recombinase and coprotease activities. May have a regulatory role during the SOS response. Inhibits DNA strand exchange in vitro; Belongs to the RecX family. (166 aa) |
| | recA | DNA recombination and repair protein; Required for homologous recombination and the bypass of mutagenic DNA lesions by the SOS response. Catalyzes ATP-driven homologous pairing and strand exchange of DNA molecules necessary for DNA recombinational repair. Catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP in the presence of single-stranded DNA, the ATP-dependent uptake of single- stranded DNA by duplex DNA, and the ATP-dependent hybridization of homologous single-stranded DNAs. The SOS response controls an apoptotic-like death (ALD) induced (in the absence of the mazE-mazF toxin-antitoxin module) in resp [...] (353 aa) |
| | norR | Anaerobic nitric oxide reductase DNA-binding transcriptional activator; Required for the expression of anaerobic nitric oxide (NO) reductase, acts as a transcriptional activator for at least the norVW operon. Activation also requires sigma-54. Not required for induction of the aerobic NO-detoxifying enzyme NO dioxygenase. Binds to the promoter region of norVW, to a consensus target sequence, GT-(N7)-AC, which is highly conserved among proteobacteria. (504 aa) |
| | fhlA | Formate hydrogenlyase transcriptional activator; Required for induction of expression of the formate dehydrogenase H and hydrogenase-3 structural genes. Also activates expression of hyf operon (encodes the silent hydrogenase-4 gene cluster). (692 aa) |
| | mazG | Nucleoside triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase; Involved in the regulation of bacterial cell survival under conditions of nutritional stress. Regulates the type II MazE-MazF toxin-antitoxin (TA) system which mediates programmed cell death (PCD). This is achieved by lowering the cellular concentration of (p)ppGpp produced by RelA under amino acid starvation, thus protecting the cell from the toxicity of MazF. Reduction of (p)ppGpp can be achieved by direct degradation of (p)ppGpp or by degradation of NTPs, which are substrates for (p)ppGpp synthesis by RelA. Belongs to the nucleoside trip [...] (263 aa) |
| | mazF | mRNA interferase toxin, antitoxin is MazE; Toxic component of a type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) system. A sequence-specific endoribonuclease it inhibits protein synthesis by cleaving mRNA and inducing bacterial stasis. It is stable, single- strand specific with mRNA cleavage independent of the ribosome, although translation enhances cleavage for some mRNAs. Cleavage occurs at the 5'-end of ACA sequences, yielding a 2',3'-cyclic phosphate and a free 5'-OH, although cleavage can also occur on the 3'-end of the first A. Digests 16S rRNA in vivo 43 nts upstream of the C- terminus; this remove [...] (111 aa) |
| | barA | Hybrid sensory histidine kinase, in two-component regulatory system with UvrY; Member of the two-component regulatory system UvrY/BarA involved in the regulation of carbon metabolism via the CsrA/CsrB regulatory system. Phosphorylates UvrY, probably via a four-step phosphorelay. (918 aa) |
| | tas | Putative NADP(H)-dependent aldo-keto reductase; Belongs to the aldo/keto reductase family. Aldo/keto reductase 2 subfamily. (346 aa) |
| | yqeI | Putative transcriptional regulator; Putative sensory transducer; To V.cholerae cholera toxin transcriptional activator (ToxR). (269 aa) |
| | ygeH | Putative transcriptional regulator; Putative invasion protein. (458 aa) |
| | insD1-4 | Pseudogene, orgA family, part of T3SS PAI ETT2 remnant. (301 aa) |
| | mqsR | GCU-specific mRNA interferase toxin of the MqsR-MqsA toxin-antitoxin system; Toxic component of a type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) system. Plays a significant role in the control of biofilm formation and induction of persister cells in the presence of antibiotics. An mRNA interferase which has been reported to be translation-independent. It has also been reported to be translation-dependent. Cleavage has been reported to occur on either side of G in the sequence GCU. Also reported to cleave after C in GC(A/U) sequences. There are only 14 genes in E.coli W3110 (and probably also MG1655) tha [...] (98 aa) |
| | qseB | Quorum sensing DNA-binding response regulator in two-component regulatory system with QseC; Member of a two-component regulatory system QseB/QseC. Activates the flagella regulon by activating transcription of FlhDC. Currently it is not known whether this effect is direct or not. (219 aa) |
| | qseC | Quorum sensing sensory histidine kinase in two-component regulatory system with QseB; Member of a two-component regulatory system QseB/QseC. Activates the flagella regulon by activating transcription of FlhDC. May activate QseB by phosphorylation. (449 aa) |
| | yqjH | Putative siderophore interacting protein; Plays a role in iron homeostasis under excess nickel conditions; Belongs to the SIP oxidoreductase family. (254 aa) |
| | aer | Fused signal transducer for aerotaxis sensory component/methyl accepting chemotaxis component; Signal transducer for aerotaxis. The aerotactic response is the accumulation of cells around air bubbles. The nature of the sensory stimulus detected by this protein is the proton motive force or cellular redox state. It uses a FAD prosthetic group as a redox sensor to monitor oxygen levels. (506 aa) |
| | arcB | Aerobic respiration control sensor protein ArcB; Member of the two-component regulatory system ArcB/ArcA. Sensor-regulator protein for anaerobic repression of the arc modulon. Activates ArcA via a four-step phosphorelay. ArcB can also dephosphorylate ArcA by a reverse phosphorelay involving His-717 and Asp-576. (778 aa) |
| | crp | cAMP-activated global transcription factor, mediator of catabolite repression; A global transcription regulator. Complexes with cyclic AMP (cAMP) which allosterically activates DNA binding (to consensus sequence 5'-AAATGTGATCTAGATCACATTT-3') to directly regulate the transcription of about 300 genes in about 200 operons and indirectly regulate the expression of about half the genome. There are 3 classes of CRP promoters; class I promoters have a single CRP-binding site upstream of the RNA polymerase (RNAP)-binding site, whereas in class II promoters the single CRP- and RNAP-binding site [...] (210 aa) |
| | envZ | Sensory histidine kinase in two-component regulatory system with OmpR; Member of the two-component regulatory system EnvZ/OmpR involved in osmoregulation (particularly of genes ompF and ompC) as well as other genes. EnvZ functions as a membrane-associated protein kinase that phosphorylates OmpR in response to environmental signals; at low osmolarity OmpR activates ompF transcription, while at high osmolarity it represses ompF and activates ompC transcription. Also dephosphorylates OmpR in the presence of ATP. The cytoplasmic dimerization domain (CDD) forms an osmosensitive core; increa [...] (450 aa) |
| | ompR | Response regulator in two-component regulatory system with EnvZ; Member of the two-component regulatory system EnvZ/OmpR involved in osmoregulation (particularly of genes ompF and ompC) as well as other genes. Plays a central role in both acid and osmotic stress responses. Binds to the promoter of both ompC and ompF; at low osmolarity it activates ompF transcription, while at high osmolarity it represses ompF and activates ompC transcription. Involved in acid stress response; this requires EnvZ but not OmpR phosphorylation. Phosphorylated by EnvZ; this stimulates OmpR's DNA-binding abi [...] (239 aa) |
| | nfuA | Fe/S biogenesis protein, putative scaffold/chaperone protein; Involved in iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis under severe conditions such as iron starvation or oxidative stress. Binds a 4Fe-4S cluster, can transfer this cluster to apoproteins, and thereby intervenes in the maturation of Fe/S proteins. Could also act as a scaffold/chaperone for damaged Fe/S proteins. Required for E.coli to sustain oxidative stress and iron starvation. Also necessary for the use of extracellular DNA as the sole source of carbon and energy. Belongs to the NfuA family. (191 aa) |
| | rtcR | Sigma 54-dependent transcriptional regulator of rtcBA expression; Transcriptional repressor of the rtcAB genes. Interacts with sigma-54. (532 aa) |
| | yhjK | cyclic-di-GMP phosphodiesterase; Phosphodiesterase (PDE) that catalyzes the hydrolysis of cyclic-di-GMP (c-di-GMP) to 5'-pGpG. (662 aa) |
| | yhjX | Pyruvate-inducible inner membrane protein, putative transporter; Part of a nutrient-sensing regulatory network composed of the two-component regulatory systems BtsS/BtsR and YpdA/YpdB, and their respective target proteins, BtsT and YhjX. Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. (402 aa) |
| | waaH | LPS(HepIII)-glucuronic acid glycosyltransferase; Putative regulator; Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 2 family. (344 aa) |
| | dinD | Protein involved in DNA repair. (274 aa) |
| | uhpC | Membrane protein regulates uhpT expression; Part of the UhpABC signaling cascade that controls the expression of the hexose phosphate transporter UhpT. UhpC senses external glucose-6-phosphate and interacts with the histidine kinase UhpB, leading to the stimulation of the autokinase activity of UhpB. Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Organophosphate:Pi antiporter (OPA) (TC 2.A.1.4) family. (439 aa) |
| | uhpB | Sensory histidine kinase in two-component regulatory sytem with UhpA; Part of the UhpABC signaling cascade that controls the expression of the hexose phosphate transporter UhpT. UhpB functions as a membrane-associated protein kinase that autophosphorylates in response to interaction with UhpC, and subsequently transfers its phosphate group to the response regulator UhpA. Can also dephosphorylate UhpA. (500 aa) |
| | uhpA | Response regulator in two-component regulatory system wtih UhpB; Part of the UhpABC signaling cascade that controls the expression of the hexose phosphate transporter UhpT. Activates the transcription of the uhpT gene. Acts by binding specifically to the uhpT promoter region. (196 aa) |
| | recF | Gap repair protein; The RecF protein is involved in DNA metabolism; it is required for DNA replication and normal SOS inducibility. RecF binds preferentially to single-stranded, linear DNA. It also seems to bind ATP. (357 aa) |
| | uvrD | DNA-dependent ATPase I and helicase II; A helicase with DNA-dependent ATPase activity. Unwinds DNA duplexes with 3' to 5' polarity with respect to the bound strand. Initiates unwinding more efficiently from a nicked substrate than ds duplex DNA. Involved in the post-incision events of nucleotide excision repair and methyl-directed mismatch repair, and probably also in repair of alkylated DNA (Probable). (720 aa) |
