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| | nhaR | Transcriptional activator of nhaA; Plays a role in the positive regulation of NhaA. Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family. (301 aa) |
| | rapA | RNA polymerase remodeling/recycling factor ATPase; Transcription regulator that activates transcription by stimulating RNA polymerase (RNAP) recycling in case of stress conditions such as supercoiled DNA or high salt concentrations. Probably acts by releasing the RNAP, when it is trapped or immobilized on tightly supercoiled DNA. Does not activate transcription on linear DNA. Probably not involved in DNA repair (By similarity); Belongs to the SNF2/RAD54 helicase family. RapA subfamily. (968 aa) |
| | sgrR | Transcriptional DNA-binding transcriptional activator of sgrS sRNA; Activates the small RNA gene sgrS under glucose-phosphate stress conditions as well as yfdZ. Represses its own transcription under both stress and non-stress conditions; this repression likely provides one measure of control over sgrR at the level of synthesis. Might act as a sensor of the intracellular accumulation of phosphoglucose by binding these molecules in its C-terminal solute- binding domain. (551 aa) |
| | pdhR | Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex repressor; Transcriptional repressor for the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex genes aceEF and lpd. (254 aa) |
| | cdaR | Carbohydrate diacid regulon transcriptional regulator; Seems to regulate the expression of the operons for the enzymes involved in D-galactarate, D-glucarate and D-glycerate utilization. (385 aa) |
| | rseP | Inner membrane zinc RIP metalloprotease; A site-2 regulated intramembrane protease (S2P) that cleaves the peptide bond between 'Ala-108' and 'Cys-109' in the transmembrane region of RseA. Part of a regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP) cascade. Acts on DegS-cleaved RseA to release the cytoplasmic domain of RseA, residue 'Val-148' of RseA may be required for this. This provides the cell with sigma-E (RpoE) activity through the proteolysis of RseA. Can also cleave sequences in transmembrane regions of other proteins (such as LacY) as well as liberated signal peptides of beta-lactamas [...] (450 aa) |
| | phoE | Outer membrane porin PhoE; Uptake of inorganic phosphate, phosphorylated compounds, and some other negatively charged solutes; Belongs to the Gram-negative porin family. (351 aa) |
| | rclR | Reactive chlorine species (RCS)-specific activator of the rcl genes; Involved in reactive chlorine species (RCS) stress resistance. Upregulates, in response to hypochlorous acid (HOCl), the expression of three genes essential for survival of RCS stress (rclA, rclB and rclC) and its own expression. (284 aa) |
| | yahA | c-di-GMP-specific phosphodiesterase; Acts both as an enzyme and as a c-di-GMP sensor to couple transcriptional activity to the c-di-GMP status of the cell. Phosphodiesterase (PDE) that catalyzes the hydrolysis of cyclic-di-GMP (c-di-GMP) to 5'-pGpG. Also acts as a transcription factor to control its own expression. (362 aa) |
| | prpR | Propionate catabolism operon regulatory protein; Involved in the transcriptional regulation of the propionate catabolism operon. (528 aa) |
| | iraP | anti-RssB factor, RpoS stabilzer during Pi starvation; Inhibits RpoS proteolysis by regulating RssB activity, thereby increasing the stability of the sigma stress factor RpoS especially during phosphate starvation, but also in stationary phase and during nitrogen starvation. Its effect on RpoS stability is due to its interaction with RssB, which probably blocks the interaction of RssB with RpoS, and the consequent delivery of the RssB-RpoS complex to the ClpXP protein degradation pathway; Belongs to the IraP family. (86 aa) |
| | phoB | Response regulator in two-component regulatory system with PhoR; This protein is a positive regulator for the phosphate regulon. Transcription of this operon is positively regulated by PhoB and PhoR when phosphate is limited. (229 aa) |
| | ybaO | Putative DNA-binding transcriptional regulator; Plays a role in L-cysteine detoxification. Binds to the dlsT(yhaO)-yhaM operon promoter in the presence but not absence of L- cysteine; activates transcription from the dlsT(yhaO)-yhaM operon. No other DNA target was identified in strain K12 / BW25113. Thiosulfate does not activate its transcription function. Overexpression doubles hydrogen sulfide production in the presence of cysteine. (152 aa) |
| | cueR | Copper-responsive regulon transcriptional regulator; Regulates the transcription of the copA and cueO genes. It detects cytoplasmic copper stress and activates transcription in response to increasing copper concentrations. (135 aa) |
| | allS | allD operon transcriptional activator; Positive regulator essential for the expression of allD operon. Binds to the allD promoter; Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family. (308 aa) |
| | appY | HTH-type transcriptional regulator AppY; Induces the synthesis of acid phosphatase (AppA) and several other polypeptides (such as AppBC) during the deceleration phase of growth. It also acts as a transcriptional repressor for one group of proteins that are synthesized preferentially in exponential growth and for one group synthesized only in the stationary phase. Also involved in the stabilization of the sigma stress factor RpoS during stress conditions. (249 aa) |
| | cusR | Response regulator in two-component regulatory system with CusS; Member of the two-component regulatory system CusS/CusR involved in response to copper and silver. Activates the expression of cusCFBA, hiuH and plasmid pRJ1004 gene pcoE in response to increasing levels of copper or silver ions. Can also increase the basal-level expression of copper resistance gene operon pcoABCD. (227 aa) |
| | fur | Ferric iron uptake regulon transcriptional repressor; Acts as a global negative controlling element, employing Fe(2+) as a cofactor to bind the operator of the repressed genes. Regulates the expression of several outer-membrane proteins including the iron transport operon; Belongs to the Fur family. (148 aa) |
| | kdpE | Response regulator in two-component regulatory system with KdpD; Member of the two-component regulatory system KdpD/KdpE involved in the regulation of the kdp operon. (225 aa) |
| | modE | Transcriptional repressor for the molybdenum transport operon modABC; Functions as an intracellular molybdate sensor. The ModE-Mo complex acts as a repressor of the modABC operon, which is involved in the transport of molybdate. Binds modA promoter DNA in the absence of molybdate, however molybdate binding confers increased DNA affinity. Binds the promoter of moaA activating its transcription; binding is not enhanced by molybdate. The protein dimer binds the consensus palindrome sequence 5'-TATAT-N7-TAYAT-3' and a variant 5'-TGTGT-N7-TGYGT-3'. Acts as a regulator of the expression of 6 [...] (262 aa) |
| | ybiH | DUF1956 domain-containing tetR family putative transcriptional regulator; Regulates transcription of the cecR-ybhGFSR operon and the rhlE gene, which altogether are involved in the control of sensitivity to cefoperazone and chloramphenicol. Represses the cecR-ybhGFSR operon and activates the rhlE operon. Acts by binding to a palindromic sequence within the intergenic spacer located between these two divergently transcribed operons. (223 aa) |
| | mntR | Mn(2+)-responsive manganese regulon transcriptional regulator; In the presence of manganese, represses expression of mntH and mntS. Up-regulates expression of mntP. (155 aa) |
| | rcdA | Transcriptional regulator of csgD and ybiJI; Regulates the expression of a number of genes involved in biofilm formation and stress response. Target genes include six stress- response transcriptional regulators: csgD, which is a master regulator of biofilm formation, appY, sxy, ycgF, fimB and rcdA itself. This indicates that a large number of genes must be regulated indirectly via these transcriptional regulators. Acts by binding to the upstream region of its target genes. (178 aa) |
| | lrp | Leucine-responsive global transcriptional regulator; Mediates a global response to leucine. Exogenous leucine affects the expression of a number of different operons; lrp mediates this effect for at least some of these operons. For example it is regulator of the branched-chain amino acid transport genes. (164 aa) |
| | ftsK | DNA translocase at septal ring sorting daughter chromsomes; Essential cell division protein that coordinates cell division and chromosome segregation. The N-terminus is involved in assembly of the cell-division machinery. The C-terminus functions as a DNA motor that moves dsDNA in an ATP-dependent manner towards the dif recombination site, which is located within the replication terminus region. Translocation stops specifically at Xer-dif sites, where FtsK interacts with the Xer recombinase, allowing activation of chromosome unlinking by recombination. FtsK orienting polar sequences (K [...] (1329 aa) |
| | torR | Response regulator in two-component regulatory system with TorS; Member of the two-component regulatory system TorS/TorR involved in the anaerobic utilization of trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO). Phosphorylated TorR activates the transcription of the torCAD operon by binding to four decameric boxes located in the torCAD promoter. Box1, 2 and 4 contain the DNA sequence 5'-CTGTTCATAT-3' and box3 contains the DNA sequence 5'-CCGTTCATCC-3'. Phosphorylated as well as unphosphorylated TorR negatively regulates its own expression by binding to box1 and 2. (230 aa) |
| | rutR | Rut operon transcriptional repressor for; Master transcription regulator which represses the degradation of pyrimidines (rutABCDEFG) and purines (gcl operon) for maintenance of metabolic balance between pyrimidines and purines. It also regulates the synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides and arginine from glutamine (carAB) and the supply of glutamate (gadABWX). (212 aa) |
| | csgD | csgBAC operon transcriptional regulator; The master regulator for adhesive curli fimbriae expression; necessary for transcription of the csgBAC/ymdA operon. Plays a positive role in biofilm formation. May have the capability to respond to starvation and/or high cell density by activating csgBA transcription. Low-level constitutive expression confers an adherent curli fimbriae- expressing phenotype, up-regulates 10 genes and down-regulates 14 others. (216 aa) |
| | phoP | Response regulator in two-component regulatory system with PhoQ; Member of the two-component regulatory system PhoP/PhoQ involved in adaptation to low Mg(2+) environments and the control of acid resistance genes. In low periplasmic Mg(2+), PhoQ phosphorylates PhoP, resulting in the expression of PhoP-activated genes (PAG) and repression of PhoP-repressed genes (PRG). In high periplasmic Mg(2+), PhoQ dephosphorylates phospho-PhoP, resulting in the repression of PAG and may lead to expression of some PRG (By similarity). Mediates magnesium influx to the cytosol by activation of MgtA. Pro [...] (223 aa) |
| | iraM | Anti-adapter protein IraM; Inhibits RpoS proteolysis by regulating RssB activity, thereby increasing the stability of the sigma stress factor RpoS during magnesium starvation. May also be involved in the early steps of isoprenoid biosynthesis, possibly through its role as RssB regulator. (107 aa) |
| | rssB | PcnB-degradosome interaction factor; Regulates the turnover of the sigma S factor (RpoS) by promoting its proteolysis in exponentially growing cells. Acts by binding and delivering RpoS to the ClpXP protease. RssB is not co- degraded with RpoS, but is released from the complex and can initiate a new cycle of RpoS recognition and degradation. In stationary phase, could also act as an anti-sigma factor and reduce the ability of RpoS to activate gene expression. Is also involved in the regulation of the mRNA polyadenylation pathway during stationary phase, probably by maintaining the asso [...] (337 aa) |
| | pspF | Psp operon transcriptional activator; Transcriptional activator for the phage shock protein (psp) operon (pspABCDE) and pspG gene. (325 aa) |
| | fnr | Oxygen-sensing anaerobic growth regulon transcriptional regulator FNR; Global transcription factor that controls the expression of over 100 target genes in response to anoxia. It facilitates the adaptation to anaerobic growth conditions by regulating the expression of gene products that are involved in anaerobic energy metabolism. When the terminal electron acceptor, O(2), is no longer available, it represses the synthesis of enzymes involved in aerobic respiration and increases the synthesis of enzymes required for anaerobic respiration. (250 aa) |
| | insH1-5 | Transposase InsH for insertion sequence element IS5Y; Involved in the transposition of the insertion sequence IS5. (326 aa) |
| | feaR | Transcriptional activator for tynA and feaB; Positive regulator of tynA/maoA and feaB/padA, the genes for 2-phenylethylamine catabolism. (301 aa) |
| | ydcN | Putative DNA-binding transcriptional regulator; Regulates the expression of 12-16 transcription units involved in various steps of sulfur utilization. Represses expression of pfkB, fliZ, cysE, ydcO and its own expression. Activates expression of ypfN. Acts by binding to SutR boxes. (178 aa) |
| | ydeO | UV-inducible global regulator, EvgA-, GadE-dependent; Induces the expression of gadE and mdtEF. Could also regulate the expression of other genes involved in acid resistance. (253 aa) |
| | marA | Multiple antibiotic resistance transcriptional regulator; May be a transcriptional activator of genes involved in the multiple antibiotic resistance (Mar) phenotype. It can also activate genes such as sodA, zwf and micF. (127 aa) |
| | rstA | Response regulator of RstAB two-component system; Member of the two-component regulatory system RstB/RstA. (239 aa) |
| | cnu | Nucleoid-associated oriC-binding protein; Modifies the set of genes regulated by H-NS; Hha and Cnu (YdgT) increase the number of genes bound by H-NS/StpA and may also modulate the oligomerization of the H-NS/StpA-complex on DNA. The complex formed with H-NS binds to the specific 26-bp cnb site in the origin of replication oriC. Can complement, at least partially, the absence of the Hha protein in hha mutants. (71 aa) |
| | slyA | Global transcriptional regulator; Transcription regulator that can specifically activate or repress expression of target genes. Activates expression of genes such as molecular chaperones (groL, groS, dnaK, grpE, and cbpA), proteins involved in acid resistance (hdeA, hdeB, and gadA), the starvation lipoprotein slp, virulence protein hlyE/clyA. Represses expression of genes involved in the histidine biosynthetic pathway such as hisA, hisB, hisD, hisF and hisG. Required for the activation of virulence genes; Belongs to the SlyA family. (144 aa) |
| | ihfA | Integration host factor (IHF), DNA-binding protein, alpha subunit; One of the 2 subunits of integration host factor (IHF), a specific DNA-binding protein that functions in genetic recombination as well as in transcriptional and translational control. Binds to hundreds of transcriptionally inactive, AT-rich DNA sites, approximately half its binding sites are in non-coding DNA, which only accounts for about 10% of the genome. Has an essential role in conjugative DNA transfer (CDT), the unidirectional transfer of ssDNA plasmid from a donor to a recipient cell. It is the central mechanism [...] (99 aa) |
| | dmlR | Transcriptional activator of dmlA; Transcriptional regulator required for the aerobic growth on D-malate as the sole carbon source. Induces the expression of dmlA in response to D-malate or L- or meso-tartrate. Negatively regulates its own expression. (307 aa) |
| | flhC | Flagellar class II regulon transcriptional activator, with FlhD; Functions in complex with FlhD as a master transcriptional regulator that regulates transcription of several flagellar and non- flagellar operons by binding to their promoter region. Activates expression of class 2 flagellar genes, including fliA, which is a flagellum-specific sigma factor that turns on the class 3 genes. Also regulates genes whose products function in a variety of physiological pathways. (192 aa) |
| | flhD | Flagellar class II regulon transcriptional activator, with FlhC; Functions in complex with FlhC as a master transcriptional regulator that regulates transcription of several flagellar and non- flagellar operons by binding to their promoter region. Activates expression of class 2 flagellar genes, including fliA, which is a flagellum-specific sigma factor that turns on the class 3 genes. Also regulates genes whose products function in a variety of physiological pathways. (116 aa) |
| | sdiA | Quorum-sensing transcriptional activator; Activates cell division by specifically increasing transcription from one of the two promoters that lie immediately upstream of the ftsQAZ gene cluster. Activates ydiV expression in response to extracellular autoinducer AI-1 (Vibrio fischeri autoinducer oxoC6). (240 aa) |
| | rcsA | Transcriptional regulator of colanic acid capsular biosynthesis; Component of the Rcs signaling system, which controls transcription of numerous genes. Binds, with RcsB, to the RcsAB box to regulate expression of genes involved in colanic acid capsule synthesis. (207 aa) |
| | yedW | Response regulator family protein; Member of a two-component regulatory system HprR/HprS involved in response to hydrogen peroxide. Regulates the expression of at least 5 operons, cyoABCDE, hprRS, hiuH, cusRS and cusCFBA. Bifunctional regulator that acts as an activator and a repressor. (223 aa) |
| | nac | Nitrogen assimilation regulon transcriptional regulator; Transcriptional activator for the hut, put and ure operons and repressor for the gdh and gltB operons in response to nitrogen limitation. Negative regulator of its own expression (By similarity). (305 aa) |
| | baeR | Response regulator in two-component regulatory system with BaeS; Member of the two-component regulatory system BaeS/BaeR which responds to envelope stress. Activates expression of periplasmic chaperone spy in response to spheroplast formation, indole and P pili protein PapG overexpression. Activates the mdtABCD and probably the CRISPR-Cas casABCDE-ygbT-ygbF operon. (240 aa) |
| | yehT | Putative response regulator in two-component system withYehU; Member of the two-component regulatory system BtsS/BtsR, which is part of a nutrient-sensing regulatory network composed of BtsS/BtsR, the low-affinity pyruvate signaling system YpdA/YpdB and their respective target proteins, BtsT and YhjX. Responds to depletion of nutrients, specifically serine, and the concomitant presence of extracellular pyruvate. BtsR regulates expression of btsT by binding to its promoter region. Activation of the BtsS/BtsR signaling cascade also suppresses YpdA/YpdB-mediated yhjX induction. (239 aa) |
| | ada | Fused DNA-binding transcriptional dual regulator/O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase; Involved in the adaptive response to alkylation damage in DNA caused by alkylating agents. Repairs O6-methylguanine (O6-MeG) and O4- methylthymine (O4-MeT) in DNA. Repairs the methylated nucleobase in DNA by stoichiometrically transferring the methyl group to a cysteine residue in the enzyme (Cys-321). Also specifically repairs the Sp diastereomer of DNA methylphosphotriester lesions by the same mechanism, although the methyl transfer occurs onto a different cysteine residue (Cys-38). Cannot demeth [...] (354 aa) |
| | rcsB | Response regulator in two-component regulatory system with RcsC and YojN; Component of the Rcs signaling system, which controls transcription of numerous genes. RcsB is the response regulator that binds to regulatory DNA regions. Can function both in an RcsA-dependent or RcsA-independent manner. The system regulates expression of numerous genes, including genes involved in colanic acid capsule synthesis, biofilm formation, cell division and outer membrane proteins synthesis. Also involved, with GadE, in control of glutamate-dependent acid resistance, and, with BglJ, in derepression of [...] (216 aa) |
| | atoC | Regulatory protein AtoC; Member of the two-component regulatory system AtoS/AtoC. In the presence of acetoacetate, AtoS/AtoC stimulates the expression of the atoDAEB operon, leading to short chain fatty acid catabolism and activation of the poly-(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate (cPHB) biosynthetic pathway. Also induces the operon in response to spermidine. Involved in the regulation of motility and chemotaxis, via transcriptional induction of the flagellar regulon. AtoC acts by binding directly to the promoter region of the target genes. In addition to its role as a transcriptional regulator, fun [...] (461 aa) |
| | lrhA | Transcriptional repressor of flagellar, motility and chemotaxis genes; Not known, does not seem to act on the proton translocating NADH dehydrogenase genes (nuoA-N) which are part of the lrhA operon. (312 aa) |
| | ypdB | Response regulator activating yhjX; Member of the two-component regulatory system YpdA/YpdB, which is part of a nutrient-sensing regulatory network composed of YpdA/YpdB, the high-affinity pyruvate signaling system BtsS/BtsR and their respective target proteins, YhjX and BtsT. YpdB regulates expression of yhjX by binding to its promoter region. Activation of the YpdA/YpdB signaling cascade also promotes BtsS/BtsR-mediated btsT expression. (244 aa) |
| | xapR | Transcriptional activator of xapAB; Positive regulator required for the expression of xapA and xapB. Binds to the inducer xanthosine. (294 aa) |
| | hcaR | Hca operon transcriptional regulator; Transcriptional activator of the hca operon for 3- phenylpropionic acid catabolism. (296 aa) |
| | glrR | Response regulator regulating glmY sRNA in two-component system with sensor protein GlrK; Member of the two-component regulatory system GlrR/GlrK that up-regulates transcription of the glmY sRNA when cells enter the stationary growth phase. Regulates glmY transcription by binding to three conserved sites in the purL-glmY intergenic region. (444 aa) |
| | alpA | CP4-57 prophage; Positive regulator of the expression of the slpA gene. When overexpressed, leads to suppression of the capsule overproduction and UV sensitivity phenotypes of cells mutant for the Lon ATP-dependent protease. Part of the cryptic P4-like prophage CP4-57. Overexpression of AlpA leads to excision of the CP4-57 prophage by IntA. This inactivates ssrA (the gene upstream of the prophage) that encodes tmRNA which is required to rescue stalled ribosomes in a process known as trans- translation. (70 aa) |
| | norR | Anaerobic nitric oxide reductase DNA-binding transcriptional activator; Required for the expression of anaerobic nitric oxide (NO) reductase, acts as a transcriptional activator for at least the norVW operon. Activation also requires sigma-54. Not required for induction of the aerobic NO-detoxifying enzyme NO dioxygenase. Binds to the promoter region of norVW, to a consensus target sequence, GT-(N7)-AC, which is highly conserved among proteobacteria. (504 aa) |
| | fhlA | Formate hydrogenlyase transcriptional activator; Required for induction of expression of the formate dehydrogenase H and hydrogenase-3 structural genes. Also activates expression of hyf operon (encodes the silent hydrogenase-4 gene cluster). (692 aa) |
| | argP | HTH-type transcriptional regulator ArgP; Controls the transcription of genes involved in arginine and lysine metabolism. Activates transcription of several genes, including argO, lysP, lysC, asd, dapB, dapD, lysA, gdhA and argK. Acts by binding directly to their promoter or control region. ArgP dimer by itself is able to bind the argO promoter-operator region to form a binary complex, but the formation of a ternary complex with RNA polymerase is greatly stimulated only in presence of a coeffector. Both arginine and lysine are coeffectors at the argO promoter, but only arginine is compe [...] (297 aa) |
| | yqhC | Transcriptional activator of yqhD; Putative ARAC-type regulatory protein; Protein involved in transcription activator activity and transcription. (318 aa) |
| | qseB | Quorum sensing DNA-binding response regulator in two-component regulatory system with QseC; Member of a two-component regulatory system QseB/QseC. Activates the flagella regulon by activating transcription of FlhDC. Currently it is not known whether this effect is direct or not. (219 aa) |
| | ttdR | Transcriptional activator of ttdABT; Positive regulator required for L-tartrate-dependent anaerobic growth on glycerol. Induces expression of the ttdA-ttdB-ygjE operon. (310 aa) |
| | yqjI | PadR family putative transcriptional regulator; Represses the expression of YqjH which is involved in iron homeostasis under excess nickel conditions. Also represses its own expression. (207 aa) |
| | yhaJ | LysR family putative transcriptional regulator; Positive regulator, may be partially responsible for expression of neighboring gene dlsT (yhaO) (By similarity). (298 aa) |
| | tdcA | Tdc operon transcriptional activator; Transcriptional activator for the tdcABCDE operon. Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family. (312 aa) |
| | tdcR | L-threonine dehydratase operon activator protein; Probable trans-acting positive activator for the tdc operon. (72 aa) |
| | rpoN | RNA polymerase, sigma 54 (sigma N) factor; Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. This sigma factor is responsible for the expression of enzymes involved in arginine catabolism. The open complex (sigma-54 and core RNA polymerase) serves as the receptor for the receipt of the melting signal from the remotely bound activator protein GlnG(NtrC). (477 aa) |
| | sspA | Stringent starvation protein A; Forms an equimolar complex with the RNA polymerase holoenzyme (RNAP) but not with the core enzyme. It is synthesized predominantly when cells are exposed to amino acid starvation, at which time it accounts for over 50% of the total protein synthesized. It is involved in the transition from P1 early to P1 late gene expression. Rnk and SspA can functionally replace P.aeruginosa alginate regulatory gene algR2. (212 aa) |
| | argR | L-arginine-responsive arginine metabolism regulon transcriptional regulator; Negatively controls the expression of the four operons of arginine biosynthesis in addition to the carAB operon. Predominantly interacts with A/T residues in ARG boxes. It also binds to a specific site in cer locus. Thus it is essential for cer-mediated site-specific recombination in ColE1. It is necessary for monomerization of the plasmid ColE1; Belongs to the ArgR family. (156 aa) |
| | aaeR | Transcriptional regulator for aaeXAB operon; Activates transcription of the aaeXAB operon. (309 aa) |
| | fis | Global DNA-binding transcriptional dual regulator; Activates ribosomal RNA transcription, as well other genes. Plays a direct role in upstream activation of rRNA promoters. Binds to a recombinational enhancer sequence that is required to stimulate hin- mediated DNA inversion. Prevents initiation of DNA replication from oriC. Binds to hundreds of transcriptionally active and inactive AT- rich sites, approximately half its binding sites are in non-coding DNA, which only accounts for about 10% of the genome. Belongs to the transcriptional regulatory Fis family. (98 aa) |
| | zntR | zntA gene transcriptional activator; Zinc-responsive transcriptional regulator of zntA. (141 aa) |
| | rplD | 50S ribosomal subunit protein L4; One of the primary rRNA binding proteins, this protein initially binds near the 5'-end of the 23S rRNA. It is important during the early stages of 50S assembly. It makes multiple contacts with different domains of the 23S rRNA in the assembled 50S subunit and ribosome. Forms part of the polypeptide exit tunnel. Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL4 family. (201 aa) |
| | crp | cAMP-activated global transcription factor, mediator of catabolite repression; A global transcription regulator. Complexes with cyclic AMP (cAMP) which allosterically activates DNA binding (to consensus sequence 5'-AAATGTGATCTAGATCACATTT-3') to directly regulate the transcription of about 300 genes in about 200 operons and indirectly regulate the expression of about half the genome. There are 3 classes of CRP promoters; class I promoters have a single CRP-binding site upstream of the RNA polymerase (RNAP)-binding site, whereas in class II promoters the single CRP- and RNAP-binding site [...] (210 aa) |
| | ompR | Response regulator in two-component regulatory system with EnvZ; Member of the two-component regulatory system EnvZ/OmpR involved in osmoregulation (particularly of genes ompF and ompC) as well as other genes. Plays a central role in both acid and osmotic stress responses. Binds to the promoter of both ompC and ompF; at low osmolarity it activates ompF transcription, while at high osmolarity it represses ompF and activates ompC transcription. Involved in acid stress response; this requires EnvZ but not OmpR phosphorylation. Phosphorylated by EnvZ; this stimulates OmpR's DNA-binding abi [...] (239 aa) |
| | malT | Mal regulon transcriptional activator; Positively regulates the transcription of the maltose regulon whose gene products are responsible for uptake and catabolism of malto- oligosaccharides. Specifically binds to the promoter region of its target genes, recognizing a short DNA motif called the MalT box (5'- GGA[TG]GA-3'). Displays weak ATPase activity, but this activity is not required for promoter binding. (901 aa) |
| | rtcR | Sigma 54-dependent transcriptional regulator of rtcBA expression; Transcriptional repressor of the rtcAB genes. Interacts with sigma-54. (532 aa) |
| | gntR | D-gluconate inducible gluconate regulon transcriptional repressor; Negative regulator for the gluconate utilization system GNT- I, the gntUKR operon. (331 aa) |
| | rpoH | RNA polymerase, sigma 32 (sigma H) factor; Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. This sigma factor is involved in regulation of expression of heat shock genes. Intracellular concentration of free RpoH protein increases in response to heat shock, which causes association with RNA polymerase (RNAP) and initiation of transcription of heat shock genes, including numerous global transcriptional regulators and genes involved in maintaining membrane functionality and homeostasis. RpoH is then quic [...] (284 aa) |
| | gadX | Acid resistance regulon transcriptional activator; Positively regulates the expression of about fifteen genes involved in acid resistance such as gadA, gadB and gadC. Depending on the conditions (growth phase and medium), can repress gadW. (274 aa) |
| | cspA | RNA chaperone and antiterminator, cold-inducible; Binds to and stimulates the transcription of the CCAAT- containing, cold-shock-inducible promoters of the H-NS and GyrA proteins. Binds also to the inverted repeat 5'-ATTGG-3'. (70 aa) |
| | lldR | Dual role activator/repressor for lldPRD operon; May be a regulatory protein for the LCT genes. (258 aa) |
| | bglG | Transcriptional antiterminator of the bgl operon; Mediates the positive regulation of the beta-glucoside (bgl) operon by functioning as a transcriptional antiterminator. This is an RNA-binding protein that recognizes a specific sequence located just upstream of two termination sites within the operon. (278 aa) |
| | asnC | Transcriptional activator of asnA; Activator of asnA transcription; autogenous regulator of its own transcription; and repressor of the expression of gidA at a post- transcriptional level. (152 aa) |
| | rbsR | Transcriptional repressor of ribose metabolism; Transcriptional repressor for the ribose rbsDACBK operon. RbsR binds to a region of perfect dyad symmetry spanning the rbs operon transcriptional start site. The affinity for the rbs operator is reduced by addition of ribose, consistent with ribose being the inducer of the operon. (330 aa) |
| | rhaS | Transcriptional activator of rhaBAD and rhaT; Activates expression of the rhaBAD and rhaT operons. (278 aa) |
| | rhaR | Transcriptional activator of rhaSR; Activates expression of the rhaSR operon in response to L- rhamnose. (282 aa) |
| | cpxR | Response regulator in two-component regulatory system with CpxA; Response regulator member of the two-component regulatory system CpxA/CpxR which responds to envelope stress response by activating expression of downstream genes including cpxP, degP, dsbA and ppiA. Required for efficient binding of stationary phase cells to hydrophobic surfaces, part of the process of biofilm formation. Induced upon cell surface binding, subsequently induces genes it controls (cpxP, dsbA and spy, degP is only partially induced). Binds and activates transcription from the degP promoter ; binding is enhan [...] (232 aa) |
| | zraR | Transcriptional regulatory protein ZraR; Member of the two-component regulatory system ZraS/ZraR. When activated by ZraS it acts in conjunction with sigma-54 to regulate the expression of zraP. Positively autoregulates the expression of the zraSR operon. (441 aa) |
| | basR | Response regulator in two-component regulatory system with BasS; Member of the two-component regulatory system BasS/BasR. BasR induces the transcription of the ugd, ais, arnBCADTEF and eptA-basRS loci, all involved in resistance to polymyxin (By similarity). (222 aa) |
| | adiY | Adi system transcriptional activator; Putative ARAC-type regulatory protein; Protein involved in transcription activator activity and transcription. (253 aa) |
| | dcuR | Response regulator in two-component regulatory system with DcuS; Member of the two-component regulatory system DcuR/DcuS. Involved in the C4-dicarboxylate-stimulated regulation of the genes encoding the anaerobic fumarate respiratory system (frdABCD; nuoAN; dcuB; dcuC; sdhCDAB; etc.). Weakly regulates the aerobic C4- dicarboxylate transporter dctA. (239 aa) |
| | cadC | cadBA operon transcriptional activator; Required for Pcad induction, a promoter upstream of cadBA that is responsible for the pH-regulated expression of CadA and CadB. Probably acts as an activating transcription factor. (512 aa) |
| | iraD | RpoS stabilzer after DNA damage, anti-RssB factor; Inhibits RpoS proteolysis by regulating RssB activity, thereby increasing the stability of the sigma stress factor RpoS during oxidative stress. Its effect on RpoS stability is due to its interaction with RssB, which probably blocks the interaction of RssB with RpoS, and the consequent delivery of the RssB-RpoS complex to the ClpXP protein degradation pathway; Belongs to the GpW/Gp25 family. IraD subfamily. (130 aa) |
| | bglJ | Bgl operon transcriptional activator; A crytic transcriptional activator. When its expression is induced it relieves H-NS repression of the bgl operon. Acts independently of transcription factor LeuO. (225 aa) |
| | creB | Response regulator in two-component regulatory system with CreC; Member of the two-component regulatory system CreC/CreB involved in catabolic regulation. (229 aa) |
| | arcA | Response regulator in two-component regulatory system with ArcB or CpxA; Member of the two-component regulatory system ArcB/ArcA. Represses a wide variety of aerobic enzymes under anaerobic conditions. Controls the resistance of E.coli to dyes; required for expression of the alkaline phosphatase and sex factor F genes; It also may be involved in the osmoregulation of envelope proteins. When activated by ArcB, it negatively regulates the expression of genes of aerobic function. Activates the transcription of the plfB operon by binding to its promoter. (238 aa) |
