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| | uvrC | Excinuclease UvrABC, endonuclease subunit; The UvrABC repair system catalyzes the recognition and processing of DNA lesions. UvrC both incises the 5' and 3' sides of the lesion. The N-terminal half is responsible for the 3' incision and the C-terminal half is responsible for the 5' incision. (610 aa) |
| | ynhF | Stress response membrane. (29 aa) |
| | yoeB | Toxin of the YoeB-YefM toxin-antitoxin system; Toxic component of a type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) system. Its mode of function is controversial; it has been proposed to be an mRNA interferase but also an inhibitor of translation initiation. When overproduced in wild-type cells, inhibits bacterial growth and translation by cleavage of mRNA molecules while it has a weak effect on colony forming ability. Overproduction of Lon protease specifically activates YoeB-dependent mRNA cleavage, leading to lethality. YefM binds to the promoter region of the yefM-yeoB operon to repress transcription [...] (84 aa) |
| | nadR | Trifunctional NAD biosynthesis/regulator protein NadR; This enzyme has three activities: DNA binding, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) adenylyltransferase and ribosylnicotinamide (RN) kinase. The DNA-binding domain binds to the nadB operator sequence in an NAD- and ATP-dependent manner. As NAD levels increase within the cell, the affinity of NadR for the nadB operator regions of nadA, nadB, and pncB increases, repressing the transcription of these genes. The RN kinase activity catalyzes the phosphorylation of RN to form nicotinamide ribonucleotide. The NMN adenylyltransferase activity [...] (410 aa) |
| | radA | DNA repair protein; DNA-dependent ATPase involved in processing of recombination intermediates, plays a role in repairing DNA breaks. Stimulates the branch migration of RecA-mediated strand transfer reactions, allowing the 3' invading strand to extend heteroduplex DNA faster. Binds ssDNA in the presence of ADP but not other nucleotides, has ATPase activity that is stimulated by ssDNA and various branched DNA structures, but inhibited by SSB. Does not have RecA's homology-searching function. Genetic experiments involving combination of radA mutations with mutations in recA, recB, recG, [...] (460 aa) |
| | osmY | Salt-inducible putative ABC transporter periplasmic binding protein; Hyperosmotically inducible periplasmic protein; Protein involved in response to osmotic stress. (201 aa) |
| | holD | DNA polymerase III, psi subunit; Part of the beta sliding clamp loading complex, which hydrolyzes ATP to load the beta clamp onto primed DNA to form the DNA replication pre-initiation complex. DNA polymerase III is a complex, multichain enzyme responsible for most of the replicative synthesis in bacteria. This DNA polymerase also exhibits 3' to 5' exonuclease activity. The exact function of the psi subunit is unknown. (137 aa) |
| | bglJ | Bgl operon transcriptional activator; A crytic transcriptional activator. When its expression is induced it relieves H-NS repression of the bgl operon. Acts independently of transcription factor LeuO. (225 aa) |
| | yjjB | DUF3815 family inner membrane protein. (157 aa) |
| | mrr | Methylated adenine and cytosine restriction protein; Involved in the acceptance of foreign DNA which is modified. Restricts both adenine- and cytosine-methylated DNA. (304 aa) |
| | fimH | Minor component of type 1 fimbriae; Involved in regulation of length and mediation of adhesion of type 1 fimbriae (but not necessary for the production of fimbriae). Adhesin responsible for the binding to D-mannose. It is laterally positioned at intervals in the structure of the type 1 fimbriae. In order to integrate FimH in the fimbriae FimF and FimG are needed. (300 aa) |
| | fimG | Minor component of type 1 fimbriae; Involved in regulation of length and mediation of adhesion of type 1 fimbriae (but not necessary for the production of fimbriae). Involved in the integration of FimH in the fimbriae. (167 aa) |
| | fimF | Minor component of type 1 fimbriae; Involved in regulation of length and mediation of adhesion of type 1 fimbriae (but not necessary for the production of fimbriae). Involved in the integration of FimH in the fimbriae; Belongs to the fimbrial protein family. (176 aa) |
| | holC | DNA polymerase III, chi subunit; Part of the beta sliding clamp loading complex, which hydrolyzes ATP to load the beta clamp onto primed DNA to form the DNA replication pre-initiation complex. DNA polymerase III is a complex, multichain enzyme responsible for most of the replicative synthesis in bacteria. This DNA polymerase also exhibits 3' to 5' exonuclease activity. (147 aa) |
| | priB | Primosomal protein N; Binds single-stranded DNA at the primosome assembly site (PAS). During primosome assembly it facilitates the complex formation between PriA and DnaT. Belongs to the PriB family. (104 aa) |
| | rnr | Exoribonuclease R, RNase R; 3'-5' exoribonuclease that releases 5'-nucleoside monophosphates and is involved in maturation of structured RNAs (rRNAs, tRNAs and SsrA/tmRNA). In stationary phase, involved in the post- transcriptional regulation of ompA mRNA stability. Shortens RNA processively to di- and trinucleotides. In vitro, exhibits helicase activity, which is independent of its RNase activity. RNases 2 and R (rnb and this entry) contribute to rRNA degradation during starvation, while RNase R and PNPase (this entry and pnp) are the major contributors to quality control of rRNA duri [...] (813 aa) |
| | hflC | HflB protease modulator specific for phage lambda cII repressor; HflC and HflK help govern the stability of phage lambda cII protein, and thereby control the lysogenization frequency of phage lambda. HflKC inhibits the SecY-degrading activity of FtsH, possibly helping quality control of integral membrane proteins. Belongs to the band 7/mec-2 family. HflC subfamily. (334 aa) |
| | hflK | Modulator for HflB protease specific for phage lambda cII repressor; HflC and HflK help govern the stability of phage lambda cII protein, and thereby control the lysogenization frequency of phage lambda. HflKC inhibits the SecY-degrading activity of FtsH, possibly helping quality control of integral membrane proteins. Belongs to the band 7/mec-2 family. HflK subfamily. (419 aa) |
| | hflX | GTPase, stimulated by 50S subunit binding; GTPase that associates with the 50S ribosomal subunit and may have a role during protein synthesis or ribosome biogenesis. In vitro, also exhibits ATPase activity. (426 aa) |
| | miaA | Delta(2)-isopentenylpyrophosphate tRNA-adenosine transferase; Catalyzes the transfer of a dimethylallyl group onto the adenine at position 37 in tRNAs that read codons beginning with uridine, leading to the formation of N6-(dimethylallyl)adenosine (i(6)A); Belongs to the IPP transferase family. (316 aa) |
| | epmA | Elongation Factor P Lys34 lysyltransferase; With EpmB is involved in the beta-lysylation step of the post-translational modification of translation elongation factor P (EF- P) on 'Lys-34'. Catalyzes the ATP-dependent activation of (R)-beta- lysine produced by EpmB, forming a lysyl-adenylate, from which the beta-lysyl moiety is then transferred to the epsilon-amino group of EF- P 'Lys-34'. The substrate (R)-beta-lysine is 100-fold more efficient than either (S)-beta-lysine or L-alpha-lysine. Cannot ligate lysine to any tRNA. (325 aa) |
| | groL | Cpn60 chaperonin GroEL, large subunit of GroESL; Prevents misfolding and promotes the refolding and proper assembly of unfolded polypeptides generated under stress conditions. (548 aa) |
| | groS | Cpn10 chaperonin GroES, small subunit of GroESL; Binds to Cpn60 in the presence of Mg-ATP and suppresses the ATPase activity of the latter; Belongs to the GroES chaperonin family. (97 aa) |
| | cadB | Putative lysine/cadaverine transporter; Probable cadaverine/lysine antiporter or part of it. (444 aa) |
| | proP | Proline/glycine betaine transporter; Proton symporter that senses osmotic shifts and responds by importing osmolytes such as proline, glycine betaine, stachydrine, pipecolic acid, ectoine and taurine. It is both an osmosensor and an osmoregulator which is available to participate early in the bacterial osmoregulatory response; Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Metabolite:H+ Symporter (MHS) family (TC 2.A.1.6) family. (500 aa) |
| | uvrA | ATPase and DNA damage recognition protein of nucleotide excision repair excinuclease UvrABC; The UvrABC repair system catalyzes the recognition and processing of DNA lesions. UvrA is an ATPase and a DNA-binding protein. A damage recognition complex composed of 2 UvrA and 2 UvrB subunits scans DNA for abnormalities. When the presence of a lesion has been verified by UvrB, the UvrA molecules dissociate. (940 aa) |
| | dnaB | Replicative DNA helicase; Participates in initiation and elongation during chromosome replication; it exhibits DNA-dependent ATPase activity and contains distinct active sites for ATP binding, DNA binding, and interaction with DnaC protein, primase, and other prepriming proteins. (471 aa) |
| | dgkA | Diacylglycerol kinase; Recycling of diacylglycerol produced during the turnover of membrane phospholipid. (122 aa) |
| | yjaA | Stress-induced protein. (127 aa) |
| | rpoC | RNA polymerase, beta prime subunit; DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. (1407 aa) |
| | rpoB | RNA polymerase, beta subunit; DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. (1342 aa) |
| | priA | Primosome factor n' (replication factor Y); Involved in the restart of stalled replication forks. Recognizes and binds the arrested nascent DNA chain at stalled replication forks. It can open the DNA duplex, via its helicase activity, and promote assembly of the primosome and loading of the major replicative helicase DnaB onto DNA. Is also involved in initiation of normal DNA replication in various plasmids and phages. Binds to branched DNA structures that resemble D-loops or to the primosome assembly site (PAS). Binds to DNA in two distinct modes, either dependent on or independent of [...] (732 aa) |
| | hslV | Peptidase component of the HslUV protease; Protease subunit of a proteasome-like degradation complex believed to be a general protein degrading machinery. The complex has been shown to be involved in the specific degradation of heat shock induced transcription factors such as RpoH and SulA. In addition, small hydrophobic peptides are also hydrolyzed by HslV. HslV has weak protease activity even in the absence of HslU, but this activity is induced more than 100-fold in the presence of HslU. HslU recognizes protein substrates and unfolds these before guiding them to HslV for hydrolysis. [...] (176 aa) |
| | hslU | Molecular chaperone and ATPase component of HslUV protease; ATPase subunit of a proteasome-like degradation complex; this subunit has chaperone activity. The binding of ATP and its subsequent hydrolysis by HslU are essential for unfolding of protein substrates subsequently hydrolyzed by HslV. HslU recognizes the N-terminal part of its protein substrates and unfolds these before they are guided to HslV for hydrolysis. (443 aa) |
| | uspD | Stress-induced protein; Required for resistance to DNA-damaging agents. (142 aa) |
| | cpxA | Sensory histidine kinase in two-component regulatory system with CpxR; Histidine kinase member of the two-component regulatory system CpxA/CpxR which responds to envelope stress response by activating expression of downstream genes including cpxP, degP, dsbA and ppiA. Activates CpxR by phosphorylation; has autokinase, phosphotransferase and (in the presence of Mg(2+) and/or ATP or ADP) phosphatase activity. The kinase activity is inhibited by periplasmic accessory protein CpxP; proteolysis of CpxP relieves inhibition. Involved in several diverse cellular processes, including the functi [...] (457 aa) |
| | sodA | Superoxide dismutase, Mn; Destroys superoxide anion radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems; Belongs to the iron/manganese superoxide dismutase family. (206 aa) |
| | dtd | D-tyr-tRNA(Tyr) deacylase; An aminoacyl-tRNA editing enzyme that deacylates mischarged D-aminoacyl-tRNAs, has no observable editing activity on tRNAs charged with cognate L-amino acid. Edits mischarged glycyl-tRNA(Ala) more efficiently than AlaRS. Acts via tRNA-based rather than protein-based catalysis. Rejects correctly charged L-amino acid-tRNAs from its binding site rather than specifically recognizing incorrectly charged D-amino acid-tRNAs. Hydrolyzes correctly charged, achiral, glycyl-tRNA(Gly); GTP-bound EF-Tu (tested with T.thermophilus EF-Tu AC Q5SHN6) protects charged glycyl-t [...] (145 aa) |
| | glnA | Glutamine synthetase; Catalyzes the ATP-dependent biosynthesis of glutamine from glutamate and ammonia. (469 aa) |
| | tatC | TatABCE protein translocation system subunit; Part of the twin-arginine translocation (Tat) system that transports large folded proteins containing a characteristic twin- arginine motif in their signal peptide across membranes. Together with TatB, TatC is part of a receptor directly interacting with Tat signal peptides. (258 aa) |
| | uvrD | DNA-dependent ATPase I and helicase II; A helicase with DNA-dependent ATPase activity. Unwinds DNA duplexes with 3' to 5' polarity with respect to the bound strand. Initiates unwinding more efficiently from a nicked substrate than ds duplex DNA. Involved in the post-incision events of nucleotide excision repair and methyl-directed mismatch repair, and probably also in repair of alkylated DNA (Probable). (720 aa) |
| | rep | ATP-dependent DNA helicase Rep; Rep helicase is a single-stranded DNA-dependent ATPase involved in DNA replication; it can initiate unwinding at a nick in the DNA. It binds to the single-stranded DNA and acts in a progressive fashion along the DNA in the 3' to 5' direction. (673 aa) |
| | mnmG | 5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine modification at tRNA U34; NAD-binding protein involved in the addition of a carboxymethylaminomethyl (cmnm) group at the wobble position (U34) of certain tRNAs, forming tRNA-cmnm(5)s(2)U34. (629 aa) |
| | pstS | Phosphate ABC transporter periplasmic binding protein; Part of the ABC transporter complex PstSACB involved in phosphate import; Belongs to the PstS family. (346 aa) |
| | pstC | Phosphate ABC transporter permease; Part of the binding-protein-dependent transport system for phosphate; probably responsible for the translocation of the substrate across the membrane; Belongs to the binding-protein-dependent transport system permease family. CysTW subfamily. (319 aa) |
| | phoU | Negative regulator of PhoR/PhoB two-component regulator; Part of the phosphate (Pho) regulon, which plays a key role in phosphate homeostasis. Encoded together with proteins of the phosphate-specific transport (Pst) system in the polycistronic pstSCAB- phoU operon. PhoU is essential for the repression of the Pho regulon at high phosphate conditions. In this role, it may bind, possibly as a chaperone, to PhoR, PhoB or a PhoR-PhoB complex to promote dephosphorylation of phospho-PhoB, or inhibit formation of the PhoR- PhoB transitory complex. Is also part of complex networks important for [...] (241 aa) |
| | mnmE | tRNA U34 5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine modification GTPase; Exhibits a very high intrinsic GTPase hydrolysis rate. Involved in the addition of a carboxymethylaminomethyl (cmnm) group at the wobble position (U34) of certain tRNAs, forming tRNA- cmnm(5)s(2)U34. (454 aa) |
| | recF | Gap repair protein; The RecF protein is involved in DNA metabolism; it is required for DNA replication and normal SOS inducibility. RecF binds preferentially to single-stranded, linear DNA. It also seems to bind ATP. (357 aa) |
| | ibpA | Heat shock chaperone; Associates with aggregated proteins, together with IbpB, to stabilize and protect them from irreversible denaturation and extensive proteolysis during heat shock and oxidative stress. Aggregated proteins bound to the IbpAB complex are more efficiently refolded and reactivated by the ATP-dependent chaperone systems ClpB and DnaK/DnaJ/GrpE. Its activity is ATP-independent. (137 aa) |
| | ibpB | Heat shock chaperone; Associates with aggregated proteins, together with IbpA, to stabilize and protect them from irreversible denaturation and extensive proteolysis during heat shock and oxidative stress. Aggregated proteins bound to the IbpAB complex are more efficiently refolded and reactivated by the ATP-dependent chaperone systems ClpB and DnaK/DnaJ/GrpE. Its activity is ATP-independent. (142 aa) |
| | recG | ATP-dependent DNA helicase; Plays a critical role in recombination and DNA repair. Helps process Holliday junction intermediates to mature products by catalyzing branch migration. Has a DNA unwinding activity characteristic of a DNA helicase with 3'- to 5'- polarity. Unwinds branched duplex DNA (Y-DNA). Has a role in constitutive stable DNA replication (cSDR) and R-loop formation. Is genetically synergistic to RadA and RuvABC. Belongs to the helicase family. RecG subfamily. (693 aa) |
| | rpoZ | RNA polymerase, omega subunit; Promotes RNA polymerase assembly. Latches the N- and C- terminal regions of the beta' subunit thereby facilitating its interaction with the beta and alpha subunits. (91 aa) |
| | envC | Activator of AmiB,C murein hydrolases, septal ring factor; Activator of the cell wall hydrolases AmiA and AmiB. Required for septal murein cleavage and daughter cell separation during cell division. In vitro, exhibits weak endoproteolytic activity on beta- casein. (419 aa) |
| | cysE | Serine acetyltransferase; Protein involved in cysteine biosynthetic process; Belongs to the transferase hexapeptide repeat family. (273 aa) |
| | yibA | Putative immunity protein for polymorphic toxin RhsA; HEAT-domain protein; lethality reduction protein. (280 aa) |
| | yiaL | DUF386 family protein; Putative lipase; Belongs to the TabA/YhcH/YiaL family. (155 aa) |
| | cspA | RNA chaperone and antiterminator, cold-inducible; Binds to and stimulates the transcription of the CCAAT- containing, cold-shock-inducible promoters of the H-NS and GyrA proteins. Binds also to the inverted repeat 5'-ATTGG-3'. (70 aa) |
| | dppF | Dipeptide/heme ABC transporter ATPas; Part of the binding-protein-dependent transport system for dipeptides. Probably responsible for energy coupling to the transport system; Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. (334 aa) |
| | yhjV | Putative transporter protein. (423 aa) |
| | treF | Cytoplasmic trehalase; Hydrolyzes trehalose to glucose. Could be involved, in cells returning to low osmolarity conditions, in the utilization of the accumulated cytoplasmic trehalose, which was synthesized in response to high osmolarity; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 37 family. (549 aa) |
| | gadE | Gad regulon transcriptional activator; Regulates the expression of several genes involved in acid resistance. Required for the expression of gadA and gadBC, among others, regardless of media or growth conditions. Binds directly to the 20 bp GAD box found in the control regions of both loci. (175 aa) |
| | hdeD | Acid-resistance membrane protein. (190 aa) |
| | hdeA | Stress response protein acid-resistance protein; Required for optimal acid stress protection. Exhibits a chaperone-like activity only at pH below 3 by suppressing non- specifically the aggregation of denaturated periplasmic proteins. Important for survival of enteric bacteria in the acidic environment of the host stomach. Also promotes the solubilization at neutral pH of proteins that had aggregated in their presence at acidic pHs. May cooperate with other periplasmic chaperones such as DegP and SurA. (110 aa) |
| | hdeB | Acid-resistance protein; Required for optimal acid stress protection, which is important for survival of enteric bacteria in the acidic environment of the host stomach. Exhibits a chaperone-like activity at acidic pH by preventing the aggregation of many different periplasmic proteins. (108 aa) |
| | dctR | Putative LuxR family repressor for dicarboxylate transport; May act as a transcriptional regulator of dctA. (176 aa) |
| | yhiM | Inner membrane protein YhiM; Pseudogene, DUF4049 family protein. (350 aa) |
| | rpoH | RNA polymerase, sigma 32 (sigma H) factor; Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. This sigma factor is involved in regulation of expression of heat shock genes. Intracellular concentration of free RpoH protein increases in response to heat shock, which causes association with RNA polymerase (RNAP) and initiation of transcription of heat shock genes, including numerous global transcriptional regulators and genes involved in maintaining membrane functionality and homeostasis. RpoH is then quic [...] (284 aa) |
| | yhgF | Putative transcriptional accessory protein. (773 aa) |
| | envZ | Sensory histidine kinase in two-component regulatory system with OmpR; Member of the two-component regulatory system EnvZ/OmpR involved in osmoregulation (particularly of genes ompF and ompC) as well as other genes. EnvZ functions as a membrane-associated protein kinase that phosphorylates OmpR in response to environmental signals; at low osmolarity OmpR activates ompF transcription, while at high osmolarity it represses ompF and activates ompC transcription. Also dephosphorylates OmpR in the presence of ATP. The cytoplasmic dimerization domain (CDD) forms an osmosensitive core; increa [...] (450 aa) |
| | hslO | Heat shock protein Hsp33; Redox regulated molecular chaperone. Protects both thermally unfolding and oxidatively damaged proteins from irreversible aggregation. Plays an important role in the bacterial defense system toward oxidative stress. (292 aa) |
| | hslR | Ribosome-associated heat shock protein Hsp15; Involved in the recycling of free 50S ribosomal subunits that still carry a nascent chain. Binds RNA more specifically than DNA. Binds with very high affinity to the free 50S ribosomal subunit. Does not bind it when it is part of the 70S ribosome; Belongs to the HSP15 family. (133 aa) |
| | dam | DNA adenine methyltransferase; Methylates DNA within the sequence GATC and protects the DNA from cleavage by the restriction endonuclease MboI. Although it shares sequence specificity with a number of type II restriction endonucleases and methylases, it is thought to act in postreplication mismatch repair rather than as a part of a restriction modification system. May also play a role in DNA replication. (278 aa) |
| | cysG | Uroporphyrinogen-III C-methyltransferase; Multifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the SAM-dependent methylations of uroporphyrinogen III at position C-2 and C-7 to form precorrin-2 via precorrin-1. Then it catalyzes the NAD-dependent ring dehydrogenation of precorrin-2 to yield sirohydrochlorin. Finally, it catalyzes the ferrochelation of sirohydrochlorin to yield siroheme. In the N-terminal section; belongs to the precorrin-2 dehydrogenase / sirohydrochlorin ferrochelatase family. (457 aa) |
| | slyD | FKBP-type peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase (rotamase); Folding helper with both chaperone and peptidyl-prolyl cis- trans isomerase (PPIase) activities. Chaperone activity prevents aggregation of unfolded or partially folded proteins and promotes their correct folding. PPIases catalyze the cis-trans isomerization of Xaa- Pro bonds of peptides, which accelerates slow steps of protein folding and thus shortens the lifetime of intermediates. Both strategies lower the concentration of intermediates and increase the productivity and yield of the folding reaction. SlyD could be involved in [...] (196 aa) |
| | rpoA | RNA polymerase, alpha subunit; DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RNAP) catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. This subunit plays an important role in subunit assembly since its dimerization is the first step in the sequential assembly of subunits to form the holoenzyme. (329 aa) |
| | fis | Global DNA-binding transcriptional dual regulator; Activates ribosomal RNA transcription, as well other genes. Plays a direct role in upstream activation of rRNA promoters. Binds to a recombinational enhancer sequence that is required to stimulate hin- mediated DNA inversion. Prevents initiation of DNA replication from oriC. Binds to hundreds of transcriptionally active and inactive AT- rich sites, approximately half its binding sites are in non-coding DNA, which only accounts for about 10% of the genome. Belongs to the transcriptional regulatory Fis family. (98 aa) |
| | dusB | tRNA-dihydrouridine synthase B; Catalyzes the synthesis of 5,6-dihydrouridine (D), a modified base found in the D-loop of most tRNAs, via the reduction of the C5-C6 double bond in target uridines; Belongs to the Dus family. DusB subfamily. (321 aa) |
| | yhcN | Cadmium and peroxide resistance protein, stress-induced. (87 aa) |
| | arcB | Aerobic respiration control sensor protein ArcB; Member of the two-component regulatory system ArcB/ArcA. Sensor-regulator protein for anaerobic repression of the arc modulon. Activates ArcA via a four-step phosphorelay. ArcB can also dephosphorylate ArcA by a reverse phosphorelay involving His-717 and Asp-576. (778 aa) |
| | infB | Translation initiation factor IF-2; One of the essential components for the initiation of protein synthesis. May protect N-formylmethionyl-tRNA(fMet) from spontaneous hydrolysis. Promotes N-formylmethionyl-tRNA(fMet) binding to the 30S pre-initiation complex (PIC). Also involved in the hydrolysis of GTP during the formation of the 70S ribosomal complex. Upon addition of the 50S ribosomal subunit, IF-1, IF-2 and IF-3 are released leaving the mature 70S translation initiation complex. Belongs to the TRAFAC class translation factor GTPase superfamily. Classic translation factor GTPase fam [...] (890 aa) |
| | rbfA | 30s ribosome binding factor; One of at least 4 proteins (Era, RbfA, RimM and RsgA/YjeQ) that assist in the late maturation steps of the functional core of the 30S subunit. Essential for efficient processing of pre-16S rRNA. Probably part of the 30S subunit prior to or during the final step in the processing of 16S free 30S ribosomal subunits. Probably interacts with the 5'- terminal helix region of 16S rRNA. Has affinity for free ribosomal 30S subunits but not for 70S ribosomes. Overexpression suppresses a cold-sensitive C23U 16S rRNA mutation. Overexpression decreases the lag time fol [...] (133 aa) |
| | pnp | Polynucleotide phosphorylase/polyadenylase; Involved in mRNA degradation. Catalyzes the phosphorolysis of single-stranded polyribonucleotides processively in the 3'- to 5'- direction. Also involved, along with RNase II, in tRNA processing. RNases II and R contribute to rRNA degradation during starvation, while RNase R and PNPase are the major contributors to quality control of rRNA during steady state growth. (711 aa) |
| | deaD | ATP-dependent RNA helicase; DEAD-box RNA helicase involved in various cellular processes at low temperature, including ribosome biogenesis, mRNA degradation and translation initiation. Exhibits RNA-stimulated ATP hydrolysis and RNA unwinding activity at low temperature. Involved in 50S ribosomal subunit assembly, acting after SrmB, and could also play a role in the biogenesis of the 30S ribosomal subunit. In addition, is involved in mRNA decay, via formation of a cold-shock degradosome with RNase E. Also stimulates translation of some mRNAs, probably at the level of initiation. (629 aa) |
| | yhbO | Stress-resistance protein; Protein and nucleotide deglycase that catalyzes the deglycation of the Maillard adducts formed between amino groups of proteins or nucleotides and reactive carbonyl groups of glyoxals. Thus, functions as a protein deglycase that repairs methylglyoxal- and glyoxal-glycated proteins, and releases repaired proteins and lactate or glycolate, respectively. Deglycates cysteine, arginine and lysine residues in proteins, and thus reactivates these proteins by reversing glycation by glyoxals. Is able to repair glycated serum albumin, collagen, glyceraldehyde-3-phospha [...] (172 aa) |
| | yraP | Outer membrane lipoprotein; Putative periplasmic protein. (191 aa) |
| | alx | Putative membrane-bound redox modulator; Has been proposed to be a redox modulator. (321 aa) |
| | rpoD | RNA polymerase, sigma 70 (sigma D) factor; Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. This sigma factor is the primary sigma factor during exponential growth. Preferentially transcribes genes associated with fast growth, such as ribosomal operons, other protein-synthesis related genes, rRNA- and tRNA-encoding genes and prfB. Belongs to the sigma-70 factor family. RpoD/SigA subfamily. (613 aa) |
| | ttdB | L-tartrate dehydratase, subunit B; Protein involved in fermentation. (201 aa) |
| | nudF | ADP-ribose pyrophosphatase; Acts on ADP-mannose and ADP-glucose as well as ADP-ribose. Prevents glycogen biosynthesis. The reaction catalyzed by this enzyme is a limiting step of the gluconeogenic process. Belongs to the Nudix hydrolase family. NudF subfamily. (209 aa) |
| | ygiN | Quinol monooxygenase; Can oxidize menadiol to menadione. (104 aa) |
| | ftsP | Septal ring component that protects the divisome from stress; Cell division protein that is required for growth during stress conditions. May be involved in protecting or stabilizing the divisomal assembly under conditions of stress. (470 aa) |
| | yqgB | Uncharacterized protein; Belongs to the YqgB family. (43 aa) |
| | loiP | Phe-Phe periplasmic metalloprotease, OM lipoprotein; Metalloprotease that cleaves substrates preferentially between Phe-Phe residues. Plays a role in response to some stress conditions. Seems to regulate the expression of speB. (252 aa) |
| | yggE | Oxidative stress defense protein; Putative actin. (246 aa) |
| | ubiH | 2-octaprenyl-6-methoxyphenol hydroxylase, FAD/NAD(P)-binding; Is likely an oxygenase that introduces the hydroxyl group at carbon four of 2-octaprenyl-6-methoxyphenol resulting in the formation of 2-octaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol. (392 aa) |
| | xerD | Site-specific tyrosine recombinase; Site-specific tyrosine recombinase, which acts by catalyzing the cutting and rejoining of the recombining DNA molecules. Binds cooperatively to specific DNA consensus sequences that are separated from XerC binding sites by a short central region, forming the heterotetrameric XerC-XerD complex that recombines DNA substrates. The complex is essential to convert dimers of the bacterial chromosome into monomers to permit their segregation at cell division. It also contributes to the segregational stability of plasmids at ColE1 xer (or cer) and pSC101 (or [...] (298 aa) |
| | recJ | ssDNA exonuclease, 5' --> 3'-specific; Single-stranded-DNA-specific exonuclease. Required for many types of recombinational events, although the stringency of the requirement for RecJ appears to vary with the type of recombinational event monitored and the other recombination gene products which are available. (577 aa) |
| | thyA | Thymidylate synthetase; Catalyzes the reductive methylation of 2'-deoxyuridine-5'- monophosphate (dUMP) to 2'-deoxythymidine-5'-monophosphate (dTMP) while utilizing 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate (mTHF) as the methyl donor and reductant in the reaction, yielding dihydrofolate (DHF) as a by-product. This enzymatic reaction provides an intracellular de novo source of dTMP, an essential precursor for DNA biosynthesis. This protein also binds to its mRNA thus repressing its own translation. (264 aa) |
| | recC | Exonuclease V (RecBCD complex), gamma chain; A helicase/nuclease that prepares dsDNA breaks (DSB) for recombinational DNA repair. Binds to DSBs and unwinds DNA via a rapid (>1 kb/second) and highly processive (>30 kb) ATP-dependent bidirectional helicase. Unwinds dsDNA until it encounters a Chi (crossover hotspot instigator, 5'-GCTGGTGG-3') sequence from the 3' direction. Cuts ssDNA a few nucleotides 3' to Chi site, by nicking one strand or switching the strand degraded (depending on the reaction conditions). The properties and activities of the enzyme are changed at Chi. The Chi-alter [...] (1122 aa) |
| | recB | Exonuclease V (RecBCD complex), beta subunit; A helicase/nuclease that prepares dsDNA breaks (DSB) for recombinational DNA repair. Binds to DSBs and unwinds DNA via a rapid (>1 kb/second) and highly processive (>30 kb) ATP-dependent bidirectional helicase. Unwinds dsDNA until it encounters a Chi (crossover hotspot instigator, 5'-GCTGGTGG-3') sequence from the 3' direction. Cuts ssDNA a few nucleotides 3' to Chi site, by nicking one strand or switching the strand degraded (depending on the reaction conditions). The properties and activities of the enzyme are changed at Chi. The Chi-alte [...] (1180 aa) |
| | gcvA | Glycine cleavage system transcriptional activator; Regulatory protein for the glycine cleavage system operon (gcv). Mediates activation of gcv by glycine and repression by purines. GcvA is negatively autoregulated. Binds to three sites upstream of the gcv promoter; Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family. (305 aa) |
| | recA | DNA recombination and repair protein; Required for homologous recombination and the bypass of mutagenic DNA lesions by the SOS response. Catalyzes ATP-driven homologous pairing and strand exchange of DNA molecules necessary for DNA recombinational repair. Catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP in the presence of single-stranded DNA, the ATP-dependent uptake of single- stranded DNA by duplex DNA, and the ATP-dependent hybridization of homologous single-stranded DNAs. The SOS response controls an apoptotic-like death (ALD) induced (in the absence of the mazE-mazF toxin-antitoxin module) in resp [...] (353 aa) |
| | gshA | Glutamate-cysteine ligase; Protein involved in glutathione biosynthetic process; Belongs to the glutamate--cysteine ligase type 1 family. Type 1 subfamily. (518 aa) |
| | proX | Glycine betaine/proline ABC transporter periplasmic binding protein; Part of the ProU ABC transporter complex involved in glycine betaine and proline betaine uptake. Binds glycine betaine and proline betaine with high affinity. (330 aa) |
| | proW | Glycine betaine/proline ABC transporter permease; Part of the ProU ABC transporter complex involved in glycine betaine and proline betaine uptake. Probably responsible for the translocation of the substrate across the membrane (Probable); Belongs to the binding-protein-dependent transport system permease family. CysTW subfamily. (354 aa) |
| | proV | Glycine betaine/proline ABC transporter periplasmic binding protein; Part of the ProU ABC transporter complex involved in glycine betaine and proline betaine uptake. Probably responsible for energy coupling to the transport system (Probable). (400 aa) |
| | yfjK | Radiation resistance protein; DEAD/H helicase-like protein; CP4-57 putative defective prophage. (729 aa) |
| | recN | Recombination and repair protein; May be involved in recombinational repair of damaged DNA; Belongs to the RecN family. (553 aa) |
| | grpE | Heat shock protein; Participates actively in the response to hyperosmotic and heat shock by preventing the aggregation of stress-denatured proteins, in association with DnaK and GrpE. It is the nucleotide exchange factor for DnaK and may function as a thermosensor. Unfolded proteins bind initially to DnaJ; upon interaction with the DnaJ-bound protein, DnaK hydrolyzes its bound ATP, resulting in the formation of a stable complex. GrpE releases ADP from DnaK; ATP binding to DnaK triggers the release of the substrate protein, thus completing the reaction cycle. Several rounds of ATP-depen [...] (197 aa) |
| | raiA | Cold shock protein associated with 30S ribosomal subunit; During stationary phase prevents 70S dimer formation, probably in order to regulate translation efficiency during transition between the exponential and the stationary phases. During environmental stress such as cold shock or excessive cell density at stationary phase, stabilizes the 70S ribosome against dissociation, inhibits translation elongation and increases translation accuracy. When normal growth conditions are restored, is quickly released from the ribosome. Has been suggested to inhibit translation elongation by blockin [...] (113 aa) |
| | clpB | Protein disaggregation chaperone; Part of a stress-induced multi-chaperone system, it is involved in the recovery of the cell from heat-induced damage, in cooperation with DnaK, DnaJ and GrpE. Acts before DnaK, in the processing of protein aggregates. Protein binding stimulates the ATPase activity; ATP hydrolysis unfolds the denatured protein aggregates, which probably helps expose new hydrophobic binding sites on the surface of ClpB-bound aggregates, contributing to the solubilization and refolding of denatured protein aggregates by DnaK. (857 aa) |
| | pka | Protein lysine acetyltransferase; Catalyzes the acetyl-CoA-dependent acetylation of lysine residues of a large number of target proteins. Acetylates RNase R in exponential phase cells and RNase II. Required for the glucose-dependent acetylation on multiple lysines of alpha, beta and beta' RNAP subunits. Also acetylates acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase (Acs) and the chromosomal replication initiator protein DnaA, and inhibits their activity. Overexpression leads to the acetylation of a large number of additional proteins and inhibits motility. (886 aa) |
| | rpoE | RNA polymerase sigma E factor; Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase (RNAP) to specific initiation sites and are then released. Extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma-E controls the envelope stress response, responding to periplasmic protein stress, increased levels of periplasmic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as well as heat shock and oxidative stress; it controls protein processing in the extracytoplasmic compartment. The 90 member regulon consists of the genes necessary for the synthesis and maintenance of both proteins and LPS of the outer me [...] (191 aa) |
| | lepA | Back-translocating elongation factor EF4, GTPase; Required for accurate and efficient protein synthesis under certain stress conditions. May act as a fidelity factor of the translation reaction, by catalyzing a one-codon backward translocation of tRNAs on improperly translocated ribosomes. Back-translocation proceeds from a post-translocation (POST) complex to a pre- translocation (PRE) complex, thus giving elongation factor G a second chance to translocate the tRNAs correctly. Binds to ribosomes in a GTP- dependent manner; Belongs to the TRAFAC class translation factor GTPase superfam [...] (599 aa) |
| | recO | Gap repair protein; Involved in DNA repair and RecF pathway recombination; Belongs to the RecO family. (242 aa) |
| | glrK | Sensor protein kinase regulating glmY sRNA in two-component system with response regulator GlrR; Member of the two-component regulatory system GlrR/GlrK that up-regulates transcription of the glmY sRNA when cells enter the stationary growth phase. Activates GlrR by phosphorylation. (475 aa) |
| | iscS | Cysteine desulfurase (tRNA sulfurtransferase), PLP-dependent; Master enzyme that delivers sulfur to a number of partners involved in Fe-S cluster assembly, tRNA modification or cofactor biosynthesis. Catalyzes the removal of elemental sulfur from cysteine to produce alanine. Functions as a sulfur delivery protein for Fe-S cluster synthesis onto IscU, an Fe-S scaffold assembly protein, as well as other S acceptor proteins. Preferentially binds to disordered IscU on which the Fe-S is assembled, IscU converts to the structured state and then dissociates from IscS to transfer the Fe-S to a [...] (404 aa) |
| | hscA | DnaK-like molecular chaperone specific for IscU; Chaperone involved in the maturation of iron-sulfur cluster- containing proteins. Has a low intrinsic ATPase activity which is markedly stimulated by HscB. Involved in the maturation of IscU; Belongs to the heat shock protein 70 family. (616 aa) |
| | guaB | IMP dehydrogenase; Catalyzes the conversion of inosine 5'-phosphate (IMP) to xanthosine 5'-phosphate (XMP), the first committed and rate-limiting step in the de novo synthesis of guanine nucleotides, and therefore plays an important role in the regulation of cell growth. Belongs to the IMPDH/GMPR family. (488 aa) |
| | yfgF | cyclic-di-GMP phosphodiesterase, anaerobic; Phosphodiesterase (PDE) that catalyzes the hydrolysis of cyclic-di-GMP (c-di-GMP) to 5'-pGpG. Truncated proteins consisting of the GGDEF/EAL domains (residues 319-747) or of the EAL domain alone (481-747) have c-di-GMP phosphodiesterase activity. They do not have diguanylate cyclase activity. Cyclic-di-GMP is a second messenger which controls cell surface-associated traits in bacteria. (747 aa) |
| | eutD | Phosphate acetyltransferase; Ethanolamine utilization; homolog of Salmonella acetyl/butyryl P transferase; Protein involved in amine catabolic process. (338 aa) |
| | eutK | Putative ethanol utilization carboxysome structural protein; May be involved in the formation of a specific microcompartment in the cell in which the metabolism of potentially toxic by-products takes place; Belongs to the bacterial microcompartments protein family. (166 aa) |
| | lpxP | Palmitoleoyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP)-dependent acyltransferase; Catalyzes the transfer of palmitoleate from palmitoleoyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) to Kdo(2)-lipid IV(A) to form Kdo(2)- (palmitoleoyl)-lipid IV(A). Required for the biosynthesis of a distinct molecular species of lipid A, which is present only in cells grown at low temperatures. It may confer a selective advantage to cells growing at lower temperatures by making the outer membrane a more effective barrier to harmful chemicals. (306 aa) |
| | frc | formyl-CoA transferase, NAD(P)-binding; Involved in the catabolism of oxalate and in the adapatation to low pH via the induction of the oxalate-dependent acid tolerance response (ATR). Catalyzes the transfer of the CoA moiety from formyl- CoA to oxalate. It can also use succinate as an acceptor. (416 aa) |
| | oxc | Oxalyl CoA decarboxylase, ThDP-dependent; Involved in the catabolism of oxalate and in the adapatation to low pH via the induction of the oxalate-dependent acid tolerance response (ATR). Catalyzes the decarboxylation of oxalyl-CoA to yield carbon dioxide and formyl-CoA; Belongs to the TPP enzyme family. (564 aa) |
| | evgS | Hybrid sensory histidine kinase in two-component regulatory system with EvgA; Member of the two-component regulatory system EvgS/EvgA. Phosphorylates EvgA via a four-step phosphorelay in response to environmental signals. (1197 aa) |
| | yfcA | TauE/TSUP family inner membrane protein; Putative structural protein. (269 aa) |
| | yfaL | Adhesin; Probably an autotransporter. (1250 aa) |
| | ubiG | Bifunctional 3-demethylubiquinone-9 3-methyltransferase/ 2-octaprenyl-6-hydroxy phenol methylase; O-methyltransferase that catalyzes the 2 O-methylation steps in the ubiquinone biosynthetic pathway. (240 aa) |
| | rcsC | Hybrid sensory kinase in two-component regulatory system with RcsB and YojN; Component of the Rcs signaling system, which controls transcription of numerous genes. RcsC functions as a membrane- associated protein kinase that phosphorylates RcsD in response to environmental signals. The phosphoryl group is then transferred to the response regulator RcsB. RcsC has also phosphatase activity. The system controls expression of genes involved in colanic acid capsule synthesis, biofilm formation and cell division. (949 aa) |
| | rcsB | Response regulator in two-component regulatory system with RcsC and YojN; Component of the Rcs signaling system, which controls transcription of numerous genes. RcsB is the response regulator that binds to regulatory DNA regions. Can function both in an RcsA-dependent or RcsA-independent manner. The system regulates expression of numerous genes, including genes involved in colanic acid capsule synthesis, biofilm formation, cell division and outer membrane proteins synthesis. Also involved, with GadE, in control of glutamate-dependent acid resistance, and, with BglJ, in derepression of [...] (216 aa) |
| | rplY | 50S ribosomal subunit protein L25; This is one of the proteins that binds to the 5S RNA in the ribosome where it forms part of the central protuberance. Binds to the 5S rRNA independently of L5 and L18. Not required for binding of the 5S rRNA/L5/L18 subcomplex to 23S rRNA. (94 aa) |
| | yejH | Putative ATP-dependent DNA or RNA helicase; RadD contains helicase motifs, suggesting it may be a helicase, although that activity has not been observed (Probable). In combination with RadA is important in repair of double-strand DNA breaks (DSB). Has DNA-independent ATPase activity that is stimulated by single-stranded DNA-binding protein SSB. ATPase is stimulated by a peptide with the last 10 residues of SSB, but not when the peptide's last Phe residue is missing. Binds ssDNA; binding is slightly better in the presence of nucleotides. May be involved in resolution of branched DNA int [...] (586 aa) |
| | osmF | Putative ABC transporter periplasmic binding protein; Part of an ABC transporter complex involved in low-affinity glycine betaine uptake. Binds glycine betaine with low affinity. Belongs to the OsmX family. (305 aa) |
| | dcd | Deoxycytidine triphosphate deaminase; Catalyzes the deamination of dCTP to dUTP. (193 aa) |
| | cpsB | Mannose-1-phosphate guanyltransferase; Involved in the biosynthesis of the capsular polysaccharide colanic acid. (478 aa) |
| | rfbC | dTDP-4-deoxyrhamnose-3,5-epimerase; Catalyzes the epimerization of the C3' and C5'positions of dTDP-6-deoxy-D-xylo-4-hexulose, forming dTDP-6-deoxy-L-lyxo-4-hexulose. Belongs to the dTDP-4-dehydrorhamnose 3,5-epimerase family. (185 aa) |
| | hchA | Protein/nucleic acid deglycase 1; Protein and nucleotide deglycase that catalyzes the deglycation of the Maillard adducts formed between amino groups of proteins or nucleotides and reactive carbonyl groups of glyoxals. Thus, functions as a protein deglycase that repairs methylglyoxal- and glyoxal-glycated proteins, and releases repaired proteins and lactate or glycolate, respectively. Deglycates cysteine, arginine and lysine residues in proteins, and thus reactivates these proteins by reversing glycation by glyoxals. Is able to repair glycated serum albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, [...] (283 aa) |
| | yodD | Uncharacterized protein. (75 aa) |
| | otsB | Trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase, biosynthetic; Removes the phosphate from trehalose 6-phosphate (Tre6P) to produce free trehalose. Also catalyzes the dephosphorylation of glucose-6-phosphate (Glu6P) and 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate (2dGlu6P). (266 aa) |
| | otsA | Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase; Catalyzes the transfer of glucose from UDP-alpha-D-glucose (UDP-Glc) to D-glucose 6-phosphate (Glc-6-P) to form trehalose-6- phosphate. Acts with retention of the anomeric configuration of the UDP-sugar donor. Essential for viability of the cells at low temperatures and at elevated osmotic strength. Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 20 family. (474 aa) |
| | uspC | Universal stress protein; Required for resistance to DNA-damaging agents. (142 aa) |
| | cheA | Chemotaxis protein CheA; Involved in the transmission of sensory signals from the chemoreceptors to the flagellar motors. CheA is autophosphorylated; it can transfer its phosphate group to either CheB or CheY. (654 aa) |
| | cheY | Chemotaxis regulator transmitting signal to flagellar motor component; Involved in the transmission of sensory signals from the chemoreceptors to the flagellar motors. In its active (phosphorylated or acetylated) form, CheY exhibits enhanced binding to a switch component, FliM, at the flagellar motor which induces a change from counterclockwise to clockwise flagellar rotation. Overexpression of CheY in association with MotA and MotB improves motility of a ycgR disruption, suggesting there is an interaction (direct or indirect) between the c-di-GMP-binding flagellar brake protein and th [...] (129 aa) |
| | yebC | UPF0082 family protein. (246 aa) |
| | ruvC | Component of RuvABC resolvasome, endonuclease; Nuclease that resolves Holliday junction intermediates in genetic recombination. Cleaves the cruciform structure in supercoiled DNA by nicking to strands with the same polarity at sites symmetrically opposed at the junction in the homologous arms and leaves a 5'-terminal phosphate and a 3'-terminal hydroxyl group. (173 aa) |
| | ruvA | Component of RuvABC resolvasome, regulatory subunit; The RuvA-RuvB complex in the presence of ATP renatures cruciform structure in supercoiled DNA with palindromic sequence, indicating that it may promote strand exchange reactions in homologous recombination. RuvAB is a helicase that mediates the Holliday junction migration by localized denaturation and reannealing. RuvA stimulates, in the presence of DNA, the weak ATPase activity of RuvB. Binds both single- and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). Binds preferentially to supercoiled rather than to relaxed dsDNA. (203 aa) |
| | ruvB | ATP-dependent DNA helicase, component of RuvABC resolvasome; The RuvA-RuvB complex in the presence of ATP renatures cruciform structure in supercoiled DNA with palindromic sequence, indicating that it may promote strand exchange reactions in homologous recombination. RuvAB is a helicase that mediates the Holliday junction migration by localized denaturation and reannealing. Belongs to the RuvB family. (336 aa) |
| | yebG | DNA damage-inducible protein regulated by LexA; Protein involved in DNA repair and SOS response. (96 aa) |
| | pphA | Serine/threonine-specific protein phosphatase 1; Plays a key role in signaling protein misfolding via the CpxR/CPXA transducing system. It also modulates the phosphorylated status of many phosphoproteins in E.coli, some of which acting as major chaperones. Has been shown, in vitro, to act on Ser, Thr and Tyr- phosphorylated substrates; Belongs to the PPP phosphatase family. PP-1 subfamily. (218 aa) |
| | yebS | Inner membrane PqiA domain protein; Component of a transport pathway that contributes to membrane integrity; Belongs to the PqiA family. (427 aa) |
| | proQ | RNA chaperone, putative ProP translation regulator; RNA chaperone with significant RNA binding, RNA strand exchange and RNA duplexing activities. May regulate ProP activity through an RNA-based, post-transcriptional mechanism. (232 aa) |
| | htpX | Putative endopeptidase; Membrane-localized protease able to endoproteolytically degrade overproduced SecY but not YccA, another membrane protein. It seems to cleave SecY at specific cytoplasmic sites. Does not require ATP. Its natural substrate has not been identified. Probably plays a role in the quality control of integral membrane proteins. Belongs to the peptidase M48B family. (293 aa) |
| | mgrB | Regulatory peptide for PhoPQ, feedback inhibition; Represses PhoP/PhoQ signaling, possibly by binding to the periplasmic domain of PhoQ, altering its activity and that of downstream effector PhoP. PhoP-regulated transcription is redox- sensitive, being activated when the periplasm becomes more reducing (deletion of dsbA/dsbB, treatment with dithiothreitol). MgrB acts between DsbA/DsbB and PhoP/PhoQ in this pathway; the 2 periplasmic Cys residues of MgrB are required for its action on PhoQ, and thus PhoP. (47 aa) |
| | yobF | DUF2527 family heat-induced protein. (47 aa) |
| | fadD | acyl-CoA synthetase (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase); Catalyzes the esterification, concomitant with transport, of exogenous long-chain fatty acids into metabolically active CoA thioesters for subsequent degradation or incorporation into phospholipids. Activity is the highest with fatty acid substrates of > 10 carbon atoms. Is involved in the aerobic beta- oxidative degradation of fatty acids, which allows aerobic growth of E.coli on fatty acids as a sole carbon and energy source. (561 aa) |
| | ves | Cold- and stress-inducible protein; Belongs to the Ves family. (191 aa) |
| | osmE | Osmotically-inducible lipoprotein; Activator of ntrL gene; Protein involved in transcription activator activity, transcription and response to osmotic stress. (112 aa) |
| | katE | Catalase HPII, heme d-containing; Decomposes hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen; serves to protect cells from the toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide. (753 aa) |
| | infC | Translation initiation factor IF-3; One of the essential components for the initiation of protein synthesis.IF-3 binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit and shifts the equilibrum between 70S ribosomes and their 50S and 30S subunits in favor of the free subunits, thus enhancing the availability of 30S subunits on which protein synthesis initiation begins. (180 aa) |
| | sufC | SufBCD Fe-S cluster assembly scaffold protein, ATP-binding protein; Has low ATPase activity. The SufBCD complex acts synergistically with SufE to stimulate the cysteine desulfurase activity of SufS. The SufBCD complex contributes to the assembly or repair of oxygen-labile iron-sulfur clusters under oxidative stress. May facilitate iron uptake from extracellular iron chelators under iron limitation. (248 aa) |
| | pykF | Pyruvate kinase I (formerly F), fructose stimulated; Protein involved in glycolysis, fermentation and anaerobic respiration. (470 aa) |
| | nth | DNA glycosylase and apyrimidinic (AP) lyase (endonuclease III); DNA repair enzyme that has both DNA N-glycosylase activity and AP-lyase activity. The DNA N-glycosylase activity releases various damaged pyrimidines from DNA by cleaving the N-glycosidic bond, leaving an AP (apurinic/apyrimidinic) site. The AP-lyase activity cleaves the phosphodiester bond 3' to the AP site by a beta-elimination, leaving a 3'-terminal unsaturated sugar and a product with a terminal 5'- phosphate. (211 aa) |
| | asr | Acid shock-inducible periplasmic protein; Required for growth and/or survival at acidic conditions (pH 4.5). Needed for the adaptation process at pH 4.5 that enables cells to survive at extremely low pH (pH 2.0); Belongs to the Asr family. (102 aa) |
| | clcB | H(+)/Cl(-) exchange transporter; Probably acts as an electrical shunt for an outwardly- directed proton pump that is linked to amino acid decarboxylation, as part of the extreme acid resistance (XAR) response. Belongs to the chloride channel (TC 2.A.49) family. ClcB subfamily. (418 aa) |
| | cspB | Qin prophage; cold shock protein. (71 aa) |
| | cspI | Qin prophage; Cold shock-like protein. (70 aa) |
| | ydfK | Cold shock protein YdfK; Cryptic prophage Qin/Kim. (77 aa) |
| | marR | Transcriptional repressor of multiple antibiotic resistance; Repressor of the marRAB operon which is involved in the activation of both antibiotic resistance and oxidative stress genes. Binds to the marO operator/promoter site. (144 aa) |
| | lsrR | Lsr operon transcriptional repressor; Regulates transcription of many different genes. In the absence of autoinducer 2 (AI-2), represses transcription of the lsrACDBFG operon and its own transcription. In the presence of AI-2, LsrR is inactivated by binding phospho-AI-2, leading to the transcription of the lsr genes. (317 aa) |
| | ydeP | Putative oxidoreductase; Probably involved in acid resistance. Belongs to the prokaryotic molybdopterin-containing oxidoreductase family. (759 aa) |
| | safA | Two-component system connector membrane protein, EvgSA to PhoQP; Connects the signal transduction between the two-component systems EvgS/EvgA and PhoQ/PhoP, by directly interacting with PhoQ and thus activating the PhoQ/PhoP system, in response to acid stress conditions; Belongs to the SafA family. (65 aa) |
| | dosC | Diguanylate cyclase, cold- and stationary phase-induced oxygen-dependent biofilm regulator; Globin-coupled heme-based oxygen sensor protein displaying diguanylate cyclase (DGC) activity in response to oxygen availability. Thus, catalyzes the synthesis of cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) via the condensation of 2 GTP molecules. Is involved in the modulation of intracellular c-di-GMP levels, in association with DosP which catalyzes the degradation of c-di-GMP (PDE activity). Cyclic-di-GMP is a second messenger which controls cell surface-associated traits in bacteria. DosC regulates biofilm [...] (460 aa) |
| | dosP | Oxygen sensor, c-di-GMP phosphodiesterase, heme-regulated; Heme-based oxygen sensor protein displaying phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity toward c-di-GMP in response to oxygen availability. Involved in the modulation of intracellular c-di-GMP levels, in association with DosC which catalyzes the biosynthesis of c-di-GMP (diguanylate cyclase activity). Cyclic-di-GMP is a second messenger which controls cell surface-associated traits in bacteria. Has very poor PDE activity on cAMP but is not active with cGMP, bis(p-nitrophenyl) phosphate or p-nitrophenyl phosphate. Via its PDE activity on [...] (799 aa) |
| | osmC | Lipoyl-dependent Cys-based peroxidase, hydroperoxide resistance; Preferentially metabolizes organic hydroperoxides over inorganic hydrogen peroxide; Belongs to the OsmC/Ohr family. (143 aa) |
| | ldhA | Fermentative D-lactate dehydrogenase, NAD-dependent; Fermentative lactate dehydrogenase; Belongs to the D-isomer specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase family. (329 aa) |
| | hslJ | Heat-inducible lipoprotein involved in novobiocin resistance; Heat shock protein hslJ; Protein involved in response to temperature stimulus. (140 aa) |
| | ynaE | Cold shock protein, Rac prophage. (77 aa) |
| | uspE | Stress-induced protein; Required for resistance to DNA-damaging agents. (316 aa) |
| | pspA | Regulatory protein for phage-shock-protein operon; The phage shock protein (psp) operon (pspABCDE) may play a significant role in the competition for survival under nutrient- or energy-limited conditions. PspA negatively regulates expression of the pspABCDE promoter and of pspG through negative regulation of the psp- specific transcriptional activator PspF. Is also required for membrane integrity, efficient translocation and maintenance of the proton motive force. Belongs to the PspA/IM30 family. (222 aa) |
| | osmB | Osmotically and stress inducible lipoprotein; Provides resistance to osmotic stress. May be important for stationary-phase survival. (72 aa) |
| | cysB | N-acetylserine-responsive cysteine regulon transcriptional activator; This protein is a positive regulator of gene expression for the cysteine regulon, a system of 10 or more loci involved in the biosynthesis of L-cysteine from inorganic sulfate. The inducer for CysB is N-acetylserine. CysB inhibits its own transcription. (324 aa) |
| | oppA | Oligopeptide ABC transporter periplasmic binding protein; This protein is a component of the oligopeptide permease, a binding protein-dependent transport system, it binds peptides up to five amino acids long with high affinity; Belongs to the bacterial solute-binding protein 5 family. (543 aa) |
| | chaA | Calcium/sodium:proton antiporter; Sodium exporter that functions mainly at alkaline pH. Can also function as a potassium/proton and calcium/proton antiporter at alkaline pH. Does not play a major role in calcium export. (366 aa) |
| | treA | Periplasmic trehalase; Provides the cells with the ability to utilize trehalose at high osmolarity by splitting it into glucose molecules that can subsequently be taken up by the phosphotransferase-mediated uptake system. (565 aa) |
| | dsbB | Oxidoreductase that catalyzes reoxidation of DsbA protein disulfide isomerase I; Required for disulfide bond formation in some periplasmic proteins such as PhoA or OmpA. Acts by oxidizing the DsbA protein. PhoP-regulated transcription is redox-sensitive, being activated when the periplasm becomes more reducing (deletion of dsbA/dsbB, treatment with dithiothreitol). MgrB acts between DsbA/DsbB and PhoP/PhoQ in this pathway. (176 aa) |
| | ariR | RcsB connector protein for regulation of biofilm and acid-resistance; Probably a connector protein for RcsB/C regulation of biofilm and acid-resistance, providing additional signal input into the two- component signaling pathway. May serve to stimulate biofilm maturation, via the Rcs phosphorelay. Regulates expression of genes involved in acid-resistance and biofilm formation, including the RcsB/C two- component system. May be a non-specific DNA-binding protein that binds genes and/or intergenic regions via a geometric recognition. Also confers resistance to H(2)O(2). Overexpression at [...] (88 aa) |
| | ycgZ | RcsB connector protein for regulation of biofilm and acid-resistance; Probably a connector protein for RcsB/C regulation of biofilm formation, providing additional signal input into the two-component signaling pathway. Partially antagonizes the activities of YmgA and AriR, proteins that, via the Rcs phosphorelay, promote the synthesis of colanic acid, an exopolysaccharide and matrix component. (78 aa) |
| | bluF | Anti-repressor for YcgE, blue light-responsive; Binds to and releases the BluR repressor from its bound DNA target in a blue light-dependent (470 nm) fashion. A shift to low temperature also triggers a BluF-mediated relief of repression by BluR, suggesting BluF may serve as a thermometer. Blue light may act to increase the affinity of BluF for BluR, allowing it to be released from its operator. The protein has a reversible photocycle, and undergoes structural changes, probably in the EAL domain, in response to light. (403 aa) |
| | iraM | Anti-adapter protein IraM; Inhibits RpoS proteolysis by regulating RssB activity, thereby increasing the stability of the sigma stress factor RpoS during magnesium starvation. May also be involved in the early steps of isoprenoid biosynthesis, possibly through its role as RssB regulator. (107 aa) |
| | hflD | Putative lysogenization regulator; Negative regulator of phage lambda lysogenization. Contributes to the degradation of the phage regulatory protein CII. Acts probably by holding CII on the membrane surface, away from the target promoters, but close to the FtsH protease. Belongs to the HflD family. (213 aa) |
| | phoQ | Sensory histidine kinase in two-component regulatory system with PhoP; Member of the two-component regulatory system PhoP/PhoQ involved in adaptation to low Mg(2+) environments and the control of acid resistance genes. In low periplasmic Mg(2+), PhoQ functions as a membrane-associated protein kinase that undergoes autophosphorylation and subsequently transfers the phosphate to PhoP, resulting in the expression of PhoP-activated genes (PAG) and repression of PhoP- repressed genes (PRG). In high periplasmic Mg(2+), acts as a protein phosphatase that dephosphorylates phospho-PhoP, resulti [...] (486 aa) |
| | fabF | 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase II; Catalyzes the condensation reaction of fatty acid synthesis by the addition to an acyl acceptor of two carbons from malonyl-ACP. Has a preference for short chain acid substrates and may function to supply the octanoic substrates for lipoic acid biosynthesis. (413 aa) |
| | rpmF | 50S ribosomal subunit protein L32; Protein involved in structural constituent of ribosome and translation. (57 aa) |
| | flgH | Flagellar protein of basal-body outer-membrane L ring; Assembles around the rod to form the L-ring and probably protects the motor/basal body from shearing forces during rotation. (232 aa) |
| | yceO | Uncharacterized protein. (46 aa) |
| | efeO | Iron uptake system component EfeO; Involved in Fe(2+) uptake. Could be an iron-binding and/or electron-transfer component. (375 aa) |
| | cspG | Homolog of Salmonella cold shock protein; Protein involved in response to temperature stimulus. (70 aa) |
| | appA | Phosphoanhydride phosphorylase; pH 2.5 acid phosphatase; periplasmic; Protein involved in phosphorus metabolic process and response to starvation. (432 aa) |
| | yccX | Weak acylphosphatase. (92 aa) |
| | hspQ | Heat shock protein involved in degradation of mutant DnaA; Involved in the degradation of certain denaturated proteins, including DnaA, during heat shock stress. (105 aa) |
| | uup | Replication regulatory ABC-F family DNA-binding ATPase; Probably plays a role in ribosome assembly or function; overexpression suppresses cold-sensitive growth of a bipA deletion (Probable). May be involved in resolution of branched DNA intermediates that result from template switching in postreplication gaps. Binds DNA at Holliday junctions. May be involved in the correct segregation of nucleoids. Has ATPase activity, binds DNA non-sequence specifically; the presence of DNA does not change the ATPase activity. Mutations in this gene cause an increase in RecA-independent precise excis [...] (635 aa) |
| | elfG | Putative fimbrial-like adhesin protein; Part of the elfADCG-ycbUVF fimbrial operon, which promotes adhesion of bacteria to different abiotic surfaces. (356 aa) |
| | ssuD | Alkanesulfonate monooxygenase, FMNH(2)-dependent; Involved in desulfonation of aliphatic sulfonates. Catalyzes the conversion of pentanesulfonic acid to sulfite and pentaldehyde and is able to desulfonate a wide range of sulfonated substrates including C-2 to C-10 unsubstituted linear alkanesulfonates, substituted ethanesulfonic acids and sulfonated buffers; Belongs to the SsuD family. (381 aa) |
| | pncB | Nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase; Catalyzes the synthesis of beta-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide from nicotinate and 5-phospho-D-ribose 1-phosphate at the expense of ATP; Belongs to the NAPRTase family. (400 aa) |
| | cmk | Cytidylate kinase; ATP, dATP, and GTP are equally effective as phosphate donors. CMP and dCMP are the best phosphate acceptors. Belongs to the cytidylate kinase family. Type 1 subfamily. (227 aa) |
| | focA | Formate channel; Involved in the bidirectional transport of formate; Belongs to the FNT transporter (TC 2.A.44) family. (285 aa) |
| | ftsK | DNA translocase at septal ring sorting daughter chromsomes; Essential cell division protein that coordinates cell division and chromosome segregation. The N-terminus is involved in assembly of the cell-division machinery. The C-terminus functions as a DNA motor that moves dsDNA in an ATP-dependent manner towards the dif recombination site, which is located within the replication terminus region. Translocation stops specifically at Xer-dif sites, where FtsK interacts with the Xer recombinase, allowing activation of chromosome unlinking by recombination. FtsK orienting polar sequences (K [...] (1329 aa) |
| | clpA | ATPase and specificity subunit of ClpA-ClpP ATP-dependent serine protease, chaperone activity; ATP-dependent specificity component of the ClpAP protease. It directs the protease to specific substrates. It has unfoldase activity. The primary function of the ClpA-ClpP complex appears to be the degradation of unfolded or abnormal proteins. (758 aa) |
| | clpS | Regulatory protein for ClpA substrate specificity; Involved in the modulation of the specificity of the ClpAP- mediated ATP-dependent protein degradation. (106 aa) |
| | aqpZ | Aquaporin Z; Channel that permits osmotically driven movement of water in both directions. It is involved in the osmoregulation and in the maintenance of cell turgor during volume expansion in rapidly growing cells. It mediates rapid entry or exit of water in response to abrupt changes in osmolarity. (231 aa) |
| | ybjN | Negative regulator of motility; Putative sensory transduction regulator. (158 aa) |
| | ybiO | Mechanosensitive channel protein, intermediate conductance; Mechanosensitive channel that protects cells against hypoosmotic stress when highly overexpressed. Belongs to the MscS (TC 1.A.23) family. (741 aa) |
| | rhlE | ATP-dependent RNA helicase; DEAD-box RNA helicase involved in ribosome assembly. Has RNA- dependent ATPase activity and unwinds double-stranded RNA. May play a role in the interconversion of ribosomal RNA-folding intermediates that are further processed by DeaD or SrmB during ribosome maturation. (454 aa) |
| | moaA | Molybdopterin biosynthesis protein A; Catalyzes, together with MoaC, the conversion of 5'-GTP to cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate (cPMP or molybdopterin precursor Z). (329 aa) |
| | uvrB | Exision nuclease of nucleotide excision repair, DNA damage recognition component; The UvrABC repair system catalyzes the recognition and processing of DNA lesions. A damage recognition complex composed of 2 UvrA and 2 UvrB subunits scans DNA for abnormalities. Upon binding of the UvrA(2)B(2) complex to a putative damaged site, the DNA wraps around one UvrB monomer. DNA wrap is dependent on ATP binding by UvrB and probably causes local melting of the DNA helix, facilitating insertion of UvrB beta-hairpin between the DNA strands. Then UvrB probes one DNA strand for the presence of a lesi [...] (673 aa) |
| | mngR | Transcriptional repressor for the mannosyl-D-glycerate catabolic operon; Represses mngA and mngB. Regulates its own expression. (240 aa) |
| | ybgI | NIF3 family metal-binding protein; Provides significant protection from radiation damage and may be involved in the degradation of radiation-damaged nucleotides. (247 aa) |
| | phr | Deoxyribodipyrimidine photolyase, FAD-binding; Involved in repair of UV radiation-induced DNA damage. Catalyzes the light-dependent monomerization (300-600 nm) of cyclobutyl pyrimidine dimers (in cis-syn configuration), which are formed between adjacent bases on the same DNA strand upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation. (472 aa) |
| | ybfA | DUF2517 family protein. (68 aa) |
| | speF | Ornithine decarboxylase isozyme, inducible; Protein involved in polyamine biosynthetic process; Belongs to the Orn/Lys/Arg decarboxylase class-I family. (732 aa) |
| | seqA | Negative modulator of initiation of replication; Negative regulator of replication initiation, which contributes to regulation of DNA replication and ensures that replication initiation occurs exactly once per chromosome per cell cycle. Binds to pairs of hemimethylated GATC sequences in the oriC region, thus preventing assembly of replication proteins and re- initiation at newly replicated origins. Repression is relieved when the region becomes fully methylated. Can also bind to hemimethylated GATC sequences outside of oriC region. Binds, with less affinity, to fully methylated GATC si [...] (181 aa) |
| | ybeY | ssRNA-specific endoribonuclease; Single strand-specific metallo-endoribonuclease involved in late-stage 70S ribosome quality control and in maturation of the 3' terminus of the 16S rRNA. Acts together with the RNase R to eliminate defective 70S ribosomes, but not properly matured 70S ribosomes or individual subunits, by a process mediated specifically by the 30S ribosomal subunit. Involved in the processing of 16S, 23S and 5S rRNAs, with a particularly strong effect on maturation at both the 5'- and 3'- ends of 16S rRNA as well as maturation of the 5'-end of 23S and 5S rRNAs. (155 aa) |
| | ybeD | UPF0250 family protein. (87 aa) |
| | ybdG | Mechanosensitive channel protein, miniconductance; Mechanosensitive channel of miniconductance that confers protection against mild hypoosmotic shock. Overexpression confers protection against severe shocks. (415 aa) |
| | envY | Porin thermoregulatory transcriptional activator; Influences the temperature-dependent expression of several E.coli envelope proteins, most notably the porins OmpF and OmpC and the lambda receptor, LamB. (253 aa) |
| | appY | HTH-type transcriptional regulator AppY; Induces the synthesis of acid phosphatase (AppA) and several other polypeptides (such as AppBC) during the deceleration phase of growth. It also acts as a transcriptional repressor for one group of proteins that are synthesized preferentially in exponential growth and for one group synthesized only in the stationary phase. Also involved in the stabilization of the sigma stress factor RpoS during stress conditions. (249 aa) |
| | emrE | DLP12 prophage; Multidrug transporter that expels positively charged hydrophobic drugs across the inner membrane of E.coli., thereby conferring resistance to a wide range of toxic compounds. The drug efflux is coupled to an influx of protons. Is involved in the resistance of E.coli cells to methyl viologen, ethidium bromide and acriflavine. Is also able to transport tetraphenylphosphonium (TPP(+)) and benzalkonium. Belongs to the drug/metabolite transporter (DMT) superfamily. Small multidrug resistance (SMR) (TC 2.A.7.1) family. (110 aa) |
| | ybaT | Putative amino acid transporter; Probable amino-acid or metabolite transport protein; Belongs to the amino acid-polyamine-organocation (APC) superfamily. (430 aa) |
| | glsA | Putative glutaminase; Protein involved in cellular amino acid catabolic process. (310 aa) |
| | ybaK | Cys-tRNA(Pro)/Cys-tRNA(Cys) deacylase; Functions in trans to edit the amino acid from incorrectly charged Cys-tRNA(Pro) via a Cys-tRNA(Pro) deacylase activity. May compensate for the lack of Cys-tRNA(Pro) editing by ProRS. Is also able to deacylate Cys-tRNA(Cys), and displays weak deacylase activity in vitro against Gly-tRNA(Gly), as well as, at higher concentrations, some other correctly charged tRNAs. Unlike some of its orthologs it is not able to remove the amino acid moiety from incorrectly charged Ala- tRNA(Pro); Belongs to the prolyl-tRNA editing family. YbaK/EbsC subfamily. (159 aa) |
| | hemH | Ferrochelatase; Catalyzes the ferrous insertion into protoporphyrin IX; Belongs to the ferrochelatase family. (320 aa) |
| | htpG | Protein refolding molecular co-chaperone Hsp90, Hsp70-dependent; Molecular chaperone. Has ATPase activity. (624 aa) |
| | recR | Gap repair protein; May play a role in DNA repair. It seems to be involved in an RecBC-independent recombinational process of DNA repair. It may act with RecF and RecO. (201 aa) |
| | ybaB | DNA-binding protein, putative nucleoid-associated protein; Binds to DNA and alters its conformation. May be involved in regulation of gene expression, nucleoid organization and DNA protection. (109 aa) |
| | lon | DNA-binding ATP-dependent protease La; ATP-dependent serine protease that mediates the selective degradation of mutant and abnormal proteins as well as certain short- lived regulatory proteins, including some antitoxins. Required for cellular homeostasis and for survival from DNA damage and developmental changes induced by stress. Degrades polypeptides processively to yield small peptide fragments that are 5 to 10 amino acids long. Binds to DNA in a double-stranded, site-specific manner. Endogenous substrates include the regulatory proteins RcsA and SulA, the transcriptional activator [...] (784 aa) |
| | clpP | Proteolytic subunit of ClpA-ClpP and ClpX-ClpP ATP-dependent serine proteases; Cleaves peptides in various proteins in a process that requires ATP hydrolysis. Has a chymotrypsin-like activity. Plays a major role in the degradation of misfolded proteins. May play the role of a master protease which is attracted to different substrates by different specificity factors such as ClpA or ClpX. Participates in the final steps of RseA-sigma-E degradation, liberating sigma-E to induce the extracytoplasmic-stress response. Degrades antitoxin MazE. (207 aa) |
| | tig | Peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase (trigger factor); Involved in protein export. Acts as a chaperone by maintaining the newly synthesized secretory and non-secretory proteins in an open conformation. Binds to 3 regions of unfolded substrate PhoA, preferring aromatic and hydrophobic residues, keeping it stretched out and unable to form aggregates. Binds to nascent polypeptide chains via ribosomal protein L23. Functions as a peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase in vitro, this activity is dispensible in vivo for chaperone activity. Belongs to the FKBP-type PPIase family. Tig subfamily. (432 aa) |
| | yajL | Oxidative-stress-resistance chaperone; Protein and nucleotide deglycase that catalyzes the deglycation of the Maillard adducts formed between amino groups of proteins or nucleotides and reactive carbonyl groups of glyoxals. Thus, functions as a protein deglycase that repairs methylglyoxal- and glyoxal-glycated proteins, and releases repaired proteins and lactate or glycolate, respectively. Deglycates cysteine, arginine and lysine residues in proteins, and thus reactivates these proteins by reversing glycation by glyoxals. Is able to repair glycated serum albumin, collagen, glyceraldehy [...] (196 aa) |
| | thiI | tRNA s(4)U8 sulfurtransferase; Catalyzes the ATP-dependent transfer of a sulfur to tRNA to produce 4-thiouridine in position 8 of tRNAs, which functions as a near-UV photosensor. Also catalyzes the transfer of sulfur to the sulfur carrier protein ThiS, forming ThiS-thiocarboxylate. This is a step in the synthesis of thiazole, in the thiamine biosynthesis pathway. The sulfur is donated as persulfide by IscS. Belongs to the ThiI family. (482 aa) |
| | queA | S-adenosylmethionine:tRNA ribosyltransferase-isomerase; Transfers and isomerizes the ribose moiety from AdoMet to the 7-aminomethyl group of 7-deazaguanine (preQ1-tRNA) to give epoxyqueuosine (oQ-tRNA); Belongs to the QueA family. (356 aa) |
| | ddlA | D-alanine-D-alanine ligase A; Cell wall formation. (364 aa) |
| | prpR | Propionate catabolism operon regulatory protein; Involved in the transcriptional regulation of the propionate catabolism operon. (528 aa) |
| | yahO | Periplasmic protein, function unknown, YhcN family. (91 aa) |
| | yahD | Ankyrin repeat protein; Putative transcription factor. (201 aa) |
| | betI | Choline-inducible betIBA-betT divergent operon transcriptional repressor; Repressor involved in the biosynthesis of the osmoprotectant glycine betaine. It represses transcription of the choline transporter BetT and the genes of BetAB involved in the synthesis of glycine betaine. (195 aa) |
| | betB | Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase, NAD-dependent; Involved in the biosynthesis of the osmoprotectant glycine betaine. Catalyzes the reversible oxidation of betaine aldehyde to the corresponding acid. It is highly specific for betaine and has a significantly higher affinity for NAD than for NADP. (490 aa) |
| | betA | Choline dehydrogenase, a flavoprotein; Involved in the biosynthesis of the osmoprotectant glycine betaine. Catalyzes the oxidation of choline to betaine aldehyde and betaine aldehyde to glycine betaine at the same rate. Belongs to the GMC oxidoreductase family. (556 aa) |
| | yagU | DUF1440 family inner membrane acid resistance protein. (204 aa) |
| | intF | CP4-6 prophage; Integrase is necessary for integration of the phage into the host genome by site-specific recombination. In conjunction with excisionase, integrase is also necessary for excision of the prophage from the host genome. (466 aa) |
| | yagK | CP4-6 prophage; uncharacterized protein;Phage or Prophage Related; To E.coli YfjJ. (208 aa) |
| | gloB | Hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase; Type II glyoxalase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of (R)-S- lactoylglutathione to (R)-lactate and glutathione. Is more efficient than the isozyme GloC, and plays a major contribution to methylglyoxal (MG) detoxification in E.coli. The two isoenzymes have additive effects and ensure maximal MG degradation. (251 aa) |
| | yafC | Putative transcriptional regulator LYSR-type; Protein involved in transcription activator activity, transcription repressor activity and transcription; Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family. (304 aa) |
| | degP | Serine endoprotease (protease Do), membrane-associated; DegP acts as a chaperone at low temperatures but switches to a peptidase (heat shock protein) at higher temperatures. Degrades transiently denatured and unfolded or misfolded proteins which accumulate in the periplasm following heat shock or other stress conditions. DegP is efficient with Val-Xaa and Ile-Xaa peptide bonds, suggesting a preference for beta-branched side chain amino acids. Only unfolded proteins devoid of disulfide bonds appear capable of being cleaved, thereby preventing non-specific proteolysis of folded proteins. [...] (474 aa) |
| | clcA | H(+)/Cl(-) exchange transporter; Proton-coupled chloride transporter. Functions as antiport system and exchanges two chloride ions for 1 proton. Probably acts as an electrical shunt for an outwardly-directed proton pump that is linked to amino acid decarboxylation, as part of the extreme acid resistance (XAR) response. (473 aa) |
| | mrcB | Fused glycosyl transferase and transpeptidase; Cell wall formation. Synthesis of cross-linked peptidoglycan from the lipid intermediates. The enzyme has a penicillin-insensitive transglycosylase N-terminal domain (formation of linear glycan strands) and a penicillin-sensitive transpeptidase C-terminal domain (cross- linking of the peptide subunits); In the N-terminal section; belongs to the glycosyltransferase 51 family. (844 aa) |
| | yadG | Putative ABC transporter ATPase; Putative ATP-binding component of a transport system. (308 aa) |
| | yabI | DedA family inner membrane protein. (254 aa) |
| | apaH | Diadenosine tetraphosphatase; Hydrolyzes diadenosine 5',5'''-P1,P4-tetraphosphate to yield ADP; Belongs to the Ap4A hydrolase family. (280 aa) |
| | nhaA | Sodium-proton antiporter; Na(+)/H(+) antiporter that extrudes sodium in exchange for external protons. Catalyzes the exchange of 2 H(+) per Na(+). Can mediate sodium uptake when a transmembrane pH gradient is applied. Active at alkaline pH. Activity is strongly down-regulated below pH 6.5; Belongs to the NhaA Na(+)/H(+) (TC 2.A.33) antiporter family. (388 aa) |
| | dnaJ | Chaperone Hsp40, DnaK co-chaperone; Interacts with DnaK and GrpE to disassemble a protein complex at the origins of replication of phage lambda and several plasmids. Participates actively in the response to hyperosmotic and heat shock by preventing the aggregation of stress-denatured proteins and by disaggregating proteins, also in an autonomous, DnaK-independent fashion. Unfolded proteins bind initially to DnaJ; upon interaction with the DnaJ-bound protein, DnaK hydrolyzes its bound ATP, resulting in the formation of a stable complex. GrpE releases ADP from DnaK; ATP binding to DnaK t [...] (376 aa) |
| | dnaK | Chaperone Hsp70, with co-chaperone DnaJ; Plays an essential role in the initiation of phage lambda DNA replication, where it acts in an ATP-dependent fashion with the DnaJ protein to release lambda O and P proteins from the preprimosomal complex. DnaK is also involved in chromosomal DNA replication, possibly through an analogous interaction with the DnaA protein. Also participates actively in the response to hyperosmotic shock. (638 aa) |
